Transcript

0.14-2.92
We have got some news here and one, um-
我们这儿有一条新闻,还有,嗯——
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Breaking news in Southern California.
南加州有突发新闻。
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Fear and concern is growing tonight as flames- Opening an investigation into the University of California-
今晚随着火势蔓延,人们的恐惧和担忧不断增加——加州大学正在启动一项调查——
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Attorney General, Pam Bondi, released the first phase of declassified files- Russia and Ukraine are inching closer to a possible peace deal- He signed an executive order banning transgender women and girls from-
司法部长 Pam Bondi 公布了第一批解密文件——俄罗斯和乌克兰正逐步接近可能的和平协议——他签署了一项行政命令,禁止跨性别女性和女孩——
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An additional 5,000 troops to the southern border, even though border crossings have plummeted under Trump-
在 Trump 执政期间,边境越境人数已经大幅下降,但仍要向南部边境再增派五千名士兵——
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In shocking news which is sure to become history-
这条令人震惊、必将载入史册的新闻——
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This is arguably the least shocking thing to happen in history.
这可能是历史上最不令人震惊的事情了。
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Welcome back to Shameless Popery.
欢迎回到「无耻教皇党」。
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I'm Joe Heschmeyer.
我是 Joe Heschmeyer。
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And if you think that keeping up with news and politics right now is just overwhelming, well good news, I guess, you're correct.
如果你觉得如今追新闻和政治让人应接不暇,嗯,好消息吧,你的感觉没错。
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And you should know that some of that feeling of being overwhelmed that you're experiencing is actually by design.
你还得知道,你现在感到被淹没的那部分压力,其实是刻意制造出来的。
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Now, Steve Bannon, one of the masterminds behind President Trump's first campaign, gave a fascinating interview back in 2019 where he talked about feeling like they were up against both the Democratic Party and the media, and that one of the strategies for keeping the opposition, both the media and the other party, on the back foot was by doing so much stuff all at once that it was hard to organize any kind of opposition to it.
现在,Steve Bannon——Trump 总统第一次竞选的幕后策士之一——在2019年接受了一次精彩采访,他提到,他们感觉自己既要对抗民主党,也要对抗媒体,而他们用来让对手——包括媒体和另一党派——无法招架的策略之一,就是一下子同时做太多事情,导致对方根本来不及组织任何抵抗。
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In Bannon's words, he says this.
用 Bannon 的话说,他是这么说的。
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In the first 100 days, every day we're gonna be hitting with either three executive orders, whatever.
在前100天里,我们每天都会用三项行政命令之类的招数猛攻。
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Number one is that the Democratic Party's shattered.
第一点是,民主党已经被打得支离破碎。
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They don't know if they're coming or going, right?
他们都不知道该进还是该退,对吧?
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They got one group that's doing identity politics and other groups, that's the Clinton centrists, they're, I said, We've broken 'em right now.
他们一边是玩身份政治的那帮人,另一边是克林顿派的中间派。我说过,我们现在已经把他们击垮了。
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They have no idea.
他们完全摸不着头脑。
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They're gonna have their own internal civil war, right?
他们内部接下来会陷入自己的内战,对吧?
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That'll keep them occupied for a while.
那会让他们忙上一阵子。
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So what we've gotta do is just hit, hit, hit, and keep it it's momentum, momentum, momentum.
所以我们要做的就是猛攻、猛攻、猛攻,保持势头、势头、势头。
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The, the, the, the opposition party is the media, and the media can only, because they're dumb and they're lazy, they can only focus on one thing at a time.
真正的反对党是媒体,而媒体因为又笨又懒,一次只能关注一件事。
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And the one thing they'll mainly focus on is either they do the horse race, or once the horse race, who's in, who's out.
他们主要就关注竞选的「赛马」戏码,比赛一开始,他们只看谁进谁出。
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Right.
对。
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It's like the high school, who are the cool kids in the cafeteria, right?
就像高中食堂里,谁是那帮酷孩子,对吧?
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Right.
对。
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'Cause it's easy.
因为这样最容易。
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It's the reason they do the horse race stuff all the time, right?
这就是他们总在搞赛马式报道的原因,对吧?
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They won't do the basic, what are the core things that are going on in the country.
他们不会去做最基本的事,也就是关注国家正在发生的核心问题。
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I said, All we have to do is flood the zone.
我说过:「我们要做的就是淹没整个信息场。」
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Every day, we hit 'em with three things.
「每天给他们三连击。」
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They'll bite on one, and we'll get all of our stuff done.
「他们总会咬住其中一条,我们就能把所有事情搞定。」
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Pang, bang, bang.
「砰、砰、砰。」
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These guys will never, will never be able to recover.
「他们永远、永远无法翻身。」
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But we gotta start with muzzle velocity.
「但我们得从『枪口初速』开始。」
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So it's gotta start, and it's gotta hammer-
「一上来就得猛烈轰击——」
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What is that word?
「那个词是什么来着?」
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It's gotta muzzle velocity.
「要有『枪口初速』。」
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So that momentum, momentum, momentum.
「这样才能保持动能、动能、动能。」
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The bang, bang, bang.
「砰、砰、砰。」
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They hit 'em with three different things at once every day.
「他们每天都会同时丢给对方三件不同的事情。」
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Whatever you think of that, it certainly seems to work as a political strategy, and moreover, is only more amplified this time around.
无论你怎么看,这显然是一种行之有效的政治策略,而且这一次火力更猛。
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So just to get, put some numbers on it.
为了给大家一个直观的数据,
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In the first Trump presidency, he didn't literally sign three executive orders a day.
在 Trump 第一次当总统时,他并没有真的一天签三项行政命令,
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In the first 100 days he was in office, he signed 24 executive orders.
他上任的前100天里,一共签了24项行政命令。
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But this time around, we're only about halfway through his first 100 days, and he's already signed 89.
但这一次,我们只走到100天的一半,他已经签了89项。
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So, it is much closer to three a day.
也就是说,差不多一天三项。
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And they're often on different topics, often in controversial areas, all of which could make a good media story or a good opposition ad.
而且这些命令常常涉及不同领域,往往也很有争议,每一条都足以成为媒体头条或反对派广告。
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But when there's so much stuff all at once, it's overwhelming.
可是当这么多事情一下子涌来,就让人喘不过气。
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I don't wanna talk about it from the political angle.
我不想从政治角度来谈。
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I understand why it's happening.
我理解为什么会这样。
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I wanna talk about the spiritual angle.
我想探讨的是灵性层面。
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What does it do to us as human beings to be saturated with this many different stimuli all at once, demanding a response of congratulation, adulation, outrage, something else?
当我们一次性被这么多不同的刺激淹没,每一种都在逼着我们表示祝贺、崇拜、愤怒或别的反应,这对我们到底造成了什么?
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Just evaluate all these different policies going across so quickly day after day after day after day.
你得不停地评估这些天天涌现的政策。
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And I would suggest that this is much more spiritually damaging to us as individuals than we realize.
我认为,这对我们每个人的灵性伤害比我们想象的要大得多。
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And this is true literally regardless of the merits of the policies, and regardless of what one thinks of President Trump.
而且这与政策本身的优劣、以及你对 Trump 总统的看法毫无关系。
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That, you know, I'll just put it like this.
我就这么说吧,
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Chances are you know, or maybe are, someone who talks about all these different political things day after day.
多半你认识,或者自己就是那种天天谈论各种政治新闻的人。
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And you've got to form some kind of opinion.
你不得不形成某种立场,
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This is great because of this, this is horrible because of that.
「因为这个原因太棒了」,「因为那个原因太糟了。」
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You've gotta stir up the congratulations or the outrage or the outrage at the outrage, day after day after day.
你得日复一日地煽动赞美、愤怒,或者对愤怒的愤怒。
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Now if you're someone who, maybe you've seen a loved one go down this route, you've seen what it's done to them.
如果你是那种人,也许你看着亲友走上这条路,你亲眼看到这对他们造成了什么影响。
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The sort of flattening effect it has on one's personality, the way it makes them less pleasant to be around.
它会让人的个性被磨平,也让他们变得不那么好相处。
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And I'm gonna suggest that's not just because maybe you disagree with their politics.
我要说,这不仅仅是因为你可能和他们的政治立场不同。
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It's, even if they share your general political orientation, it's because it's doing something else that's really destructive and really damaging that we maybe under-appreciate.
即便他们的政治倾向和你差不多,这种状态也在做另一件非常破坏、非常伤人的事,只是我们没能意识到。
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But to get into that kind of political frame, to analyze it spiritually, we have to actually dig a little deeper and say the underlying problem isn't one's political orientation.
不过,要从政治框架切换到灵性分析,我们得更深入地探讨,指出根本问题不是政治取向。
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The underlying problem is that we are way too online right now, that there's a technological problem that is behind and beneath the political division and outrage and everything else.
真正的问题是,我们现在实在太「在线」了;技术层面的因素在政治分裂、愤怒等一切背后推波助澜。
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And maybe the best way to put some numbers on that is just to say we hit a very strange and kind of ignominious, uh, mark recently, which is we'd been, year after year after year, increasing more and more and more media.
或许用数据来说明最好:最近我们达到了一个既奇怪又有点尴尬的里程碑——多年来,我们每年都在不停地增加接触媒体的时间。
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A lot of this is screen time, not all of this.
其中大部分是屏幕时间,但不全是。
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This is any kind of media consumption.
这包括任何形式的媒体消费。
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It's listening to Spotify, it's listening to the radio, it's watching TV. It's being in front of a screen.
比如听 Spotify、听广播、看电视,就是一直对着屏幕。
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And recently, a weird thing happened.
但最近发生了一件奇怪的事。
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I'm gonna let these marketers explain, but the short answer is, that number stopped going up.
我让市场分析师来解释,简而言之:那个数字不再上涨了。
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But the reason it stopped going up is because it could not go up anymore.
之所以停住,是因为它已经无法再涨。
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Our conclusion is that media saturation is here.
我们的结论是:媒体饱和已经到来。
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Uh, for, from years and years and years, sometimes I've come on this podcast talking with you or just in general, this forecast has shown an ever-increasing amount of time that Americans spend with media.
多年来,我多次在播客里和大家谈到,美国人花在媒体上的时间年年攀升,这份预测报告也一直显示同样的趋势。
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It just goes up, up, up, up, up, year after year.
它就是年复一年地不断往上飙。
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And we are now pretty much ready to say that-
而现在我们几乎可以宣布——
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the wall is being hit.
已经撞上天花板。
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Uh, now, the wall, it- it's being hit at a very high level, 12 and a half hours plus, right?
而这个天花板本身就很高——平均每天超过十二个半小时,对吧?
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An enormous amount of time spent with media.
这是极其巨量的媒体时间。
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More specifically, when he says 12 and a half hours plus, the number they came to was 12 hours and 42 minutes per day is what the average American is spe- spending consuming media.
更具体地说,他们得出的数字是:平均美国人每天花12小时42分钟在媒体消费上。
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And the reason that we're hitting a cap is we've run out of waking hours in the day.
之所以触顶,是因为我们已经把清醒时段用光了。
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I mean, there's a certain amount of time when you sort of can't be in front of a screen or listening to something because you're asleep or doing something else, you know?
毕竟,人总得睡觉或做别的事,这些时候没法对着屏幕或戴着耳机,对吧?
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Like, there's We've pretty much filled every moment of our waking lives with media and with the consumption of media.
也就是说,我们几乎把所有清醒的时刻都塞满了媒体和媒体消费。
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Now, hear me out.
先听我说完。
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Not all of that is political.
其中并非全是政治内容。
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Not all of that is bad.
也并非全都不好。
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But it's a lot.
但量实在太大。
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It's too much.
就是过量。
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And that would be true, think about it, like even if you were just watching nature programming 12 hours and 42 minutes a day, that'd be excessive.
想想看,就算你每天花12小时42分钟只看自然纪录片,也已经过头了。
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Even if you're watching the most edifying, uplifting, heartening story of puppies finding their mothers, that would be too much.
即便你看的都是最有教育意义、最温馨励志的小狗找妈妈故事,也还是太多。
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But unfortunately, in that 12 hours and 42 minutes per day that you are a consumer being fed products by sophisticated media organizations, they have learned how to market effectively to you by making you angrier and less happy.
但不幸的是,在这每天12小时42分钟里,老练的媒体机构把你当消费者,不断向你投喂产品;他们学会了通过让你更愤怒、更不快乐的方式来精确营销。
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And so, we have a pretty clear, pretty well-established addiction to outrage.
于是,我们对愤怒形成了相当明显、相当稳固的依赖。
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Now, that's not a conspiracy.
这并不是阴谋论。
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We know that marketers have honed in on this and figured a ways to manipulate you and your emotions to make things Rage bait is, is one of the terms that you'll hear.
我们知道市场营销人员早已抓住这一点,找到了操纵你和你情绪的方法,制造所谓的『rage bait』(愤怒诱饵)。
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Like, people get addicted to certain emotions.
人会对某些情绪上瘾。
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Now, if you wanna see someone promoting this, uh, Jonah Berger has a book called Contagious: Why Things Catch On, and he's writing from a marketing perspective, basically asking, Why do some things go viral and others don't?
如果你想了解有人如何推崇这一做法,Jonah Berger 有本书叫《Contagious: Why Things Catch On》,他从市场营销的角度探讨:为什么有些东西会爆红,有些不会?
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And it's easy to say, Oh, the problem is people respond more to negative emotions than positive ones.
人们很容易说:『问题在于大家对负面情绪的反应比正面情绪强烈。』
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That's actually wrong.
其实不对。
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What they respond to are what he calls high arousal emotions, emotions that get you worked up.
真正起作用的是他所说的『高唤醒情绪』——能把你情绪一下子点燃的那种。
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Now, they could get you worked up in a positive way.
这种情绪可以是正向的,
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Wow, this is so amazing.
「哇,太棒了!」
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I'm so excited.
「我太激动了!」
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I gotta go tell everybody.
「我要赶紧告诉所有人!」
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Or, and this is easier to do, they could get you worked up in a negative way, like, How dare they?
或者——而且更容易做到——用负向方式点燃你,比如说「他们怎么敢?」
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And then, I feel the need to comment.
于是你就忍不住要留言。
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I'm gonna tell everybody.
「我要告诉所有人!」
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I can't believe they did this.
「真不敢相信他们竟然这么做!」
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In contrast to high arousal emotions, you have low arousal emotions.
与高唤醒情绪相对的是低唤醒情绪。
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These can also be positive or negative.
它们同样可以是正面的或负面的。
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So for instance, a positive, low arousal emotion is contentment.
例如,正面的低唤醒情绪是满足。
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Oh, like, I guess monkeypox wasn't really the thing people were saying it was gonna be?
「哦,看来猴痘并没有像人们说的那样可怕?」
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That's good.
「那挺好。」
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You don't feel the need to go and like, Hey, everybody, good news, we don't have monkeypox!
你不会急着到处说:「嘿,大家好消息,我们没有猴痘!」
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But there's also negative, low arousal emotions, particularly sadness.
但也有负面的低唤醒情绪,尤其是悲伤。
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You read something, it just bums you out, you don't wanna talk about it.
你看到某件事,只觉得闷闷不乐,也不想多谈。
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You're not mad, you're just like, Oh, that's disappointing.
你并不生气,只是觉得:「唉,真让人失望。」
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Yeah, I'm not gonna go share 30 articles about how the Eagles beat the Chiefs in the Super Bowl.
我可不会分享30篇文章去说老鹰队在超级碗打败酋长队。
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I might read them for some reason, but I'm not gonna share them because, oh, that kind of bums me out.
也许我会出于某种原因去读,但我不会分享,因为那让我有点沮丧。
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That's a low arousal negative emotion.
这就是低唤醒的负面情绪。
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So the issue isn't positive versus negative emotions.
所以问题不在于正面还是负面情绪。
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The issue is high arousal emotions, and one of the easiest ways to tap into that is with negative high arousal emotions by triggering the fight or flight response.
问题在于高唤醒情绪,而最容易触发高唤醒的方式之一就是利用负面情绪,激活你的「战斗或逃跑」反应。
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If you can make somebody really angry where they have to lash out, that's great from a perverted marketing perspective because now they're gonna lash out and spread the word of your product or the thing you're selling or the article you're trying to get them to click on.
如果你能让某人怒不可遏、非发泄不可,从扭曲的营销角度看就再好不过,因为他们会在发泄时顺便把你的产品、你卖的东西或你想让他们点击的文章扩散出去。
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And Berger teaches people to do this.
你得日复一日地煽动赞美、愤怒,或者对愤怒的愤怒。
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Here's how he puts it.
如果你是那种人,也许你看着亲友走上这条路,你亲眼看到这对他们造成了什么影响。
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He said, When trying to use emotions to drive sharing, remember to pick ones that kindle the fire.
它会让人的个性被磨平,也让他们变得不那么好相处。
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Select high arousal emotions that drive people to action.
我要说,这不仅仅是因为你可能和他们的政治立场不同。
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On the positive side, excite people or inspire them by showing them how they can make a difference.
即便他们的政治倾向和你差不多,这种状态也在做另一件非常破坏、非常伤人的事,只是我们没能意识到。
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On the negative side, make people mad, not sad.
不过,要从政治框架切换到灵性分析,我们得更深入地探讨,指出根本问题不是政治取向。
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Then he says, Simply adding more arousal to a story or ad can have a big impact on people's willingness to share it.
真正的问题是,我们现在实在太「在线」了;技术层面的因素在政治分裂、愤怒等一切背后推波助澜。
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In one experiment, we changed the details of a story to make it evoke more anger.
或许用数据来说明最好:最近我们达到了一个既奇怪又有点尴尬的里程碑——多年来,我们每年都在不停地增加接触媒体的时间。
637.00-639.08
In another experiment, we made an ad funnier.
其中大部分是屏幕时间,但不全是。
639.50-641.63
In both cases, the results were the same.
这包括任何形式的媒体消费。
642.13-645.58
More anger or more humor led to more sharing.
比如听 Spotify、听广播、看电视,就是一直对着屏幕。
645.67-649.24
Negative emotions can also drive people to talk and share.
但最近发生了一件奇怪的事。
650.01-652.48
I don't know about you, but I think this is pretty gross.
我让市场分析师来解释,简而言之:那个数字不再上涨了。
652.88-654.46
In fact, I would say this.
之所以停住,是因为它已经无法再涨。
654.55-667.36
You should absolutely smash the like button and the share and comment below and share this to all of your friends to say, Isn't this outrageous that people are purposely stirring up outrage just to get easy clicks and likes and comments?
我们的结论是:媒体饱和已经到来。
667.41-669.67
And do that without any sense of irony.
多年来,我多次在播客里和大家谈到,美国人花在媒体上的时间年年攀升,这份预测报告也一直显示同样的趋势。
669.86-678.32
Uh, but in, in all seriousness, this is something we have to watch out for because it's not just that we are idly consuming way too much stuff.
它就是年复一年地不断往上飙。
678.58-683.77
It's that we're consuming things that are calibrated to make us unhappy.
而现在我们几乎可以宣布——
684.10-688.98
And this bears terrible spiritual fruit, and we're gonna get into that in a moment.
已经撞上天花板。
689.10-698.93
But before we get there, I want to actually handle a few objections that you might have, because as you've probably seen, I'm going to say, you need to radically curb your media diet.
而这个天花板本身就很高——平均每天超过十二个半小时,对吧?
699.36-701.60
And I say this as a hypocrite.
这是极其巨量的媒体时间。
701.60-703.08
It's a beautiful day outside today.
更具体地说,他们得出的数字是:平均美国人每天花12小时42分钟在媒体消费上。
703.48-704.29
It's warm.
之所以触顶,是因为我们已经把清醒时段用光了。
704.29-705.34
It feels wonderful.
毕竟,人总得睡觉或做别的事,这些时候没法对着屏幕或戴着耳机,对吧?
705.34-719.93
We've had snow recently, and it's almost 70 degrees, and I was on my phone walking to work, thinking about what I was gonna say about people being on their phones too much and thought, Hm, physician, heal thyself.
也就是说,我们几乎把所有清醒的时刻都塞满了媒体和媒体消费。
719.98-731.82
So, I say this with, you know, some sense of, uh, self-incrimination, and I can think of the objections I would give, and these might be the same objections you would give, and they are basically these three.
先听我说完。
732.08-735.27
Number one, But don't I need to be politically informed?
其中并非全是政治内容。
735.29-743.48
Shouldn't I keep track of the news so I know what's going on in the US or in the world or whatever country you're in? number two, Well, how am I gonna stay connected?
也并非全都不好。
743.48-749.84
Like, if I radically cut media consumption out of my life, how will I stay connected to those around me?
但量实在太大。
750.30-753.34
And number three, Well, you can spiritualize it.
就是过量。
753.56-757.30
Shouldn't I be praying for the victims of tragedies around the world?
想想看,就算你每天花12小时42分钟只看自然纪录片,也已经过头了。
757.50-761.68
Let's consider each of these in turn.
即便你看的都是最有教育意义、最温馨励志的小狗找妈妈故事,也还是太多。
762.10-770.40
Because there is some sense in which consuming hours of media consumption a day might make you better politically informed.
但不幸的是,在这每天12小时42分钟里,老练的媒体机构把你当消费者,不断向你投喂产品;他们学会了通过让你更愤怒、更不快乐的方式来精确营销。
770.44-780.94
That's actually a little more disputed, because oftentimes people consume things that strengthen their own biases, and they end up just more biased and less understanding of the situation.
于是,我们对愤怒形成了相当明显、相当稳固的依赖。
781.18-783.82
But there's some evidence that, that it does some good.
这并不是阴谋论。
783.88-788.18
But I'll just ask this question: Is political awareness worth it?
我们知道市场营销人员早已抓住这一点,找到了操纵你和你情绪的方法,制造所谓的「rage bait」。
788.20-797.94
And we can look at this in a pretty concrete way, because there's a moment in life, which many of you watching this, I know, will not have reached yet, but should consider.
人会对某些情绪上瘾。
797.94-805.14
There's a moment in life when people suddenly have a lot more time to consume media, and that is retirement.
如果你想了解有人如何推崇这一做法,Jonah Berger 有本书叫《Contagious: Why Things Catch On》,他从市场营销的角度探讨:为什么有些东西会爆红,有些不会?
805.20-821.96
And so, uh, Marcel Garre, uh, professor at the University of Hamburg, has a journal article called Retirement, Consumption of Political Information, and Political Knowledge from the European Journal of Political Economy, but he's actually looking, uh, in many cases at American consumption.
人们很容易说:「问题在于大家对负面情绪的反应比正面情绪强烈。」
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So, even though he's writing for a European journal and he's a European scienti- or social scientist, it, nevertheless, here's what he found.
其实不对。
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He says, After controlling for the age-related decline in cognitive abilities and other covariates, I'm gonna explain what all that means, he found that retirement leads to an increase in the respondents' correctly answered questions.
真正起作用的是他所说的「高唤醒情绪」——能把你情绪一下子点燃的那种。
845.96-852.36
On, so, th- in other words, they would quiz people about political stuff, like who was the secretary of state?
这种情绪可以是正向的,
852.52-860.62
And after they retired, people got better at answering those questions when you adjust for cognitive decline.
「哇,太棒了!」
860.62-868.92
So, people actually got worse, but they got less worse than they would've if they were still getting older and not retired.
「我太激动了!」
869.08-872.36
So, people get worse as they get older because of cognitive decline.
「我要赶紧告诉所有人!」
872.80-882.14
But people who are getting older but are also, uh, watching more news because they're retired get worse at a slower rate.
或者——而且更容易做到——用负向方式点燃你,比如说「他们怎么敢?」
882.34-887.10
So this is a, not a great result to begin with, but kind of unavoidable.
于是你就忍不住要留言。
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Like, you're just not gonna be as sharp at 85 as you are at 55.
「我要告诉所有人!」
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But then he said that the effect is larger for questions about issues that are particularly relevant to retirees, like health policy, and current events, rather than general knowledge.
「真不敢相信他们竟然这么做!」
903.12-903.74
So that's the first thing.
与高唤醒情绪相对的是低唤醒情绪。
903.80-909.00
Like, you're not, like, just generally better informed; you're better informed about the stuff that's, like, most directly relevant to your life.
它们同样可以是正面的或负面的。
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Which, okay, fair enough, fine.
例如,正面的低唤醒情绪是满足。
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But then he says, However, I do not find robust evidence of effects on intentions of respondents to vote.
「哦,看来猴痘并没有像人们说的那样可怕?」
919.32-928.52
So number one, spending hours more watching political news doesn't make retirees more likely to vote than they would've if they weren't spending hours.
「那挺好。」
928.80-938.72
So, the most obvious thing you could say, The reason I need to watch all this political news is so I can be an informed citizen and go vote, and we just don't find that effect happening.
你不会急着到处说:「嘿,大家好消息,我们没有猴痘!」
939.56-944.24
Instead, we find that people become more committed to the party they were already identified with.
但也有负面的低唤醒情绪,尤其是悲伤。
944.60-954.44
They don't switch from L to R or from R to L, they don't switch from Democrat to Republican, they just become more ensconced with whatever they previously believed.
你看到某件事,只觉得闷闷不乐,也不想多谈。
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And so, Garre says, This result likely implies that retirees use the additional spare time to expand their consumption of congenial, partisan news, which strengthens existing beliefs and increases polarization.
你并不生气,只是觉得:「唉,真让人失望。」
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So I can point to e- even people in the kind of Catholic online world who went from being not very overtly political to talking positively or negatively about Donald Trump all the time.
我可不会分享三十篇文章去说老鹰队在超级碗打败酋长队。
983.60-989.98
And it seemed like this was not a political evolution of them switching from one position to another.
也许我会出于某种原因去读,但我不会分享,因为那让我有点沮丧。
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They just became more and more and more vocal about the position they already held, and sort of alienated a lot of people who might have listened to them on more important issues otherwise.
这就是低唤醒的负面情绪。
1001.98-1009.22
But this is what we find with retirees as well, that as they have this extra time, they're not getting more nuanced in their political opinions.
所以问题不在于正面还是负面情绪。
1009.22-1012.36
They're, they're not getting more moderate or anything like this.
问题在于高唤醒情绪,而最容易触发高唤醒的方式之一就是利用负面情绪,激活你的「战斗或逃跑」反应。
1012.38-1014.14
No, it, it's the opposite.
如果你能让某人怒不可遏、非发泄不可,从扭曲的营销角度看就再好不过,因为他们会在发泄时顺便把你的产品、你卖的东西或你想让他们点击的文章扩散出去。
1014.28-1020.18
They're becoming just more partisan because they're consuming congenial, partisan news.
而 Berger 就教人这么做。
1020.44-1048.38
That we may tell ourselves that the reason that we are watching the news is to be informed, but if you're spending hours a day watching a political news show that agrees with your political leanings or listening to a podcast that agrees with your political leanings or watch, or, you know, reading stuff online or watching YouTube videos that agree with your existing leanings, it's only so convincing to say that this is about education.
他是这样说的。
1048.38-1052.22
It seems to be in no small part for entertainment.
他说:「当你想用情绪来推动分享时,记得选择能点燃火焰的情绪。」
1052.56-1058.12
And, don't get me wrong, there's nothing inherently wrong with entertainment, but let's tell the truth.
「挑选那些能促使人行动的高唤醒情绪。」
1058.54-1070.38
Like, you're spending hours a day entertaining yourself by listening to people who maybe are smarter or more articulate than you telling you why the things you already believe are right.
「正面来说,可以让人兴奋,或通过展示他们如何产生影响来激励他们。」
1071.02-1072.86
Eh, that can feel really good.
「负面来说,要让人愤怒,而不是悲伤。」
1072.94-1075.46
Confirmation bias is a heck of a drug.
随后他又说:「仅仅把更多唤醒元素加进一个故事或广告,就能大大提升人们分享的意愿。」
1076.16-1087.42
But there's some real downside to that, and one of the downsides is you're not really better politically informed, except in a trivial sense, like you're more likely to know what bill is before Congress.
在一个实验里,我们修改了故事细节,让它更能激起愤怒。
1087.42-1091.08
But understanding the other side, say, you're not really better at that.
另一个实验中,我们把一则广告做得更搞笑。
1091.08-1093.96
You're, if anything, seemingly worse at that.
两种情况下,结果都一样。
1094.26-1102.52
In Garre's words, he says, In general, general knowledge is socially beneficial, but affective polarization is likely harmful.
愤怒或幽默越多,分享就越多。
1102.52-1110.39
Affective polarization, meaning, like, you're more- emotionally, uh, detached from and opposed to people with whom you disagree.
负面情绪同样能推动人们去讨论和转发。
1110.57-1115.67
Thus, the welfare effects of the increase in media consumption due to retirement remain unclear.
我不知道你怎么想,反正我觉得这挺恶心的。
1116.47-1136.05
And then, he connects this up to, uh, previous findings that you have on demographic differences and polarization, namely, increased exposure to traditional media, in combination with the changing media landscape, likely explain why older people have been becoming more polarized than other age groups over the last decades.
事实上,我想这么说。
1136.37-1147.41
Like, the radicalization of grandma and grandpa is a result of the political media environment, both traditional things like TV shows, and the rise of online stuff.
你绝对应该狠狠点「赞」、分享、留言,再转发给所有朋友说:「这些人居然故意挑起愤怒只为了轻松拿点击和点赞,这不是太离谱了吗?」
1147.57-1164.89
And because there's a wealth of other stuff showing that this is the one group susceptible to not having a good sense of fake news versus real news, I mean, literally, like, nonexistent news stories, this is a group most likely to fall for AI art, all that stuff, these are the people being affected most strongly by that.
而且一点都别觉得讽刺。
1164.89-1173.51
Now, some of that is generational, some of that is maybe tied to the cognitive decline, but a lot of that is just tied to consuming way too much of this stuff.
不过说真的,我们得警惕这点,因为问题不仅是我们闲着没事消费太多内容。
1173.85-1183.57
And so, if you're someone, even if you're not a retiree, who finds that you consume a lot of this stuff, you should see, Maybe it's having these effects on me as well.
而是我们正在消费那些专门调校过、会让我们不开心的内容。
1184.85-1186.19
We can talk about some of those effects.
这会结出非常糟糕的灵性果实,我们马上就会谈到。
1186.19-1193.97
Now, we've already talked about a few of them, but the political polarization bears real spiritual fruit, and it's nasty fruit.
但在那之前,我想先回应你可能提出的几个反对意见,因为你大概已经看出来,我要说的是:你得大幅削减自己的媒体摄入量。
1194.25-1205.81
So, Pew, uh, back in 2022, had an article, or a report really, called As Partisan Hostility Grows: Signs of Frustration with the Two-Party System.
我承认,我说这话自己也有点虚伪。
1206.45-1210.55
But despite the headline, the real takeaway is this.
今天外面天气很好。
1211.21-1226.79
Members who were not just leans Republican or leans Democratic, but people who were like, Yeah, I definitely am a Republican, I definitely am a Democrat, at shocking rates, have come to really hate the other party, to view them, uh, with genuine antipathy.
很暖和。
1227.25-1237.57
So, when you look at favorable, unfavorable, on the unfavorables, we want to look specifically at the very unfavorable.
感觉棒极了。
1237.69-1242.87
Because obviously, you're gonna disagree with the party you're not in, almost definitionally.
前阵子还在下雪,现在接近华氏70度。我走去上班时还在刷手机,想着要说别人玩手机太多,就心想:「嗯,医生,先治好你自己。」
1243.03-1247.71
You're not like, I'm a Republican, but I think the Democrats have way better ideas, or vice versa.
所以我带着某种自我控诉来说这些话。我能想到自己会提的反对理由,这些也许正是你会提的,主要有三个。
1247.71-1249.85
That, why wouldn't you just switch parties?
第一条:「难道我不该了解政治吗?」
1250.13-1265.57
So, it's normal to have some degree of, yeah, we part company, and especially as the parties have seemingly moved further apart in some respects, some of this is totally normal, but it's worth at least recognizing this is the state we're in, and that we were not always in this state.
「我不是应该关注新闻,好知道美国、世界,或你所在国家正在发生什么吗?」第二条:「那我怎么跟人保持联系?」
1265.57-1267.91
Because some of you are very much not retirees.
也就是说,如果我大幅削减媒体消费,我要怎么跟身边的人保持联系?
1267.91-1272.99
Some of you don't remember, like, the early '90s, because maybe you weren't alive then.
第三条:「你可以把它提升到灵性层面。」
1273.01-1283.93
And so, you should just know that back in 1994, only about 21% of Republicans had a very unfavorable view of the Democratic Party.
「我难道不该为世界各地的受害者祷告吗?」
1284.13-1285.59
Now, it's 62%.
我们逐一来看。
1285.87-1287.47
So, it's roughly tripled.
毕竟,每天花几个小时看媒体在某种程度上可能的确能让你更了解政治。
1288.45-1297.03
On the flip side, only 17% of Democrats had a very unfavorable view of the Republican Party, and now, it's 54%.
不过这点颇有争议,因为人们往往只消费强化自身偏见的内容,结果只是偏见更深,对局势更不理解。
1297.09-1299.23
It's actually slightly more than tripled.
但确实有一些证据显示,它有一定好处。
1299.27-1308.49
So, a majority of Democrats and majority of Republicans view the other side, at least as a party, with great hostility.
但我只想问一句:政治敏感度真的值得吗?
1308.49-1317.55
But again, that by itself, okay, you might just say, Well, this is a sign that, you know, the political parties have really differentiated one another, and they have different policy proposals.
我们可以用很具体的方式来看,因为人生有一个阶段,许多观看的朋友还没到,但值得思考。
1317.55-1319.17
Some of those proposals are better than others.
那就是退休——人们突然有了大量时间消费媒体。
1319.17-1320.37
My side's obviously right.
于是不妨看看汉堡大学的 Marcel Garre 教授在《European Journal of Political Economy》上发表的〈Retirement, Consumption of Political Information, and Political Knowledge〉这篇文章;虽然是欧洲期刊,他很多数据其实是美国的。
1320.71-1323.01
So, I view the other side quite unfavorably.
所以即便作者是欧洲学者、写给欧洲期刊,他得出的发现仍然如下。
1323.05-1326.25
That by itself isn't obviously bad.
他说:「在控制了与年龄相关的认知能力下降等变量后,退休会让受访者正确回答政治问题的数量增加。」
1326.43-1341.23
But, Pew finds this partisan polarization increasingly means that Republicans and Democrats don't just view the opposing party, but also the people in that party in a negative light.
换句话说,他们会考人们关于政治的问题,比如「谁是国务卿?」
1341.33-1351.53
Growing shares in each party now describe those in the other party as more close-minded, dishonest, immoral, and unintelligent than other Americans.
在调整认知衰退因素后,退休人士回答这些问题的表现有所提升。
1352.01-1356.81
In fact, this is, I don't know, I just thought the numbers here were quite shocking.
也就是说,人随着年龄确实会变差,但退休的人变差得没那么快。
1357.23-1364.91
So, the questions are framed as, Do you think members of opposing party are more close-minded than the average American?
年龄增加导致认知衰退,人自然会退步。
1364.97-1366.83
That's kind of the way it's framed.
但那些变老同时因退休看更多新闻的人,退步速度比较慢。
1367.21-1378.51
Most Republicans thought Democrats were more close-minded, dishonest, immoral, unintelligent, and lazy than ordinary Americans.
这结果并不算多好,不过也难以避免。
1379.13-1385.89
Most Democrats thought Republicans were more close-minded, dishonest, immoral, and unintelligent than other Americans.
毕竟85岁时思维不可能像55岁那样敏锐。
1386.01-1388.13
They didn't, interestingly, say lazy .
不过他又指出,这种提升主要出现在与退休人士切身相关的问题,比如医疗政策或时事,而不是一般知识。
1388.13-1393.65
So, you might be close-minded, dishonest, immoral, and unintelligent, but you work really hard.
这就是第一点。
1393.67-1394.93
So, that's something.
也就是说,你并不是整体知识面更广,而只是对与你生活最相关的议题更了解。
1396.17-1411.27
Among the just sort of, like, four or more of these traits, where like, you would say, Oh, yeah, they're all of the bad things , a majority of Republicans assigned four or more of the five traits, the five negative traits, to an ordinary Democrat.
这倒也说得过去。
1411.27-1416.77
Again, not the politicians, just members of the other party, like your uncle, that sort of thing.
但他接着说:「然而,我并未找到退休对受访者投票意向有显著影响的可靠证据。」
1417.25-1420.23
And 43% of Democrats did likewise.
也就是说,花更多时间看政治新闻,并不会让退休人士比原来更愿意去投票。
1420.49-1428.47
So, this is, when I say it's making us judge our neighbor in this harsh and uncharitable light, we have the data to show that.
人们常说「我需要看这些政治新闻,好以知情公民身份去投票」,但研究并没显示这种效果。
1428.87-1431.11
This is not just a policy difference.
相反,我们发现,人们只是更坚定地拥护自己原本支持的政党。
1431.37-1438.99
This is not just, Yeah, we disagree on some major things, but I think you're a good person who's mistaken on some important things.
他们不会从左转右、或从右转左,不会从民主党转去共和党,只会把原本的立场抱得更紧。
1439.25-1453.11
This is, I think you're an idiot, and a liar, and evil, and close-minded, unlike me, I'm very much not close-minded, and maybe lazy, depending on which side.
因此,Garre 指出:「这结果可能意味着,退休人士利用多出的时间去加大对同情己方的党派新闻的消费,这强化了既有信念,也加剧了极化。」
1453.69-1454.31
That's bad.
我甚至可以举例一些线上公教圈的人,他们原本不太谈政治,后来却成天正面或负面地谈 Donald Trump。
1454.41-1475.03
Like, this is genuinely bad spiritual fruit, and one of the reasons this spiritual fruit exists is because we're spending hours a day being fed outrageous, outraging things to make us mad at each other, and it's working, and it's working way too effectively, and it's doing real damage .
看起来这并不是他们立场的转变。
1475.03-1478.09
but it's not just doing damage in how I view my neighbor.
而是把原有立场越讲越多,结果把本来可能关注他们更重要议题的人都给疏远了。
1478.39-1484.49
Even apart from the political thing, remember, my argument is the root of this is just an over-consumption of media.
退休人士也是这样,时间多了并不会让他们的政治观点更细腻。
1484.75-1490.33
We also have good evidence that this excessive digital consumption leads to bad mental well-being.
他们并没有变得更温和或类似的。
1490.41-1502.77
Now, I've not read the book yet, but I know The Anxious Generation by Jonathan Haidt explores, so I recommend that this is probably gonna be very good, because his earlier book, The Coddling of the American Mind, I found very thought-provoking.
不,恰恰相反。
1502.79-1515.59
So I'm gonna give a complete blind recommendation for a book I have not yet read, to say that if it's anything like his previous work on this stuff, it's probably very good and worth checking out.
所以我要盲推一本我还没读过的书——如果它和作者以前在这方面的作品差不多,那应该很不错,值得一看。
1515.73-1519.93
And eventually, I will get around to actually reading.
迟早我会把它真正读完的。
1520.97-1537.47
For now, though, another European study, this one on Europeans, this one's called Social Media Use, Loneliness, and Emotional Distress Among Young People in Europe, from researchers i- in Italy and Germany, and, uh, published in the GLO Discussion Paper.
不过眼下先提一项新的欧洲研究,专门针对欧洲年轻人,题为《Social Media Use, Loneliness, and Emotional Distress Among Young People in Europe》,由意大利和德国的研究人员完成,发表在 GLO 讨论论文里。
1538.73-1554.49
And what they found, uh, by looking at data across Europe, and this is, I would suspect, also true of the US, was that studies consistently indicate an increase in symptoms of sadness, anxiety, and depression, uh, when people consume more social media.
他们纵览欧洲数据——我猜美国情况也类似——发现研究一致表明:社交媒体使用越多,悲伤、焦虑和抑郁症状就越明显。
1554.85-1560.59
In addition, recent evidence highlights that loneliness is particularly high among younger populations.
另外,最新证据显示年轻人尤其容易感到孤独。
1561.55-1573.45
And then they say social pressures and comparisons, now amplified by continuous digital engagement, might be especially harmful for young people during formative years when identity development is critical.
他们指出,持续的数字接触放大了社交压力和攀比,可能在年轻人形成自我认同的关键阶段造成特别大的伤害。
1573.59-1577.01
But they do something that I think is, is actually really cool here.
不过他们做了一件我觉得很棒的事。
1577.49-1584.93
They distinguish between social media usage and things like instant messaging, where you have passive use, when you're just scrolling through.
他们区分了社交媒体使用与即时通讯等场景,并指出「被动使用」——也就是只刷不互动——的区别。
1585.29-1591.67
They find in particular that this sends rates of anxiety and depression and loneliness up.
他们发现,被动刷屏会让焦虑、抑郁和孤独感上升。
1591.95-1600.75
Because, I mean, if you think about it, you're like Scrooge in the Christmas story where you're, like, not visible and you're just watching what everybody else is doing.
想想看,这就像《圣诞颂歌》里的 Scrooge,当个隐形人,只能旁观别人过生活。
1600.97-1603.75
Imagine how lonely that would be for Ebenezer Scrooge.
想想 Ebenezer Scrooge 会多孤独。
1603.95-1605.55
I don't mean Scrooge McDuck.
我说的可不是史高治·麦克鸭。
1606.43-1611.01
In contrast, if you're using your phone to message somebody else, there's an actual conversation.
相反,如果你用手机给别人发消息,你们就有真正的对话。
1611.31-1614.89
Now, maybe it's not as rich as it would be in person, but you're connected.
虽然不及面对面交流丰富,但你们好歹是连着的。
1615.21-1619.11
So, they don't find these same trends for people who are on their phone messaging.
因此,他们并未在用手机聊天的人身上发现相同趋势。
1619.21-1621.87
They do find these trends for people who are scrolling.
但在刷屏人群中却出现了这些趋势。
1622.19-1630.61
And so if you are a passive consumer and you're doing a lot of that, you should be aware that you're not just feeling worse about the person you disagree with.
所以如果你大量做被动刷屏,你要知道,你不仅会对不同意见的人更反感,
1630.61-1632.99
You're probably feeling worse about yourself.
你对自己的感觉也可能更差。
1633.67-1639.53
So, that then leads to that third objection, But wait, don't I have to pray for other people?
这就引出了第三个反对意见:「等等,我不是得为别人祷告吗?」
1640.01-1643.29
And so, I wanna address that and talk about prayer and gossip.
我想回答这个问题,谈谈祷告和八卦。
1643.73-1648.49
The short answer, I actually floated this objection to my wife yesterday and said, What would you say to this?
简单说,我昨天把这个问题抛给我太太,问她会怎么回应。
1648.77-1652.13
And she said, Yeah, you've got enough to know to pray for people already.
她说:「你已经知道足够多的信息去为人祷告了。」
1652.21-1658.75
Like, you can pray for everyone who's a victim of war or injustice, all of that stuff right now around the world.
比如,你可以为世界各地所有战争或不公义的受害者祷告。
1658.79-1661.79
You don't need to know all of their details.
你不需要知道他们所有的细节。
1662.29-1681.93
And so there's this temptation where we use a spiritual guise to really just satiate our own curiosity, and there's this vice called curiositas, or literally the vice of curiosity, where it's just wanting to know things, to know them, not because it's enriching my love of the truth, but just I want more information.
于是我们会用灵性的外衣来满足好奇心,这叫 curiositas——好奇成瘾——并不是为了更爱真理,只是想知道得更多。
1682.23-1684.97
And similarly, there's the vice of gossip.
还有一种恶习叫八卦。
1685.35-1692.71
And so you can imagine, like imagine you got a group of people praying, and you say, Hey, say a prayer for my friend, Mrs. Smith.
想象一下,一群人在祷告,你说:「请为我的朋友 Smith 太太祷告。」
1692.71-1694.93
You know, she's having some problems in her marriage.
「她婚姻出了点问题。」
1694.97-1696.61
The good reaction is to be like, Okay.
正确反应是:「好的。」
1696.71-1697.45
Yeah, I'll pray for her.
「我会为她祷告。」
1697.83-1703.71
The bad reaction is to say, Tell me all the details so I can pray for Mrs. Smith.
错误反应是:「把细节全告诉我,这样我才能为她祷告。」
1703.87-1705.21
That's gossip.
那就是八卦。
1705.25-1706.53
Watch out for that.
得提防这种心态。
1706.89-1710.59
Because you might pretend you're doing that for her sake.
因为你可能假装是为她着想。
1710.85-1712.29
We both know you're not.
但我们心里都知道不是。
1712.61-1714.59
And we can do the same thing in political stuff.
政治话题也一样。
1714.59-1720.85
I need to spend hours a day hearing how horrible the other party is, so I can pray for all the people who've been hurt by them.
「我要每天花几个小时听另一党多可怕,好为被他们伤害的人祷告。」
1720.97-1722.53
No, that's not what's going on.
不,这才不是事实。
1722.57-1724.33
Let's be honest with ourselves.
我们得对自己诚实。
1724.55-1728.11
Let's not give cheap spiritual excuses for our bad behavior.
别用廉价的灵性借口为坏习惯开脱。
1728.59-1735.73
All right, with that, I don't wanna just diagnose the problem, and I know I've not even done a very thorough job and just sketching out the gist of the problem.
好了,说到这里,我并不想只停留在诊断问题,而且我知道我只是粗略勾勒了问题大意,还远算不上彻底。
1735.73-1739.99
I trust that you already have some sense of it yourself, and I'm relying on that.
我相信你们自己已经有所体会,我也指望着这一点。
1740.05-1749.77
I wanna get practical about some solutions, and the first thing I'd say is think about this the way you would your real diet, like your diet of food.
我想提供一些实际的解决办法。首先,请把这事儿像对待饮食一样对待——就像你吃的食物那样。
1749.95-1753.53
If you realize, Hey, I'm spending 12 hours a day eating junk food.
如果你发现自己一天花十二小时吃垃圾食品,
1753.63-1768.09
I'm eating food that's making my stomach upset, and it's, you know, not sitting well with me, and it's, it's making me feel bad about myself, et cetera, et cetera, maybe you need to cut all that stuff out completely, and we'll talk about that.
吃得胃难受、消化不良、也让我对自己感觉糟糕,那也许就该彻底戒掉;我们稍后会谈这点。
1768.29-1771.43
But maybe you just need to be smarter about it, radically reduce it.
但也可能只需要更聪明地控制——大幅减量。
1771.85-1775.73
And you can still leave some of it in there, because I don't wanna say it's bad to be politically informed.
你仍可以保留一点,因为我并不是说了解政治不好。
1775.99-1779.27
I think that's overrated, but I think it's an authentic good.
我觉得它被高估了,但确实有其价值。
1779.43-1784.13
I don't think it's bad to find out what's going on in other countries and you can pray for the other people.
了解其他国家发生的事并为他们祷告也没坏处。
1784.13-1786.63
I think we often use that as a pretext.
但我们常把这当借口。
1786.91-1792.57
But those things, while they're not evil of themselves, they need to be radically reduced.
这些虽然本身不邪恶,却需要大幅削减。
1792.57-1796.65
So, the solution may not be to get rid of them, but just to reduce them.
所以解决方案可能不是彻底弃掉,而是大幅减量。
1796.65-1798.35
So, I'd ask these questions.
因此我要提出几个问题。
1798.87-1802.35
Number one, I think you should watch what you're consuming and why.
第一,你该留意自己到底在消费什么,以及为什么。
1802.35-1805.03
So, ask yourself, How am I spending my day?
问问自己:「我一天时间怎么花的?」
1805.05-1805.95
Maybe even journaling.
甚至可以写日记记录。
1805.95-1813.95
Keep track of, I mean, go look at your internet history and just scroll through the tome where you say, I had no idea I went to 500 websites this morning.
查看一下浏览记录,翻一翻那长长的清单,你可能会说:「没想到我今天早上就点了五百个网页!」
1815.13-1816.79
And then ask, Why did I do that?
然后问自己:「我为什么这么做?」
1816.79-1818.41
What was I looking for?
「我在找什么?」
1818.81-1822.01
I mean, maybe you were looking for, like, some obscure bit of data.
可能你在找某个冷门数据,
1822.25-1823.85
That's often why I do.
我自己也常这样。
1824.15-1828.31
But ask the more meaningful question of, What am I trying to do in doing that?
但更重要的问题是:「我这么做究竟想达到什么?」
1828.49-1838.21
Like, why did I think I need to know, uh, why Hungaria, uh, Hungary's, uh, excuse me, uh, national anthem is in minor tonality and et cetera.
比如,我为什么觉得必须知道匈牙利国歌为什么用了小调之类的问题?
1838.21-1839.99
Like, not necessary, right?
其实并不必要,对吧?
1840.47-1843.10
Second-How much are you consuming?
第二——你到底消费了多少?
1843.44-1846.82
Because even if it's good stuff, again, are you consuming too much?
即便都是好东西,会不会也吃得太多?
1846.82-1853.46
Having, like, a digital wellbeing thing on your phone can be really helpful, but be mindful that you're not just consuming stuff on your phone.
使用手机里的「数字健康」功能确实有帮助,但要记得你的消费不只发生在手机上。
1853.58-1859.38
Anymore, most of us are watching things on two screens, or we're listening to things in one place and watching them somewhere else.
如今很多人是一边看两个屏幕,或者一边听一边看。
1860.04-1861.42
Keep track of all that.
要把这些都统计进去。
1861.96-1868.46
If you can't even watch a movie because you're too distracted, that might be a sign that something is radically outta whack.
如果你看电影都坐不住,说明情况已经很不对劲。
1869.22-1873.38
Number three, ask, What is it doing to me?
第三,问问自己:「它对我造成了什么影响?」
1874.50-1878.82
So when I watch a lot of this stuff, am I happier?
当我看很多这类内容时,我更开心了吗?
1878.88-1879.72
Am I sadder?
还是更难过?
1879.72-1880.90
Or am I more anxious?
或者更焦虑?
1881.18-1881.84
What's going on?
到底怎么了?
1881.84-1892.94
And it can be really helpful to have a spouse or a loved one of some kind who can tell you, You become really obnoxious when you watch XYZ. That can be really helpful.
最好有配偶或亲人提醒你:「你看某某内容后就特别难相处。」这很有帮助。
1894.36-1903.96
And it can also be really helpful, if you think it's not affecting you, to try cutting it out of your diet completely for a few days and see what that does.
如果你觉得自己没受影响,可以试着几天完全不碰它,看看效果。
1904.88-1915.18
I talked to someone who, uh, often was, like, one of these people who would, uh, do the political news all the time, and like, every time you talk to him, it was something political.
我认识一个人,总是沉迷政治新闻,你每次和他聊天话题都离不开政治。
1915.62-1921.86
And then he went on a retreat for three days, I think, and like, silent retreat, cut off from all that stuff.
后来他去参加了三天的静修,与世隔绝。
1921.88-1928.66
And afterwards, it was like a whole different person come back, until he got reabsorbed into the media ecosphere.
回来的时候判若两人,直到他又被媒体漩涡卷进去为止。
1929.30-1933.54
And it was a night and day difference, and I think even he noticed it.
前后差别天壤之别,他自己都察觉到了。
1934.28-1939.22
So then, the fourth thing I would say isn't really a question, but just consume better things.
第四点,不是问题,而是:去摄取更好的内容。
1939.76-1943.78
Be mindful about what you're consuming and fill your diet with better things.
有意识地选择,用更好的内容填满自己的「饮食」。
1943.78-1945.10
Now, this is incomplete.
不过这还不够。
1945.10-1948.26
There's something else we're gonna want to fill in the space there, which is silence.
我们还需要在空白里加上一样东西,就是「沉默」。
1948.26-1949.88
We're gonna get to that in a minute.
我们待会儿会谈。
1950.22-1961.28
But one of the things you should be doing is saying, Okay, even if a particular story is worth me knowing about, how much time and attention does it deserve?
但你该做的一件事是:即便某条新闻值得我知道,它配得上我多少时间和注意力?
1961.66-1963.32
I'm gonna give you an example from this morning.
我举今天早上的例子。
1963.34-1970.32
My producer, Metal Mike, sent me this of Tim Pool from, uh, his, like, Timcast news thing.
我的制作人 Metal Mike 给我发了 Tim Pool 的 Timcast 新闻视频。
1970.42-1976.14
And at the time he sent it to me, it had 57,000 views 37 minutes after it had been streamed.
他发给我时,直播后37分钟已达57,000次观看。
1976.14-1980.36
And now, when I went like half an hour later, it had 63,000 views.
半小时后我再看,已经63,000次观看。
1981.62-1987.26
And the headline is, Democrat Impeachment Campaign against Trump Begins as Party Collapses, Voters Quit Party.
标题是:「民主党启动弹劾 Trump 行动,政党崩溃,选民退党」。
1987.40-1997.00
Now, if you actually find out what he's really talking about, an online petition got 250,000 signatures saying the president should be impeached.
可如果你去了解内容,只是有个线上请愿拿到25万签名,说总统该被弹劾。
1997.32-2001.24
And a good question would be, Is this a news story I need to know about?
一个好问题是:「这是我需要知道的新闻吗?」
2001.36-2002.36
The answer is no.
答案是否定的。
2002.50-2003.48
That's not going anywhere.
那根本不会有什么后续。
2003.62-2013.84
The, there's no clear line where we get from, yeah, there was an online petition to the president is no longer the president and now the vice president becomes the pres-, it's not how things work.
从「有个线上请愿」到「总统下台、副总统继任」之间并不存在明确路径,事情不是这么运作的。
2014.18-2017.90
And if you're really politically informed, you already know this is a total non-story.
如果你真的政治敏感,你早知道这完全不是新闻。
2017.90-2031.44
But even if you think it is a story, even if you say, I should find out about that, you can do what I did and just Google that and find, like, a paragraph's worth of information that tells you the basic gist, and you realize this is nobody in Congress.
但就算你觉得这是条新闻,你也可以像我一样谷歌一下,看一小段文字就知道根本没有国会议员参与。
2031.44-2033.62
This is not a party-led thing.
这不是政党主导的事件。
2033.74-2039.70
This is just a random online petition, and there are a million random online petitions for anything you wanna find.
不过是随机的线上请愿,而类似请愿多到数不清。
2039.96-2047.32
And then ask yourself, Okay, Tim Pool's stream was an hour and one minute and 50 seconds.
然后问问自己:「Tim Pool 这场直播长达1小时1分50秒。
2048.08-2055.40
Is there any way that the story I just described to you justifies an hour of my life?
我刚描述的这件事有必要让我花一小时的生命吗?」
2055.42-2063.44
And I would suggest once you start asking those questions, you start realizing like, Oh, yeah, maybe I'm wasting my life on some of this stuff.
当你开始这样提问,就会意识到:「哦,原来我也许在这些事情上浪费了生命。」
2063.80-2067.98
Regardless, I mean, this is not me weighing in on the merits of any of that.
无论如何,我并不是要评价事件本身。
2068.38-2079.72
It's me just saying, spending an hour on a non-story designed to get people worked up and outraged is not a good use of your life or good to do to yourself spiritually.
我只是想说,为了一个专门挑动情绪的假新闻浪费一小时,对你的生命和灵性都没有好处。
2079.78-2083.62
It is certainly not worth 61 minutes and 50 seconds.
它绝对不值那61分50秒。
2084.16-2085.10
All right.
好吧。
2086.02-2089.38
There is actual biblical guidance on this, and so I want to give you that.
圣经里确实有相关指引,我想告诉你。
2089.60-2092.34
Saint Paul, in Philippians chapter 4, says this.
圣保罗在〈腓立比书〉第四章这样说:
2092.72-2094.52
He says, Rejoice in the Lord always.
「你们要靠主常常喜乐。」
2094.72-2097.06
Again, I will say, rejoice.
「我再说,你们要喜乐!」
2097.46-2099.36
Now, that's top line.
这是纲领。
2099.48-2101.28
He's gonna then tell you how to get there.
接着他要告诉你如何做到。
2101.56-2104.14
Like, how do you get in a place where you can be rejoicing always?
也就是,怎样才能常常喜乐?
2104.58-2109.80
And a lot of it is having a healthy spiritual diet of what you're consuming.
其中很大一部分就是要有健康的灵性饮食。
2109.82-2111.46
He's not gonna use terms like new media.
他不会用「新媒体」这种词,
2111.46-2113.40
He's solidly old media.
毕竟他属于「老媒体」。
2113.80-2117.92
But he is going to tell you to figure out what it is you're consuming.
但他确实要你弄清自己在摄取什么。
2117.92-2120.12
So listen to that as we get there.
所以接下来请留心听。
2120.46-2122.98
First, though, he's gonna say, Let all men know your forbearance.
首先他会说:「当叫众人知道你们谦让的心。」
2122.98-2123.94
The Lord is at hand.
「主已经近了。」
2124.32-2131.92
Have no anxiety about anything, but in everything, by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God.
「应当一无挂虑,只要凡事借着祷告、祈求,和感谢,将你们所要的告诉神。」
2132.22-2132.76
Hold on.
等等。
2132.96-2134.96
We just got a solutions step.
我们刚拿到一个解决步骤。
2135.26-2139.94
If you're struggling with anxiety, stop watching things that make you anxious on purpose.
如果你正在与焦虑搏斗,就别再故意去看那些让你焦虑的东西。
2140.34-2142.26
Start spending more time in prayer.
开始花更多时间祷告。
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And then he says, And the peace of God, which passes all understanding, will keep your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.
接着他说:「神所赐、出人意外的平安,必在基督耶稣里保守你们的心怀意念。」
2150.16-2156.80
That there are actual spiritual remedies to this that aren't just, I need to consume more media junk food.
其实这里有真正的灵性解药,而不只是「我要多吃点媒体垃圾食品」。
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But then he's gonna get very particular.
接下来他会讲得非常具体。
2159.04-2174.84
He's going to say, Finally, brethren, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is gracious, if there is any excellence, if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things.
「弟兄们,我还有未尽的话:凡是真实的,凡是可敬的,凡是公义的,凡是清洁的,凡是可爱的,凡是有美名的,若有什么德行,若有什么称赞,这些事你们都要思念。」
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And I would add, watch these things, listen to these things.
我还要补充:去观看这些、去聆听这些。
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It is easy to obsess about the negative stuff.
我们很容易被负面东西缠住。
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It's actually very easy, not just for other people to gin up the negative emotional arousal, but for you to gin it up in yourself by stressing about things you have no control over, by getting worried about the state of the world, by thinking about all of the tragedies that are out there that are real tragedies.
别人很容易煽动你的负面情绪,你自己也会因为焦虑那些根本无法掌控的事、担心世界局势、想到那些真实存在的悲剧而给自己添堵。
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But what are you do, what is, how are you making the world a better place by spending hours of your day fretting about things you have no control over?I would argue you're not.
可你花好几个小时去焦虑这些无能为力的事,究竟怎样让世界变得更好?我认为根本没有。
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And I think St. Paul would argue the same thing, that you should fill your internal diet, in terms of what you're thinking about, praying about, focusing on, and also your external diet, what is coming into your body, what is coming into your mind.
我相信圣保罗也会这么说:你应该调整「内在饮食」——你的所思、所祷、所关注——以及「外在饮食」——进入身体和大脑的内容。
2223.43-2229.89
It should be things that are true, honorable, just, pure, lovely, gracious, excellent, and praiseworthy.
这些内容应当是真实的、可敬的、公义的、清洁的、可爱的、有美名的、卓越的、值得称赞的。
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And if the stuff that you're consuming, that doesn't sound like it, uh, you probably need to be consuming better stuff.
如果你吸收的东西听起来完全不是这样,那你就该换更好的内容了。
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Finally, it says, What you have learned and received and heard and seen in me, do, and the God of peace will be with you.
「你们在我身上所学习的、所领受的、所听见的、所看见的,这些事你们都要去行。赐平安的神就必与你们同在。」
2243.07-2248.81
Notice the way he contrasts a godly peace from a worldly anxiety.
请注意,他把属神的平安与属世的焦虑作了对比。
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And so many of us have fallen into worldly anxiety be- because we haven't allowed ourselves to be sated by godly peace.
我们之所以陷入世俗的焦虑,往往是因为没有让神的平安充满自己。
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Now, I want to say a word on this, and I know part of this is just, you know, being married to a m- you know, marriage and family therapist.
在这点上我想多说一句,我毕竟娶了一位婚姻家庭治疗师。
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I, my wife deals with people who have actual underlying psychological issues where they have anxiety and all of that.
我太太接触的很多人都有真实的心理疾病,比如焦虑等。
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St. Paul's not talking about that.
圣保罗说的不是这种情况。
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There's a level of anxiety you can't control, your fight or flight response is miscalibrated, and so you go into fight or flight mode, and things easily trigger it, and so you feel more agita, more anxiety.
有一种焦虑是你无法控制的:你的『战或逃』机制被调错了,轻易就被触发,让你更加烦躁不安。
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That's a different thing.
那是另一回事。
2284.43-2286.63
That's n- not, Paul is not condemning that.
保罗并没有责备这种情况。
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He is instead condemning the rest of us who are purposely making ourselves upset and allowing ourselves to be carried away by the kind of distressing thoughts.
他责备的是那些故意让自己烦躁、任由焦虑思绪牵着走的人。
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So, don't read that as an anti, like, Don't take your anxiety medicine, don't get treated.
所以千万不要把这理解为『别吃抗焦虑药、别接受治疗』。
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No.
不。
2302.93-2307.03
And m- much less is it, you know, condemning someone for something they have no control over.
更不是责怪那些无法控制自身病症的人。
2307.25-2313.45
But a lot of this stuff, we have control over, and there's great data to suggest that we have control over it.
但是很多时候,我们完全可以掌控,而数据也表明我们确实能掌控。
2314.51-2321.55
Paul is then going to give us some symptoms to watch out for, the good and bad spiritual fruit.
接着保罗给我们列出了需要警惕的征兆——好与坏的灵性果实。
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In Galatians chapter 5, he says, The works of the flesh are plain.
在加拉太书第五章,他说:「情欲的事都是显而易见的。」
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And then he lists several of them.
随后列出一大堆。
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I wanna highlight a few.
我想挑几项说说。
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Immorality, obviously.
首先是奸淫。
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One of the ways you can emotionally arouse someone is through things that are salacious and provocative, sensual.
借助淫荡、挑逗和感官刺激,非常容易煽动人的情绪。
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And impurity, similarly.
污秽也是如此。
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But those are just the first two he mentions.
但这只是头两项。
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He then turns to things like enmity, strife, jealousy.
接下来还有仇恨、争竞、嫉妒。
2345.79-2353.07
How much of social media is built up on dividing people and making you jealous of what somebody else's life looks like on a screen?
社交媒体有多少内容就是靠分裂人群、让你嫉妒屏幕上别人的生活来运作?
2353.31-2357.71
How much is built on cultivating anger, selfishness, dissension?
又有多少内容专门培植愤怒、自私和分裂?
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Seemingly, a lot of outrage culture is, is very much like that, and particularly, as we're looking at the political media landscape, how much is motivated by dissension, party spirit, and the like?
看似整套『愤怒文化』正是如此,尤其在政治媒体领域,多少内容都是驱动于分裂、党派之气等等?
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Likewise, he's gonna talk about envy and drunkenness and carousing.
保罗还提到嫉妒、醉酒、荒宴。
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I don't think we need to worry about drunkenness and carousing here, but envy, again, uh, certainly comes up.
醉酒、荒宴或许离我们远点,但嫉妒肯定经常冒头。
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So, if you look at, How am I scrolling?
所以想想看:我刷屏时是怎样的?
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What feelings is it bringing up in me?
它挑起了我哪些情绪?
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And St. Paul just gave you a checklist of them.
圣保罗刚给你列了一张清单。
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That's a sign that you need to change something pretty radical.
如果对号入座,那就是需要做大幅调整的信号。
2397.23-2407.59
On the flip side, the positive symptoms, uh, what he calls the fruit of the Spirit: love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control.
反过来看,他说的『圣灵的果子』——仁爱、喜乐、和平、忍耐、恩慈、良善、信实、温柔、节制——就是正面征兆。
2408.13-2414.75
If the things that you're watching and listening to and imbibing make you feel a greater sense of those things, that's probably a good sign.
如果你看的、听的、吸收的让你更有这些感受,那多半是好兆头。
2414.97-2418.37
That's probably a sign that this is what you should be consuming.
那就说明这些内容值得你继续接触。
2419.43-2420.67
That's the first thing.
这是第一步。
2420.79-2422.83
Change your diet accordingly.
相应地调整你的『饮食』。
2423.09-2425.69
And again, it might not mean an elimination diet.
再次说明,并不一定得『清零』。
2425.69-2428.55
It might mean that you just do a lot less.
可能只是大幅减量。
2428.77-2433.19
That way, you still have a little bit of junk food, but it's more proportionate to what it should be.
这样你仍可偶尔吃点『垃圾食品』,但比例更合适。
2433.35-2439.35
You know, in the old food pyramid charts, that top little, Use sparingly, I would say use sparingly here.
就像旧版食物金字塔最顶端写着『少吃』,这里也该『少用』。
2440.11-2443.41
But next, I'm gonna pivot and just say, touch grass.
接下来我要换个话题:去『摸摸草』。
2443.65-2449.45
Now, if you're not super online, this is a super online way of saying, Don't be super online.
如果你不常泡网上,『摸草』就是一种极网感的说法,意思是别总泡在网上。
2449.97-2452.41
Touch grass just means, like, actually go outside.
『摸草』就是让你真的走到户外去。
2452.79-2471.15
And it turns out, there's an actual, uh, peer-reviewed journal of electronic gaming and esports, which is already very funny of itself, and there's an article in there talking about how you should touch grass instead of playing esports if you wanna really have psychological excellence .
有趣的是,在一家同行评审的《电子游戏与电竞期刊》里,竟然发表了文章劝人别打电竞去摸草,才能拥有更好的心理状态。
2471.47-2479.99
The authors say, Nature exposure generally is linked to greater performance and well-being across psychological and psychophysiological research.
作者指出,接触大自然通常与更佳表现和幸福感正相关,这是心理和生理多方面研究的共识。
2480.01-2488.69
Academic and organizational psychology research have shown that r- nature exposure, again, touching grass, improved performance and well-being.
学术与组织心理学研究都表明,再说一次,『摸草』能提升表现和幸福感。
2488.77-2498.15
Outdoor nature exposure has improved task-related attention and reduced mental fatigue in students, and improved workers' recovery, stress reduction, and coping.
在户外亲近自然能提高学生的专注度、缓解心理疲劳,也能帮助职场人士恢复、减压与应对。
2498.93-2511.61
Put it another way: you were not created to spend your life behind a desk in an office or behind a desk in a school or behind a desk in front of a screen.
换句话说,你的人生不是为了永远坐在办公室、学校或屏幕前的桌子后面。
2512.71-2514.25
That last one is dating me.
最后这句暴露了我的年代感。
2514.25-2518.21
I know people use laptops now, but I was going with the desk theme.
我知道大家现在用笔记本,但我想维持『桌子』这个意象。
2518.87-2530.29
The point there is, you need to actually go outside, and go outside in a screen-free cont- like, take the headphones out, don't have your phone in front of you, enjoy nature sort of way.
重点是:真的走出去,脱离屏幕——拿掉耳机、别盯着手机,去享受自然。
2530.29-2533.91
Now, some of you live in better places for that, others don't.
当然,你们有人住的环境更方便,有人不那么方便。
2534.23-2538.15
But getting in the habit of going outside can be very helpful for a lot of things.
但养成走出去的习惯,对许多方面都有益处。
2538.53-2540.45
One, it can help you sort of mentally decompress.
首先,它能帮助你精神减压。
2540.45-2555.55
I will tell you, frequently, when I hit kind of writer's block in terms of scripting episodes, if I just walk around, even if I'm not intentionally thinking about whatever it is, that is frequently what I need to do to sort of clear up those mental blocks.
我自己写稿卡壳时,经常靠随便走走——哪怕不刻意思考——就能解开脑中的结。
2555.81-2570.88
And the reason has to do with complicated physical and psychological, uh, just the nature of humans as humans, that those different components, y- again-You weren't meant to just sit there and think.
原因与人体的生理、心理结构有关——人本来就不是只坐着思考的生物。
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In fact, we have this on good authority going all the way back to the ancient Greeks.
其实从古希腊时代起就有可靠传统。
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They had what were called the peripatetic teachers, people like Socrates, Plato, who would teach while walking.
当时的『逍遥学派』老师,如苏格拉底、柏拉图,都是边走边教。
2582.32-2583.50
That's what peripatetic means.
『Peripatetic』就是『走来走去』的意思。
2583.52-2586.36
I don't know why they didn't just say walking, but hey.
我也不知道他们为什么不用『walking』,不过随他去吧。
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Because there's this idea that when you walk and have conversation, I don't know, there's just something that engages you in a different way.
因为当你边走边谈,思维会被以另一种方式激活。
2593.22-2609.20
And I know certain people, especially if you have, like, attention problems, doing something where you can focus, by doing something mindless, and that might just be walking through nature, can often help that feeling of being overwhelmed and drawn in 20 different directions that can be totally exhausting by itself.
我知道一些注意力容易分散的人,通过做一件无需动脑的事情——比如在自然中散步——反而能集中注意力,缓解那种被二十个方向拉扯的疲惫。
2609.38-2615.24
So, as much as you're possible, as much as is possible for you, I should say, go outside.
所以,只要条件允许,尽量走到户外去。
2615.42-2617.28
Like, go spend time in nature.
去大自然里待一会儿。
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I think it's good for you.
这对你真的有好处。
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All right, the last point.
好了,最后一点。
2620.86-2623.52
Make space for God in silence.
在沉默中给神留空间。
2623.54-2631.18
I want to give you a few examples from the Bible on this, and the first one is a pretty famous story of Elijah, and this is from 1 Kings 19.
圣经里有几个例子。首先是以利亚的著名故事,见列王纪上十九章。
2631.28-2634.10
So Elijah has a lot going on in his life.
当时以利亚的生活一团乱。
2634.10-2635.58
His life is being threatened.
他的性命正受到威胁。
2635.70-2639.06
I'm gonna let you read the backstory to kind of how we got there.
详情我就留给你自己去读背景。
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But Elijah comes to a cave, and the Word of the Lord comes to him and says, What are you doing here, Elijah?
以利亚来到一个洞里,耶和华的话临到他说:「以利亚,你在这里做什么?」
2645.16-2659.86
And he says, I have been very jealous for the Lord, the God of Hosts, for the people of Israel have forsaken thy covenant, thrown down my altars and slain their prophets with the sword, and I, even I only am left, and they seek my life to take it away.
他说:「我为万军之耶和华大发热心;因为以色列人背弃你的约,拆毁你的坛,用刀杀了你的先知,只剩下我一个,他们还要寻索我的命。」
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So enter into that place.
设身处地体会一下这种处境。
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You've probably felt that sense that, I'm trying to stand up for what is right, and I feel completely alone.
你大概也体会过:我想为正义而战,却感到孤立无援。
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And that's where Elijah is, and our Lord is going to give him good advice.
以利亚就是如此,而主将给他好指引。
2676.94-2687.14
Not, Consume every look at these idiot prophets of Baal content, get more worked up, more upset, more outraged.
指引不是『去刷各种「看这帮巴力假先知」的视频,越看越气』。
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No.
不是这样的。
2687.42-2688.68
The outrages are real.
那些可恨的事确实存在,
2688.68-2697.14
I mean, everything he's talking about, there are real reasons to be outraged, but it's not good for him to stay in a state of perpetual outrage.
以利亚说的一切都有让人生气的理由,但长久处在愤怒状态并不好。
2697.22-2701.54
And so God says to him, Go forth and stand upon the mount before the Lord.
于是神对他说:「你出来站在山上在耶和华面前。」
2704.14-2705.62
And then these things happen.
随后发生了这样一些事:
2705.62-2712.88
Behold, the Lord passed by and a great and strong wind rent the mountains and broke in pieces the rocks before the Lord.
「耶和华从那里经过,在耶和华面前有裂山崩石的大风。」
2713.12-2715.20
But the Lord was not in the wind.
「耶和华却不在风中。」
2715.74-2717.10
And after the wind, an earthquake.
「风后有地震。」
2717.48-2718.92
But the Lord was not in the earthquake.
「耶和华却不在地震中。」
2719.16-2720.54
And after the earthquake, a fire.
「地震后有火。」
2720.56-2723.22
But the Lord was not in the fire.
「耶和华也不在火中。」
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And after the fire, a still small voice.
「火后有微小的声音。」
2727.28-2728.32
And Elijah is a prophet.
以利亚是先知,
2728.32-2730.54
He's used to discerning the voice of God.
他习惯分辨神的声音。
2730.84-2735.22
And so when Elijah hears the still small voice, only then does he come out.
当他听到那微小的声音,就出来了。
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He wraps his face in his mantle, goes out, and stands at the entrance of the cave.
他用外衣蒙上脸出去,站在洞口。
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And behold, there came a voice to him and said, What are you doing here, Elijah?
有声音向他说:「以利亚,你在这里做什么?」
2744.24-2754.40
So Elijah is attentive enough to discerning the voice of the Lord to know he's not gonna find God in the chaos, in the mighty wind, in the earthquake, in the fire.
以利亚明白,在风暴、地震、烈火的喧嚣中找不到神,
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He is going to instead find him in the still small voice.
只有在那微小的声音里才能找到。
2757.54-2762.14
Now we live in a culture that creates mighty winds, that creates earthquakes, that creates fires.
如今我们的文化不断制造狂风、地震、烈火般的喧嚣。
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I'm not making any weird conspiracy theory about weather control.
我不是在讲天气阴谋论,
2765.12-2766.70
I mean this metaphorically.
我是在打比方。
2767.02-2787.46
And we can become consumed by the avalanche of information, by the absolute tsunami of dissenting voices and news things that are encouraging us to work up an opinion, and especially get outraged about the latest and greatest or the latest and worst thing that has come down from on high.
信息雪崩、异见海啸、各种新闻推着我们非得立刻表态、马上愤怒,对此我们容易被吞没。
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But that is not where we find God.
可神不在那里。
2790.74-2795.08
We find God in those moments of quiet and peace, in that still small voice.
我们在安静和平之中、在那微小的声音里遇见神。
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Elijah points us to that.
以利亚向我们指出这一点。
2796.90-2798.86
But you know who else points us to that?
还有谁也这样指引我们?
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Jesus.
耶稣。
2800.42-2802.78
I give you several examples from the life of Christ.
下面举几个基督生平的例子。
2802.78-2806.40
The first is the story of Mary and Martha.
第一是马大和马利亚的故事。
2806.40-2817.98
Now if you remember the story, Jesus goes to his friends' Mary and Martha's house, and Martha is busy trying to do good things, but she's trying to do good things while she should be there with Jesus.
记得吗?耶稣到马大和马利亚家里,马大忙着做『好事』,却错过了与耶稣同在的时刻。
2817.98-2821.06
She's getting the house ready while the guest is there.
客人已经在家里,她还在收拾屋子。
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Mary, in contrast, is sitting at Jesus' feet, and Jesus is quite clear that Mary has chosen the better part.
而马利亚坐在耶稣脚前,耶稣明确说马利亚选择了『那上好的福分』。
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That even trying to do good things for God can become a distraction from actually stopping to listen to God.
连为神做『好事』都可能让人分心,不去停下来聆听神。
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And we would do well to analyze, What am I doing and who am I listening to if I'm not listening to God?
我们也该反思:如果我没在听神,我到底在做什么、在听谁?
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But then you have Christ's own passion.
再看基督自己的受难。
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He is tormented, people are mocking him, and he stays silent.
他被折磨,被人讥笑,却保持沉默。
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He goes on trial before Pilate, he's accused, and in the midst of all this chaos, he stays silent, and he's teaching us by his silence as much by his words.
他在彼拉多面前受审,被人控告,在喧闹中仍沉默——用沉默和言语同样教导我们。
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This is a point that I think Cardinal Sarah makes really well in his book, The Power of Silence: Against a Dictatorship of Noise.
Cardinal Sarah 在《沉默的力量:反对噪音独裁》一书中对此阐述得很好。
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He says, We often forget that Christ loved to be silent.
他说:「我们常忘记基督喜爱沉默。」
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He set out for the desert, not to go into exile but to encounter God.
「他进入旷野,不是为了流放,而是为了遇见神。」
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Now if you're celebrating Lent, this is very much the theme of Lent, going into the place of silence to be with God.
如果你正守四旬期,这正是四旬期的主题:进入沉默,与神相遇。
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Getting rid of all the distractions in life, all the material comforts that might keep us away from God, to be with God more.
摆脱生活中的各种干扰和可能让我们远离神的物质安逸,好能更多与神同在。
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And then he says, And at the most crucial moment in his life when there was screaming on all sides, covering him with all sorts of lies and calumnies, when the high priest asked him, 'Have you no answer to make?' Jesus preferred silence.
然后他写道:在耶稣一生最关键的时刻,四面八方都是尖叫、谎言和诽谤,大祭司问他「你什么都不回答吗?」耶稣仍选择了沉默。
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But then he warns, he says, This is a case of true amnesia.
接着他警告说:「这是真正的失忆症。」
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Catholics no longer know that silence is sacred.
公教徒已经不再知道沉默是圣洁的。
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It is God's dwelling place.
沉默是神的居所。
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And he asks, How can we recover the sense of silence as a manifestation of God?
他追问:我们怎样才能重新体会到沉默作为神显现的意义?
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This is the tragedy of the modern world.
这是现代世界的悲剧。
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Man separates himself from God because he no longer believes in the value of silence.In other words, it is very hard to be in a place where there's built-in silence and majesty.
人不再相信沉默的价值,于是把自己与神隔绝。换句话说,当一个地方本身充满静谧与庄严时,你很难不感受到神的存在。
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For instance, imagine a rural environment before you have the chaos of smartphones and satellites and everything else, where you're just alone with your thoughts.
举例来说,想像在智能手机、卫星等喧闹出现之前的乡村环境,你只能与自己的思绪独处。
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It's very hard in that environment not to know that God exists.
在那样的环境里,要不知道神存在其实很难。
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It is much easier, and you see this in the numbers, it's much easier in a big city where there's more chaos and distraction to be an atheist, because you can hide from silence a lot more effectively in a large urban area than you can in a rural one.
而在大城市里,要成为无神论者就容易多了——数据也证明这一点——因为相比乡村,城市里的喧嚣和干扰更多,让人更容易躲开沉默。
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Well, now with smartphones, you can hide from silence anywhere in the world.
如今有了智能手机,你在世界任何角落都能躲开沉默。
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You can be on a plane and have eight hours worth of movies, so you don't even have to be alone with your thoughts even there.
你在飞机上都能看八小时电影,连在那里都不用与自己的思绪独处。
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You don't even have to be alone with God even there.
更不用说在那里与神独处。
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That, whereas before we would say, Where can we hide from you, God?
以前我们会问:「神啊,我们能逃到哪里躲避你?」
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Now it's, Where, where can't we hide from you?
现在却成了:「有哪里是我们躲不开你的?」
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Where can we not run from silence?
哪里我们无法逃离沉默?
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Where can we not run from the voice of God?
哪里我们无法逃离神的声音?
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That still small voice, we can drown it out wherever we are, and that's a problem.
那微小的声音,不管身处何地,我们都能把它淹没,这就是问题。
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And we as Catholics, not just the rest of the world, we as Catholics can fall into that.
不只是外界,我们公教徒自己也会陷入这种处境。
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The last thing that Cardinal Sarah says, I mean, the last thing I'm gonna quote, he says more than this in the book, Without silence, God disappears in the noise, and this noise becomes all the more oppressive because God is absent.
我最后引用 Cardinal Sarah 的一段话,他在书里说得更多:「没有沉默,神便在噪音中消失;由于神缺席,这噪音就更具压迫性。」
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Unless the world rediscovers silence, it is lost.
若世界不重新发现沉默,它就会迷失。
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The Earth then rushes into nothingness.
届时大地将坠入虚无。
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And I would give that as kind of a bit of, if you want to call it Lenten encouragement or life advice, to just say, notice how noisy and chaotic your life is.
我把这当作一种四旬期的鼓励或人生建议:请留意你生活有多么喧闹与混乱。
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And again, maybe the noise and chaos isn't inherently evil, but it is inherently noisy and chaotic, and as a result, we should work to reduce it.
再次说明,喧闹和混乱本身或许不算邪恶,但它们终究是喧闹与混乱,因此我们应当努力减少。
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As a result, we should try to eliminate it from our lives, and at least create more spaces to hear that still small voice.
因此我们要尽量把它从生活中剔除,至少为听到那微小的声音腾出更多空间。
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I think if you take that practice seriously, if you reduce the amount of time you're scrolling, if you reduce the amount of time you're imbibing, uh, stuff designed to make you outraged, if you reduce the amount of time designed to make you hate people of a different political orientation than you, and you increase the amount of time you have for silence and for prayer, you will find your life is radically better.
我相信,如果你认真实行——减少刷屏时间;减少摄入那些专门让你愤怒、让你仇恨不同政治立场人士的内容;增加沉默与祷告的时间——你会发现生活大不相同,变得更好。
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I've never seen someone try that and come away saying, You know what?
我从没见过有人尝试后会说:「你知道吗?」
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I think I spent too much time in silence and prayer and not listening to talking heads on cable TV or reading controversial articles.
「我花在沉默和祷告上的时间实在太多了,没去看有线电视上的嘴炮或阅读争议文章,真是亏大了。」
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I's never seen it happen.
这事我一次都没见过。
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Maybe you'll be the first.
也许你会是第一个。
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If you are, I'd love to hear it.
如果真有,请告诉我,我很想知道。
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For Shameless Popery, I'm Joe Heschmeyer.
这里是「无耻教皇党」,我是 Joe Heschmeyer。
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Thank you and God bless you.
谢谢各位,愿神祝福你们。