从路德宗的角度来看，这里有五个理由说明婴儿在我们谈论婴儿洗礼时是可以相信的。 These are five reasons that infants can believe when we speak about infant baptism, specifically from a Lutheran perspective.
我在为婴儿洗礼辩护。 I'm arguing for infant baptism.
经常有人问这样的问题：但是婴儿不能相信，如果他们不相信，我们怎么能给婴儿施洗呢？ The question often comes up: But infants can't believe, so how can we baptize infants if they don't believe?
对此我们有几点回应，其中之一是我们给婴儿施 洗是因为应许，而不是因为我们知道他们相信。 Now, there are a couple of things to say in response to this, and one of these is we baptize infants because of the promise, not because we know that they believe.
但说到这里，我们要明白婴儿确实能够相信福音。 But with that being said, there is an understanding that infants can indeed actually believe the Gospels.
我知道这听起来有点奇怪，人们经常问这个问题：那么 ，你怎么知道婴儿能相信，或者婴儿怎么能相信呢？ I know this sounds kind of strange, and people often ask this question: Well, how do you know infants can believe, or how can an infant believe?
他们没有这样的理解能力。 They don't have the intellectual capacity to do so.
所以在这个视频中，我们要探讨这个问题。 So in this video, we're going to explore that.
我们要讨论婴儿信仰的五个不同方面，或者说圣经中关于婴儿信仰的五个不同证据。 We're going to discuss five different aspects of infant faith, or five different proofs of infant faith that come from Scripture.
我想首先要讨论的是这个自然而然会出现的问题：婴儿没 有我们这样的理解能力，那么我们怎么能说他们相信呢？ The first of those things I want to address is the question that naturally comes up, which is: Well, infants don't have the intellectual capacity that we have, so how can we possibly say that they believe?
我想说的是，我们都明白，即使在人没有积极地运用理 解能力去明确思考福音的时候，他们也是有信心的。 What I want to say is we all understand that people have faith even at times when they don't have an active intellectual capacity that is thinking about the Gospel explicitly.
我的意思是：如果你是个信徒，问问自己：你睡觉的时候有信心吗？ What I mean by that is this: if you are a believer, ask yourself the question: Do you have faith when you are asleep?
因为说我清醒的时候有信心，我在积极思考福音，我知道 耶稣为我的罪而死，我思考这一切的含义，这是一回事。 Because it's one thing to say, Yes, I have faith when I'm awake and I'm actively thinking about the Gospel, and I know that Jesus died for my sins, and I think through all the implications of that.
但是有些时候你仍然有信心，只是没有在积极地思考你的信心。 But there are times in which you still have faith, but you are not actively thinking about your faith.
睡觉时就是一个很好的例子，因为你不会突然失去信心；你睡觉的时候不会变成不信的人。 When you're asleep is a great example of that because you don't suddenly lose faith; you don't become an unbeliever while you're asleep.
这关乎你的本质状态和神造你的样式，这意味着你是重生的人； 即使你在睡觉，即使你的思维完全不活跃，你仍然是个信徒。 There's something about the state of who you are and who God has made you to be, which means that you are regenerate; you are a believer even if you are asleep, and even if your mind is not active at all.
即使你失去知觉或陷入昏迷，这也不会改变你有信心或你是基督徒的事实。 Even if you are unconscious or in a coma, that doesn't get rid of the fact that you have faith or that you are a Christian.
神学家们区分了直接的信心和反思的信心。 Theologians have made this distinction between fides directa and fides reflecta.
直接的信心是我们直接指向耶稣的信心，但这不是我 们成年人清醒时或思考神学时那种反思性的信心。 Fides directa is we have faith that is direct or directed toward Jesus, but it's not this reflective faith that we have as adults when we are awake or thinking about our theology.
换句话说，我们有信心，但我们也能反思这信心在我们生命中的实际意义。 In other words, we have faith, but we can also reflect on the reality of that faith in our lives.
我们能思考它的含义，想明白它意味着什么。 We can think through the implications of it, what that means.
但也有一种单纯直接的信心；就是对基督的信心。 But there is also a faith that is just direct; it is faith in Christ.
这种信心也许不能反思自身是什么或意味着什么，但它是真实的信心。 That faith maybe cannot reflect on itself, what it is, or what it means, but it is a real and true faith.
第二点要说的是，信心不是人的工作，而是神的工作和圣灵的恩赐。 The second point to make is that faith is not a human work, but it is in fact a work of God and a gift of the Holy Spirit.
我想我们可以从圣经的几处经文看到这一点。 Now we can go to several places in Scripture, I think, that demonstrate this.
其中一段经典的经文是弗二8-9，经上说：「你们得救是本乎恩，也因着信 ；这并不是出于自己，乃是神所赐的；也不是出于行为，免得有人自夸。」 One classic passage dealing with this is Ephesians 2:8-9, which says, You know, this is not of yourselves; this is not of works, lest anyone should boast.
这是神的恩赐。 It is the gift of God.
这恩赐包含了之前所说的一切；不仅仅是恩典，而是整个包含 了恩典、信心的完整礼物——这一切都是从神而来的恩赐。 This gift encompasses everything that is stated before that; it's not just the grace, but this is a whole package: grace, faith—this is all a gift that is divine.
这信心是恩赐的主题在圣经其他地方也有显明。 Now, this theme of faith being a gift can be shown in other places in Scripture as well.
我们只需要看到这个事实：信心被视为圣灵的工作，是神所做的事。 We just have to look at the fact that faith is seen as a work of the Spirit, as something that God does.
例如，在约翰福音六章44节，耶稣说：「若不是 差我来的父吸引人，就没有能到我这里来的。」 For example, in John 6:44, Jesus says, No man can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him.
所以这是神的工作；这是使人信主的超自然工作。 So there is this divine work; there is the supernatural work in bringing people to the faith.
如果我们相信信心确实是超自然的恩赐，如果这不仅仅是人的工作，而是神亲 自参与并在个人里面创造的，那么我们怎能说神不能把这恩赐赐给婴儿呢？ Now, if we believe that faith is indeed a supernatural gift, if it is something that is not just a human work but something that God is intimately involved in doing and creating within the individual, then who are we to say that God cannot give that gift to an infant?
如果信心只是人的反思或人的工作，或是人意志的结果，那么当然 ，婴儿可能无法相信，因为他们没有我们这样的理解力或意志。 If faith were just human reflection or human work or a result of human will, then sure, it may be impossible for an infant to believe because they don't have the same kind of intellect or will that we have.
但如果我们明白这是神的工作，是圣灵的恩赐，那么我们当然可以说，神的灵可以 把这恩赐赐给他所愿意赐给的人，我们认为他确实能够也确实把这恩赐赐给婴儿。 But if we understand that it is the work of God, that it is a gift of the Holy Spirit, then certainly we can say that the Spirit of God can give that gift to whoever He wills to give it, and we argue that He can indeed and does give it to infants.
现在，第三个原因是我们在新约中有一个非常清楚的婴儿信心的例子。 Now, the third reason is we have a very clear example of infant faith in the New Testament.
还有其他婴儿信心的例子，但最广为人知的是施洗约 翰的例子，因为他是新约中一个非常重要的人物。 There are other examples of infant faith as well, but the one that’s most popular is the example of John the Baptist because he’s a very significant figure in the New Testament.
在路加福音第一章中有几段不同的经文谈到这一点。 We have a couple of different texts in Luke chapter 1 that speak about this.
这是在路加福音第一章14节。这是对撒迦利亚关于施洗约翰出生的预 言：天使对他说：「你必欢喜快乐，有许多人因他出世也必喜乐。」 This is in Luke chapter 1, verse 14. Here’s the prophecy to Zechariah speaking about the birth of John the Baptist: the angel says to him, And you will have joy and gladness, and many will rejoice at his birth.
所以我们这里有这个给施洗约翰的父亲撒迦利亚 的预言，说他的儿子从母腹里就被圣灵充满。 So we have this prophecy here that’s given to Zechariah, the father of John the Baptist, that his son is going to be filled with the Holy Spirit even from the womb.
所以神显然从那时起就在施洗约翰身上动工。 So God clearly is doing a work in John the Baptist even from that point.
然后我们看到马利亚拜访伊利莎白的这个事件。 We have then this instance where Mary visits Elizabeth.
那时，马利亚将要生下耶稣，而伊利莎白怀着施洗约翰。 Now, Mary is going to be giving birth to Jesus, and Elizabeth now is pregnant with John the Baptist.
圣经告诉我们发生了这事：那时，马利亚起身，急忙往山地里 去，来到犹大的一座城，进了撒迦利亚的家，问伊利莎白安。 We are told that this happens: Now Mary arose in those days and went into the hill country with haste to a city of Judah and entered the house of Zechariah and greeted Elizabeth.
伊利莎白一听马利亚问安，所怀的胎就在腹里跳动，伊利莎白且被圣灵充满。 And it happened when Elizabeth heard the greeting of Mary that the babe leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.
所以我们看到施洗约翰跳动；他听到他主的母亲的声音，因为他知 道耶稣在那里，而且通过这在腹中的跳动，圣灵充满了他的母亲。 So we have a leaping of John the Baptist; he hears the voice of the mother of his Lord because he knows that Jesus is present, and the Holy Spirit then fills his mother through this leaping in the womb.
这明显是一个信心的例子。 This is clearly an example of faith.
这婴孩甚至在母腹中就能有如此大的喜乐，以至于因马利亚的声音而跳动。 The infant is even able to, in the womb, have joy to such an extent that he leaps because of the voice of Mary.
这并不需要说明施洗约翰有什么特别的理解能力或其他什么。 Now, that doesn’t have to say anything about John the Baptist's particular intellectual capacity or anything like that.
我相信当他还是胎儿的时候，这种能力是非常有限的。 I'm sure it was pretty minimal while he is a fetus.
但即使在那个年龄，即使在母腹中，圣灵的工作就已 经通过信心表现出来，甚至因耶稣的信息而跳动。 But even at that age, even as one in the mother’s womb, there’s this work of the Spirit that expresses itself in faith and even leaping because of the message of Jesus.
这向我们证明神能够而且确实通过他的圣灵在婴儿身上动工。 So this demonstrates to us that God can and does work through His Holy Spirit even in infants.
这种模式不仅出现在施洗约翰身上，在众先知身上 也很常见；你看到他们从母腹中就被分别出来。 This pattern is not just there in John the Baptist, but this is something that’s common in the prophets; you see them being set apart from the womb.
神在母腹中就认识他们。 God knows them even in the womb.
比如你在耶利米身上就看到这一点。 You see this with Jeremiah, for example.
这种先知的呼召在施洗约翰身上得到呼应，这是圣 灵在婴儿身上动工产生信心最明确和清晰的例子。 So this prophetic calling is echoed in John the Baptist, and here is the most explicit and clear example that the Spirit has worked faith in this infant.
所以如果我们承认圣灵能在施洗约翰这样的人身上行这奇 妙的工作，为什么他不能在我们的孩子身上也这样做呢？ So if we acknowledge that the Spirit can do this miraculous work in someone like John the Baptist, why can He not do it in our children as well?
第四个原因是诗篇中有见证说到婴儿、少年和小孩信靠以色列的神。 The fourth reason is because there are testimonies in the Psalms that speak about infants, youth, and young children trusting in the God of Israel.
这一点很重要，因为诗篇是以色列全体百姓一起唱的。 Now, this is really important because the Psalms were sung by the corporate people of Israel.
虽然这些是个人的信息，比如大卫写了许多诗篇，讲 述他个人的经历，但这些从来都不是仅仅个人的。 While they are individual messages, while David, for example, who writes many of the Psalms, is speaking about his personal experience, these are never meant to be just personal.
这是要反映以色列全体百姓聚在一起用同样的话语敬拜时的共同心声。 This is meant to be the reflection of the entirety of the people of Israel as they all come together and worship with these same corporate words.
我首先要读的是诗篇七十一篇。这篇没有标明是大卫的诗；我们 不确切知道谁写的诗篇七十一篇。诗篇七十篇是大卫的诗，诗篇 七十二篇是所罗门的诗，但对于诗篇七十一篇，我们不太确定。 The first thing I want to read is Psalm 71. Now, this is not listed as a Psalm of David; we don't know exactly who wrote Psalm 71. Psalm 70 is a Psalm of David, Psalm 72 is a Psalm of Solomon, and for Psalm 71, we’re not exactly sure.
但这篇特别的诗讲到在人生不同年龄和阶段对神的信靠，甚至追溯到童年时期。 But this particular Psalm speaks about trust in God at different ages and stages of one’s life, even going back to childhood.
第四节说：「我的神啊，求你救我脱离恶人的手，脱离不义和残暴之人的手。」 So it says this in verse 4: Deliver me, O my God, out of the hand of the wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous and cruel man.
「主耶和华啊，你是我所盼望的，从我年幼你是我所倚靠的。」 For you are my hope, O Lord God; you are my trust from my youth.
我自出母胎就被你扶持；使我出母腹的是你。 By you, I have been upheld from birth; you are He who took me out of my mother's womb.
我要常常赞美你。 My praise shall be continually of you.
然后他继续谈到老年，整篇诗篇都贯穿着在人生不同时期盼望神、信靠神的主题。 Then he goes on to speak about old age, and there’s this continual theme of hoping in God and trusting in God throughout this Psalm at different times of life.
诗人还多次提到他的年少时期，但这里清楚表明诗人与耶和华的关系从出生就开始了。 There are other references to the youth of the psalmist as well, but what is clear here is that there is this relationship expressed between the psalmist and Yahweh that begins even from birth.
是神使这孩子出生，他在年幼时期，在成长的岁月中都一直信靠神。 God is the one who has brought this child forth in birth, and he has trusted in God throughout his youth, throughout his time growing up.
所以很明显这里期待着这个孩子，这个小孩子，神 是他的神，他将会也确实终身信靠神，直到老年。 So it’s clear that there is an expectation here that the child, the young child, God is his God, and he will trust and does trust in God throughout his life, even unto old age.
但这一切从他年幼就开始了。 But it begins in his youth.
在诗篇中有一段更清楚地说明婴儿时期就有信心的经文，这就是诗篇二十二篇。这篇诗 很有名，因为这是耶稣在十字架上引用的诗篇：「我的神，我的神，为什么离弃我？」 There is an even clearer statement that there is faith in infancy in the Psalms, and this is Psalm 22. Psalm 22 is very famous because it’s the Psalm that Jesus cites when He’s on the cross: My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?
特别是在这篇诗的第九和第十节，谈到诗人从出生就与神有关系。 But particularly in this Psalm, in verses 9 and 10, there are statements about the psalmist’s relationship with God even from birth.
经上说：「但你是叫我出母腹的；我在母怀里，你就使我有倚靠的心。」 It says this: But you are He who took me out of the womb; you made me trust while on my mother’s breasts.
「我自出母胎就被交在你手里；从我母亲生我，你就是我的神。」 I was cast upon you from birth; from my mother’s womb, you have been my God.
所以诗人在这里说，神从他出生就是他的神，是神使他信靠。 So the psalmist is saying here that God has been his God even from birth, and God made him trust.
你看到这里表明信心是神所赐的恩典。 You see that notion there of faith being this divine gift that God has worked.
神在婴儿身上动工；神在以色列的孩子身上动工，使这孩子能够相信。 God has worked in the infant; God has worked in the child in Israel so that this child could believe.
这种关系甚至在母腹中、在吃奶的时候就已建立。 This relationship has been established even in the womb and even while in the age of breastfeeding.
要记住，这是以色列民众共同的诗歌。 Remember, this is the corporate song of Israel.
以色列人知道这些诗篇；他们认识并且在唱这些诗篇。 The people of Israel know these Psalms; they know and they are singing these Psalms.
所以这表明神甚至从婴儿时期就与他的子民建立了这种关系。 So there is a recognition that God has established this relationship with His people even from infancy.
所以这里我们有两段清楚的经文，讲到神与他子民的关系， 圣灵的工作，以及这些蒙召要信靠神的人对神的信心回应。 And so here we have two clear texts that speak about God’s relationship with His people, the work of the Spirit, and the faith of those people in response to God, whom they are called to trust in.
现在第五个证明婴儿确实能够也确实有信心的证据是耶稣那 个很有名的事例，就是他给人带到他面前的孩子们祝福。 Now the fifth proof that infants do and can indeed have faith is the instance of Jesus, which is very famous, where He blesses the children who are being brought to Him.
这个事例在马太福音和路加福音中都有记载。 This instance is recorded in Matthew's Gospel as well as in Luke's Gospel.
我要读这两段记载。 I'm going to read both of these accounts.
我们在路加福音中特别看到这包括婴孩，但让我们先从马太福音 十八章1-6节开始。然后我们再看路加福音中的平行经文。 We see it especially outlined in Luke's Gospel that this does include infants, but let's begin with Matthew 18, verses 1-6. Then we'll look at the parallel text in the Gospel of Luke.
马太福音十八章1-6节：当时，门徒进前来，问耶稣说：「天国里谁是最大的？」 Matthew 18:1-6: At that time, the disciples came to Jesus, saying, 'Who is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?'
耶稣便叫一个小孩子来，使他站在他们当中，说... And calling to Him a child, He put him in the midst of them and said...
所以我们确实看到这里有孩子与信心之间的联系。 So we do see that there is this connection here with the child and faith.
事实上，那个孩子是信心的榜样，我们要像小孩子那样接受信心。 In fact, that child is an example of faith, and we are to receive the faith just as a little child would and does.
他说到这些信他的小子。 He speaks of little ones who believe in Him.
这里用来指孩子的词是paideia，意思是幼童。 Now, the term here that is used to refer to children is paideia, which means young children.
这不一定指婴儿，但可以指婴儿或幼童。 It doesn't necessarily mean infants, but it could reference an infant or a young child.
在路加福音十八章15-17节有一段平行经文，说：「有人抱着婴孩来见耶稣。」 There’s a parallel text now in Luke 18, verses 15-17, where he says this: Now they were bringing even infants to Him.
我们再次看到救恩与孩子之间的这种联系，当他们被带到耶稣面前 时，他按手在他们身上，给他们祝福，说神的国正属于这样的人。 We see again that there is this connection between salvation and children, that as they are brought to Jesus, He lays His hands upon them, He blesses them, and to them belongs the kingdom of God.
换句话说，他们是神的国的子民。 In other words, they are citizens of the kingdom of God.
现在，真正有趣的是路加用了一个不同的词。 Now, what’s really interesting is that Luke uses a different term.
他没有用更普遍的paideia，而是用了brephe这个词，这特指婴儿。 He doesn’t use paideia, which is a little more general, but he even includes the term brephe, which is a specific reference to infants.
所以我们看到在耶稣自己的生平中有这个很明确的例子，他谈到婴儿是如何相信的。 So we see that there is a very explicit reference in the life of Jesus Himself in this instance where He speaks about how infants do believe.
事实上，包括婴儿在内的孩子们是信心的榜样，他们能进入神的国。 In fact, children, including infants, are the example of faith, and they can enter into the kingdom of God.
所以这只是重申了我们在所有这些不同经文和地方所看到的：是圣灵在动工产生信心。 So this just reiterates what we’ve seen in all of these various other texts and places: that the Holy Spirit is the one who works faith.
如果圣灵愿意动工，他可以在他所愿意的任何地方动工。 If the Holy Spirit desires to work, He can work wherever He pleases to do so.
我们在圣经中看到这许多例子，无论是从诗篇，施洗约翰的生平，还 是这些被带到耶稣面前的孩子的例子，都表明婴儿确实能够相信。 We see these numerous instances in Scripture, whether it’s from the Psalms, the life of John the Baptist, or the example of these children being brought to Jesus, that infants can indeed believe.
神已经与他们建立了关系；他爱他们。 God has established His relationship with them; He loves them.
他把他们带进天国。 He brings them into the kingdom of heaven.
现在，这并不意味着他们的信心在理解神学深奥真理方面与我们的信心是一样的。 Now, that doesn’t mean that their faith is of the same kind as ours in the sense that they can think about the deep truths of theology.
但正如耶稣所说，即使像芥菜种子那样大的信心也能得救。 But as Jesus says, even faith the size of a mustard seed saves.
即使是这么小的一点信心也是神所赐的。 Even that tiny little bit of faith is what God has given.
神已经赐给他们信心。 God has given them faith.
是的，他们可能没有我们这样的理解能力，但这不在于人的意志；这是神的工作。 No, they may not have the intellectual capacity that we have, but it’s not up to the human will; it is a work of God.
圣经在这个问题上很清楚：神能够而且确实藉着他圣 灵的能力赐下信心的恩赐，即使是给年幼的婴儿。 Scripture is really clear on this issue: that God can and does grant the gift of faith by the power of His Spirit, even to young infants.
这就是我对婴儿信心问题的解释。 So there’s my explanation of the issue of infant faith.
我们可以讲得更深入，但我想做一个简短的五个理由的视频。 We could get a lot more in depth, but I wanted to do a quick five reasons video on this.
如果你有任何其他问题或评论，或者想让我更深入 地探讨一些反对意见之类的，我也可以这样做。 If you have any other questions or comments or want me to delve deeper into some objections and things like that, I can do that as well.
但现在，非常感谢你的观看。 But for now, thanks so much for watching.
如果你还没有的话，请点赞订阅，发表评论，做这些好事，我们下个视频再见。 If you haven’t already, like and subscribe, comment, all of that good stuff, and we’ll see you in the next video.
愿神赐福！ God bless!