Transcript
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The Church's teaching on the Blessed Virgin Mary can be a stumbling block for many converts to the faith.
公教会关于蒙福的童贞女马利亚的教导,对许多改信的人来说可能是个绊脚石。
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For some, it seems unbiblical or unwarranted, and to others, it can be even downright idolatrous.
在一些人看来,这不合圣经、也没有根据;对另一些人来说,甚至简直是偶像崇拜。
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Devotion to Mary, some will say, distracts from devotion to Christ.
有人会说,对马利亚的敬奉会分散人对基督的敬奉。
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But what we come to find within the Church's practice is that devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary is in accord with the revelation of Scripture and the plan of God.
但公教会的实际做法让我们看到:对蒙福的童贞女马利亚的敬奉,和圣经的启示以及神的计划是一致的。
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So consider some initial arguments for the Church's practice.
所以,我们先来看看支持公教会这种做法的一些初步理由。
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Each of us has a mother in the order of nature.
在自然的秩序里,我们每个人都有母亲。
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Why not then in the order of grace?
那为什么在恩典的秩序里就不可以呢?
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For indeed, we have a mother in Heaven.
因为我们在天上确实有一位母亲。
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Shall the devoted religious heart live without a woman to love?
敬虔的心难道要没有一位可以去爱的女子吗?
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We also notice that Christian language is very heavy on family life.
我们也会注意到,基督教的语言很强调家庭生活。
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God reveals Himself as a provident Father, and Jesus Christ refers to Himself as the Son of God.
神把自己启示为一位眷顾人的父,耶稣基督也称自己是神的儿子。
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Why shouldn't there then be a mother in our spiritual life?
那为什么我们的属灵生命里不应该也有一位母亲呢?
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We also pause to note that love is not either/or.
我们也该停下来想一想,爱不是二选一。
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When we're born into this world, we don't have to choose whether or not we love our mother or our father more.
当我们来到这个世界的时候,我们并不需要选择更爱妈妈还是更爱爸爸。
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Spiritual love is not a scarce commodity.
属灵的爱不是稀缺资源。
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But rather, by loving generously, we have more with which to love.
相反,我们越慷慨去爱,就越有更多可以去爱。
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True devotion to Mary, in fact, ensures a deeper fidelity to Christ and to His plan for our lives.
事实上,对马利亚的真诚敬奉,会让我们更深地忠于基督和他对我们生命的计划。
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So then, let's take a moment to consider the central mysteries of Mary's life.
那么,我们花一点时间来思考马利亚一生当中的几个核心奥秘。
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Before all else, we hail her as the Mother of God.
首先,我们称她为神的母亲。
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This is the greatest grace accorded to the Virgin, for it speaks to what is most distinct and important about her, namely that the second Person of the Holy Trinity, the only begotten Son of the Father, took flesh in her womb.
这是赐给这位童贞女的最大恩典,因为这正指出了她最独特、最重要的身份:三位一体的第二位格、圣父的独生子在她腹中取了肉身。
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Mary welcomed the incarnation on behalf of humanity by speaking the words, Let it be done unto me according to Thy word.
马利亚代表全人类迎接了道成肉身,说:「我是主的使女,情愿照你的话成就在我身上。」
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Now, to best fulfill her role as the Mother of the Redeemer, the Lord fills her with every grace and blessing.
为了让她最好地完成她作为救赎主之母的角色,主用各样的恩典和祝福充满了她。
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Mary enjoys the greatest degree of grace and glory of any saint, because she has the most exalted vocation, to bear the God Man.
在所有圣徒当中,马利亚享有最高程度的恩典和荣耀,因为她的呼召最崇高——要怀孕生下那位神人。
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We might say that God loves her more than anyone else, for He gives her the greatest of graces.
可以这么说,神比谁都更爱她,因为他把最大的恩典赐给了她。
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We can appreciate how this fits within the divine plan, such that Mary has a very great degree of grace and glory so that she can conceive our Lord in holiness and surround Him with devotion.
我们也能明白,这样正合乎神的计划:马利亚领受了极大的恩典和荣耀,好让她在圣洁中怀上我们的主,并以全心的敬奉来侍奉他。
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As Dante once wrote, She has the face that most resembles that of Christ.
正如但丁曾写道:「她的容颜最像基督。」
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As a result, Mary is exempt from every sin, even light faults, what we might call venial sins.
因此,马利亚免于一切罪,连轻微的过犯都没有,也就是我们所说的轻罪。
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Additionally, the Church teaches that she miraculously remained a virgin before, during, and after the Nativity of our Lord.
此外,公教会还教导说,她在我们主诞生的前、中、后,都奇迹般地保持童贞。
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We call this doctrine that of perpetual virginity.
我们把这项教义称为「永久童贞」。
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What is more, we profess that Mary was immaculately conceived.
更进一步,我们宣认马利亚是无原罪成胎。
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That is to say that she never contracted original sin.
也就是说,她从来没有沾染过原罪。
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Mary was preserved from all stain of sin from the first moment of her conception.
从她受孕的第一刻起,马利亚就被保守,免于一切罪污。
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We profess that she was saved by the foreseen merits of her Son.
我们宣认,她因着神预见到她儿子的功劳而得救。
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So, where most, nay, all, are liberated from the effects of sin and from original sin, Mary was preserved.
因此,别人——不,所有人——是从罪的后果和原罪里被解救出来;而马利亚则是被保守,免于其害。
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As the French author George Bernanos once said, Mary is younger than sin.
正如法国作家乔治·伯尔南诺斯曾说过的:「马利亚比罪还年轻。」
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The next doctrine to which we devote our attention, then, is that of the Assumption.
接下来我们要留意的教义是「蒙召升天」。
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We pause to recognize that Christ rose from the dead and ascended into Heaven.
我们先停下来承认,基督从死里复活,又升到天上。
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And because of His great love, He does not suffer His beloved to know corruption.
因为他的大爱,他不让他所爱的人见朽坏。
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And as He loves Mary most, He affords her a privileged share in His exaltation.
而他最爱马利亚,就让她特别分沾他被高举的荣耀。
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So, she is assumed body and soul into Heaven to reign gloriously with her Son.
因此,她灵魂与身体一同被接到天上,与她的儿子一同在荣耀中作王。
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Let's turn now to consider the practice of praying to the Blessed Virgin Mary.
现在我们来谈谈向蒙福的童贞女马利亚祈祷的做法。
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What do we say to venerating her and the saints and asking them to intercede on our behalf?
对于敬奉她和众圣,并求他们为我们代求,我们该怎么看?
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We can appreciate how the description of Mary's graces begins to get at why we might venerate and pray to her, for her grace is not only for herself, it is for the whole Church.
从我们对马利亚恩典的描述里,可以看出我们为什么会敬奉并向她祈求,因为她所领受的恩典不只是为她自己,也是为整个教会。
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Consider that scene at the foot of the Cross, where our Lord pauses to address His mother and His beloved disciple.
想想十字架下那一幕:我们的主停下来,对他的母亲和他所爱的门徒说话。
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In that exchange, He encourages St. John to behold His mother.
在那段对话里,他嘱咐圣约翰看他的母亲。
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There, we recognize that Mary is not only the Mother of God, she has truly become the mother of the Church.
在那里我们看见,马利亚不只是神的母亲,她确实也成了教会之母。
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So just as she received the grace to form the God Man in her womb, so she has the grace to form us after the pattern of her Son.
因此,正如她领受恩典在腹中孕育那位神人,她也领受恩典把我们按着她儿子的样式塑造。
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Listen to the very beautiful words of Saint Louis de Montfort: Mary is called by Saint Augustine, and is in fact, the living mold of God.
听听圣路易·德·孟福那句很美的话:「奥古斯丁称马利亚为神的活模子;事实上,她确实如此。」
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In her was the God Man formed, and in her alone can man become like unto God.
「在她那里,神人成形;也唯有在她那里,人才能变得像神。」
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Whoever is in this mold and allows himself to be shaped there takes on the appearance of Jesus Christ.
「凡进入这模子、让自己在那里被塑形的人,都会带上耶稣基督的样式。」
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So it's for this reason that we pray to Mary to intercede for us.
所以,我们才为这个缘故向马利亚祈求,为我们代求。
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We pause to recognize that God could carry out all of His plans directly.
我们也要承认,神完全可以直接成就他的一切计划。
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The incarnation, the redemption, sanctification of souls, all of this He could do without coworkers or instruments.
无论是道成肉身、救赎,还是使人灵魂成圣,他都可以不借助任何同工或器皿就完成。
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But He deems it better to involve men in His divine plan, because in so doing, He imparts to us the very dignity of causing, of acting as secondary instruments or secondary causes in His divine work.
但他认为把人纳入他的计划更好,因为这样一来,他就把作因的尊严赐给我们,使我们在他的工作里作为次要的器皿或次要的原因。
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And so the Lord uses intermediaries, not because He needs them, but because He is good.
因此,主使用中间的器皿,不是因为他需要他们,而是因为他良善。
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And so we appeal to Mary and the saints to intercede on our behalf, namely that they apply the merits of their lives and that they might continue to work within God's plan for our salvation.
因此,我们求马利亚和众圣为我们代求,也就是求他们把他们一生的功劳应用在我们身上,并继续在神为我们得救的计划里工作。
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What is more, the saints have promised to help.
此外,众圣还应许要帮助我们。
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As Saint Therese said as she lay dying, I want to spend my Heaven doing good on Earth.
正如圣女小德兰在临终时所说:「我要把我在天上的时光用来在地上行善。」
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And as Saint Dominic said to his brothers before his death, Do not weep for me, for I will be of more use to you after my death.
又如圣道明在临终前对弟兄们说:「不要为我哭泣,因为我死后会对你们更有帮助。」
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And so, in addition to asking the saints' intercession, we also venerate them, because God has made the saints glorious, and so they're worthy of our veneration.
因此,除了求众圣代求之外,我们也敬奉他们,因为神使众圣荣耀,所以他们配得我们的敬奉。
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Here, we acknowledge a difference between the adoration and sacrifice which pertains to God alone and the kind of veneration which is proper to the saints.
在这里,我们承认有分别:敬拜和献祭只归于神,而圣徒当得的是另一种敬奉。
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So part of belonging to a church means to be drawn in bonds of charity with others.
所以,属于教会的一部分,意味着与别人被爱心的纽带连在一起。
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We're part of a mystical body with Christ as our head, and we go to God together.
我们是一个以基督为元首的奥秘身体的一部分,一同归向神。
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Some are especially inspiring and encouraging, and these become our patrons and our intercessors, our beloved saints.
其中有些人特别激励人、鼓舞人,他们就成了我们的主保和我们的代祷者——我们所爱的圣徒。
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Devotion is, after all, a matter of friendship as these saints accompany us through our Christian lives and to the praise and worship of God.
毕竟,敬奉归根到底是友谊的事;这些圣徒在我们的基督徒生命里一路相伴,把赞美和敬拜都归给神。