Transcript
0.08-4.44
Have you ever heard people claim, Jesus never said anything about homosexuality?
你有没有听过有人说:「耶稣从来没有谈过同性恋」?
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This is supposed to shut down Christians and make them think they shouldn't care about sexual morality because Jesus allegedly never cared enough to say anything about it.
这种说法的目的,就是想让基督徒闭嘴,让他们觉得既然耶稣好像都不在乎性道德问题,自己也不需要在意。
12.78-17.98
But in today's episode, I'm gonna show everything that's wrong with this argument and how you should respond to it.
但在今天的节目里,我会告诉你这个论点哪里有问题,以及你应该怎么回应。
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So my immediate response is just ask the question, Why does that matter?
所以我第一反应就是直接问:「这有什么关系?」
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I then point out the assumption the person is making.
接着我会指出对方背后的假设。
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If Jesus didn't condemn something, that means Jesus condoned it, but that's obviously false.
他们的假设是:如果耶稣没有谴责某件事,就等于耶稣认同它。但这显然是错的。
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Jesus didn't say anything about incest, bestiality, or child sacrifice, but that doesn't make those behaviors moral.
耶稣没有谈过乱伦、兽交或者献童为祭,但这并不代表这些行为就是对的。
40.32-54.00
Even the Episcopalian Bishop Gene Robinson, who's in a legal marriage with another man, admits that when it comes to Jesus' silence on homosexuality, quote, One cannot extrapolate affirmation of such relationships from that silence.
就连英国圣公会的主教 Gene Robinson——他和另一位男性合法结婚——都承认,关于耶稣对同性恋的沉默,他说:「我们不能因为耶稣没有说什么,就推断他肯定了这种关系。」
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Robinson instead claims that all, quote, We can safely and responsibly conclude from Jesus' silence is that he was silent on the issue.
Robinson 反而说:「我们唯一可以安全、负责任地从耶稣的沉默中得出的结论,就是他在这个问题上保持了沉默。」
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Once again, does that mean all we can safely and responsibly conclude about Jesus' silence on incest, bestiality, or child sacrifice is that Jesus was silent on those issues?
那这样说的话,难道我们也只能对耶稣没有谈论乱伦、兽交或献童为祭的问题,得出「他只是沉默」这个结论吗?
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Because you can know what someone thinks about a particular issue if you know enough about that person's foundational views.
因为如果你足够了解一个人的基本立场,你其实可以知道他对某些问题的看法。
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And when it comes to Jesus' foundational views on sexuality, we know that he was the furthest right arch conservative of his day.
说到耶稣在性道德上的基本立场,我们知道他在当时其实是最保守、最严格的。
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Jesus literally made the Pharisees look like a bunch of liberals.
耶稣甚至让法利赛人看起来都像自由派一样。
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First, Jesus rooted himself in the morality of the Old Testament, and we know the Old Testament's prohibitions of homosexual behavior are part of the perpetually binding moral law rather than a temporary ritual law.
首先,耶稣的道德观完全扎根于旧约,而我们知道旧约对同性行为的禁止,是属于永远有效的道德律法,不是暂时性的礼仪律法。
109.36-115.60
Leviticus 18:22 that condemns homosexual acts is placed between moral laws, not ceremonial ones.
利未记18章22节谴责同性行为,这一条是夹在道德律法之间,而不是礼仪律法里。
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Verse 20 condemns adultery, verse 21 condemns child sacrifice, and verse 23 condemns bestiality.
第20节谴责奸淫,第21节谴责献童为祭,第23节谴责兽交。
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Leviticus also prescribes capital punishment for this crime, which it doesn't do for mere violations of the ritual law.
利未记还规定这种罪要处以死刑,而一般的礼仪律法违犯是没有这种惩罚的。
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Finally, Leviticus makes it clear that actions like adultery, bestiality, and same-sex relations were part of the moral law that also applied to non-Jews.
最后,利未记很清楚地表明,像奸淫、兽交和同性行为这些事,是属于道德律法,也适用于非犹太人。
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Only Jews were expected to follow things like the dietary laws.
只有犹太人才需要遵守饮食律法之类的规定。
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God had even judged the other pagan nations for engaging in these defilements and expelled them from the land for doing so, as is seen in Leviticus 18:24-25.
神甚至因为其他外邦民族犯了这些污秽的事而审判他们,把他们从那地赶出去,这在利未记18章24-25节里可以看到。
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But Jesus didn't just uphold these moral laws, he strengthened them.
但耶稣不仅维护了这些道德律法,他还把它们提升得更严格。
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Jesus said in the Sermon on the Mount, Think not that I have come to abolish the law and the prophets.
耶稣在登山宝训里说:「不要以为我来是要废掉律法和先知。」
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I have come not to abolish them but to fulfill them.
「我来不是要废掉,乃是要成全。」
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In the parable of the Good Samaritan, Jesus taught that loving your neighbor refers to everyone, not just fellow Israelites.
在好撒马利亚人的比喻里,耶稣教导我们,爱邻舍是指爱所有人,不只是以色列同胞。
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Jesus commanded the love of enemies, condemned lust as a type of adultery, and condemned anger as a type of murder.
耶稣命令人要爱仇敌,把淫念定为奸淫,把愤怒定为杀人。
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And Christ did the same thing with sexual ethics.
在性道德上,基督也是这样做的。
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He called the people of God to an even higher standard than what they were held to before.
他呼召神的子民要遵守比以前更高的标准。
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Although it is amazing to me the lengths that liberal theologians will go to to try and turn Jesus into a ventriloquist dummy for their own agenda.
不过让我感到惊讶的是,一些自由派神学家为了自己的主张,竟然会想方设法把耶稣变成他们的「腹语木偶」。
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In his book, Radical Love: Introduction to Queer Theology, Patrick Cheng claims, Radical love is ultimately about love.
Patrick Cheng 在他的书《Radical Love: Introduction to Queer Theology》里声称,激进的爱归根结底就是爱。
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Which, as St. Paul teaches us, is 'patient and kind' and 'not envious, boastful, arrogant, or rude.' As such, radical love is premised upon safe, sane, and consensual behavior.
正如圣保罗教导我们的,爱是「恒久忍耐,又有恩慈;爱是不嫉妒,不自夸,不张狂,不作害羞的事」;所以,激进的爱必须建立在安全、理智和双方同意的基础上。
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But the real Jesus condemned at least one sexual behavior that modern people usually consider to be safe, sane, and consensual: remarriage after divorce.
但真正的耶稣至少谴责了一种现代人通常认为「安全、理智、双方同意」的性行为:离婚后再婚。
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And because Jesus did that, we know what principles grounded his sexual ethics, and through those principles, we can safely conclude what Jesus believed about the morality of homosexual behavior.
正因为耶稣这样做了,我们就知道他性道德观背后的原则,也能据此合理推断他对同性行为的道德看法。
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In the first century, there was a debate among the Jews over when divorce was permissible.
在第一世纪,犹太人之间就离婚何时可以发生有过争论。
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Deuteronomy 24:1 allowed a husband to divorce his wife if, quote, She finds no favor in his eyes because he has found some indecency in her.
申命记24章1节允许丈夫在「若见妻子有甚么不合理的事,不喜悦她」的时候,可以休妻。
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The two most important figures in this debate were the rabbis Hillel and Shammai, who founded two opposing schools of thought among the Pharisees.
这场争论中最重要的两位人物是拉比希列和沙买,他们在法利赛人中分别创立了两种对立的学派。
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The followers of Hillel believed divorce could be justified for almost any reason or indecency, including a wife accidentally ruining her husband's dinner.
希列的门徒认为,几乎任何理由或「不合理的事」都可以成为离婚的理由,甚至包括妻子不小心把丈夫的饭菜弄坏了。
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The followers of Shammai, on the other hand, said divorce was only permissible in the case of adultery.
而沙买的门徒则认为,只有在奸淫的情况下才可以离婚。
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The Pharisees brought this debate to Jesus by asking him this question, Is it lawful to divorce one's wife for any cause?
法利赛人把这个争论带到耶稣面前,问他:「人无论什么缘故都可以休妻吗?」
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Instead of siding with one group of the Pharisees over another, Jesus answered them by going back to a more fundamental law.
耶稣没有站在某一派法利赛人那边,而是回到更根本的律法来回答他们。
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He said, Have you not read that He who made them from the beginning made them male and female, and said, 'For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one'?
他说:「那起初造人的,是造男造女,并且说:『因此,人要离开父母,与妻子连合,二人成为一体。』你们没有念过吗?」
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So they are no longer two, but one.
「既然如此,夫妻不再是两个人,乃是一体了。」
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What therefore God has joined together, let not man put asunder.
「所以神配合的,人不可分开。」
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In this answer, Jesus presented an interpretation of the moral law that was stricter than the strictest of the Pharisees.
在这个回答里,耶稣对道德律法的解释比最严格的法利赛人还要严格。
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No sin could dissolve the marriage bond God created.
没有任何罪可以解除神所设立的婚姻关系。
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In response, the Pharisees brought up Deuteronomy's provision for divorce, to which Jesus replied, For your hardness of heart Moses allowed you to divorce your wives, but from the beginning it was not so.
法利赛人又提到申命记允许离婚的规定,耶稣回答说:「摩西因为你们心硬,所以许你们休妻,但起初并不是这样。」
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And I say to you, whoever divorces his wife, except for unchastity, and marries another, commits adultery, and he who marries a divorced woman commits adultery.
「我告诉你们,凡休妻另娶的,若不是为淫乱的缘故,就是犯奸淫了;有人娶那被休的妇人,也是犯奸淫了。」
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The unchastity, or sometimes labeled adultery exception, is controversial, and many people rush to a false conclusion regarding it.
这里所谓的「淫乱」或「奸淫」例外,是有争议的,很多人对此很容易得出错误的结论。
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This can't refer simply to adultery because the Greek word for adultery, moicheia, is not used in this verse.
这里不能单纯指奸淫,因为希腊文里「奸淫」是 moicheia,但这节经文用的不是这个词。
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Instead, Matthew describes Jesus using the Greek word for general sexual immorality, porneia.
马太用的是 porneia 这个词,指的是更广泛的性不道德行为。
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Some scholars think Jesus was referring to an invalid marriage between relatives that could be dissolved because of its intrinsically sinful nature.Or Jesus might have meant that a man can remarry if he divorced his wife during the period between the initial marriage ceremony and the marriage's consummation, which could be as long as a year in the ancient world, because of the reason of adultery.
有些学者认为,耶稣指的是亲属之间无效的婚姻,因为本身就是罪,可以解除;或者耶稣的意思是,在古代婚礼和圆房之间可能有长达一年的间隔,如果在这期间因奸淫而离婚,男人可以再婚。
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This would make sense for this variant of the verse to appear in Matthew's Gospel, because Joseph considered doing just that in the beginning of Matthew's work, until an angel assured Joseph to take Mary as his wife into his home.
这也解释了为什么马太福音会有这样的说法,因为马太一开始就记载了约瑟曾考虑在婚礼和圆房之间休掉马利亚,直到天使劝他把马利亚娶进家里。
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Whatever the exception means, the parallel passage in the Gospel of Mark leaves no doubt as to Jesus' teaching about remarriage after divorce.
无论这个例外具体指什么,马可福音里的平行经文对耶稣关于离婚后再婚的教导毫无疑问。
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Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her, and if she divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery.
「人若休妻另娶,就是犯奸淫,辜负了妻子;妻子若离弃丈夫另嫁,也是犯奸淫了。」
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Some people try to diffuse the force of Jesus' teaching by saying He's only being ironic, because wives were never allowed to divorce their husbands in the ancient world.
有些人试图淡化耶稣教导的力度,说他只是在讽刺,因为在古代妻子根本不能主动离婚。
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But although wife-initiated divorce was rare in the ancient Near East, it wasn't unheard of.
但其实在古代近东,虽然妻子主动离婚很少见,但并不是完全没有。
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Exodus 21:10-11 describes how a slave married to her master can leave her master without paying any sort of penalty if he fails to provide for her needs, including marital rights.
出埃及记21章10-11节描述了一个女奴如果嫁给了主人,而主人不能满足她的需要,包括婚姻上的权利,她可以离开主人,不需要付出任何代价。
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A second-century divorce certificate, in Hebrew called a get, addressed to a husband from his wife was discovered in the Judaean Desert in 1951.
1951年,在犹太旷野发现了一份二世纪的离婚证书,用希伯来文称为 get,是妻子写给丈夫的。
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The text said the following.
这份证书的内容如下:
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I, Shelomziin, daughter of Joseph Kebshun of Ein Gedi, with you, Eleazar son of Hananiah, who had been the husband before this time, that this is from me to you a bill of divorce and release.
「我,隐基底的约瑟·克布顺之女 Shelomziin,与你,哈拿尼雅之子以利亚撒,曾为夫妻,现在我写给你这份离婚和解除婚约的文书。」
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According to David Instone-Brewer in his study on divorce and remarriage in the Bible, quote, Normally women would not write a divorce certificate such as this one, but they would ask a court to persuade their husbands to write one.
根据 David Instone-Brewer 在他关于圣经中离婚与再婚的研究中说:「通常女性不会自己写这样的离婚证书,而是会请求法庭劝说丈夫写一份。」
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Perhaps this non-rabbinic practice was influenced by the Greco-Roman world where women could initiate divorce, as wealthy Jewish women in the first century are known to have done.
也许这种非拉比传统的做法是受希腊罗马世界影响,因为在第一世纪,富有的犹太妇女确实有主动离婚的例子。
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Jesus did not care if second marriages were, as Chang puts it, Safe, sane and consensual.
耶稣并不在乎再婚是否像 Cheng 所说的「安全、理智、双方同意」。
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Jesus also didn't quibble with his opponents about possible exceptions in the Deuteronomic Code.
耶稣也没有和反对者在申命记的例外条款上争论。
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Jesus instead went all the way back to creation itself and rooted the morality of sex in the permanent life-giving nature of marital love that God designed in our own bodies.
耶稣反而直接回到创造本身,把性道德的根基放在神在我们身体里设立的、婚姻之爱那种永久且赋予生命的本质上。
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If Jesus condemned what critics would today call harmless thoughts, lust, or what they would call finding your soulmate, which is really adulterous remarriage, because if Jesus condemned these because they violated that permanent design found in the one flesh union that only exists between a man and a woman, then there is absolutely no way Jesus would have affirmed the use of our sexual organs outside of that marital context within same-sex relationships.
如果耶稣谴责了那些批评者今天会称为「无害的想法」、淫念,或者他们所谓的「寻找灵魂伴侣」——其实就是通奸式的再婚——因为这些都违背了神在一男一女合为一体的婚姻里设立的永久设计,那么耶稣绝不可能认同在婚姻之外、在同性关系里使用性器官。
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Finally, we don't know if Jesus never said anything about homosexuality, because Jesus said many things that are not recorded in scripture.
最后,我们其实不能确定耶稣是否真的从未谈论过同性恋,因为耶稣说过很多话并没有记载在圣经里。
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John 21:25 says, But there are also many other things which Jesus did.
约翰福音21章25节说:「耶稣所行的事还有许多。」
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Were every one of them to be written, I suppose that the world itself could not contain the books that would be written.
「若是一一都写出来,我想所写的书就是世界也容不下了。」
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When St. Paul was in Ephesus, he spoke to the elders of the churches there, exhorting them to provide for the needs of the church in Jerusalem.
当圣保罗在以弗所时,他对那里的教会长老讲话,劝勉他们供应耶路撒冷教会的需要。
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He then said to them, In all things I have shown you that by so toiling one must help the weak, remembering the words of the Lord Jesus, how he said, 'It is more blessed to give than to receive.' Acts 20:35.
他又对他们说:「我凡事给你们作榜样,叫你们知道应当这样劳苦,扶助软弱的人,又当记念主耶稣的话,说:『施比受更为有福。』」(徒20:35)
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Even though Paul relates this saying of Jesus in a way that suggests it was well known, that saying is not recorded in the Gospels.
虽然保罗引用耶稣这句话时,显然大家都很熟悉,但这句话在福音书里并没有记载。
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This is one indication of how some of Jesus' teachings were not written in the accounts of his life, but were passed down through other means, including unwritten ones that we call sacred tradition.
这就说明,耶稣的一些教导并没有写在他生平的记载里,而是通过其他方式流传下来,包括我们称为圣传的口传传统。
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Granted, there's no sacred tradition that describes specific words of Jesus that are not also recorded in scripture.
当然,目前并没有哪条圣传记载了耶稣说过、但圣经没有记载的具体话语。
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But what matters is what Jesus taught about homosexuality, not the specific words he may have said on the matter.
但关键在于耶稣关于同性恋的教导,而不是他是否说过某些具体的话。
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And since there is an unbroken tradition of Christians condemning same-sex behavior from the very beginning of the church's history, we can safely conclude this tradition comes from Jesus himself.
而且,自教会历史一开始,基督徒就一直谴责同性行为,这个传统从未中断,所以我们可以合理推断,这个传统就是来自耶稣本人。
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And check out the link in the description below where I engage those who claim the tradition is not unbroken and that the medieval church sanctioned same-sex weddings.
你也可以点击下方描述里的链接,看看我如何回应那些声称这个传统并非一直延续、甚至说中世纪教会允许同性婚礼的说法。
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It would be bizarre if Jesus approved of homosexual behavior only to have all of his followers teach the opposite, including St. Paul, whom Jesus personally chose as an apostle and inspired author of Scripture, but who clearly condemns homosexual behavior in Romans Chapter 1 and First Corinthians Chapter 6. Finally, many people call Christians who hold to the natural view of sexuality hateful or judgmental.
如果耶稣真的认同同性行为,却让所有门徒都教导相反的内容,包括他亲自拣选为使徒、默示写下圣经的圣保罗——而保罗在罗马书第1章和哥林多前书第6章里都明确谴责了同性行为——那就太荒谬了。最后,很多人说坚持自然性观的基督徒是仇恨或论断别人。
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But in Jesus' time, the hateful attitude was to leave the lost alone and let them suffer their fate.
但在耶稣的时代,真正的仇恨态度是对迷失的人不管不问,让他们自生自灭。
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The Pharisees condemned Jesus because he dined with tax collectors and prostitutes and he called them to repentance when the Pharisees would have preferred just ignoring them.
法利赛人谴责耶稣,因为他和税吏、妓女一起吃饭,还呼召他们悔改,而法利赛人宁愿对这些人视而不见。
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But Jesus reminded them, Those who are well have no need of a physician, but those who are sick.
但耶稣提醒他们:「康健的人用不着医生,有病的人才用得着。」
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I came not to call the righteous, but sinners.
「我来本不是召义人,乃是召罪人。」
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New Testament professor Robert Gagnon puts it well in his book about the Bible and homosexuality.
新约学者 Robert Gagnon 在他关于圣经与同性恋的书里说得很好。
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What was distinctive about Jesus' ministry was not that he refused to make judgments about the conduct of others, or even that he lowered his moral standards.
耶稣的事工之所以特别,并不是因为他拒绝对别人的行为作出判断,也不是因为他降低了道德标准。
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On the contrary, in many areas he elevated those standards.
相反,在很多方面他反而把标准提高了。
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What was distinctive was his incredibly generous spirit, even toward those who had lived in gross disobedience to God for years.
他真正特别之处,是他极其宽厚的心肠,哪怕对那些多年悖逆神的人也是如此。
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He expended enormous effort and exhibited great compassion in the search for the lost.
他为寻找迷失的人付出了极大的努力,展现了极大的怜悯。
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Jesus did not wait for the lost to come to him.
耶稣不是等着迷失的人来找他。
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He went looking for them.
他主动去寻找他们。
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I hope this episode was helpful for you.
希望这期节目对你有帮助。
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If you'd like to learn more about this topic, check out Robert Gagnon's book, The Bible and Homosexual Practice, or my book, Counterfeit Christs: Finding the Real Jesus Among the Impostors.
如果你想更深入了解这个话题,可以看看 Robert Gagnon 的《The Bible and Homosexual Practice》,或者我的《Counterfeit Christs: Finding the Real Jesus Among the Impostors》。
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Thank you so much for watching, and I hope you have a very blessed day.
非常感谢你的收看,祝你有美好的一天,愿神赐福你。