Transcript
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I've seen lots of people online saying Adolf Hitler wasn't really so bad, or that the Holocaust was just a myth.
我看到网上很多人说阿道夫·希特勒其实没那么坏,或者说大屠杀只是个神话。
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This has been spurred on by interviews from people who downplay what the Nazis did during World War II. So, in today's episode, I'll talk about what's wrong with Holocaust denial and why Christians should reject this malicious form of pseudo-history.
这都是因为一些人在采访中轻描淡写纳粹在第二次世界大战期间所做的事情。所以,在今天的节目中,我将讨论否认大屠杀的错误之处,以及为什么基督徒应该拒绝这种恶意的伪历史。
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But first, we need to define our terms.
但首先,我们需要明确一些概念。
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Holocaust denial occurs when someone actively or by conspicuous omission denies that the Nazi regime systematically and intentionally murdered, along with other people, approximately six million Jews in an attempt to wipe out the Jewish race, and that they used instruments like gas chambers to do this.
否认大屠杀是指有人主动或通过明显的遗漏,否认纳粹政权系统性地、蓄意地谋杀了大约六百万犹太人(以及其他一些人),试图灭绝犹太民族,并且他们使用了毒气室等工具来实施这些行为。
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Now, some deniers boldly proclaim the Holocaust as a myth, but others are more subtle.
现在,有些否认者大胆宣称大屠杀是个神话,但另一些人则更隐晦。
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For example, when Tucker Carlson interviewed podcaster Darrell Cooper on World War II, Cooper claimed that Churchill was the chief villain of World War II, and only describes the Nazis humanely killing prisoners they couldn't feed allegedly because of low supplies.
比如,当塔克·卡尔森采访播客主持人达雷尔·库珀谈论第二次世界大战时,库珀声称丘吉尔是二战的主要反派,并且只描述了纳粹“人道地”杀害那些据称因为物资短缺而无法喂养的囚犯。
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They launched a war where they were completely unprepared to deal with the millions and millions of prisoners of war, of local political prisoners and so forth that they were gonna have to handle.
他们发动了一场战争,却完全没有准备好如何处理数百万战俘、当地政治犯等等,这些都是他们必须处理的。
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They went in with no plan for that, and they just threw these people into camps and millions of people ended up dead there.
他们对此毫无计划,只是把这些人扔进集中营,结果数百万人死在那里。
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We don't have the food to feed these people.
我们没有食物来喂养这些人。
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And one of them actually says, Rather than wait for them all to slowly starve this winter, wouldn't it be more humane to just finish them off quickly now?
其中一个人甚至说:与其让他们在这个冬天慢慢饿死,不如现在就快速了结他们,这样不是更人道吗?
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Of course, one could only reach that conclusion about Winston Churchill and the Nazis if you denied the Nazis intentionally tried to exterminate the Jews, which makes Cooper a Holocaust denier by omission, and Tucker Carlson an odd interviewer for not asking an obvious follow-up question, like, What about the evidence for gas chambers or the Nazis' plan to exterminate the Jews?
当然,只有否认纳粹蓄意灭绝犹太人,才能得出关于温斯顿·丘吉尔和纳粹的这种结论,这使得库珀成为一个通过遗漏来否认大屠杀的人,而塔克·卡尔森则是一个奇怪的采访者,因为他没有问一个显而易见的后续问题,比如:毒气室的证据或者纳粹灭绝犹太人的计划又怎么解释呢?
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More overt Holocaust deniers say only a few hundred thousand Jews died of disease and starvation brought on by the bombing of German supply lines, and they explicitly say there were no gas chambers and there was no plan to eliminate the Jews.
更公开的否认大屠杀的人则说,只有几十万犹太人死于疾病和饥饿,这些都是德国补给线被轰炸造成的,他们明确表示没有毒气室,也没有消灭犹太人的计划。
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Here's a classic articulation of active Holocaust denial by former SSPX bishop Richard Williamson in a 2009 interview.
以下是前圣庇护十世祭司兄弟会主教理查德·威廉姆森在2009年的一次采访中,对主动否认大屠杀的经典表述。
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The bishop said he believed only 300,000 Jews died in World War II and not as part of a deliberate policy.
这位主教说,他认为二战中只有三十万犹太人死亡,而且这并非蓄意政策的一部分。
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I believe that the historical evidence is hugely against six million Jews having been deliberately gassed in gas chambers as a deliberate policy of, uh, Adolf Hitler.
我相信,历史证据极力反对六百万犹太人被阿道夫·希特勒蓄意用毒气室毒死的说法,认为那并非一项蓄意政策。
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The interview aired the same day Pope Benedict XVI lifted Williamson's excommunication for having been illicitly consecrated a bishop back in 1988.
这次采访播出的同一天,教宗本笃十六世解除了威廉姆森的绝罚,他曾在1988年非法祝圣为主教。
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This ignited a media backlash which prompted the Pope to demand Williamson publicly recant his views on the Holocaust before he could serve as a bishop again.
这引发了媒体的强烈反弹,促使教宗要求威廉姆森公开收回他对大屠杀的看法,然后才能再次担任主教。
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He didn't, and after being expelled from the SSPX, Williamson was excommunicated again in 2015 for illicitly consecrated bishops without papal approval.
他没有收回,在被圣庇护十世祭司兄弟会开除后,威廉姆森于2015年再次被绝罚,因为他未经教宗批准非法祝圣主教。
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Pope Benedict XVI said in response to the controversy involving Williamson, The hatred and contempt for men, women, and children that was manifested in the Shoah, the Holocaust, was a crime against God and against humanity.
教宗本笃十六世在回应涉及威廉姆森的争议时说:「在浩劫(大屠杀)中表现出来的对男人、女人和儿童的仇恨和蔑视,是对神和人类的犯罪。」
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This should be clear to everyone, especially to those standing in the tradition of the Holy Scriptures, according to which every human being is created in the image and likeness of God.
这一点对每个人都应该清楚,特别是对那些秉持圣经传统的人来说,因为圣经教导每个人都是按照神的形象和样式被造的。
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It is beyond question that any denial or minimization of this terrible crime is intolerable and altogether unacceptable.
毫无疑问,任何否认或轻视这一可怕罪行的行为都是不可容忍和完全不能接受的。
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And Pope Francis has likewise said, The remembrance of that extermination of millions of Jews and people of other faiths can neither be forgotten nor denied.
教宗方济各也同样说过:「对数百万犹太人和其他信仰者被灭绝的记忆,既不能被遗忘,也不能被否认。」
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Now, what the Popes say about Holocaust denial is not an article of faith, but it is prudential advice about something that relates to basic human decency.
现在,教宗们关于否认大屠杀的言论并非信条,而是关于基本人类尊严的审慎建议。
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And Christians should, at the very least, be decent people.
基督徒至少应该做个正派人。
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Denying the suffering of millions of people and their surviving families is an indecent thing to do.
否认数百万受害者及其幸存家属的苦难,是一种不体面的行为。
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Holocaust denial is wrong for the same reason all genocide denial is wrong.
否认大屠杀是错误的,就像否认所有种族灭绝都是错误的道理一样。
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Denial further victimizes the people group who risked extermination, it raises the perpetrators to a sinful, idolatrous status, and it makes future genocidal acts more likely by downplaying the reality of how dehumanizing language contributes to atrocity.
否认会进一步伤害那些面临灭绝危险的群体,它将施暴者提升到一种有罪的、偶像崇拜的地位,并且通过淡化非人化言语如何导致暴行的现实,使得未来的种族灭绝行为更有可能发生。
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And that applies to all genocides.
这适用于所有种族灭绝。
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For example, Dan Bilzerian, a social media influencer with over a million followers who believes the Jews are behind 9/11, has criticized the nation of Israel for denying the Armenian genocide that involved Turkish Muslims forcing Armenian Christians into things like death marches that killed over a million people between 1915 and 1917.
例如,拥有超过一百万粉丝的社交媒体影响者丹·比尔泽里安,他认为九一一事件是犹太人幕后策划的,他曾批评以色列否认亚美尼亚种族灭绝,那次事件发生在1915年至1917年间,土耳其穆斯林强迫亚美尼亚基督徒进行死亡行军等,导致超过一百万人死亡。
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They, like, constantly refer to the Holocaust when they're the biggest Holocaust deniers on the planet.
他们好像总是提到大屠杀,但他们自己却是这个星球上最大的大屠杀否认者。
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They deny the Armenian Holocaust, which, you know, like half my people got wiped out, half your people got wiped out.
他们否认亚美尼亚大屠杀,你知道,就像我一半的族人被消灭了,你一半的族人也被消灭了。
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They deny that.
他们否认这一点。
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Bilzerian is correct that the Israeli national government refuses to acknowledge the Armenian genocide.
比尔泽里安说得没错,以色列国家政府确实拒绝承认亚美尼亚种族灭绝。
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They do this to maintain diplomatic relations with Turkey, a nation that was founded on the effects of that genocide.
他们这样做是为了维持与土耳其的外交关系,而土耳其这个国家正是建立在那次种族灭绝的影响之上的。
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However, more centrist Israeli politicians like Yair Lapid of the minority Yesh Atid party do recognize the genocide and want Israel to change its policy on the matter.
然而,像少数党未来党(Yesh Atid)的亚伊尔·拉皮德这样更中间派的以色列政治家确实承认这次种族灭绝,并希望以色列改变在这件事上的政策。
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But if it's wrong for Israel to deny the Armenian genocide, then it's wrong to deny the Jewish genocide during the Holocaust.
但是,如果以色列否认亚美尼亚种族灭绝是错误的,那么否认大屠杀期间的犹太人种族灭绝也是错误的。
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Just because Israel does something bad doesn't justify doing something bad to Jewish people in general.
仅仅因为以色列做了一些坏事,并不能证明对犹太人做坏事是正当的。
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And as I said, almost all genocides and mass killings involve denial, which is why denial is so wrong.
正如我所说,几乎所有的种族灭绝和大规模屠杀都涉及否认,这就是为什么否认是如此错误。
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It's an accomplice to an unspeakable evil that hurts past victims and threatens future victims.
它是不可言说的邪恶的帮凶,伤害了过去的受害者,也威胁着未来的受害者。
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For example, historians agree that the Japanese military committed unspeakable atrocities, including rape, torture, and mass murder, during the 1937 massacre of Nanjing in China that resulted in 200,000 civilian deaths in six weeks.
例如,历史学家们一致认为,日本军队在1937年中国南京大屠杀期间犯下了滔天罪行,包括强奸、酷刑和大规模谋杀,导致六周内二十万平民死亡。
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But the Japanese government has downplayed the event in textbooks, and some radical Japanese authors say the Nanjing massacre never happened at all.The reason this is so evil is because it's motivated by an either idolatrous love of Japan, a malicious hatred of the Chinese, or many cases, both.
但日本政府在教科书中淡化了这一事件,一些激进的日本作家甚至说南京大屠杀根本没有发生过。这种行为之所以如此邪恶,是因为它要么是出于对日本的偶像崇拜式的爱,要么是对中国人的恶意仇恨,很多情况下两者兼而有之。
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And the same is true of Holocaust denial.
否认大屠杀也是如此。
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It's often motivated by an idolatrous love of Germany or the Nazis, which was condemned in Pope Pius XI's 1937 encyclical, Mit Brennender Sorge, or it's motivated by a malicious antipathy towards Jewish people.
它通常是出于对德国或纳粹的偶像崇拜式的爱,这在教宗庇护十一世1937年的通谕《带着燃烧的忧虑》中受到了谴责;或者它是出于对犹太人的恶意反感。
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This antipathy is often evident in the person being willing to believe Jews committed things like organized ritual murder in the Middle Ages based on flimsy or no historical evidence, but that same person being unwilling to believe that Jews were the victims of organized murder in spite of massive evidence for that proposition.
这种反感常常体现在,一个人愿意相信犹太人在中世纪犯下了有组织的仪式性谋杀等罪行,尽管这基于微不足道甚至没有历史证据;但同一个人却不愿意相信犹太人是有组织谋杀的受害者,尽管有大量证据支持这一说法。
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So now that we've seen why Holocaust denial is morally wrong, let's talk about why it's factually wrong.
既然我们已经看到了为什么否认大屠杀在道德上是错误的,那么现在我们来谈谈为什么它在事实上也是错误的。
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It's wrong because the evidence overwhelmingly supports the view that approximately six million Jews, along with other ethnic groups, were systematically killed by the Nazis using methods like gas chambers.
它是错误的,因为有压倒性的证据支持这样的观点:大约六百万犹太人以及其他族群被纳粹系统性地杀害,使用了毒气室等方法。
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And the strongest evidence for this claim comes from the Nazis themselves, who kept meticulous records of their plans and actions.
而这一说法最有力的证据来自纳粹自己,他们对自己的计划和行动都做了详细的记录。
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Here's just some of the evidence.
这里只是一些证据。
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Hitler's 1925 manifesto, Mein Kampf, painted the Jews as a danger to the social order and he wrote, The nationalization of the masses can be successfully achieved only if, in the positive struggle to win the soul of the people, those who spread the international poison among them are exterminated.
希特勒1925年的宣言《我的奋斗》将犹太人描绘成社会秩序的危险,他写道:「只有在争取人民灵魂的积极斗争中,将那些在他们中间散布国际毒素的人消灭掉,才能成功实现群众的民族化。」
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In January of 1939, Hitler addressed the German National Parliament saying if Jews started another world war, the result would be, quote, The annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe.
1939年1月,希特勒在德国国民议会发表演讲,称如果犹太人发动另一次世界大战,结果将是「欧洲犹太民族的灭绝」。
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After the invasion of Poland in September of that year, Hitler signed a note personally authorizing Geste des Todes, mercy death for incurable hospital patients.
同年九月入侵波兰后,希特勒亲笔签署了一份文件,授权实施「死亡姿态」(Geste des Todes),即对无法治愈的住院病人实施安乐死。
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Nazi doctors used rooms filled with carbon monoxide to kill mass numbers of sick patients.
纳粹医生使用充满一氧化碳的房间,大规模杀害患病病人。
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This program was called Action T4 and Nazi scientists like August Brecker in secret memos detailed how to operate gas vans that would suffocate victims in the cargo area.
这个计划被称为T4行动,纳粹科学家如奥古斯特·布雷克尔在秘密备忘录中详细描述了如何操作毒气车,这种车会在货舱内使受害者窒息。
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Part of the memo said, During the gassing, all the men were to be kept as far away from the vans as possible so they should not suffer damage to their health by any escaping gases.
备忘录的一部分写道:「在毒气施放期间,所有人员都应尽可能远离车辆,以免因任何逸出的气体而损害健康。」
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The Action T4 doctors were later transferred to use their gassing methods in the concentration camps.
T4行动的医生后来被调往集中营,在那里使用他们的毒气方法。
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Mark Weber is director of the Institute of Historical Review, the world's most famous Holocaust denial organization.
马克·韦伯是历史评论研究所的主任,这是世界上最著名的否认大屠杀的组织。
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But even he admits, quote, No informed person disputes that Europe's Jews did in fact suffer a great catastrophe during the Second World War.
但即使他也承认,引用一下:「没有一个知情人士会质疑,欧洲的犹太人在第二次世界大战期间确实遭受了巨大的灾难。」
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Millions were forced from their homes and deported to brutal internment in crowded ghettos and camps.
数百万人被迫离开家园,被驱逐到拥挤的贫民区和集中营,遭受残酷的拘禁。
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Jewish communities across Central and Eastern Europe, large and small, were wiped out.
中欧和东欧的犹太社区,无论大小,都被彻底摧毁。
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Millions lost their lives.
数百万人丧生。
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When the war ended in 1945, most of the Jews of Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, and other countries were gone.
1945年战争结束时,德国、波兰、荷兰和其他国家的大部分犹太人都不在了。
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He continues, A major reason for the lack of success in persuading people that conventional Holocaust accounts are fraudulent or exaggerated is that, as revisionists acknowledge, Jews in Europe were in fact singled out during the war years for especially severe treatment.
他接着说,未能成功说服人们相信传统大屠杀叙述是虚假或夸大的一个主要原因是,正如修正主义者所承认的,欧洲犹太人在战争年代确实受到了特别严厉的对待。
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This was confirmed, for example, by German propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels in these confidential entries in his wartime diary.
例如,德国宣传部长约瑟夫·戈培尔在他战时日记中的这些秘密条目证实了这一点。
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Weber then quotes from Goebbels' diary.
韦伯随后引用了戈培尔的日记。
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February 14th, 1942: The Führer once again expresses his resolve ruthlessly to clear the Jews out of Europe.
1942年2月14日:元首再次表达了他要无情地将犹太人清除出欧洲的决心。
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There must be no squeamish sentimentalism about it.
对此绝不能有任何矫情的伤感。
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The Jews have deserved the catastrophe that they are now experiencing.
犹太人罪有应得,他们现在正在经历的灾难是他们自找的。
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Their destruction will go hand-in-hand with the destruction of our enemies.
他们的毁灭将与我们敌人的毁灭同步进行。
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We must hasten this process with cold ruthlessness.
我们必须冷酷无情地加速这一进程。
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March 27th, 1942: The Jews are now being deported to the east from the General Government Poland, starting around Lublin.
1942年3月27日:犹太人现在正从波兰总督区被驱逐到东方,从卢布林附近开始。
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The procedure is a pretty barbaric one and not to be described here more definitely, and there's not much left of the Jews.
这个过程相当野蛮,不便在此详细描述,犹太人所剩无几了。
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April 29th, 1942: Short shrift is being made of the Jews in all eastern occupied territories.
1942年4月29日:在所有东部被占领土上,犹太人正在被迅速处理。
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Tens of thousands of them are being wiped out.
成千上万的人正在被消灭。
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And in spite of denying the Holocaust, Weber does not deny Joseph Goebbels' diary being authentic.
尽管韦伯否认大屠杀,但他并不否认约瑟夫·戈培尔日记的真实性。
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He does not consider it a forgery.
他不认为那是伪造的。
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But we have even more evidence than this because the Nazis also made these kinds of declarations in public venues.
但我们还有更多的证据,因为纳粹也在公共场合发表过这类声明。
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In October of 1943, SS commander Heinrich Himmler gave speeches in Posen, Poland where he admitted to the Holocaust.
1943年10月,党卫军指挥官海因里希·希姆莱在波兰波森发表演讲,他在演讲中承认了大屠杀。
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He said, I am now referring to the evacuation of the Jews, the extermination of the Jewish people.
他说:「我现在指的是犹太人的撤离,犹太民族的灭绝。」
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It's one of those things that is easily said.
这是那些很容易说出口的事情之一。
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The Jewish people are being exterminated says every party member.
每个党员都说犹太民族正在被灭绝。
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This is very obvious.
这非常明显。
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It's in our program.
这在我们的计划里。
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Elimination of the Jews, extermination, we're doing it.
消灭犹太人,灭绝,我们正在做。
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A small matter.
小事一桩。
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Himmler also said the Holocaust has made us tough and is a glorious chapter that has not and will not be spoken of, end-quote, which shows how the Nazis intended on keeping this program a secret.
希姆莱还说,大屠杀让我们变得坚韧,这是一个光荣的篇章,过去没有,将来也不会被提及,这表明纳粹打算将这个计划保密。
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However, a recording of Himmler giving this speech has been found and Holocaust deniers agree it is authentic.
然而,希姆莱发表这次演讲的录音已被找到,否认大屠杀的人也承认其真实性。
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Here he says-
他在这里说——
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Which in English means, The Jewish people are being exterminated.
这在英语中是「犹太民族正在被灭绝」的意思。
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And in a speech given in 1944, Himmler said, This concerns especially the Jewish women and children.
在1944年的一次演讲中,希姆莱说:「这尤其关系到犹太妇女和儿童。」
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To allow the children to grow into the avengers who will then murder our children and our grandchildren, that would have been cowardly.There were also aerial photographs of open pits burning thousands of bodies and secret photographs of corpse burning taken inside the camps, and original blueprints designating the use of gas chambers at Auschwitz.
让这些孩子长大成为复仇者,然后谋杀我们的孩子和孙子,那将是懦弱的。还有空中拍摄的焚烧数千具尸体的露天坑洞照片,以及在集中营内拍摄的秘密焚尸照片,以及奥斯维辛集中营毒气室使用的原始蓝图。
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Nazi memos detailed that the crematory at Auschwitz could incinerate 4,756 people a day.
纳粹备忘录详细记载,奥斯维辛集中营的焚尸炉每天可以焚烧4756具尸体。
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Crematoria and mass disposal of bodies in pits would only be needed for mass exterminations, not disposing of people who die naturally from things like disease.
焚尸炉和在坑中大规模处理尸体只在进行大规模灭绝时才需要,而不是处理那些因疾病等自然死亡的人。
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There were also Nazi memos ordering steel mesh protected thick glass peepholes for gas chamber doors, which wouldn't be needed if the chambers were just for delousing clothes.
还有纳粹备忘录命令为毒气室的门安装钢网保护的厚玻璃窥视孔,如果这些房间只是用来给衣服消毒,就不需要这些窥视孔了。
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Instead, peepholes were for seeing if the victims were dead and steel mesh inside kept the victims from breaking the glass.
相反,窥视孔是为了查看受害者是否死亡,里面的钢网则防止受害者打破玻璃。
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Finally, there are hundreds of eyewitness testimonies.
最后,还有数百份目击者证词。
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In trials from 1945 well into the 1960s, Nazi officials admitted to their crimes and did not later say they were tortured into giving false confessions.
在从1945年一直持续到1960年代的审判中,纳粹官员承认了他们的罪行,并且后来没有声称他们是受到酷刑才做出虚假供述的。
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Some admitted to the Holocaust as witnesses at trial even when they weren't charged with any crimes.
有些人甚至在没有被指控任何罪行的情况下,作为证人在审判中承认了大屠杀。
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There are also the testimonies of survivors of concentration camps, including the Sonderkommandos.
还有集中营幸存者的证词,包括特遣队成员的证词。
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These were the Jewish prisoners who were charged with removing corpses from the gas chambers.
这些人是负责将尸体从毒气室移走的犹太囚犯。
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And the number of approximately six million Jews being killed has been reached by numerous scholars who consulted pre- and post-war population records.
而大约六百万犹太人被杀害的数字,是许多学者通过查阅战前和战后的人口记录得出的。
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Works like Raul Hilberg's The Destruction of the European Jews, Lucy Dawidowicz's The War Against the Jews, and Wolfgang Benz's The Holocaust: A German Historian Examines the Genocide all independently arrived at similar death toll figures.
拉乌尔·希尔伯格的《欧洲犹太人的毁灭》、露西·达维多维茨的《反犹太人的战争》以及沃尔夫冈·本茨的《大屠杀:一位德国历史学家审视种族灭绝》等著作都独立得出了相似的死亡人数。
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And keep in mind, this is just a fraction of the evidence.
请记住,这只是证据的一小部分。
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Mountains of evidence were presented at the Nuremberg trials, leading US prosecutor Justice Robert Jackson to tell President Harry Truman, We must establish incredible events by credible evidence.
纽伦堡审判中提出了大量的证据,使得美国检察官罗伯特·杰克逊法官告诉哈里·杜鲁门总统:「我们必须用可信的证据来确立不可思议的事件。」
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So in light of all this evidence, how can people deny the Holocaust?
那么,面对所有这些证据,人们怎么能否认大屠杀呢?
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The same way people deny other obvious things, like that the Earth is a globe or that we landed on the moon.
就像人们否认其他显而易见的事情一样,比如地球是圆的,或者我们登上了月球。
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Deniers run a similar playbook.
否认者们都遵循着类似的套路。
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Instead of analyzing all the data and coming up with a theory that explains all the data, which they cannot do, they just ignore the data.
他们不是分析所有数据并提出一个能解释所有数据的理论(他们也做不到),而是直接忽略数据。
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They just say everyone's lying or it's a forgery, and then they point out curious facts laypeople don't quite know how to explain, and they use those curious facts to cast doubt on the whole enterprise that they deny.
他们只是说所有人都在撒谎,或者这是伪造的,然后他们指出一些普通人不太知道如何解释的奇怪事实,并利用这些奇怪事实来质疑他们所否认的整个事件。
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For example, flat-Earthers and moon-landing deniers will say everyone at NASA is lying, they're part of a conspiracy for big globe, and then they point to curious facts laypeople have a hard time explaining.
例如,地平说者和登月否认者会说美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的所有人都在撒谎,他们是「大地球」阴谋的一部分,然后他们会指出一些普通人难以解释的奇怪事实。
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For flat-Earthers, they point to things like the Chicago skyline being visible 40 miles across Lake Michigan, which they say would be impossible on a round Earth because the horizon is only three miles away from any observer.
对于地平说者来说,他们会指出芝加哥天际线在密歇根湖对面四十英里处可见,他们说这在圆形地球上是不可能的,因为地平线距离任何观察者只有三英里。
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Or moon-landing deniers who say lunar pictures are fake because there are no stars in the background.
或者登月否认者说月球照片是假的,因为背景中没有星星。
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But when you know all the facts, the ignorance on display is obvious.
但当你了解所有事实时,所展现出的无知就显而易见了。
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The picture of Chicago was taken on a high sand dune, and the mirage effect bends light over Lake Michigan due to temperature differences, which makes the skyline visible.
芝加哥的照片是在高沙丘上拍摄的,海市蜃楼效应使光线因温差而在密歇根湖上弯曲,从而使天际线可见。
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And we'd expect a starless moon photo because the cameras the astronauts used were optimized to shoot in harsh daylight conditions on the moon and would not have had a long enough shutter speed to capture fainter starlight.
我们也会预料到没有星星的月球照片,因为宇航员使用的相机是为了在月球上恶劣的日光条件下拍摄而优化的,快门速度不足以捕捉到微弱的星光。
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If you didn't know these other facts, it could be easy to be taken in by the deniers' use of pseudoscience, which is the same way that Holocaust deniers use pseudo-history.
如果你不知道这些其他事实,就很容易被否认者使用的伪科学所蒙蔽,这和否认大屠杀的人使用伪历史的方式是一样的。
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For example, here's Sniehko and Myran from Fresh & Fit talking about the Holocaust using well-worn denier talking points.
例如,这是Fresh & Fit的Sniehko和Myran在谈论大屠杀时,使用了那些老掉牙的否认者论点。
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All right, everyone starved and died at that time.
好吧,那时候所有人都饿死了。
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Germans died-
德国人死了——
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Oh, I know starvation, yeah.
哦,我知道是饥饿,是的。
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Yeah, starvation, starvation, dying from, uh, from typhus, et cetera.
是的,饥饿,饥饿,死于斑疹伤寒等等。
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Except when you look at footage of the townspeople who lived around the camps, like here in Buchenwald, they aren't malnourished and the SS guards look pretty well-fed.
然而,当你看到集中营周围城镇居民的录像时,比如布痕瓦尔德的居民,他们并没有营养不良,党卫军警卫看起来也吃得很好。
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Food insecurity was an issue in urban areas, but not where the camps were located.
粮食不安全是城市地区的问题,而不是集中营所在地的问题。
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Instead, the inmates were indeed starved, but as part of a murder protocol.
相反,囚犯们确实被饿死了,但这只是谋杀计划的一部分。
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Why were there pools in these concentration camps?
为什么这些集中营里有游泳池?
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They had soccer teams.
他们有足球队。
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They had recreational activities.
他们有娱乐活动。
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Well, even murderers enjoy leisure time.
嗯,即使是杀人犯也享受休闲时间。
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Auschwitz did not have a swimming pool.
奥斯维辛没有游泳池。
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It had a retention pond that was used for firefighting that was later used for swimming because it wasn't drinking water, and some inmates were forced to play soccer against the guards or perform in orchestras for the officers.
它有一个蓄水池,用于消防,后来被用于游泳,因为它不是饮用水,一些囚犯被迫与警卫踢足球,或为军官在管弦乐队中表演。
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Well, they did that until they were no longer useful and then they could be disposed of.
嗯,他们这样做直到他们不再有用,然后他们就可以被处理掉了。
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Hannah Arendt's book Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil helped show that the Nazis did not act or look like wild-eyed fanatics hellbent on murder.
汉娜·阿伦特的著作《艾希曼在耶路撒冷:一份关于平庸之恶的报告》帮助表明,纳粹的行为和外表并不像那些一心只想杀戮的狂热分子。
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Instead, they were banal, boringly normal people who killed other human beings in a bureaucratic way before enjoying leisure time with one another.
相反,他们是平庸的、无聊的普通人,以官僚的方式杀害其他人,然后彼此享受休闲时光。
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And that's what's so scary about the Holocaust and every mass killing since then.
这就是大屠杀和此后每一次大规模杀戮的可怕之处。
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Regular people are capable of carrying out these extreme atrocities.
普通人也能够实施这些极端暴行。
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This was later confirmed in experiments like the Milgram experiments, which show how average people, when told to follow orders, would be willing to kill someone by administering what they thought were electric shocks over an intercom system to a test subject for giving the wrong answers.
这在后来的米尔格拉姆实验中得到了证实,该实验表明,普通人在被告知顺服命令时,会愿意通过对一个测试对象施加他们认为是电击的惩罚(通过对讲系统),来“杀死”一个给出错误答案的人。
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This is why the motto of the US Holocaust Museum is Never Again.
这就是为什么美国大屠杀纪念馆的座右铭是「永不再犯」。
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And then here's the other thing, too.
还有另外一点。
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They couldn't find a shred of evidence that showed that Hitler said, We need to kill these people.
他们找不到任何证据表明希特勒说过:「我们需要杀死这些人。」
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Hitler never gave a written order to invade Poland either, but it still happened.
希特勒也从未下达书面命令入侵波兰,但它还是发生了。
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In fact, Hitler received severe backlash from the public, including from Catholic bishops, for publicly authorizing the T4 euthanasia program.
事实上,希特勒因公开授权T4安乐死计划而受到公众的强烈反对,其中包括公教主教。
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One of the men was German Bishop Clemens von Galen, who led protests against the Nazis and was someone Hitler planned to kill after he won the war.
其中一人是德国主教克莱门斯·冯·加伦,他领导了反对纳粹的抗议活动,也是希特勒计划在赢得战争后杀掉的人。
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These protests are probably why Hitler did not put his other murder plans into writing.
这些抗议活动可能就是希特勒没有将他的其他谋杀计划付诸书面的原因。
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Let's just use common sense.
我们用常识来判断。
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If they wanted them dead so badly, why would they feed them, shave their heads, and give them housing?
如果他们那么想让他们死,为什么还要给他们食物、剃头、提供住所呢?
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The camps were for extermination and labor, including extermination by simply working people to death.
这些营地是为了灭绝和劳动,包括通过简单地把人累死来灭绝。
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People weren't fed, they were slowly starved to death with minimal calories, just enough to keep working.
人们没有得到足够的食物,他们被慢慢饿死,只摄入最低限度的卡路里,仅仅够维持工作。
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For example, Auschwitz had a factory that made synthetic rubber for the war efforts.
例如,奥斯维辛有一个工厂,为战争生产合成橡胶。
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Goebbels wrote in his diary, March 27th, 1942, Not much will remain of the Jews .
戈培尔在1942年3月27日的日记中写道:「犹太人所剩无几了。」
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on the whole, it can be said that about 60% of them will have to be liquidated, whereas only about 40% can be used for forced labor.
总的来说,可以说他们中大约百分之六十的人将被清除,而只有大约百分之四十的人可以用于强迫劳动。
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And there's lots of other memes and posts online that use similar arguments.
网上还有很多使用类似论点的表情包和帖子。
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There are memes that say, for example, it would have been impossible to gas six million Jews at Auschwitz in a few years.
例如,有些表情包说,在几年内,在奥斯维辛用毒气杀死六百万犹太人是不可能的。
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But not every Jew was gassed or killed at Auschwitz.
但并非所有犹太人都在奥斯维辛被毒气毒死或杀害。
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There are other camps, though many were killed there given that thousands of bodies could be cremated every day.
还有其他集中营,尽管每天有数千具尸体被火化,许多人死在那里。
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Many Jews were shot in mass killings.
许多犹太人在大屠杀中被枪杀。
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This took place, for example, by the Nazi Special Action Group that spoke about shooting 33,000 Jews in a ravine called Babyn Yar outside the city of Kyiv.
例如,纳粹特别行动队在基辅市外的巴比雅峡谷枪杀了三万三千名犹太人。
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Or people will say Winston Churchill didn't mention the Holocaust in his six-volume history of World War II. But so what?
或者人们会说温斯顿·丘吉尔在他的六卷本二战史中没有提到大屠杀。但这又如何呢?
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Ulysses S. Grant doesn't mention the Emancipation Proclamation in his Memoirs of the Civil War, but it still happened.
尤利西斯·S·格兰特在他的《内战回忆录》中没有提到《解放奴隶宣言》,但它仍然发生了。
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Besides, Churchill wrote a letter in 1944 saying of the massacre of Hungarian Jews, There is no doubt in my mind that we are in the presence of one of the greatest and most horrible crimes ever committed.
此外,丘吉尔在1944年写了一封信,谈到匈牙利犹太人的大屠杀时说:「我毫不怀疑,我们正面临着有史以来最伟大、最可怕的罪行之一。」
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Deniers will also bring up irrelevant points that sideline the discussion away from their indefensible denial.
否认者还会提出一些无关紧要的论点,将讨论从他们站不住脚的否认中转移开。
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For example, they'll complain about laws that criminalize denying the Holocaust, but you can be against the Holocaust and be against hate speech laws.
例如,他们会抱怨将否认大屠杀定为犯罪的法律,但你可以反对大屠杀,同时反对仇恨言论法。
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You can say Holocaust denial is immoral, but it's not so immoral that it ought to be illegal, or even that it ought to be banned from social media platforms, especially if these kinds of bans just drive people further into denial.
你可以说否认大屠杀是不道德的,但它并没有不道德到应该被定为非法,甚至不应该被社交媒体平台禁止,特别是如果这类禁令只会让人们更深地陷入否认。
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Or deniers will say that they are just tired of hearing about the Holocaust.
或者否认者会说他们只是厌倦了听到关于大屠杀的事情。
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Well, so am I. But these are like liberals who say they are tired of hearing the Church talk about sex.
嗯,我也是。但这就像那些自由主义者,他们说厌倦了听到教会谈论性。
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But the Catholic Church only talks about sex a lot because it has to respond to a culture that is obsessed with sexual perversion.
但公教会之所以经常谈论性,是因为它必须回应一个痴迷于性变态的文化。
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Likewise, the only time I think about the Holocaust is when I come across a fair number of people online who seem to be obsessed with Jews being an enemy of humanity and their subsequent denial of the Holocaust.
同样,我唯一一次想到大屠杀,就是当我在网上遇到相当多的人,他们似乎痴迷于犹太人是人类的敌人,以及他们随后对大屠杀的否认。
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And when you criticize these people and point out that this kind of rhetoric is what led to millions of human beings being killed, they'll whine and complain and say they're not allowed to talk about the Holocaust, or no one's allowed to talk about it.
当你批评这些人,并指出这种言论导致了数百万人被杀害时,他们会抱怨、哭诉,说他们不被允许谈论大屠杀,或者没有人被允许谈论大屠杀。
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But that's not true.
但那不是真的。
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You can talk about it, and it's not censorship in talking about it to tell the other person he is being ignorant or dishonest with history, and so he shouldn't be taken seriously.
你可以谈论它,而且在谈论它时告诉对方他对历史是无知或不诚实的,因此不应该被认真对待,这并不是审查。
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The right to free speech does not include a right to be taken seriously.
言论自由的权利不包括被认真对待的权利。
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As I said before, though, not all Holocaust denial is overt.
不过,正如我之前所说,并非所有否认大屠杀的行为都是公开的。
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Some of it is done by omission, by not bringing up the Holocaust when it should be brought up.
有些是通过遗漏来完成的,即在应该提及大屠杀时却不提及。
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For example, Candace Owens said on Piers Morgan that she is not a Holocaust denier.
例如,坎迪斯·欧文斯在皮尔斯·摩根的节目中说她不是大屠杀否认者。
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To be clear, you accept the Nazis murdered six million Jews in the Holocaust?
澄清一下,你是否承认纳粹在大屠杀中谋杀了六百万犹太人?
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Yeah, I have never once in any of my appearances-
是的,我从未在任何一次露面中——
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No, I'm just asking you to clarify.
不,我只是请你澄清一下。
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ever denied the Holocaust atrocities.
从未否认过大屠杀的暴行。
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And it may be true she has never said the Holocaust did not happen, but in some of her shows, she acts like it didn't happen.
她可能确实从未说过大屠杀没有发生,但在她的一些节目中,她的表现就像它没有发生过一样。
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She commits denial by omission.
她通过遗漏来否认。
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For example, in her episode on Adolf Hitler, she claims the Allies and the Axis powers were morally equivalent.
例如,在她关于阿道夫·希特勒的那一集中,她声称盟军和轴心国在道德上是等同的。
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So why do we keep making the Nazis out to be the bad guys?
那么,我们为什么总是把纳粹描绘成坏人呢?
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she asks.
她问道。
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She also claims that each side in World War II engaged in ethnic cleansing.
她还声称第二次世界大战中的每一方都参与了种族清洗。
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Because when you say to people, Okay, what is it about Hitler?
因为当你对人们说:「好吧,希特勒有什么问题?」
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How, why is he the most evil?
他为什么是最邪恶的?
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Well, the first thing people would say is, Well, ethnic cleansing almost took place.
嗯,人们会说的第一件事是,嗯,种族清洗几乎发生了。
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And then I offer back, You mean like we actually did to the Germans?
然后我反驳道:「你是说就像我们对德国人做的那样吗?」
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Owens is referring to the Germans who were expelled from territories that Germany captured during the war.
欧文斯指的是那些在战争期间被德国占领的领土上被驱逐的德国人。
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The Soviets did this partially out of security reasons, given that SS commander Heinrich Himmler approached the Western Allies with an offer to surrender and work together to fight the Soviets when it looked like the Nazis were going to lose the war.
苏联这样做部分是出于安全原因,因为党卫军指挥官海因里希·希姆莱曾向西方盟国提出投降并合作对抗苏联的提议,当时纳粹似乎即将输掉战争。
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And I firmly agree, the Soviet Union engaged in horrible crimes against humanity.
我坚决同意,苏联确实犯下了可怕的反人类罪行。
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In 1933, they starved six million Ukrainians to death in a mass murder called the Holodomor.
1933年,他们在一场被称为「大饥荒」的大规模屠杀中,饿死了六百万乌克兰人。
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It's not surprising the Soviets would engage in similar war crimes against innocent Germans who had lived in these areas for generations, or to engage in cruel revenge murder.
苏联对那些世代居住在这些地区的无辜德国人进行类似的战争罪行,或者进行残酷的报复性谋杀,这并不令人惊讶。
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But to be clear, this act displaced 12 million Germans, because ethnic cleansing can refer to displacement.
但需要明确的是,这一行为导致了一千二百万德国人流离失所,因为种族清洗可以指流离失所。
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According to the German Historical Museum, the death toll of the forced expulsions was around 600,000.
根据德国历史博物馆的数据,强制驱逐造成的死亡人数约为六十万。
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But two things can be true at once.
但两件事可以同时是真的。
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The Soviets were evil, and the Nazis were evil.
苏联是邪恶的,纳粹也是邪恶的。
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This fact does not justify Candace Owens saying the Allies, including England and the United States, engaged in ethnic cleansing just like the Nazis.
这个事实并不能证明坎迪斯·欧文斯所说的盟军,包括英国和美国,像纳粹一样参与了种族清洗是正确的。
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The Allied Forces in West Germany did not round up millions of Germans and lie to them about free showers that turned out to be gas chambers in order to exterminate the German people.
西德的盟军并没有围捕数百万德国人,然后谎称有免费淋浴,结果却是毒气室,以此来灭绝德国人民。
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But the Nazis did do that to the Jews and many other innocent people that they murdered through systematic acts of genocide.
但纳粹确实对犹太人以及许多其他无辜的人做了那样的事,他们通过系统的种族灭绝行为谋杀了这些人。
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And the failure to point out these differences between the two groups constitutes Holocaust denial by omission.
而未能指出这两者之间的这些差异,就构成了通过遗漏来否认大屠杀。
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Owens also uses the bombings in World War II to say both sides of the conflict were equally unjust.
欧文斯还利用二战中的轰炸来说明冲突双方同样不公正。
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Of course, if we do it, it's different.
当然,如果我们这样做,那就不一样了。
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It's different 'cause we're not literally Hitler, where, I mean, we drop bombs on entire populations.
这不一样,因为我们不是字面意义上的希特勒,我的意思是,我们向整个民族投掷炸弹。
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We firebomb Christians.
我们用燃烧弹轰炸基督徒。
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We drop a nuke on praying Catholics.
我们向祈祷的公教徒投下核弹。
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And if you know about it, you get screamed at by the propagandists in the West.
如果你知道这件事,你就会被西方的宣传者大声呵斥。
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Knowing about it is the crime.
知道这件事就是罪行。
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The crime is not actually dropping a bomb on praying civilians, um, in Nagasaki.
罪行并不是真的在长崎向祈祷的平民投下炸弹。
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But lots of people say the atomic bombings of Japan were immoral.
但很多人说对日本的原子弹轰炸是不道德的。
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I've made that argument here on this channel.
我曾在这个频道上提出过这个论点。
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All the major powers in World War II indiscriminately bombed civilian areas, including the Nazi blitz of London that killed tens of thousands of innocent civilians.
第二次世界大战中所有主要大国都无差别地轰炸了平民区,包括纳粹对伦敦的闪电战,造成数万无辜平民死亡。
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But only one group in the war attempted genocide by trying to wipe out an entire people group from Europe, and if they could have, from the face of the Earth.
但战争中只有一个团体试图通过灭绝欧洲的整个民族,如果可能的话,甚至从地球上抹去他们,来实施种族灭绝。
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And those were the Nazis.
那就是纳粹。
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Claiming that the US, the British, and the Nazis were morally equivalent to one another in every way is a form of Holocaust denial by omitting the Nazis' unique plan and execution of the act of genocide.I also want to point out that some Holocaust deniers have so much hatred towards anything Jewish that they will even attack the Old Testament itself.
声称美国、英国和纳粹在各方面都道德等同,这是一种通过省略纳粹独特的种族灭绝计划和执行方式来否认大屠杀的形式。我还想指出,一些否认大屠杀的人对任何与犹太人有关的事物都怀有极大的仇恨,以至于他们甚至会攻击旧约本身。
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For example, Lukas Gage is a well-known white nationalist who grew up Catholic but is now a pantheist.
例如,Lukas Gage是一位著名的白人民族主义者,他从小是公教徒,但现在是泛神论者。
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He says the following.
他说以下的话。
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You know Yahweh is a demon, right?
你知道耶和华是魔鬼,对吧?
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Did you know that?
你知道吗?
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Look into the, the Old Testament.
看看旧约。
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I was just watching a video the other day.
我前几天刚看了一个视频。
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The Old Testament God is not the same as the other testament God.
旧约的神和新约的神不一样。
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It's not even close.
根本就不一样。
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So the Jew worships Satan, the literally the devil, literally satanic.
所以犹太人崇拜撒但,就是字面意义上的魔鬼,字面意义上的撒但教。
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They are literally demon worshipers.
他们简直就是魔鬼崇拜者。
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And Darryl Cooper, the guy interviewed on Tucker Carlson's show says, No god in any religious tradition is as consistently brutal and bloodthirsty as Yahweh of the Old Testament.
而达雷尔·库珀,那个在Tucker Carlson节目中接受采访的人说:「在任何宗教传统中,没有哪个神像旧约中的耶和华那样始终如一地残暴和嗜血。」
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But this is the Marcionite heresy, a complete rejection of our Lord who said in John 4:22 that salvation is from the Jews, and a rejection of Saint Paul who said in Romans 11:28-29 that the Jews oppose the gospel but they are still, quote, beloved by God for the sake of their forefathers, for the gifts and the call of God are irrevocable.
但这正是马吉安异端,完全否定了我们的主,他在约翰福音四章二十二节说救恩是从犹太人出来的,也否定了圣保罗,他在罗马书十一章二十八至二十九节说犹太人虽然反对福音,但他们仍然「因列祖的缘故是蒙神所爱的;因为神的恩赐和选召是没有后悔的。」
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Finally, we should reject Holocaust denial because it's a slap in the face to heroic Christians of the past who risked and gave their lives to save Jews and other people from being exterminated.
最后,我们应该拒绝否认大屠杀,因为它是在打那些过去冒着生命危险、甚至献出生命来拯救犹太人和其他人免遭灭绝的英雄基督徒的脸。
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James White, someone I've had a fair amount of disagreement with over the years, makes this point and I firmly agree with him.
詹姆斯·怀特,一个我多年来与他有过不少分歧的人,提出了这一点,我非常同意他。
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He discusses how absurd it is for online Christians, and I've also seen them do this, to like and spread memes that openly mock Jewish victims of the Holocaust.
他讨论了网上基督徒(我也见过他们这样做)点赞和传播公开嘲笑大屠杀中犹太受害者的表情包是多么荒谬。
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This would be like mocking babies who are torn apart in the womb and thinking it's funny.
这就像嘲笑在子宫里被撕裂的婴儿,还觉得这很有趣。
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Same thing.
一样。
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Same thing.
一样。
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There were so many Christians who gave their lives to try to rescue Jews from the Nazi Holocaust, and if you laugh at that meme you are mocking them.
有那么多基督徒为了把犹太人从纳粹大屠杀中解救出来而献出了生命,如果你嘲笑那个表情包,你就是在嘲笑他们。
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You're mocking the Ten Booms.
你是在嘲笑滕·布姆一家。
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You're mocking all the fa- the people in that family that died to rescue people.
你是在嘲笑那个家庭中所有为了救人而牺牲的人。
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You're mocking them.
你是在嘲笑他们。
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And if you can't see that, what spirit of deception has taken you over?
如果你看不清这一点,那是什么欺骗的灵控制了你?
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Protestants and Catholics gave their lives to save Jews and others from extermination.
新教徒和公教徒献出了自己的生命,以拯救犹太人和其他人免遭灭绝。
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These are people like Father Bernhard Lichtenberg who was killed by the Gestapo, Father Giuseppe Garaudi who used false documents to rescue Jews until he was taken to Dachau where he still lies in a mass grave, Father Maximilian Kolbe who sheltered Jews in his friary until he was arrested and taken to Auschwitz where he died a martyr of charity.
这些人包括被盖世太保杀害的伯恩哈德·利希滕贝格神父,使用假文件营救犹太人直到被带到达豪集中营并至今仍躺在乱葬岗里的朱塞佩·加劳迪神父,以及在他的修道院里庇护犹太人直到被捕并被带到奥斯维辛集中营,最终作为慈善殉道者去世的马克西米利安·科尔贝神父。
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And then there were the unnamed people within the Vatican who, according to Jewish historian Pinchas Lapide, saved hundreds of thousands of Jews from being murdered.
还有梵蒂冈内部那些无名的人,根据犹太历史学家平查斯·拉皮德的说法,他们拯救了数十万犹太人免遭屠杀。
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If you deny the Holocaust, you are spitting on the graves not just of the victims but on the graves of those who risked and even gave their lives to save those victims.
如果你否认大屠杀,你不仅是在向受害者的坟墓吐口水,也是在向那些冒着生命危险甚至献出生命来拯救这些受害者的人的坟墓吐口水。
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I'll close by noting that Edmund Burke is alleged to have said, The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.
最后,我想指出,埃德蒙·伯克据说曾说过:「邪恶得逞的唯一条件,就是好人无所作为。」
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Mass murder doesn't just happen one day.
大规模谋杀并非一朝一夕发生。
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It begins slowly with a gradual dehumanization of the targeted victims.
它始于对目标受害者缓慢而渐进的非人化。
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So if you see racial hatred and genocide denial, no matter who it's against, say something.
所以,如果你看到种族仇恨和否认种族灭绝的行为,无论它是针对谁的,都要说出来。
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I pray if the time arises each of us will have the courage to do the heroic good that must be done in the face of unspeakable evil.
我祈祷,如果时机到来,我们每个人都能有勇气,在面对难以言喻的邪恶时,做出必须做的英勇善举。
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Thank you all so much for watching, and be sure to check out more resources in the description below if you want to learn about how to debunk Holocaust denial.
非常感谢大家的观看,如果你想了解如何揭穿否认大屠杀的言论,请务必查看下方描述中的更多资源。
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And I hope you have a very blessed day.
祝你度过一个蒙福的一天。