Transcript

0.20-8.80
In a previous episode, I talked about the empty theology of some forms of liberal Christianity that peddle absurdities like having faith in faith.
在之前的一期节目里,我谈到一些自由派基督教形式的空洞神学,它们兜售诸如「相信信心本身」这样的荒谬观点。
9.24-15.72
But there's another form of Christianity that is just as empty and dangerous and that's political Christianity.
但还有另一种同样空洞且危险的基督教形式,就是政治化的基督教。
16.22-21.64
You may not notice it at first because political Christians will make bold stands for the truth.
你一开始可能不会注意到,因为政治基督徒会大胆为真理发声。
21.66-30.06
They criticize Islam even to the point of being called Islamophobes or they criticize transgender ideology to the point of being called transphobes.
他们批评伊斯兰,甚至被人贴上「伊斯兰恐惧症」的标签;他们也批评跨性别意识形态,甚至被人说成「恐跨」。
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It's easy to think of them as being just one of the faithful and not as merely a friendly ally, but what the world needs isn't political Christianity.
人们很容易把他们当作教内的一员,而不仅仅是友好的盟友;可是,这个世界真正需要的并不是「政治化的基督信仰」 。
39.76-46.68
It just needs Christianity, the true faith of Christ that is found in his one holy Catholic and episodic church.
世界需要的只是基督信仰——基督那在他「独一、圣洁、大公、使徒的教会」里所彰显的真信仰。
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So what is political Christianity?
那么,「政治化的基督信仰」到底是什么?
50.20-67.28
I've noticed this term being used by atheists like Alex O'Connor and Stephen Woodford to describe people who identify as Christians at least in some way or who believe the world needs to be Christian even though they personally don't believe the central truth claims of Christianity.
我注意到一些无神论者,比如 Alex O'Connor 和 Stephen Woodford,会用这个词来形容那些在某种程度上自称是基督徒,或者认为世界应该是基督化的,但他们自己并不相信基督信仰的核心真理的人。
67.34-73.28
In some of these cases, a political or a cultural Christian outright denies being Christian himself.
在某些情况下,政治基督徒或文化基督徒会直接否认自己是基督徒。
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He might be a self-professed atheist who simply misses Christianity being the foundation of our culture rather than something else like radical wokeism or an encroaching radical Islam.
他可能是一个自称无神论者,只是怀念基督信仰曾经是我们文化的根基,而不希望被激进的觉醒主义或日益逼近的激进伊斯兰所取代。
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For example, here's Peter Boghossian, the author of A Manual for Creating Atheists describing the bitter fruits of early 2000s new atheism.
举个例子,这是《制造无神论者手册》作者 Peter Boghossian,他正在描述2000年代初期新无神论结出的苦果。
94.08-101.80
Do you think I would It would be unfair for me to say that the new atheists perhaps cleared a path by killing God-
你觉得……如果我说新无神论者或许通过「杀死神」为某些事情铺平了道路,这样说会不会不公平──
101.92-102.22
Yes.
是的。
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again-
再一次──
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Yes.
是的。
104.00-108.80
Um, for these new religions to, these new quasi-religions-
嗯,为了让这些新宗教、这些准宗教——
108.80-108.82
Yes.
是的。
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pseudo religions to flourish?
这些伪宗教能够蓬勃发展?
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100%.
百分之百。
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Is there, is there a link?
这……这之间有关系吗?
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It's absolutely true and I think there was a Pollyanna attitude that many new atheists had that su- somehow will, will bury God, b- b- borrow, turn of phrase from Nietzsche, and everybody's going to be living in some rational paradise.
这绝对是真的。我认为许多新无神论者当时抱着一种过分乐观的态度,觉得只要「埋葬神」——借用尼采的话——大家就能生活在某种理性的乐园里。
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Or here's Richard Dawkins, author of The God Delusion calling himself a cultural Christian.
还有《神的错觉》作者 Richard Dawkins,他把自己称作文化基督徒。
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Um, so I, I've count myself a cultural Christian.
嗯,所以我把自己算作一个文化基督徒。
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I think it would matter if we Certainly, if we substituted any alternative religion, that would be tru- truly dreadful.
我认为这很重要。当然,如果我们用任何其他宗教来取代基督信仰,那会真——真的很可怕。
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The doctrines of Islam, the Hadith and the, and the Quran is fundamentally, um, hostile to women, hostile to gays.
伊斯兰教的教义、哈迪斯以及古兰经,从根本上说,嗯,对女性和同性恋都抱有敌意。
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Um, and, uh, I find that I like to live in a culturally Christian country, although I do not believe a single word of the Christian faith.
嗯,而且,呃,我发现我喜欢生活在一个文化上基督化的国家,尽管我对基督信仰本身一句话都不相信。
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In politics there is a thing called horseshoe theory which says that the political spectrum isn't a straight line.
在政治学中,有个说法叫马蹄铁理论,认为政治光谱并不是一条直线。
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It bends like a horseshoe and the extreme ends almost meet.
它像马蹄铁一样弯曲,两端几乎相接。
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Once you go far enough left and right, you see how the extremes begin to look more like each other than the political center.
当你走到足够偏左或偏右的时候,会发现两端的极端立场彼此越来越像,反而与政治中心区别更大。
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Like how it's hard to tell the difference between left wing authoritarian communism and right wing authoritarian fascism.
就像左翼威权主义的共产主义和右翼威权主义的法西斯主义之间很难分辨一样。
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In theology, something similar happens with far left liberal Christians and far right political Christians.
在神学里,极左的自由派基督徒和极右的政治基督徒之间也会出现类似的情况。
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They look the same because they care more about what Christianity can do than whether Christianity is true.
他们之所以看起来差不多,是因为他们更在乎基督信仰能做什么,而不是基督信仰是不是真的。
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I discussed this in my previous episode where I talked about atheist church pastors like Greta Vospers who write books with titles like With or Without God: Why the Way We Live is More Important Than What We Believe.
我在上一期节目里讨论过这一点,当时提到了无神论的教会牧师,比如 Greta Vospers,她写过一本书,书名叫《有神或无神:为什么我们活出的方式比我们所信的更重要》。
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But there is a version of this on the right that makes the truth of Christianity subordinate to the usefulness of Christianity.
但在右翼也有一种做法,把基督信仰的真实性排在其功用性之后。
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I covered this in a previous episode regarding the conversion of Ayaan Hirsi Ali from atheism to Christianity.
我在之前的一期节目里谈到过 Ayaan Hirsi Ali 从无神论皈依基督信仰的经历。
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Since her initial explanation back in November for why she converted centered around her saying, We need the Judeo-Christian tradition to fight the formidable forces of Islam.
因为她去年十一月首次解释自己皈依的原因时,核心论点是:「我们需要犹太—基督传统来抵御强大的伊斯兰势力」。
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And as I said back then, this is not the primary reason that one should become Christian.
正如我当时所说,这并不是人们应该成为基督徒的首要理由。
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The primary reason is because you believe Christianity is true.
首要的理由在于你相信基督信仰是真的。
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I was hoping Ali would have grown in that area more before her recent dialogue with Richard Dawkins.
我原本希望 Ali 在最近与 Richard Dawkins 的对话之前能在这方面有更多成长。
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But watch this excerpt where Ali makes the point that what matters most in the world is merely having a force like Christianity that can stand up to Islam and wokeism.
但请看下面这段摘录,Ali 强调说,世界最需要的只是拥有一种像基督信仰那样可以抵抗伊斯兰和觉醒主义的力量。
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And the challenge of Islam and the message of Islam to western civilization can be countered and should be countered with the message of western civilization which is essentially Christian.
她说:「伊斯兰对西方文明的挑战以及它传递的信息,可以而且应该用西方文明的信息来回应,而西方文明的核心本质上是基督化的。」
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And in that sense, I think there are more people who agree with me, but that is on the societal level.
就这个意义来说,我认为有更多人同意我的观点,但那是在社会层面上。
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And then on the civilizational level, I think that every moral You, you've used yourself, uh, Richard, the, um, phrase lately that there is moral Christianity and there is cultural Christianity.
然后在文明层面上,我认为每一种道德……你自己也用过这个说法,呃,Richard,你最近提到过「道德性的基督信仰」和「文化性的基督信仰」。
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And when moral and cultural Chri- Christianity collides with moral and cultural Islam or moral and cultural Confucianism or cultural authoritarianism, um, I think then perhaps we're on the same page about that might be a way of countering it.
而当道德与文化层面的基督信仰与道德与文化层面的伊斯兰、儒家或文化威权主义发生冲突时,嗯,我想在这一点上我们可能看法相同,那或许是一种可行的对抗方式。
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Yes.
是的。
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But on the personal level, yes, I choose to believe in God.
但从个人层面来说,是的,我选择相信神。
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And I think there we might say let's agree to disagree.
我想在这点上我们可以同意彼此保留不同意见。
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Now here's Dawkin's response.
接下来是 Dawkins 的回应。
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This is all obvious nonsense.
这全都是明显的胡扯。
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This is all theological bullshit.
这完全是神学上的废话。
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And The idea that-
还有——这种观点——
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Humanity is born in sin and has to be cured of sin by Jesus being crucified, Jesus being punished for all our sins.
人类生来就有罪,必须靠耶稣被钉十字架、代我们受罚才能除去罪。
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And that is a morally very unpleasant idea.
而这是一个在道德上非常令人不快的想法。
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I'm sure you must agree about that.
我相信你一定同意这一点。
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When Ali initially converted, I said at the time we should pray for her and give her time to grow into her new theological beliefs.
当 Ali 刚刚皈依时,我当时就说,我们应该为她祈祷,并给她时间去消化她新的神学信仰。
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But brand-new converts should not be the public faces of the faith and this dialogue shows why.
但初信者不应该成为信仰的公众代言人,而这段对话就说明了原因。
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Listen to her response and notice how the utility of Christianity is valued over the truth of Christianity.
请听她的回应,注意她是如何把基督信仰的功用放在其真实性之前的。
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I find that Christianity is actually obsessed with love and that the figure, the teachings of- the teaching of Christ as I see it, and again I'm a brand-new Christian, but what I am finding out, which is the opposite of growing up as a Muslim, the message of Islam, but the message of Christianity I get is that, um, it- it- it's a message of love, it's a message of redemption, and it's a story of renewal and rebirth.
我发现基督信仰其实非常着迷于爱,而基督这个人物和他的教导──就我目前的理解而言,我还是一个刚信主的基督徒──我正在发现的东西,跟我在穆斯林家庭长大时所接受的信息恰恰相反。伊斯兰传递的讯息和基督信仰传递的讯息相比,后者告诉我,它……它是一条爱的讯息,是一条救赎的讯息,是一个更新和重生的故事。
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And so Jesus dying, uh, and rising again for me symbolizes that story.
所以耶稣的死,呃,以及复活,对我来说象征着那个故事。
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This sounds just like liberal Christians I highlighted in my previous episode that say things like, The empty tomb symbolizes that the ultimate love in our lives cannot be crucified and killed, or, The message of Easter is that love is stronger than life or death.
这听起来和我在上一期节目里提到的自由派基督徒说的话一模一样,比如:『空的坟墓象征着我们生命中终极的爱无法被钉死和杀害』,或者:『复活节的信息是爱比生死更强大』。
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Let's continue.
让我们继续。
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And in a small way, I felt like I had died and I was reborn.
在某种程度上,我感觉自己死过一次,然后重生。
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And that story of redemption and, uh, rebirth, um, I think makes Christianity actually a very, very powerful story for the human condition and human existence, and the pain of suffering, but also our internal, the recognition of, um, what you call sin, but perhaps the character defects that both good and evil are there, but that both good and evil are in us.
我觉得那个关于救赎和,呃,重生的故事,使基督信仰成为一个极其有力量的叙事;它触及人的处境与存在、苦难的痛楚,也触及我们内心对,嗯,你说的罪——或者说性格缺陷——的认识:善与恶都存在,而且善恶都在我们里面。
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I think those teachings in Christianity are for- far more powerful and have led to, I- I think the flourishing of Western civilization.
我认为基督信仰中的这些教导强大得多,并且──我相信──正是它们促成了西方文明的兴盛。
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Ali then compared the kindness of Christians to the dangerous threats Muslims made against her as showing the importance of living in a Christian culture.
随后,Ali 将基督徒的善意与穆斯林对她发出的危险威胁作对比,以说明生活在基督化文化中的重要性。
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To which Richard Dawkins says
对此 Richard Dawkins 回应说
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Well, I must say, I've never met a vicar that I didn't like.
嗯,我得说,我从来没遇到过一个我不喜欢的牧师。
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I mean, they're always very, very nice people.
我是说,他们总是非常非常友好。
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Yeah.
是啊。
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But- but nevertheless, the stuff they believe is obvious nonsense.
但是──但是,不管怎样,他们所相信的东西显然是胡说八道。
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And- and, um, you- you have to take the whole package because w- when you talked about Jesus rising from the dead, you don't believe Jesus rose from the dead, surely.
而且,呃,你……你得把整套都接受;因为当你谈到耶稣从死人里复活时,你肯定并不真的相信耶稣复活了吧。
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Um, I choose to believe that Jesus rose from the dead.
呃,我选择相信耶稣从死人里复活了。
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You choose to believe this?
你选择相信这个?
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Yes.
是的。
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And that is a matter of choice.
这完全是出于选择。
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Notice how Ali phrases this, I choose to believe it.
请注意 Ali 的说法:『我选择相信这件事』。
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On the one hand, it is true that at some point we have to decide and use our wills when we make an act of faith.
一方面,确实,在采取信仰行动时,我们总要在某个时刻下决定、运用意志。
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We make a choice to accept something as true even if there are lingering difficulties.
即便仍有难题,我们也会选择把某件事当作真理来接受。
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But on the other hand, saying, I choose to believe it, can make it sound like what matters most is the decision to believe something is true rather than the conviction that what you believe actually is true.
但另一方面,说出『我选择相信它』会让人感觉,好像最重要的只是决定去信,而不是确信所信的内容的确是真的。
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Now, Ali goes on to say it isn't hard for her to believe in the resurrection because God made the universe from nothing.
接着 Ali 说,她之所以不难相信复活,是因为神从无创造了宇宙。
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But Muslims also believe God made the world from nothing.
然而穆斯林也相信神从无创造了世界。
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And so there has to be something else like convincing evidence that makes Christianity unique not just from atheism, but from every other religion.
因此,必须还有其他因素——例如令人信服的证据——才能让基督信仰不仅区别于无神论,也区别于其他一切宗教。
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Even the late atheist Antony Flew said, The evidence for the resurrection is better than for claimed miracles in any other religion.
连已故无神论者 Antony Flew 也说过:「关于复活的证据,比任何其他宗教宣称的神迹证据都更有分量」。
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It's outstandingly different in quality and quantity.
它在质量和数量上都格外突出。
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But when you hear political Christians talk, it doesn't sound like evidence really matters to them.
可是当你听政治基督徒讲话时,感觉证据对他们似乎并不重要。
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In many cases, they bypass evidence and undercut our ability to talk about any historical realities of the faith.
很多时候,他们绕过证据,削弱我们谈论信仰历史事实的能力。
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And the prime example of this approach would be Jordan Peterson.
这一做法最典型的例子就是 Jordan Peterson。
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For example, why should I believe in God's existence instead of atheism?
举个例子,为什么我要相信神存在,而不是接受无神论?
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Here's Peterson on Pints with Aquinas.
下面是 Peterson 在「Pints with Aquinas」节目中的发言。
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I don't think there is a good argument for atheism.
我认为无神论并没有什么有力的论证。
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What's-
什——
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I think it's based on a fundamental misunderstanding about the nature of the world.
我觉得那是建立在对世界本质的根本误解之上。
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So it's just-
所以就只是——
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Okay.
好。
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it's- it's, uh, it's What would you say?
它……它,呃,它——你会怎么说?
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It's an illegal chess move.
这是一招违规的棋步。
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This makes it sound like what matters are the assumptions we use when we start our reasoning, not the reasoning we use to get to our conclusions.
这听起来像是在说,真正重要的是我们开始推理时所用的前提,而不是我们得出结论的推理过程。
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The Catholic Church infallibly teaches that man can use reason to know God exists.
公教会无误地教导,人可以凭理性认识到神的存在。
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And Saint Thomas Aquinas examined what he thought were the two best arguments for atheism, the problem of evil and the simplicity of naturalism.
圣托马斯阿奎那研究了他认为无神论最有力的两大论证:苦难问题和自然主义的单纯性。
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So while I appreciate some of Peterson's insights regarding things like psychology, this just seems like an anti-intellectual approach to life's most important question.
因此,尽管我欣赏 Peterson 在心理学等方面的一些见解,这种做法在关乎人生最重要的问题上却显得反智。
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Or consider this clip from Peterson's EWTN interview where the host asks him if the Christian faith is fairytale or reality.
再看看 Peterson 在 EWTN 接受采访的这段片段,主持人问他:基督信仰是童话还是现实?
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Oh, no, it's- it's- it's Well, it's Why or?
哦,不,它……它……它——呃,它——为什么要『或』?
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Fairytale and reality.
童话和现实。
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There's no or there.
那里不存在『或』的问题。
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So the deepest fairytales are the most real, that's for sure.
所以,最深刻的童话往往最真实,这毋庸置疑。
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Yeah, we don't understand fiction.
是的,我们不理解『虚构』。
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We don't understand what fiction means.
我们不明白『虚构』是什么意思。
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Fiction is a form of distillation, and I suppose at times the fictional and the real unite, and that's- that's the- that's the essence of the Christian claim, I would say.
虚构是一种提炼;我想有时虚构与现实会合而为一,那——那就是基督信仰宣称的核心。
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That's the right way of thinking about, that's a way of thinking about it.
这是一种正确的思考方式,是理解它的一种途径。
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There's many ways of thinking about complex things.
面对复杂的事物,有许多种思考方式。
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Now, some people might defend Peterson here and say this is similar to how C.S. Lewis said Christianity is myth become fact.
现在,有些人可能会为 Peterson 辩护,说这类似 C. S. 路易斯所说的「基督信仰是成了事实的神话」。
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But Lewis was very clear that evidence could show the historical reality of things like Christ's divinity, and this could be known, it wasn't just some kind of language game.But when I hear Peterson say, Well, it's fairy tale and reality, it reminds me of liberal Christians who use similar confusing language, like when William Lane Craig debated the late liberal Episcopal bishop John Shelby Spong on the resurrection.
但路易斯说得很清楚,证据能够证明诸如基督神性之类的历史事实,这是可以认知的,并不只是某种语言游戏。可是当我听到 Peterson 说「它既是童话又是现实」时,我就想起那些使用类似含糊语言的自由派基督徒,比如 William Lane Craig 与已故自由派圣公会主教 John Shelby Spong 就复活问题辩论时的情形。
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Spong had written a book called Resurrection: Myth or Reality?
Spong 写过一本书,书名叫《复活:神话还是现实?》。
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But instead of arguing Jesus did not rise from the dead, Spong gives a confusing answer similar to what Peterson says.
但 Spong 并没有辩称耶稣没有从死里复活,而是给出了一个和 Peterson 类似、令人困惑的回答。
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I submitted that manuscript to my publisher, Harper Collins with the working title Resurrection: Myth and Reality.
「我把那份手稿以《复活:神话与现实》这个暂定书名交给了我的出版商 Harper Collins。」
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Harper Collins changed my title and published it under the title Resurrection: Myth or Reality?
「Harper Collins 把书名改成《复活:神话还是现实?》并正式出版。」
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And is the story of a dead man walking out of a tomb, presumably three days after his death, physically resuscitated, is that literal language or is that language of people who are so transformed by the power of the living God that they have to create human language to communicate that experience?
「一个死去的人大约在死后三天从坟墓里走出来、肉身复苏,这个故事到底应该按字面理解,还是说那些被永生神的大能深深改变的人不得不用人类语言来表达他们的经历?」
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Now with that clip in mind, notice what Jordan Peterson says to atheist Alex O'Conor's questions regarding Jesus' resurrection.
带着这段视频的背景,再来看看 Jordan Peterson 回答无神论者 Alex O'Conor 关于耶稣复活问题时说了什么。
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Let me put it this way-
让我这样说吧──
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Yeah.
好。
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if, if I went back in time with a Panasonic video camera and put that camera in front of the tomb of Joseph of Arimathea, would the little LCD screen show a man walk out of that tomb?
「如果我带着一台松下摄像机回到过去,把摄像机架在亚利马太人约瑟的坟墓前,小小的 LCD 屏会拍到有人从坟墓里走出来吗?」
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I would sus- suspect yes.
「我想……我会说,会的。」
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So that, that is, that to me s- seems like a belief in the historical event of the resurrection, or at least of Jesus leaving the tomb, which means when somebody says, you know, Do you believe that Jesus rose from the dead?
「那么,这对我来说就像是在相信复活这一历史事件,或者至少相信耶稣离开了坟墓;这意味着,当有人问『你相信耶稣从死里复活了吗?』时──」
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It doesn't seem clear to me why you're not able to just say, It would seem to me, yes.
「我不明白你为什么不能直接回答:在我看来,是的。」
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Because I have no idea what that means.
「因为我根本不知道那是什么意思。」
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And neither did the people who saw it.
「那些亲眼目睹的人也不知道那意味着什么。」
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Once again, this overemphasis on phenomenological experience to ground meaning resembles how liberal Christians can't answer a simple question about the foundational elements of Christianity, like the resurrection, because they're caught in a similar maze of thinking.
再次出现的,是过度强调现象学体验来奠基意义;这让他们像自由派基督徒一样,无法回答有关基督信仰根基——比如复活——的简单问题,因为他们都陷在类似的思维迷宫里。
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Recall on my previous episode the clip where John Dominic Crossan said to William Lane Craig that it's meaningless to ask if God exists apart from human beings.
还记得我上一期节目里播放的片段吗?John Dominic Crossan 对 William Lane Craig 说,如果把人类排除在外来问「神是否存在」是没有意义的。
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During the Jurassic Age, when there were no human beings, did God exist?
「在侏罗纪时代,没有人类存在的时候,神存在吗?」
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Meaningless question.
「这是个没有意义的问题。」
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But surely that's not a meaningless question.
「可是这显然不是一个无意义的问题。」
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I mean, it's a factual question.
「这是一个关于事实的问题。」
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Was there a being who, uh, was the creator and sustainer of the universe d- during that period of time when no human beings existed?
「在那个没有任何人类存在的时期,是否有一位存在,嗯,作为宇宙的创造者和维系者?」
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It seems to me on your view you'd have to say no.
「依照你的观点,你恐怕得回答:没有。」
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Well, I would probably prefer to say no because what you're doing is trying to put yourself in the position of God and ask for how is God apart from revelation, how is God apart from faith.
我大概会倾向于回答「不」,因为你现在做的是把自己放在神的位置上,问「如果没有启示,神是什么样?如果没有信心,神又是什么样?」
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I don't know if you can do that.
我不知道你是否真能这么做。
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I understand that not every theological question can be answered with a yes or no, but it can be intelligently qualified.
我明白不是每一个神学问题都能用「是」或「不是」来回答,但我们可以用有见地的方式加以限定。
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Like when someone asks me if Genesis 1 is true, I say it is as true as my wife's explanation to my children of where babies come from.
比如有人问我《创世记》第一章是不是真的,我会说,它和我妻子向孩子解释婴儿从哪里来一样都是真实的。
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It's true for taking the truth that God made the universe and humans in his image and making those truths accessible to Bronze Age people.
它把「神创造宇宙并按自己的形象造人」的真理,以青铜时代的人能理解的方式呈现出来,这就是它的真实性。
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But instead of even doing that, Jordan Peterson often criticizes those who just want to get straight answers out of him.
然而连这样 Jordan Peterson 都不愿意做,他常常批评那些只想要他给出直接答案的人。
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For example, here's atheist Sam Harris in a 2018 dialogue with Jordan Peterson.
举个例子,这是 2018 年无神论者 Sam Harris 与 Jordan Peterson 的一次对话片段。
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What I fear about the way you talk about religion is that, uh, a- a- at the end of all these conversations, I'm still not sure what you believe on that point, frankly.
我担心的是,你谈论宗教的方式……呃……在所有这些对话结束之后,说实话,我仍然不确定你在那一点上到底相信什么。
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And if I'm not sure, no one out there is.
如果连我都不确定,外面的人就更不会知道了。
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Well, I don't know why, I don't know why you would expect to be sure about what someone believes.
嗯,我不知道为什么——我不知道你为什么指望能完全搞清楚一个人到底相信什么。
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How Do you think that any one of you are capable of fully articulating what you believe?
你们当中有人认为自己能把自己所信的完全说清楚吗?
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You certainly aren't.
你肯定做不到。
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You are not.
你做不到。
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That's completely ridiculous.
那完全是荒谬的。
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You're not transparent to yourself by any stretch of the imagination.
无论怎么想,你都不可能对自己毫无保留。
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You act out all sorts of things that you can't articulate.
你在行为上表现出许多自己说不清楚的东西。
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But how- but h- but how about a, how about a best guess?
可是……可不可以给一个最好的猜测呢?
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Yeah.
好吧。
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And here's a recent clip where Peterson talks about the historicity of the Exodus with Alex O'Conor.
下面这一段是 Peterson 最近与 Alex O'Conor 谈到《出埃及记》史实性的视频片段。
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I mean, you, you spent more time in Exodus than probably any person I've ever met in person, right?
我是说,你在《出埃及记》上下的工夫恐怕比我见过的任何人都多,对吧?
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Clearly the story sort of captivates you and you think it's really important and, and, and can teach us a lot, right?
显然这个故事深深吸引了你,你认为它非常重要,而且能教给我们很多东西,对吧?
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It's remarkable.
确实非同寻常。
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Of course.
当然。
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Yeah.
是的。
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It's infinitely deep story.
这是一个深不见底的故事。
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But I think most people speaking to you already know that you think that, right?
不过我想,大多数和你交谈的人都已经知道你是这么认为的,对吧?
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Mm-hmm.
嗯哼。
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And so when they ask you a question, wh- when, when they say, suddenly say to you, But do you think it really happened?
所以当他们突然问你:「你真的认为这件事发生过吗?」的时候——
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Well, what the hell does that mean?
那到底是什么意思?
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Like even if you don't like the question, you must understand what someone's asking.
哪怕你不喜欢这个问题,你也得明白人家在问什么。
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Oh, yes, a- well-
哦,是的,呃——
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And if that's the case-
如果是这样的话——
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I understand mo- many of the things that they're doing simultaneously.
我同时明白他们在做的许多事情。
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Then you must also understand that when you then say, It's still happening.
那你也应该明白,当你回应说「这还在发生」时——
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Yeah.
是的。
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People just go, What are you talking about?
人们就会疑惑:『你在说什么?』
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Yeah.
是啊。
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Well, I would say, That's not my problem.
我会说,那不是我的问题。
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Mm.
唔。
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But it's, it's It becomes a problem when you understand that someone's asking a quite banal historical question-
可是……可是当你知道对方其实只是问一个相当普通的历史问题时,这就成了问题——
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Yeah, but you don't get to do that.
是的,但你不能那样做。
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But why not?
为什么不行?
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Because the stories that you're dealing with aren't banal.
因为你所处理的这些故事并不普通。
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Now I agree with Jordan Peterson that the stories in Genesis and Exodus are not newspaper accounts.
我同意 Jordan Peterson 的看法,《创世记》和《出埃及记》里的故事并不是报纸式的报道。
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They contain non-literal language.
它们包含非字面性的语言。
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So for example, the Exodus probably did not involve millions of people leaving Egypt, but at least included thousands of people who carried with them a shameful history of enslavement that no people in the ancient world would have invented when they're trying to make a claim to land somewhere else, like in the land of Canaan.
举例来说,出埃及时可能并不是数百万人离开埃及,而是至少有几千人携带着他们那段可耻的奴役史——在古代世界里,没有哪个民族会在试图占领迦南这类地方时编造出这样的历史。
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But it's not helpful, and it's in fact even detrimental to the faith to make the message of the pivotal biblical stories like the Exodus or the resurrection, to make the message more important than the fact that they really happened.
然而,如果把《出埃及记》或复活这类关键圣经故事的「信息」看得比它们是否真实发生更重要,这不仅无益,反而有损于信仰。
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When asked if they happened, qualification should be as brief as possible, and we should remember the words of our Lord from the Sermon on the Mount, Let what you say be simply yes or no.
当有人问这些事是否真的发生时,回答应尽量简洁;我们该记得主在山上宝训中说过的话:「你们的话,是,就说是;不是,就说不是;若再多说,就是出于那恶者了。」
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Anything more than this comes from evil.
多说就出于那恶者。
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But instead, Peterson over-qualifies everything.
然而,Peterson 却对一切都加上过头的限定。
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The question, Did that happen? begs the question, what do you mean by happen?
『那到底发生了没有?』这个问题本身就追问:你说的「发生」是什么意思?
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But I worry that when those who defend political Christianity face off against those who try to show Christianity is not true, political Christians are ultimately set up for failure because only one side is asking the most relevant question when it comes to the debate.
但是我担心,当为政治化的基督信仰辩护的人与试图证明基督信仰不真实的人对决时,政治基督徒最终注定要失败,因为在辩论中,只有一方在提出最关键的问题。
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Consider Alex O'Conor and Dinesh D'Souza's recent debate on the question, is the Bible true?
想想 Alex O'Conor 和 Dinesh D'Souza 最近围绕「圣经是真是假」这个问题的辩论。
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Here's part of Dinesh's opening statement.
下面是 Dinesh 开场陈词的一部分。
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I've never debated this topic before.
我以前从没就这个议题辩论过。
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Uh, I'm not a theologian.
呃,我不是神学家。
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I wouldn't even say I'm an expert on the Bible.
我甚至不能说我是圣经方面的专家。
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So we're not off to a great start and it doesn't get any better.
所以我们的开局并不理想,而且情况也没有好转。
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D'Souza goes on to say that asking if the Bible is true is like asking if Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar is true.
D'Souza 接着说,问圣经是不是真的,就像问莎士比亚的戏剧《尤里乌斯·凯撒》是不是真的。
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It's based on history but Shakespeare's Julius Caesar has many non-historical flourishes, and Dinesh says that's also true of the Bible.
它建立在历史之上,但莎士比亚的《尤里乌斯·凯撒》中有许多非历史性的润饰;Dinesh 说圣经也一样。
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And I agree, the biblical authors use non-literal elements in their writings, like how the Gospel of Matthew skips generations and doesn't use a strictly literal genealogy.
我同意,圣经作者确实在写作中用了非字面元素,例如《马太福音》跳过了一些世系,没有采用严格字面意义上的家谱。
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But in the rest of Dinesh's 15 minute opening statement, he doesn't give a single argument for why we should believe the essential parts of the Bible are true.
但是在 Dinesh 长达十五分钟的开场陈词里,他没有给出任何理由,说明为什么我们应该相信圣经的核心部分是真的。
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He just says the Bible got it right, that the universe began to exist, and so that proves the Bible is true.
他只是说圣经正确地指出宇宙有个开始,因此这就证明圣经是真实的。
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You know, but at best, that's a 50/50 guess.
要知道,这充其量也只是五五开的猜测。
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The universe either began or it didn't.
宇宙要么有开端,要么没有。
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Now, if I had to defend this topic, and I wouldn't want to do that because the topic, is the Bible true, is ridiculously broad.
现在,如果非要我来为这个题目辩护——我可不愿意,因为「圣经是真是假」这个题目实在太宽泛——
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But if I had to defend it, I would say that we have good historical evidence Jesus Christ rose from the dead and Jesus believed in the Old Testament, and so I trust a guy who can walk out of his own tomb.
但如果必须辩护,我会说,我们有可靠的历史证据表明耶稣基督从死里复活,而耶稣相信旧约,所以我信任那位能自己走出坟墓的人。
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But Dinesh D'Souza doesn't really focus on Christian apologetics.
然而 Dinesh D'Souza 并不太关注基督教护教学。
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His work focuses more on politics or political Christianity, as is evident in the books he writes which focus on topics like Obama's Rage, The Greatness of America, and The Evils of Liberalism.
他的写作更多聚焦于政治或政治化的基督信仰,这从他所写的书就能看出来,比如《奥巴马的愤怒》《美国的伟大》《自由主义之恶》等。
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What ends up happening is Christianity just becomes the most convenient way to fight these evils, and so we can just dismiss people who try to say Christianity isn't true as just not understanding the complexities of our worldview.
结果就是,基督信仰只成了对抗这些邪恶的最方便工具,于是我们可以把那些声称基督信仰不真实的人轻易归为「他们不懂我们世界观的复杂性」。
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But you can't do that if you aren't willing to give evidence for your worldview as a whole, or if you're inconsistent about what evidence is required for.
但如果你不愿为自己的整体世界观提供证据,或者在需要什么证据的问题上前后不一,你就无法这么做。
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For example, Alex calls out Dinesh for dismissing casual historical objections against the Bible while D'Souza tries to use casual historical evidence in order to prove that the Bible is true.
举例来说,Alex 指出 Dinesh 一方面轻描淡写地驳回针对圣经的随意历史质疑,另一方面又试图用随意的历史证据来证明圣经是真的。
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Notice what's happening, in my view.
在我看来,请注意正在发生的事。
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Okay.
好。
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What's happening is that the Bible is a historical text and a scientific text when it needs to be, and it's not one when you don't want it to be.
情况是:当你需要时,圣经就成了历史文本和科学文本;当你不需要时,它又不算是。
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So when I said a moment ago, here's a relatively mundane historical fact about the Gospels, you said, Well, the fact that some mundane historical fact should undermine Christianity is ludicrous.
因此,当我刚才提到福音书中的一个相对普通的历史事实时,你说:「仅凭一些普通历史事实就削弱基督信仰,太荒谬。」
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But now you're telling me that a mundane historical fact is enough to buttress Christianity.
可现在你却告诉我,一个普通的历史事实足以支撑基督信仰。
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Finally, there's a strain of political Christianity that is especially insidious because it radically subordinates the truth of Christianity, that there's one triune God who died for all men because God loves all men, to an odious political goal of idolizing one particular race above others, something that Pope Pius XII condemned in his encyclical Mit branniger Sorge.
最后,有一种政治化的基督信仰尤其阴险,因为它把基督信仰的真理——只有一位三位一体的神,他因爱世人而为所有人舍命——完全顺服于一个令人厌恶的政治目标:把某一个种族偶像化,高举在其他种族之上;教宗庇护十二世在通谕《Mit brennender Sorge》中就谴责过这种做法。
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And he said that those who do this kind of idolizing of race are far from the true faith in God.
他指出,那些把种族偶像化的人,已经远离对神的真信仰。
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That encyclical, written in German, was smuggled into Nazi Germany since the Nazis promoted their own version of Christianity because Adolf Hitler despised real Christianity.
那份以德语写成的通谕被偷偷带进纳粹德国,因为纳粹鼓吹自己版本的基督信仰,而阿道夫·希特勒憎恶真正的基督信仰。
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According to Richard Weikart in his book, Hitler's Religion, Hitler said in 1941, There is an insoluble contradiction between the Christian and a Germanic heroic worldview.
据 Richard Weikart 在《希特勒的宗教》一书中记载,希特勒于1941年说过:「基督信仰与日耳曼英雄世界观之间存在无法化解的矛盾。」
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However, this contradiction cannot be resolved during the war, but after the war we must step up to solve this contradiction.
「然而,这个矛盾在战争期间无法解决,战后我们必须设法解决它。」
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And in his diary, Joseph Goebbels, the Nazis minister of propaganda wrote, The Fuhrer thinks Christianity is ripe for destruction.
纳粹宣传部长约瑟夫·戈培尔在日记中写道:「元首认为基督信仰已经成熟到可以被摧毁。」
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That may still take a long time, but it is coming.
「这也许还需要很长时间,但终将到来。」
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In a conversation with Nick Fuentes, Richard Spencer, who many call a white supremacist and who says that he himself coined the term alt-right, he said the following about Christianity
在与 Nick Fuentes 的一次对话中,被许多人称为白人至上主义者、并自称创造了「alt-right」一词的 Richard Spencer 如下谈到基督信仰:
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I'm not gonna contradict all of the, the, the white nationalist right wing or, or even, even the, you know, higher level Alain de Benoist's, uh, uh, criticisms of, of Christianity, which, which you can see in his book, uh, On Being A Pagan.
「我不会去反驳所有那些白人民族主义右翼,或者甚至像 Alain de Benoist 这种高层次思想家在《论为异教徒》一书里对基督信仰的批评。」
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I'm not gonna contradict those.
「我不会反对那些观点。」
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I, I think there are problems.
「我认为确实存在问题。」
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But a- again, I think that's begging that issue of who we are, uh, as, as whites.
「但再次说,这就引出了我们作为白人到底是谁的问题。」
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We are a spiritual people.
「我们是一个有灵性的族群。」
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We need this.
「我们需要这一点。」
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And so I A- as opposed to rejecting Christianity, rejecting universalism, I think that is an absolute f- fool's errand.
「因此,与其拒绝基督信仰、拒绝普世性,我认为那完全是愚蠢的差事。」
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That's never That's not gonna happen.
「那永远——那不会发生。」
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Christianity has deeply influenced who we are, it's influenced who I am.
「基督信仰深深塑造了我们,也塑造了我。」
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And, and, and, in terms of rejecting a sense of the universal or what You, you might as well a- a- a- at- attempt to reject our white skin.
「而且,如果要拒绝普世性的观念,你不如去试着把我们的白皮肤也拒绝掉。」
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I mean, th- this is who we are.
「我的意思是,这就是我们。」
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Uh, we made Christianity.
「呃,是我们造就了基督信仰。」
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A- a- as much as Christianity made us, we made Christianity.
「基督信仰塑造了我们,同样我们也塑造了基督信仰。」
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Uh, I do think that Christianity in, in re- our religious sense does need to be radically transformed.
「我确实认为,从我们的宗教意义上说,基督信仰需要被彻底改造。」
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I think there needs to be a, a pantheon, uh, that, that honors our, our, our pagan deities and so on.
「我认为应该有一个万神殿,去尊崇我们那些异教神祇等等。」
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But that sense of binding us all together, that sense of the universal, that sense of forward-looking futurism and so on, we need that.
「但那种把我们凝聚在一起的感受,那种普世性的意识,那种面向未来的远景,我们需要。」
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We desperately need that.
「我们迫切需要这一点。」
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So our struggle is spiritual, there's no question.
「所以我们的斗争是属灵的,毫无疑问。」
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And I don't mean spiritual in the sense of we should become Richard Dawkins and just, you know, deconstruct Christianity.
「我说的属灵并不是指我们要像 Richard Dawkins 那样去解构基督信仰。」
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That, that's, that Again, half true is worse than a lie.
「那样……那样——再说一次,半真比谎言更糟。」
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That, that leads absolutely nowhere and it's, and it's ignorant in a, in a, in a fundamental way.
「那完全不会有结果,而且从根本上说是无知的。」
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We need a spiritual a- a- a- aspect to our race going forward and we need to re-transform it.
「我们这个种族未来需要一个属灵层面,我们得重新改造它。」
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We might need to transform the r- uh, the church itself.
「我们可能还需要改造……呃……教会本身。」
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Pope Pius XII put it well: Whoever exalts race or the people or the state and divinizes them to an idolatrous level distorts and perverts an order of the world planned and created by God.
教宗庇护十二世说得好:「凡是把种族、民族或国家抬高到偶像化的地步,并把它们奉为神明的人,都歪曲并破坏了神所计划并创造的世界秩序。」
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He is far from the true faith in God and from the concept of life which that faith upholds.
这样的人离对神的真信仰和那信仰所维护的生活观都相去甚远。
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But I want to end today's episode with probably the most heartbreaking clip for me, and that is Jordan Peterson's explanation for why he's not Catholic.
不过,我想用一段对我来说最令人心碎的视频来结束今天的节目,那就是 Jordan Peterson 解释自己为什么不是公教徒的片段。
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What is stopping you from embracing the faith of your wife?
「是什么阻止你接受你妻子的信仰?」
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You mean all those pesky Catholics?
「你是说那些烦人的公教徒?」
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I don't know if anything is stopping me.
「我不知道有什么真的在阻止我。」
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What's holding you back?
「那是什么让你却步呢?」
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I, I don't think anything's holding me back.
「我……我不觉得有什么让我却步。」
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Everybody's got their own destiny, and so
「每个人都有自己的命运,所以——」
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Is it in yours?
「那这在你的命运里吗?」
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Um, is it in mine?
「呃,在我的命运里吗?」
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I would say it's unlikely, but
「我觉得可能性不大,不过——」
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Why do you say unlikely?
「你为什么说可能性不大?」
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I exist on the borders of things, so why is that?
「我总是存在于事物的边缘,所以,为什么会这样?」
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I don't know, but that's how it is.
「我也不知道,但事实就是如此。」
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It would be tragic if Jordan Peterson felt like he could not be Catholic because his identity rests in being the kind of person who doesn't settle for easy answers, that it rests in being the kind of person whose intellect descends into the deepest part of language or the mind or metaphysics.
如果 Jordan Peterson 觉得自己不能成为公教徒,只因为他的身份建立在「不满足于简单答案,必须让理智深入语言、心灵或形而上学最深处」上,那将是件悲哀的事。
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His identity rests in being someone who is always on the border analyzing and not in the center embracing.
他的身份建立在永远站在边缘分析,而不是走到中心去拥抱。
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And I would say to Jordan Peterson the mysteries of the Catholic faith are so deep and vast, the mystery of who God is, of how the infinite God relates to finite creatures like us, that one can be a Catholic and spend a thousand lifetimes contemplating questions for which there are no easy answers.
我想对 Jordan Peterson 说,公教信仰的奥秘何其深广——神是谁、无限的神如何与我们这些有限受造物相连——一个人做了公教徒,也可以花上一千辈子去思考那些没有简单答案的问题。
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But sometimes it's okay to have an easy answer.
但有时候,拥有一个简单答案也没什么不好。
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In these interviews, it's clear that Jordan Peterson loves his wife, Tammy, who recently became Catholic.
在这些访谈中可以清楚看出,Jordan Peterson 爱他的妻子 Tammy,而 Tammy 最近成了公教徒。
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Peterson just loves her, and the meaning of his words of love are patently obvious.
Peterson 就是爱她,他爱的言语所表达的意思显而易见。
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He has an easy answer to the question, Do you love your wife?
当被问到「你爱你的妻子吗?」时,他可以给出简单的答案。
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And it's okay to have an easy answer when it comes to the question, Do you love God?
同样,当问题变成「你爱神吗?」时,给出简单答案也完全可以。
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It's okay to have the faith of a child and say that we love God and trust in him with the same joyful conviction a child has towards his father.
像孩子一样地说我们爱神并信靠他,带着孩子对父亲那样的喜乐与确信,这完全可以。
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Now, it's true, as Saint Paul said, that as adults we should put away childish reasoning, but we should never lose our childish love or joy.
固然,正如圣保罗所说,成人要除去孩子气的推理,但我们绝不该失去孩童般的爱与喜乐。
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That's why the Lord said, Unless you turn and become like children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.
这就是主说:「你们若不回转,变成小孩子的样式,断不得进天国」的原因。
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Thank you all so much for watching today.
非常感谢大家今天的收看。
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Please consider subscribing to this channel, liking this video, and I hope you have a very blessed day.
请考虑订阅本频道、点赞这个视频,祝大家蒙受丰盛的祝福。