Transcript
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In a 2009 speech given at an atheistic conference, the late philosopher Daniel Dennett coined the term deepity to refer to statements that seem profound at first glance, but when you look closer, they're just trivially true, like love is just a word, or they're total nonsense like have faith and faith.
已故哲学家 Daniel Dennett 在2009年的一次无神论会议演讲里创造了「deepity」这个词,用来指那些乍一听好像很深奥,可一细看要么只是显而易见的陈词滥调,比如「爱只是一个词」,要么就是彻底的胡言乱语,比如「要有信心,而且要对信心有信心」。
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And some atheists say that theology is just a bunch of deepities.
一些无神论者说神学只是一堆「deepity」。
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And in this episode, I'm going to expose liberal Christian theology that really is just a bunch of worthless deepities.
在这一期节目里,我要揭露自由派基督教神学,它确实只是一堆毫无价值的「deepity」。
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Before I do that though, I need to say that the existence of bad theology does not prove that there is no good theology, just as the existence of pseudoscience doesn't disprove real science.
不过在那之前,我得说明:糟糕的神学存在,并不意味着没有好的神学,正像伪科学的存在并不能推翻真正的科学一样。
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One good example of bad liberal Christian theology can be seen in a 2019 New York Times interview with Serene Jones, a Protestant minister and the president of Union Theological Seminary.
新教牧师、联合神学院院长 Serene Jones 在2019年接受《纽约时报》采访,就是自由派基督教糟糕神学的一个好例子。
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Here are a few of her deepities.
下面是她的一些「deepity」。
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She says, The empty tomb symbolizes that the ultimate love in our lives cannot be crucified and killed.
她说:「空坟墓象征我们生命里最终极的爱无法被钉死、被杀灭。」
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Living a life of love is driven by the simple fact that love is true.
「以爱活出人生,是因为一个简单的事实:爱是真的。」
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The message of Easter is that love is stronger than life or death.
「复活节的讯息是:爱比生死更强大。」
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When I hear this kind of talk, I think of the episode of The Simpsons where Reverend Lovejoy is selling ice cream flavors like Blessed Virgin Berry and Command Mint.
当我听到这种说法时,我就会想到《辛普森一家》里那集:Lovejoy 牧师在卖冰淇淋口味,比如「Blessed Virgin Berry」和「Command Mint」。
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He then offers Lisa Unitarian ice cream.
然后他又向 Lisa 推荐「Unitarian」口味的冰淇淋。
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Wow, look at all these flavors.
「哇,看看这么多口味。」
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Blessed Virgin Berry, Command Mint, Bible Gum?
「Blessed Virgin Berry」、「Command Mint」、「Bible Gum」?
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Or if you prefer we also have Unitarian ice cream.
如果你想要的话,我们还有「Unitarian」口味的冰淇淋。
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There's nothing here.
「这里什么也没有。」
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Exactly.
「正是如此。」
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According to their website, Unitarian Universalist beliefs are diverse and inclusive.
根据他们的网站介绍,Unitarian Universalist 的信仰主张多元且包容。
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We have no shared creed.
「我们没有共同的信经。」
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Our shared covenant, our Seven Principles, supports the free and responsible search for truth and meaning.
「我们共同遵守的盟约——七项原则——支持自由且负责任地追寻真理和意义。」
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Liberal Christianity at least tries to pay lip service to Jesus, but it often comes off as a Unitarian wannabe.
自由派基督教至少还会口头上提耶稣,可听起来往往就是想当 Unitarian 的模仿秀。
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A good way to expose the emptiness of liberal Christian deepities is just ask simple questions: How is love stronger than death?
揭露自由派基督教那些空洞「deepity」的好方法,就是提出简单的问题:爱怎么会比死亡更强?
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What makes love true?
是什么让爱「真实」?
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In doing this, you can show that the person is just dressing up secular hopeful thinking with religious language.
这样一来,你就能看出,对方只是在用宗教词汇包装世俗的美好愿景。
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I also notice that adherents of liberal Christianity often defend their position by casting traditional concepts of God or faith as just being for simpletons.
我还发现,自由派基督教的拥护者常常把传统的神观或信仰说成是给傻子准备的,以此来为自己的立场辩护。
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But their hasty dismissals, they often reveal their own simple grasp of theology.
然而他们这样草率地否定,反倒显露出自己对神学的理解也很肤浅。
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For example, Jones says, Crucifixion is not something that God is orchestrating from upstairs.
举个例子,Jones 说:「钉十字架不是神在上面操纵的事情。」
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The pervasive idea of an abusive godfather who sends his own kid to the cross so God could forgive people is nuts.
「那个把自己的孩子送上十字架好让神原谅人的施暴教父形象,简直疯狂。」
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Now, I expect this kind of misrepresentation of the Trinity from a village New Atheist, but not from a so-called Christian minister.
这种对三位一体的误解,我倒是预料得到乡村级 New Atheist 会说,但没想到会出自一位所谓的基督教牧师口中。
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She should understand that God became man to freely offer Himself as a sacrifice of love that outweighs the evil of our sins.
她应该明白,神成为人,就是为了自由地把自己献上,作为爱的祭物,其价值远远超过我们罪恶的邪恶。
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To misunderstand the crucifixion so badly and to sound so much like an atheist means you really are just Christian in name only.
如此严重误解十字架,而且听起来简直像个无神论者,这说明你不过是挂名基督徒。
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Jones also says that Christians who are obsessed with the resurrection have a wobbly faith.
Jones 还说,那些执着于复活的基督徒,信仰是摇摇欲坠的。
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She says, What if tomorrow someone found the body of Jesus still in the tomb?
她说:「如果明天有人在坟墓里找到了耶稣的遗体,那会怎样?」
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Would that then mean that Christianity was a lie?
「那是不是就说明基督教是谎言呢?」
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Faith is stronger than that.
「信心比这更强。」
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Well, I hate to break it to you, but it was Saint Paul who said, If Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain and your faith is in vain.
我得很遗憾地告诉你,这可是圣保罗说的:「若基督没有复活,我们所传的便是枉然,你们所信的也是枉然。」
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Jones tries to defend her assertion about the unimportance of the resurrection by saying this: The stories are all over the place.
Jones 试图为她「复活并不重要」的主张辩护,她说:「这些故事杂乱无章。」
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There's no resurrection story in Mark, just an empty tomb.
「马可福音里根本没有复活的故事,只有一个空坟墓。」
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Those who claim to know whether or not it happened are kidding themselves.
「那些自称知道复活是否发生的人都是在自欺欺人。」
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Now, it's true the shorter ending in the Gospel of Mark does not contain an appearance of the resurrected Jesus, but it absolutely contains a resurrection account because the young man at the tomb tells the women, Do not be amazed.
诚然,马可福音的短结尾没有记载复活后的耶稣显现,但它确实包含复活的记述,因为坟墓旁的少年人对妇女说:「不要惊恐!」
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You seek Jesus of Nazareth who was crucified.
「你们寻找那钉十字架的拿撒勒人耶稣;」
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He has risen.
「他已经复活了,」
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He is not here.
「不在这里。」
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See the place where they laid Him.
「请看安放他的地方。」
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But go tell His disciples and Peter that He is going before you to Galilee.
「你们可以去告诉他的门徒和彼得说:他在你们以先往加利利去。」
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There you will see Him as He told you.
「在那里你们要见他,正如他从前所告诉你们的。」
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This leads to another good question you should ask: How is a non-miraculous Christianity different from morally upright atheism?
这又引出了一个好问题:没有神迹的基督教,与品行端正的无神论有什么区别?
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Jones says that hell is just a reality we create when we reject love, and in Easter this represents love triumphing over suffering.
Jones 说,地狱只是我们拒绝爱时自己制造的现实,而复活节则代表爱战胜痛苦。
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But you could be an atheist who has hope and love or patiently endures suffering, so why even bother becoming a Christian at all?
可是无神论者照样可以怀抱希望和爱,或耐心忍受痛苦,那又何必去当基督徒呢?
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In fact, when the non-Christian interviewer asks if Jones is a Christian in spite of denying Jesus' miracles, Jones answers, Well, you sound an awful lot like me and I'm a Christian minister.
事实上,当那位非基督徒的采访者问 Jones:既然你否认耶稣的神迹,你还是基督徒吗?Jones 回答说:「嗯,你听起来跟我非常像,而我是基督教牧师。」
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And you might think she is a Christian because she talks about people being saved, which is what Universalists teach.
你可能会以为她是基督徒,因为她谈到「人人得救」,这正是 Universalist 的教导。
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To be saved means to be the beloved of God and it's as true for all Christians as it is for Muslims, Buddhists, Jews, Hindus, indigenous faith communities, and for all those who claim no faith, all of us.
「得救就是成为神所爱的;这对所有基督徒、穆斯林、佛教徒、犹太人、印度教徒、本土信仰群体,以及一切自称没有信仰的人——对我们所有人——都同样真实。」
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But when she was asked in the New York Times interview what happens after death, she said, I don't know.
可是当《纽约时报》采访她,问到人死后会怎样时,她说:「我不知道。」
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There may be something.
「可能会有什么。」
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There may be nothing.
「也可能什么都没有。」
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My faith is not tied to some divine promise about the afterlife.
「我的信仰并不系于关于来世的神的应许。」
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Now, Jones might say her theology isn't equivalent to atheism because she believes in God, but her god is so limited and disinterested in human affairs, he might as well be non-existent.
现在,Jones 可能会说她的神学并不等同于无神论,因为她相信神;但她所信的神如此有限、对人类事务漠不关心,几乎等同于不存在。
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For example, Jones says she doesn't worship an all-powerful, all-knowing God because that's allegedly a product of Roman juridical theory and Greek mythology .
比如,Jones 说她不敬拜一位全能、全知的神,因为那据称是罗马法律理论和希腊神话的产物。
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even though the gods of Greco-Roman mythology, they were limited in power, knowledge, and goodness.
然而,希腊罗马神话里的众神在能力、知识和良善上都很有限。
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She also claims that God doesn't answer prayers, and instead of controlling the world, He invites us into love, justice, and mercy.
她还宣称神不会回应祷告;祂不是掌控世界,而是邀请我们进入爱、公义和怜悯。
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Now this is a fairly common attitude among liberal Christians.
这种态度在自由派基督徒里相当常见。
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The Protestant apologist William Lane Craig once asked John Dominic Crossan, one of the world's most famous New Testament scholars, if God exists.
新教护教学家 William Lane Craig 曾经问过世界知名的新约学者 John Dominic Crossan:神是否存在?
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Simple question, right?
这问题很简单,对吧?
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But Crossan gave a really vague answer saying, God is just what we believe in.
但 Crossan 的回答非常含糊,他说:「神就是我们所相信的东西。」
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So Craig asked, Did God exist during the Jurassic age when there were no humans to believe in God?
于是 Craig 追问:「在侏罗纪时代,没有人类相信神的时候,神存在吗?」
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During the Jurassic age when there were no human beings, did God exist?
在没有人类的侏罗纪时代,神存在吗?
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Meaningless question.
「这个问题没有意义。」
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But surely that's not a meaningless question.
可这显然不是没有意义的问题。
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I mean, it's a factual question.
我的意思是,这是一道事实性的问题。
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Was there a being who, uh, was the creator and sustainer of the universe d- during that period of time when no human beings existed?
在当时没有人类的那段时期里,是否存在一位创造并托住宇宙的存在?
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It seems to me on your view you'd have to say no.
在我看来,按照你的观点,你得回答「没有」。
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Well, I would probably prefer to say no because what you're doing is trying to put yourself in the position of God and ask, Well, how is God apart from revelation?
嗯,我大概会倾向说「没有」,因为你是在把自己放到神的位置上问:「离开启示,神是什么样?」
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How is God apart from faith?
「离开信仰,神是什么样?」
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I don't know if you can do that.
我不知道你能不能那样做。
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The god of many liberal Christians might as well be a self-help book you pick up every few months for advice.
许多自由派基督徒的神,简直就像你隔几个月翻一次的自助励志书。
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There's two things I appreciate.
有两件事我很感激。
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One, when people like this channel and subscribe to it to not miss out on great content and support us at trenthornpodcast.com.
第一,当人们给这个频道点赞并订阅,避免错过精彩内容,并在 trenthornpodcast.com 支持我们时。
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Really appreciate that.
我真的很感激。
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And two, I appreciate when atheists call out liberal Christians for believing in things like a god who can't really do anything at all.
第二,我也很感激无神论者会指出自由派基督徒所信的神根本无所作为。
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The atheist B.C. Johnson once criticized liberal answers to the problem of evil that say evil exists because God just isn't powerful enough to stop evil.
无神论者 B.C. Johnson 曾批评自由派对恶的问题的回答:他们说恶之所以存在,是因为神的能力不够强,无法阻止恶。
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Johnson writes, Such a god, if not dead, is the next thing to it, and a person who believes in such a ghost of a god is practically an atheist.
Johnson 写道:「这样的神要么已经死了,要么离死不远;相信这样一个似有似无『神』的人,其实就是无神论者。」
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To call such a thing 'god' would be to strain the meaning of the word.
把这种东西称为『神』,就是在硬拗这个词的意义。
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With this understanding of god, it's not surprising you have places like the United Church of Canada that have ordained women like Greta Vosper to be ministers in spite of the fact that Vosper is an atheist.
在这种对神的理解下,加拿大联合教会会按立像 Greta Vosper 这样甚至是无神论者的女性成为牧师,也就不足为奇了。
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One of her book's titles perfectly summarizes the essence of liberal theology: With or Without God: Why the Way We Live is More Important than What We Believe.
她有本书的标题完全概括了自由派神学的精髓:《有神无神:为什么活法比信什么更重要》。
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In fact, one of my favorite take-downs of liberal Christianity comes from the late atheist Christopher Hitchens.
事实上,我最喜欢的对自由派基督教的痛击之一来自已故无神论者 Christopher Hitchens。
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In 2012, the Unitarian Universalist Marilyn Seewell interviewed Hitchens and criticized him for not engaging more liberal Christianity instead of what she considers fundamentalism.
2012 年,Unitarian Universalist 的 Marilyn Seewell 采访 Hitchens,并批评他说他只针对她认为的原教旨主义,而没有更多回应自由派基督教。
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Like Serene Jones, Seewell calls herself a Christian, but she believes Jesus was just a model of social justice, and salvation is just a complicated metaphor for being dead to the world and dead to other people so you can be raised to new life.
和 Serene Jones 一样,Seewell 自称是基督徒,但她认为耶稣只是社会公义的榜样,得救不过是个复杂的隐喻,意思是对世界和他人死去,好让你获得新生命。
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Here is my favorite part of their discussion.
下面是我最喜欢的讨论片段。
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It seems to me that you're generally referring to fundamentalist faith of various kinds.
在我看来,你基本上是在谈各种原教旨主义信仰。
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Now I'm, I'm a liberal Christian, um, and I don't take the stories from the Scripture literally.
我是个自由派基督徒,嗯,我不会把圣经故事按字面理解。
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I don't believe in the doctrine of atonement, that Jesus died for our sins, for example.
举例来说,我不相信代赎教义,也就是耶稣为我们的罪而死。
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Do you make any distinction between fundamentalist faith and liberal religion?
你会区分原教旨信仰和自由派宗教吗?
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Well, only in this respect.
嗯,只在这一点上。
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I would say that if you don't believe that Jesus of Nazareth was the Christ, in other words, the Messiah, and that He rose again from the dead and that by His sacrifice our sins are forgiven, you are really not, in any meaningful sense, a Christian.
我会说,如果你不相信拿撒勒人耶稣是基督,也就是弥赛亚,不相信他从死里复活,并且藉着他的牺牲我们的罪得赦,那么在任何有意义的层面上,你都算不上基督徒。
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Well, I, I disagree with that.
嗯,我不同意。
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I consider myself a Christian.
我认为自己是基督徒。
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I believe in the Jesus story as story, as narrative, and Jesus as a, a, a person whose life is exemplary and that, that I want to follow.
我把耶稣的故事当作故事、叙事来看,耶稣是一位榜样式的人物,我想要跟随他的榜样。
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But I do not believe in all that stuff that I just, um, just outlined.
但我并不相信我刚才提及的那些教义。
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Well, I, I simply have to tell you that, uh, every, every major Christian thinker or theologian has said that without the resurrection and without the forgiveness of sin, what I call the vicarious redemption, um, it's meaningless.
我得告诉你,所有主要的基督教思想家和神学家都说过,如果没有复活和罪得赦,也就是我所说的代赎,一切都毫无意义。
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In fact, it isn't If it Without that, it isn't even a nice story.
事实上,没有这些,它甚至称不上是个好故事。
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Thank you!
谢谢!
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Our Easter joy is not found in meaningless deepities like hope in hope or faith in faith.
我们的复活节喜乐不是来自「把希望寄托在希望上」「把信心寄托在信心上」这样的空洞『deepity』。
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Our hope isn't grounded in the platitudes of liberal Christianity.
我们的盼望不是建立在自由派基督教的陈词滥调上。
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I mean, listen to how Serene Jones describes her faith and just how hollow it is compared to God demonstrating His love for us through His life, death, and resurrection.
你听听 Serene Jones 如何描述她的信仰,再和神藉着自己的生、死、复活向我们显明的爱相比,就知道它有多空洞。
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We are God-created, Jesus-grounded, grace-bounded, love-bounded, church-grounded We proclaim the universal reach of God's love and mercy, and we affirm that we are interwoven in the depths of the earth, bound together and inspirited with the breath of God's life.
「我们是神所造,以耶稣为根基,被恩典环绕,被爱环绕,以教会为根基……我们宣告神的爱和怜悯普世皆及,并肯定我们在地的深处紧密相连,被神生命的气息连结、振奋。」
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And despite the harsh truth that we turn away from it and sin and seek our own destruction, the Spirit moves back through us and calls us to seek life abundant.
「尽管严酷的事实是我们背离这份爱、犯罪、自取灭亡,圣灵仍在我们里面运行,呼召我们追求丰盛的生命。」
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That's it.
就是这样。
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Whatever that is, it ain't Christianity.
不管那是什么,反正不是基督教。
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And even within the Catholic Church, you can find nuns and priests and members of the parish council preaching this kind of nonsense.
即便在公教会里,你也能看到修女、祭司和堂区理事会成员宣扬这种荒唐言论。
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And frankly, young people are sick of it.
坦白说,年轻人已经受够了。
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It's why the Associated Press covered a story back in April about the growth of young traditionalists within the Catholic faith.
这就是为什么美联社在四月报道公教会内部年轻传统派人数增长的新闻。
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Young women now who are wanting to enter religious life, they want to enter full throttle, and they want to be like brides of Christ, and to wear a habit is to really signify that every day.
如今想要进入修会生活的年轻女性希望全力以赴,想成为基督的新娘,每天穿修会服就是这种身分的标记。
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Christianity is grounded in Christ, and the reality of who Christ is is grounded in His resurrection from the dead.
基督教以基督为根基,而基督是谁这一事实,则建立在他从死里复活。
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That is the only fact that explains how Christianity began in the first place in an ancient world that did not build religions around platitudes.
这一事实是唯一能解释基督教在古代世界兴起的原因——那个时代的宗教不会围绕陈词滥调建立。
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The only reason the disciples did not think their rabbi was just another failed messiah like all the others is because He proved He was not a failure by rising from the dead three days later and appearing to them.
门徒之所以没有把自己的拉比当成又一个失败的弥赛亚,唯一的原因就是他在三天后从死里复活并向他们显现,证明自己不是失败者。
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God proved love is stronger than death not through deepities or platitudes, but through a glorious, historical triumph over the grave.
神证明爱比死亡更强大,不是靠『deepity』或陈词滥调,而是靠在历史中荣耀地战胜坟墓。
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As Christ Himself declared, I died, and behold, I am alive forevermore, and I have the keys of Death and Hades.
正如基督亲自宣告:「我是那存活的;我曾死过,现在又活了,直活到永永远远,并且拿着死亡和阴间的钥匙。」
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This is the faith in which we have faith, and it is more comforting than the drivel of liberal Christianity.
这就是我们所信的信仰,比自由派基督教的废话更能带来安慰。
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Thank you so much for watching, and I hope you have a very blessed day.
非常感谢你的观看,愿你今天蒙受丰盛的祝福。