近年来，我们目睹了美国低教会派福音派新教基督教的衰落。 Over the recent years, we have seen the decline of low church evangelical Protestant Christianity in America.
数以百万计的灵魂正在离开浸信会、五旬节派等福音派各宗派，以及所谓的无宗派教会。 Millions of souls are leaving the various sects of evangelicalism such as Baptists, Pentecostals, and so-called non-denominational churches.
这些人发现自己皈依了罗马公教会或东正教会，认为它们才是真理。 These men have found themselves converting to either Roman Catholicism or Eastern Orthodoxy, believing them to be the truth.
事实上，福音派教会很可能撑不过未来50年，因 为许多人正放弃福音派，转而归信正教或公教。 Indeed, it seems unlikely that evangelical churches will survive the next 50 years as many are abandoning evangelicalism for orthodoxy into Catholicism.
但这本身并不能证明新教是虚假的。 But this alone does not prove Protestantism is false.
特别是2022年以来，出现了所谓新教传统主义或古 典新教的复兴浪潮，比如圣公会、路德宗和长老会。 In recent years, such as since 2022 in particular, there has been a push for a revival of so-called Protestant traditionalism or classical Protestantism, such as Anglicans, Lutherans, and Presbyterians.
他们提出解决新教消亡问题的方案，即回归新教传统。 They propose a solution to the problem of the death of Protestantism, that being a return to Protestant traditions.
但他们最终未能解决新教的主要问题，也是新教不可能是真理的根本原因。 However, they ultimately failed to resolve Protestantism's main problem, the ultimate reason why Protestantism cannot be true.
我是帕特里克弟兄，这就是新教失败之处。 I am Brother Patrick, and this is where Protestantism fails.
确实有许多人被公教和正教吸引，是因为格列高利 圣咏、焚香、可敬圣徒的圣像壁画等美学元素。 While it is certainly true that there are many who become attracted to Catholicism and Orthodoxy because of the aesthetics such as the Gregorian chanting, the burning of incense, and the icons and frescoes of the venerable dead.
但归根结底，使徒教会具有而新教缺失的某种特质，才是真正吸引他们的关键。 However, there is ultimately something which is missing in Protestantism that they find very attractive about the Apostolic churches.
这个特质就是：在新教体系下，你不可能确知任何神学真理。 This is that under Protestantism, it is impossible to know anything theologically for certain.
你永远无法百分百确定自己对核心教义的解读是正确的— —正是这种确定性和清晰性的缺失，导致人们离开新教。 There is no way you can be 100% sure that you are right about key doctrines, and this is why people leave Protestantism, because of this, uh, lack of certainty and clarity.
讽刺的是，高教会派新教徒历来指责使徒教会犯的正是这个毛病。 Ironically, this is something which high church Protestants have traditionally accused the Apostolic Church to be guilty of.
但现实中，在这方面犯错的其实是新教徒自己。 However, this is an issue which, in reality, it is the Protestants who are guilty of in this regard.
根源在于新教对唯独圣经的理解，即主张圣经是神启示唯一无误的来源。 This is because of the Protestant understanding of sola scriptura, or the assertion that the scriptures alone are the sole infallible source of divine revelation.
在新教圈子里，这被奉为基督教教义的信条。 This is something that is presented as a dogma of the Christian religion in Protestant circles.
包括我在内的许多新教徒（当时我还自认是新教徒）都在这个圈子里被如此教导。 And many Protestants, such as myself when I was still considering myself a Protestant, were taught this in their circles.
但新教圈子从不讨论一个我认为更重要的问题：为什么是圣经？ However, what is not discussed in Protestant circles is a question which I think is far more important: Why scripture?
我们为何认定圣经是神的启示？ Why do we affirm the Holy Scriptures as being divine revelation?
即便在古典新教徒中，大多数人也没被教导要思考这个问题。 Even among classical Protestants, this isn't an issue most are even taught to ask.
现存少数仍坚持尼西亚信经、拒绝一切关于神本质之谬误的传统长老会 ，通常也不会教导信徒圣经从何而来——甚至没人想过要问这个问题。 And whenever few traditional Presbyterian churches there are left which still affirm the proclamations of Nicea and reject all errors regarding that which God is, the people are still generally not taught about where the Bible comes from, if anyone even thinks of asking that question.
有人讽刺说，新教徒以为圣经是从天上掉下来的，或是主给使徒们留下了一本完整的圣经。 It is, of course, rather sarcastically and tongue in cheek declared that Protestants think the Bible fell out of the sky or that our Lord left the apostles with a completed Bible.
但这与我受的教导相去不远——我接触过的改宗 使徒基督教的归正者，多数人也受过类似教导。 However, this is not that far off from what I was taught and from most of the ex-Protestants who became Apostolic Christians that I spoke to, they were taught something along these lines also.
他们被引导相信圣经是凭空出现的，或是某天突然 降世，甚至以为是基督将成书圣经交给了使徒。 They are left to believe that the Bible somehow spawned in as though it fell out of the sky or simply appear one day, or even though as such Christ gave the apostles the completed Bible.
而按新教观点，圣经是信仰唯一无误的准则。 And the Bible, according to Protestants, is the sole infallible rule of faith.
但事实是，复活后的主并没有留下定本的圣经。 However, the truth is, is that after the resurrection, our Lord did not leave behind a finished canon of the scriptures.
他留下的是一个教会。 Rather, he left behind a church.
请注意，这个教会不是浸信会或任何新教教会。 And make no mistake, this church was not a Baptist or some kind of Protestant church.
就连许多古典新教护教士都承认，早期教会不是长老会或路德会。 This is even to the admission of many classical Protestant apologists, that the early church was not a Presbyterian or Lutheran church.
且不说承认自己不属于基督建立的教会是个严重问题（这意 味着寻找使徒教会的人可以直接忽略你们这个宗派）—— And aside from the fact that conceding that you are not a part of the church that Christ founded is a very serious issue that you have just conceded, since this means that anyone looking for the church of the apostles can simply forget about you and your sect.
这也说明新教教义在早期教会中并不存在。 This also means that doctrinally, the Protestant views aren't in the early church.
基督交给使徒的正是这个非新教的教会，而使徒们的著作后来成为新约圣经。 This church, this church which is not any Protestant denomination, is what Christ left to the apostles, and the writings of the apostles would become the New Testament of our Lord.
所以若宣称必须靠圣经才能无误认知真理，我们就陷入了一个困境： So in declaring that the Bible is needed to infallibly know anything, then we have a problem.
圣经正典的确定是在使徒时代数百年后才完成的。 The canonization of the Bible wouldn't come along for centuries after the apostles.
如今新教徒已意识到这个问题，近年来试图通过宣称『圣经正典本 身并非无误，只是可错的目录，但其中文字本身无误』来回应。 Now, Protestants have realized the problem with this, and in recent years have attempted to respond to the canon by saying that the canon of the Bible itself is not infallible and it is truly a fallible list, but the words themselves are that which is infallible.
但这又引发了全新的难题。 However, this opens a new can of worms entirely.
若圣经正典可错而文字无误，就可能产生无数种圣经正典。 If the canon of the Bible is fallible, but the words aren't, then it is possible to produce an infinite number of Bible canons.
而早期教会确实发生过这种情况。 And sure enough, that's exactly what happened in the early church.
加文·奥特伦德等新教护教士甚至以此攻击公教圣经正 典——因为确非所有教父都承认公教73卷的正典。 Some Protestant apologists such as Gavin Ortlund have actually cited this against the Catholic canon of the Bible, because it is true that not every father held to the Catholic 73-book canon of the Bible.
但这无关紧要：当这些先贤争论时圣经尚未正典 化，自然不可能全都确认与我们相同的正典。 But this is irrelevant, as the Bible hadn't been canonized yet when these men disagreed on it, so it is rather expected that these men would not, uh, all affirm the exact same Bible canon that we do.
事实上，这反而证明了为何需要正典化圣经。 In fact, this only furthermore proves why the scriptures needed to be canonized in the first place.
新教最终采用66卷正典纯属历史偶然——连马丁·路德都曾想剔除希伯来书、圣雅各 书信、圣犹大书信和圣约翰启示录。你本能地反对这点，因你知道这些书卷属于圣经。 The fact that it just so happened for the Protestants to arrive at a 66 canon conclusion is frankly just how history played out, as Martin Luther also wanted to remove the Epistle of Hebrews, the Epistle of Saint James, the Epistle of Saint Jude, and the Apocalypse of Saint John.You might instinctively disagree with that, as you know those books are in the Bible.
但你为何知道？ But why do you know those books are in the Bible?
你凭什么认定任何经卷是神的启示？ What grounds do you have to affirm that any book of the Holy Writ is indeed divinely inspired?
除非你承认无误的正典，否则无权反对增删经卷。 Unless you affirm an infallible canon, you cannot object to any of these being made, uh, sacred Scripture or removed from sacred Scripture.
同理，若有人想随意添加经卷，谁能阻止？ Likewise, what prevents anyone from tacking on any books that they just want to add into the sacred Scriptures whenever they're interested?
圣经本身并未提供判断某书是否属经的标准。 There is no objective grounds in the Bible that's to say what the standard for something to be in the Bible are.
若按许多新教徒所言这仅是『基督徒自由』问题 ，那么任何人都可将自认有益的著作纳入圣经。 If this is all just a matter of Christian liberty, as many Protestants have tried to make it out, then there is no reason why anyone couldn't add any edifying works to the Scripture which they personally accepted to be Holy Writ.
我大可将柏拉图的《理想国》或《神学大全》加入正典。 I could decide to add The Republic of Plato into the canon of the Bible if I wanted to, or decide to add the Summa Theologica in there.
若无无误正典，谁能阻止我？ What is there to stop me if there is no infallible canon?
既然他们认为正典书目可错，任何人都可宣称某书无误。 Due to the fact that they believe it is a fallible list of books, it is possible for anyone to declare any book that they would like to as infallible.
你或觉荒谬，但为何荒谬？ You may consider this to be absurd, but why do you consider it to be absurd?
按新教框架，这完全合理。 According to the Protestant framework, there is no reason why this would not be allowed.
为解决唯独圣经的困境，一些新教护教士提出『唯独使徒』方案。 To resolve the dilemma of sola Scriptura, many Protestant apologists have proposed a solution to the problem, that being sola apostolica.
宣称只要确认某内容来自使徒和/或先知，即可认定其无误。 They say that we can know something is infallible if we know that it is from the apostles and/or the prophets.
通常先知也被纳入『唯独使徒』范畴。 Generally, the prophets are also included in the apostolica in sola apostolica.
即便忽略旧约新约许多书卷非使徒先知所写（如马可福音、路加福音非使徒所作）—— Even if we were to overlook the fact that many books of the Old Testament and New Testament were not written by the apostles and prophets, for example, m- uh, the Gospel of Mark and the Gospel of Luke were not written by apostles.
在唯独使徒框架下，这些书卷本就不该列入正典。 So under an, the sola apostolica framework, this would not justify them as being in the canon of sacred Scriptures.
但即便忽略这些，更严重的循环论证问题又出现了。 But even if we were to kind of forget all of this, this introduces a new worse problem of circular reasoning.
断言『使徒著作皆无误且唯独这些无误』，只能通过使徒著作（如福音书和书信）来证明。 The assertion that all of the writings of the apostles are infallible and this is all that is infallible means that the only way you can justify this is through the writings of the apostles, such as the Gospels and the Epistles.
而我们之所以知道这些无误，又因使徒著作本身无误。 But the only way that we know these things are infallible anyways is because the writings of the apostles are infallible.
这种循环论证既无法确证正典无误，也无法确证圣经权威的教义——这完全违背逻辑。 Using this kind of circular reasoning cannot prove a canon of Scripture infallibly, nor can it prove a doctrine on the authority of Scripture as this violates all concepts of logic.
他们期待此说成立，是因预设了『我们已承认使徒先知著作无误』。 The reason why they expect this to work is because they are relying on the presupposition that we already accept the writings of the apostles and the prophets as infallible.
这其实是『你输即我赢』的谬误：他们强迫我们 接受其框架，预设其权威无误而要我们自证。 However, this is because they are simply engaging in the you lose so I win fallacy, where they expect us to bind ourselves to their framework, where we presuppose that their authority is infallible and we have to prove theirs.
因此他们无需自证其框架正确。 Therefore, they don't actually need to prove anything from their framework in order for it to be true.
但即便我们暂时搁置逻辑、代入新教徒思维，这仍行不通。 However, even if we were to temporarily suspend the laws of logic and enter into the minds of a Protestant, this still would not work.
若预设『唯独使徒授权的内容才可确信无误』这一武断标准 ，又会陷入新困境：圣经从未授权唯独圣经具有使徒权威。 Presupposing the rather arbitrary standard that, uh, only the things the apostles themselves give authority to is that which can be infallibly believed, we run into a dilemma of the fact that Scripture do not give Scripture alone apostolic authority.
圣保罗在提后3:8写道： Saint Paul wrote to Saint Timothy in Second Timothy 3:8.
「雅尼和佯庇怎样敌挡摩西，这等人也怎样敌挡 真道。他们的心地坏了，在真道上是可废弃的」 "Now just as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses, so do these also resist the truth, men of corrupt minds and reprobate concerning the faith."
雅尼和佯庇这两个人物并未出现在旧约中。 Jannes and Jambres are figures who are not found in the Old Testament.
这正是一个被赋予使徒权威的口传传统。 This is an oral spoken tradition being given apostolic authority.
有人会辩称这只是用于提供历史信息，而非定义信理内容。 Some will object to this fact by stating that this is only being used to give historical information and not being used to define anything that is de fide.
但这个传统正被用于教导关于拒绝神恩者的教义，绝非无关紧要。 However, this tradition is being used to teach doctrine regarding those who reject divine grace and cannot simply be ignored.
更重要的是，圣保罗在致得撒洛尼人后书中教导： And even more importantly, does Saint Paul teach us in his second epistle to the Thessalonians.
「所以弟兄们，你们要站立得稳，凡所领受的传 授，或由言语，或由我们的书信，都要坚守」 "Therefore, brethren, stand fast and hold to the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word or of by epistle."
使徒权威再次被赋予书信和口头教导，而非唯独圣经。 Once again, apostolic authority is not being given to Scriptures alone, but rather both to the Epistles and those things which are taught by word.
使徒的口传传统被授予权威，圣保罗命令得撒洛尼选民坚守这些传统。 Oral traditions of the apostles are being given apostolic authority, and Saint Paul is ordering the elect of Thessalonica to hold fast to them.
仍有人坚称圣保罗提及的口传都已收录在圣经中。 Some will still object by arguing that all of the traditions which Saint Paul says were taught by word are already in the Holy Bible.
但事实显然并非如此——没人能在圣经里找到完整的教规汇编或使徒传统集。 But this is objectively not the case, as no one has ever opened up their Bibles and found in it something along the lines of a compendium of canons and apostolic traditions.
但我们确实多次看到使徒（如圣保罗和圣约翰）表示会当面告知更多内容。 But we do find many instances of the apostles themselves, such as Saint Paul and Saint John, saying he will tell p- the people he is writing to more things in person.
这些当面教导当然具有使徒权威，却未收录在圣经里。 These, of course, will still possess the charism of apostolic authority, and yet they are not found within the Holy Bible.
许多这类传统被教父记录下来，公教会至今仍知晓。 Many of these traditions were written down by the Church Fathers and are today known to the Catholic Church.
但它们不属于圣经正典，故不被视为无误——尽管具有使徒权威。用唯独 使徒框架论证唯独圣经时，最明显的矛盾莫过于《致劳狄刻亚人书》。 However, they are not in the canons of Scripture and therefore are not being treated as infallible, even in spite of the fact that they are given apostolic authority.Perhaps one of the most glaring problems with the Sola Apostolica framework to argue for Sola Scriptura is that of the Epistle to the Laodiceans.
这封圣保罗所写书信虽未收入圣经，却在圣经中被提及： It is an epistle which Saint Paul wrote which, while not being in the Bible, is referenced in the Bible.
「请问候劳狄刻亚的弟兄们和宁法，以及他家里的教会。这封信宣读之后， 务要使在劳狄刻亚的教会也宣读；你们也要宣读从劳狄刻亚转来的那封信」 "Salute the brethren which are in Laodicea and Nymphas, and the church which is in his house.
这封书信不在圣经中，却被圣保罗明确赋予使徒权威。 And when this epistle is read among you, cause it to be read also in the Church of the Laodiceans, and that they likewise read the epistle that is from Laodicea." This epistle is not in the Bible, yet Saint Paul is choosing to give it apostolic authority.
因此，圣经之外的某物被确认具有使徒权威。 Therefore, something outside of the Bible is confirmed to have been given apostolic authority.
所以即便采用新教的唯独使徒框架，也无法证明唯独圣经无误。 So even presuming the Protestant Sola Apostolica framework, it wouldn't prove that Sola Scriptura is infallible.
反而预先驳斥了它——我们清楚看到使徒权威被授予了圣经之外的事物。 Rather, it pre-refutes it, as we, uh, clearly see apostolic authority being given to things outside of the Scriptures.
任何试图用唯独使徒世界观来论证唯独圣经的尝试（尤其考虑到他们对使徒权 威的脆弱定义），都是自我驳斥的，绝非证明唯独圣经无误的逻辑自洽方法。 So any attempt to justify Sola Scriptura by presupposing a Sola Apostolica worldview, especially considering the flimsiness of what they consider to be apostolic authority, is completely self-refuting and is not a logically coherent method of proving that the Scriptures alone are fallible.
新教最成问题的主张之一是对次经的否定。 One of the incredibly problematic propositions of Protestantism is their rejection of the books of the Deuterocanon.
确实，圣经正典的争议持续了多个世纪。 It is true for centuries the debate regarding the canon of the Holy Bible was not resolved.
有些公教护教士声称第四世纪已解决此问题——虽属实却有误导性。 Some Catholic apologists have claimed that it was resolved in the 4th century, which, while true, is misleading.
直到特伦托大公会议（1646年）才普世性无 误地确定正典——对新教徒而言则从未确定。 The canon of the Bible was not an ecumenically and infallibly defined issue until the Council of Trent in f- 1646, or for Protestants, never.
彼时正典问题才真正终结。 It was only then that the canon was truly a closed issue.
但新教所谓『持续争议』的说法更具误导性。 However, the Protestant claim that it was a topic of constant debate is even more misleading.
自圣耶柔米完成拉丁通行本圣经翻译后，正典问题已无激烈争论。 After Saint Jerome translated and composed the Latin Vulgate translation of the Holy Bible, the canon was not ragingly debated.
事实上，后来多次大公会议都确认了罗马会议关于圣经正典的决定。 In fact, there were multiple councils afterwards which upheld the Council of Rome's decision regarding the canon of Sacred Scripture.
那些质疑正典者，并非认为次经文本本身有问题。 However, those who disputed the canon of Scriptures didn't do it because they considered there to be anything wrong with these texts.
确实有史蒂文·安德森等新教徒完全否定次经价值，视其为垃圾。 It is true that some Protestants, like Steven Anderson, do not value the deuterocanonical books at all and consider them to be junk.
「这些乱七八糟的伪经混在文本里」 And then you have all these goofball apocryphal works mixed into the text.
「看看犹滴传」 Looks like Judith.
但较理性的新教徒如马修·艾伯哈特博士，仍认为 次经是杰出且有益的著作——只是不属神的启示。 But more reasonable Protestants, such as Dr. Matthew Eberhart, consider the deuterocanonical books to still be masterful and edifying, but regardless, not divinely inspired.
「我说过很好」 I said good.
「但没说受默示」 I didn't say inspired.
若你是新教徒或像我一样的归正信徒，我们不认为次经属于圣经。 If you're a Protestant or if you're Reformed like I am, uh, we don't consider the Apocrypha to be part of the Bible.
事实上，长老会的《威斯敏斯特信纲》第一章明确声明：「次经不属于神默示 的圣经，其权威性不应超过其他人间著作。」但这不意味着它们毫无价值。 In fact, for Presbyterians, the Westminster Confession of Faith makes that very clear in chapter one that, "The Apocrypha are not to be considered part of the divinely inspired Holy Scriptures, and are therefore not to be used or consulted any more than any other human writings." But that doesn't necessarily mean e- any less either.
我们仍可用作参考， And so we can use these for reference.
用于历史研究。 We can use these for historical study.
甚至次经中某些灵修材料也颇具助益。 In fact, there are even some things that we might even consider some devotional materials in the Apocrypha that might be helpful.
但我们不承认次经具有默示圣经的地位。 But nevertheless, we do not assign to the Apocrypha the level of inspired Scriptures.
重申一次，并非因其内容无趣、缺乏历史价值，而是不像正典经卷那样属神的默示。 And again, it's not 'cause they're not interesting or they're not, um, curious or historically relevant, it's that they're not inspired like the rest of the canonical books are.
本视频中我想探讨的是... So what I'd like to do in this video is I'd like to...
虽然特伦托会议前确有虔诚公教徒对次经存疑，但其理由与新教徒截然不同。 While it is true that some faithful Catholics were skeptical of the deuterocanonical books prior to the Council of Trent, it is important to note that the justification for this was very different from the Protestants' justification.
例如卡耶坦枢机并不认为次经本身属神的默示，但其理由与同时代的马丁·路德不同。 For example, Cardinal Cajetan didn't believe that the books of the Deuterocanon were divinely inspired per se, but it is not for the same reason as his contemporary, Martin Luther.
这位枢机对「正典」定义更为宽松，且不认为次经包含异端教导。 Cardinal Cajetan was far more loose and liberal with his definition of the word canon, and didn't believe that the deuterocanonical books taught heresies.
因为他并不持守「唯独圣经正典无误」的观念。 This is because the cardinal wasn't laboring under the belief that only books within the canon of the Holy Bible were infallible or guaranteed to be free from error.
他只是认为这些文本的主要用途非教义性——这没错。 He simply believed the primary purpose of the text was not doctrinal, which is true.
比如《马加比传》主要是历史文献，不宜单独用于教义教导。 The Books of the Maccabees, for example, are largely historical texts and not to be used to teach doctrine alone.
但这不表示他认为其中存在神学错误，他承认其中教义 （如炼狱）——而现代新教徒正以此为由否定次经。 However, this doesn't mean that he had thought that they contained theological errors, as he affirmed the doctrines in there, which modern Protestants, y- uh, use to justify their rejection of the books, such as purgatory.
确实，虽然这些书主要目的非教义性，但绝不意味着毫无教义价值。 Indeed, while the book's primary purpose is not doctrinal, this doesn't mean that there is no doctrinal purpose in the books whatsoever.
马丁·路德也意识到这点。 And Martin Luther saw this.
他甚至认为旧约某些书卷也有误，称圣雅各书信为「草稗书信」。 In fact, he didn't even believe that all of the books of the Old Testament were free from error, going as far as to call the Epistles Saint James in Epistle of Straw.
「简言之，圣约翰福音与书信、圣保罗书信（尤其是罗马书、加拉太书、以弗所书） 和圣彼得前书，这些经卷已完整展现基督并阐明救恩所需的一切真理——即便你从未 读过其他经卷或教义。相较之下，圣雅各书信实属草稗，因其毫无福音本质。」 "In a word, Saint John's Gospel and his first epistles, Saint Paul's epistles, especially Romans, Galatians, and Ephesians, and Saint Peter's first epistle are the books that show you Christ and teach you all that is necessary and salvatory for you to know, even if you were to never see or hear any other book or doctrine.
他看出《马加比二书》明确教导为亡者祈祷（实质即炼狱） ，其他书卷也包含他反对的教义，因此断定这些不属圣经。 Therefore, Saint James's epistle is really an epistle of straw compared to these others, for it has nothing of the nature of the gospel in it." He saw that 2 Maccabees clearly taught prayers for the dead, in essence, purgatory, and other books clearly teach other doctrines which he disagreed with.
需注意，他并非主张自己有权裁定正典，而是认 为这些书卷与圣经矛盾，故违背基督教教义。 Therefore, his conclusion was that they must not be sacred Scripture.It is important to note that his view wasn't that he had the authority to determine the canon of sacred scripture, but rather that these books contradicted the scriptures and could, therefore, they contradicted Christian dogma.
但最终效果相同——路德否定教会信理宣告的无误性，转而私解圣经。 But ultimately, it does have the same effect as Martin Luther rejected the infallibility of the church's dogmatic professions and rather privately interpreted the scriptures.
因此他对正典范围的判定，本质是个人见解。 Therefore, his opinion on what books ought to be in the scriptures is ultimately a result of his personal opinion and interpretation.
这并非假定路德毫无依据。 This isn't to presume that Martin Luther had no justification for his beliefs.
其实他的理由很简单： In fact, his justification was rather simple.
犹太人不承认这些书卷为默示圣经。 The Jews did not accept them as infallible or as scripture.
但所谓「犹太人」非指梅瑟或厄里亚，而是耶路撒冷毁灭后持守《塔木德》的拉比犹太教。 However, when we say Jews, we aren't talking about the words of Moses or of Elijah, but rather of the rabbinic post-destruction of Jerusalem Talmudic Jews.
路德剔除次经的终极依据并非教会传统，而是诉诸那些拒绝基督的会众。 Martin Luther's ultimate justification for removing the books of the Deuterocanon from the sacred scripture was not from church history, but rather an appeal to those who rejected Christ in this church.
但基督教并非犹太教，也不是其分支。 However, Christianity is not Judaism, nor is it simply an offshoot of Judaism.
故不能以拉比犹太教为教义透镜，来判断哪些书卷该纳入基督教至圣经典。 Therefore, Talmudic Judaism cannot be viewed as a doctrinal lens to interpret which books belong in the most sacred composition of Christian writings to ever exist.
我们应当信赖基督教会的判断。 Rather, we should trust the Christian Church to tell us this.
但根本问题在于：正典议题沉寂1500年后才重获讨论。 But the ultimate problem here is the fact that it took 1,500 years for a canon issue to become relevant enough that it would still be discussed today.
基督教会用1500年才信理确定圣经正典，表明信徒并不急于确立官方无误的正典。 The fact that it took 1,500 years to dogmatically define the canon of scripture indicates that Christians were not in any particular hurry to create an official and inerrant canon of the sacred scriptures.
若新教徒否定382年罗马会议的正典，并承认四世纪时正典争议未 决，就必须接受：基督徒本就不急于无误确定正典，且能容忍不同观 点——若唯独圣经是获取信仰确知的唯一途径，这将构成重大矛盾。 If Protestants rejects the Council of Rome in 382's canon of scripture and recognized that the canonical debate was not closed in the fourth century, they must also accept that Christians were in no hurry to define this canon infallibly or inerrantly, and were fine with having differing views, which would be a major problem if sola scriptura was the only way we could infallibly know anything regarding faith.
若他们承认正典问题早已解决，则必须接受教会结论与其正典不符。 Or if they were to accept that it was a closed issue, then they would have to recognize that the conclusion the church reached wasn't their canon.
无论哪种情况，新教都难以自圆其说。 If either of these things are the case, then it cannot be true, and therefore, Protestantism is erroneous.
仍有新教徒指责使徒基督徒在圣经与教会关系上陷入循环论证。 Some Protestants will still accuse Apostolic Christians of circular reasoning regarding our relation to Scripture and the Church.
他们认为：我们因教会宣称而相信圣经真实，被追问教会为何真实 时又援引圣经，再被追问圣经真实性时复归教会——如此循环。 They believe that because we think that the Bible is true because the Church says so, but when pressed on why the Church is true, we say it's because of the Bible, and then when pressed on why the Bible is true, it's because the Church says so, we are committing circular reasoning.
若果真如此论证，确属循环论证。 Indeed, if this argument is being made, this is a circular argument.
但杰出公教护教士Transformed指出：这并非我们的理解方式。 However, as the great Catholic apologist Transformed states, this isn't how we understand this.
公教的论证非但不循环，更准确说是螺旋式——或者如我所示的线性论证。 The Catholic argument is not a circular one, but rather it w- is more explained spirally in a more accurate sense, or as I will demonstrate it, linearly.
证明任何命题前，须先证明神的存在。 Before anything else can be proven, it must first be proven that there is a God.
得益于苏格拉底等伟大哲人的工作（他为之献身的真 神信仰），我们确知单凭人类理性即可证明此命题。 Thanks to the work of the great philosophers such as Socrates, who gave his life for faith in the true God, we know that this much can be proven by pure human reason.
确立此命题后，须判定这位神是否启示自身及要求的崇拜方式。 Once this proposition has been proven, we must then determine whether or not this God has revealed Himself and how He desires to be worshiped.
通过证明这些命题，可判定基督教为真。 We can determine that Christianity is true by proving, uh, these propositions.
这需要研究各类古代文献：包括圣经，也包含见证主降临的其他预言文献，以及圣经外的 早期记录如《十二使徒遗训》、《黑马牧人书》、安提阿圣依纳爵书信和《使徒传统》。 This is done by the study of various ancient documents such as the Scriptures, but also other documents which testify and prophesy regarding the coming of our Lord, as well as documents which record Him, which are outside of the Scriptures, such as the Didache, The Shepherd of Hermas, the Epistles of St. Ignatius of Antioch, and the Apostolic Tradition.
一旦确认基督教真理，便知基督建立了一个将持续到末日的教会。 Once the truth of Christianity has been discovered, we can see that Christ established one Church, which He intended to continue until the end of days.
因此我们必须辨别哪个教会才是这个教会。 Therefore, we must see which church is this Church.
为此我们使用那些证明基督教可信度的相同文本。 We use the same texts that prove the proof of Christianity to this end.
例如，可证明摩门教和三K党等明显异端违背圣经， 而浸信会等宗派在婴儿洗礼问题上与古教会相悖。 For example, obvious heretics, such as Mormons and the Klan, can be proven as contradicting the Scriptures, and sects, such as the Baptists, can be proven to be contradicting the ancient Church on antebaptism.
如此便能将真理范围缩小到少数选项。 In doing this, the truth is narrowed down to a few options.
要么属于归正宗、路德宗，要么属于使徒传统。 It either has to be one of the Reformed, Lutheran, or Apostolic traditions.
但如本视频所示，我们能证明唯独圣经的错谬，因此正确答案必为使徒传统之一。 However, as demonstrated in this video, we can prove that sola scriptura is false, and therefore, it must be one of the Apostolic traditions.
我们可证明基督一性论错误，而「和子句」受拉丁教父一致共识及绝大多数东方教父支持。 We can prove that monophysitism is false and that the filioque is taught by the unanimous consensus of the Latin Fathers, as well as the vast majority of Eastern Fathers.
因此能确证公教的真实性——传统公教论证绝非循环，而是完全逻辑自洽的。 Therefore, it is possible to prove that Catholicism is true, and therefore, the traditional Catholic argument is not circular, but rather, it is completely logically coherent.
但这就是新教的根本问题及其失败原因。 But this is the ultimate problem with Protestantism and why Protestantism fails.
在新教体系下不可能无误认知任何事物。 It is impossible to infallibly know anything under the Protestant system.
我们陷入一切基于个人见解的境地。 We enter into a situation where everything is based on personal opinion.
你永远无法百分百确定自己对信仰和道德的认知正确。 There is no way for you to be 100% certain that you are correct on faith and morals.
因为即便圣经无误，你也无法确知自己是否误读经文得出错误结论。 Because while the Scriptures are infallible, you have no way to infallibly know that you are not just misreading the Scriptures and arriving at an erroneous conclusion.
当然。圣经在实质上足以判定一切真理，但初期教会从未 见证说圣经在形式上自足，或单凭圣经即可解释圣经。 Of course.The Holy Scriptures are materially sufficient for determining all that is true, but it is not the testimony of the early church that the scriptures are formally sufficient or that they are all that is needed to interpret the scriptures.
他们确认使徒传统的圣洁与真理——这是与圣经互补的神启示之源。 They affirm the sanctity in the truth of apostolic tradition, which is to a source of divine revelation, which runs complimentary to the Holy Bible.
研读教会史的基督徒不再信服新教主张，因这些终究是个人见解而非无误教义。 Christians who studied church history are not convinced anymore by the claims of Protestants as they ultimately are a result of personal opinions more than infallible doctrine.
新教的历史宣称包括：公教是邪教、公教徒崇拜圣 母马利亚、教宗是敌基督、罗马是巴比伦大淫妇。 The historical claims of the Protestants are that Catholicism is a demonic religion, that Catholics worship the Blessed Virgin Mary, that the Holy Father is the Antichrist, and that Rome is the horror of Babylon.
虽然许多新教徒似乎放弃了关于公教的末世论宣称，但 仍有大量诽谤至圣罗马教会及各正教会的谎言流传。 And while many Protestants seem to have abandoned their more eschatological claims regarding Catholicism, many of them continue to slander and lie about the most Holy Roman Church, as well as the various Orthodox churches.
当人们研读教会史——即便透过其宗派神学的荒谬透镜——很快会发现其 信仰并非古旧传统，而是文艺复兴人文主义的产物（其根源可追溯至希腊 罗马异教），加上对赎罪券等已废止400余年的问题的过度反应。 When people study church history, even through the absurd lenses of their denominations theology, they soon discover that their beliefs are not ancient in origin, but rather a product of Renaissance humanism, which has its origins in Greco-Roman paganism, as well as personal interpretations and an overcorrection to issues such as paid indulgences, which haven't been ir- irrelevant for over 400 years.
当他们向所属宗派提出这些疑问，很快发现没有一个新教教会敢自称能作出无误宣告。 When they bring these issues up to the teachings of their denominations, they soon discovered that not one Protestant church even claims the ability to make an infallible pronouncement.
因此，那些被教导为基督教基要真理（并宣称不信者将下地狱 ）的内容，实则是无法验证的私解，更非可无误确认的教义。 Therefore, the things which they were taught were fundamentals of the Christian faith in which they were taught Catholics were going to hell for not believing are, in reality, certain private interpretations which cannot be held up to any real standard, and they aren't things which can be infallibly affirmed.
许多新教徒尝试用路德宗、长老宗等高教会传统解决此困境。 Many Protestants have tried to resolve this dilemma with the high church Protestant traditions, such as Lutheran and Presbyterian ones.
但即便这些也未能提供公教会特有的绝对清晰性。 However, even those fail to provide the absolute clarity which one can find in the Catholic Church.
公教徒能绝对确信自己持守着历代选民保存的使徒 真道，因他明确知晓公教会无误定义的当信之理。 To the one who is in the Catholic Church, he can be absolutely certain that he holds to the true faith of the apostles preserved by the elect from all ages because he knows exactly what is de fide as it was defined without any error by the Catholic Church.
没有任何新教宗派具备这点——这正是新教徒纷纷离开的根本原因。 No Protestant denomination has this, and ultimately, this is why Protestants are leaving.
公教提供清晰的真理与无畏的真诚。 Catholicism offers clarity and unapologetic sincerity.
此外，新教徒从未完成其举证责任：既无法证明公教会背 离了基督福音，也无法证明其宗派恢复了失落的福音。 Furthermore, Protestants have not met the burden of proof that the Catholic Church has fallen away from the Gospel of Christ and that their sect has recovered the Gospel of Christ that was lost.
他们根本不可能向会众无误保证这点，因为他们甚至没有方法确认罗马教导存在任何错误。 There is no way they could infallibly assure their members of this reality because they don't even have a method of undoubtly defining that Rome teaches anything that is an error.
无论他们引用多少经文反驳你，都无法确信自己没误解经文及论证。 No matter how much scripture they cite against you on this matter, they can never be certain that they aren't misinterpreting the scriptures and their arguments against you.
唯有使徒传承的正统基督教——经大公会议颁布、由至圣 罗马公教会保存——才能给予人们所寻求的清晰确据。 Only authentic apostolic Christianity delivered to us by the Apostles, promulgated in the ecumenical councils, and preserved by the Holy Roman Catholic Church is able to give men the clarity that they seek.
所以新教徒啊，我恳请你们：研读圣经，分辨教父传承的传统。 So, Protestants, I plead to you, study the Scriptures and discern the traditions passed down from the fathers.
我保证你们找不到新教，也找不到「圣经是神启示唯一无误来源」的信念。 I promise you that you won't find Protestantism and you won't find the belief that the sacred Scriptures are the only infallible source of divine revelation.
愿神的眷佑引导你们，使你们列于选民之中。 May divine providence guide you and number you among the elect.
因父、及子、及圣灵之名。 In nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti.
阿们。 Amen.