我被邀请向大家讲述一个非常沉重的故事。 I was asked to speak to you about a very somber story.
这是一个充满悲剧的真实故事。 It's a true story filled with tragedy.
这并不是一个愉快的故事，但二十世纪二十年代和三十 年代墨西哥教会遭受的迫害有一些令人不安的意味。 It is not pleasant, but there are some ominous overtones and parallels between the persecution of the Catholic Church in Mexico in the 1920s and '30s.
当时和现在有一些令人不安的相似之处。 Some ominous overtones and parallels then and now.
所以，我想在这55分钟里，尽我所能展开北美公教历史 上这一可怕篇章的主要内容，或者说是最黑暗的部分。 So, what I'd like to do is, to the best I can in the space of 55 minutes, I'd like to unfold the basic highlights, or maybe I should say lowlights, of this terrible chapter in the history of the Catholic Church in North America.
我会尽力涵盖主要方面，让你们了解发生了什么，以及为什么会发生这些事。 I'll do my best to cover the main aspects to give you a sense of what happened and why it happened.
但在我讲述的过程中，我希望你们能在心里思考这些相似 之处，以及它们如何在今天的美国至少似乎正在重演。 But as I go through, I would like to ask you to be thinking in the back of your mind about some of these parallels and how they're appearing, at least to be playing out today in the United States.
首先我要说，我父亲这边是西班牙裔。 I'll begin by saying that I myself am Hispanic on my father's side.
我的家族来自西班牙和墨西哥，因此我的姓氏是马德里。 My family comes from Spain and Mexico, hence my last name, Madrid.
我想没有比这更能体现西班牙特色的姓氏了。 I don't think you can get much more Spanish than that.
在农民起义反抗政府之后发生的公教会遭受迫害的动荡时期，我的家人不得不逃离墨西哥。 My family had to flee from Mexico during the time of the troubles with the persecution of the Catholic Church that was preceded by the peasant rebellion against the government.
你们可能听说过潘乔·维拉和埃米利亚诺·萨帕塔等人的名字。 You've heard of names like Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata and various other people.
如果你去墨西哥餐厅，通常会在墙上看到这些人的照片，他们 被美化成富有魅力的、几乎是超凡脱俗的英雄人物，但实际上 ，像潘乔·维拉和萨帕塔这样反抗政府的人都是嗜血的罪犯。 If you go to a Mexican restaurant, typically you'll see pictures of these people on the walls, and they're glorified and made to appear as though they're these dashing, almost larger-than-life heroes, when in fact, people like Pancho Villa and Zapata and the others who were rebelling against the government were bloodthirsty criminals.
他们是杀人犯。 They were murderers.
他们不是应该被美化的人。 They were not people to be glorified.
但美国大多数人都不了解墨西哥历史，我并不怪他们，因为要记住我们 自己的历史就已经不容易了，更不用说详细了解其他国家的历史了。 But most people in the United States are ignorant of Mexican history, and I don't blame them because we have our own history to try to keep track of, and that's not easy, much less to know the history in detail of other countries.
但请注意，这些墨西哥历史人物在美国的形象，是由墨西哥当权者塑造给我们看的。 But please be aware of the fact that these figures in Mexican history, as they are portrayed to us in the United States, are portrayed to us by the people in Mexico who are in power.
稍后我会描述这些人中的一些是什么样的人。 I'll be describing in a little while who some of these people are.
但我的家人在那个时期不得不离开墨西哥。 But my family had to leave the country during this time.
许多人留了下来，许多人因着他们的公教信仰而受苦。 Many of them remained; many of them suffered for their Catholic faith.
其中一些人甚至被杀害了。 A few of them were even killed.
但我父亲这边的所有家人——马德里家族、莫利纳尔家族、索托家族，以及家族树的所 有其他分支——都以这样或那样的方式，经历了我即将向你们描述的那段苦难时期。 But all of my father's side of the family—the Madrids, the Molinars, the Sotos, and all the other branches of the family tree—in one way or another, they all suffered through the times that I am about to describe to you.
即使是粗略地谈论墨西哥的历史，我们也不能不花一 点时间来思考马利亚在墨西哥历史中所扮演的角色。 And we can't really speak about the history of Mexico, even in just a cursory way, without spending a few moments considering the role of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the history of Mexico.
我知道你们都熟悉这些，但偶尔重温这些细节是有帮助的。 I know all of you are familiar with this, but it's helpful to rehearse the details now and then.
我们不能忘记，墨西哥是一片直接受马利亚特别庇护和保护的土地。 We can't forget that Mexico is a land that's directly under the special patronage and the protection of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
毕竟，在1531年，她向现在的圣胡安·迭戈 显现，向他和所有尚未出生的墨西哥人宣告。 After all, it was in 1531 that she appeared to Juan Diego, now Saint Juan Diego, declaring to him and to all the Mexican people yet to be born.
她说了这些话：「听我说，我的孩子，要明白，任何事都不应该让你害怕或悲伤。」 She said these words: Hear me and understand well, my son, that nothing should frighten or grieve you.
「不要让你的心烦乱。」 Let not your heart be disturbed.
「不要害怕疾病或任何其他痛苦。」 Do not fear that sickness or any other sickness or anguish.
「我这个做母亲的不是在这里吗？」 Am I not here who is your mother?
「你不是在我的保护之下吗？」 Are you not under my protection?
「我不是你的健康吗？」 Am I not your health?
「你不是快乐地在我的怀抱中吗？」 Are you not happily within my fold?
「你还希望什么呢？」 What else do you wish?
「不要为任何事悲伤或烦扰。」 Do not grieve nor be disturbed by anything.
这些是马利亚的话语，在今天特别值得思考，尤 其是考虑到美国在堕胎等问题上存在的动荡。 Those are the words of Our Lady, and they're words worth thinking about today, especially given the turmoil that exists in the United States over the issue of abortion, among other issues.
我认为，这些话语能给我们带来安宁，同时也提醒我们拥 有马利亚的特别代祷，我们不应该把这视为理所当然。 Those words, I think, can have a very calming effect for us, but they also remind us that we have the special intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and we shouldn't take that for granted.
这些话语在墨西哥公教徒心中有着特殊的地位，自从圣母说出这些话以 来，他们面临了许多严峻的挑战，包括我现在要向你们描述的迫害。 These words have a special place in the hearts of Mexican Catholics who have faced many grievous challenges since the day that Our Lady uttered those words, including the persecution that I am going to describe to you now.
但在我详细解释二十和三十年代发生的事情之前 ，我应该先谈谈事情是如何发展到那个地步的。 But before I am able to properly explain what happened in the '20s and '30s, I should first talk a little bit about how we got to that point.
墨西哥当时有很多动荡——政治和社会的动荡。 There was a lot of ferment in Mexico—political and social ferment.
有很多动乱，这始于1808年拿破仑入侵西班牙 期间和之后，导致当时的君主费迪南七世退位。 There was a lot of turmoil, and this began to happen during and after Napoleon's 1808 invasion of Spain, which had led to the abdication of King Ferdinand VII, who was the monarch at the time.
一个新的西班牙政府被建立，实际上成为了法国王室的傀儡。 A new Spanish government was installed that essentially became a creature of the French crown.
你们将会看到法国不仅影响了西班牙，也影响了墨西哥，因为法国是启蒙运动的发源地。 And you're going to see how France affected not only Spain but also Mexico because France was the cradle of the Enlightenment.
你们都听说过启蒙运动这个词。 And you all have heard the term the Enlightenment.
法国、英国和德国的启蒙运动是一场哲学运动。 Well, the Enlightenment in France, along with England and Germany, was a philosophical movement.
它涵盖了科学、文化、政治，尤其是哲学。 It encompassed science and culture and politics and predominantly philosophy.
启蒙运动的许多错误源于启蒙思想家试图摆脱他们所认为的宗教枷锁 ，转而支持一种强大的、彻底的科学主义，抛弃了奇迹、启示和圣事 ，抛弃了教会，转而支持科学、国家权威以及人的自主性和哲学。 Much of what was wrong with the Enlightenment stemmed from the fact that the Enlightenment thinkers sought to throw off, as they would regard it, the shackles of religion in favor of a robust, thoroughgoing scientism, which dispensed with things like miracles, revelation, and sacraments, and the Church in favor of science, the authority of the state, and the autonomy of man and philosophy.
从许多方面来说，启蒙运动不仅仅是对公教会的直接攻击 ，更是对神在人类社会中扮演任何角色这一观念的攻击。 The Enlightenment was, in many respects, a direct attack not so much on the Catholic Church but upon the idea that God Himself has any role to play in human society.
因此，在启蒙运动之后，我们看到欧洲大陆发生巨大动荡并非偶然。 So it wasn't any coincidence, therefore, that we begin to see after the Enlightenment tremendous upheaval in continental Europe.
而且这种动荡并不局限于欧洲。 And it wasn't restricted to Europe.
在法国大革命之后，甚至在法国大革命之前，一些重要的——当我说重要时，我指的 是有影响力而不是好的——思想家，如托马斯·霍布斯、大卫·休谟、伊曼努尔·康 德、戈特弗里德·莱布尼茨、约翰·洛克、艾萨克·牛顿和让-雅克·卢梭，这些思 想家强有力地推动了许多哲学和政治运动，这些运动甚至延伸到了美国和墨西哥。 After the French Revolution, and even before the French Revolution, some of these great—and when I say great, I'm using it in the way of meaning influential as opposed to good—thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Gottfried Leibniz, John Locke, Isaac Newton, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, these and other thinkers really propelled quite forcefully a number of these philosophical and political movements that extended even into the United States as well as into Mexico.
虽然墨西哥的危机不能完全用与启蒙运动的因果关系来解释，但我认为二 十世纪二十和三十年代公教会遭受迫害的根源很大程度上要从那里找起。 Although the cause of the crisis in Mexico can't be wholly explained by a cause-effect relationship with the Enlightenment, I think it's largely there that we have to look to see the roots of the coming persecution of the Catholic Church in the 1920s and '30s.
这场源于启蒙时代的迫害的主要原因之一是共济会。 One of the major reasons for this persecution, which grew out of the Enlightenment era, is Freemasonry.
在过去的200年里，墨西哥一直被共济会牢牢控制；直到现在仍然被共济 会紧紧掌握，这是二十和三十年代迫害的直接原因，我们即将看到这一点。 Mexico has been in the death grip of Masonry for the last 200 years; it still is quite firmly in the grip of the Masonic lodges, and this is a direct cause of the persecution in the '20s and '30s, as we're about to see.
但这并不是唯一的问题。 But this wasn't the only problem.
诚然，共济会是墨西哥文化中一个非常严重的祸害，现在依然如此，但还有其他问题。 Certainly, Masonry was a very, very bad blight on Mexican culture, as it still is, but there were other problems.
政府将大多数产业国有化，这不仅是为了控制财富， 也是为了服务于政府中存在的且至今仍存在的腐败。 The government nationalized most of the industries as a way to not only control the wealth but also to serve the corruption that existed and still exists in the government.
腐败与贫困相伴而生，因为如果这些企业产生的财富被少 数富有的寡头把持，那就意味着绝大多数人因此而受苦。 Corruption went hand in hand with poverty because if the money that is being generated by these types of enterprises is being held in the hands of a few rich oligarchs, then that means that the vast majority of people are suffering as a result.
所以贫困，无论是过去还是现在，都在墨西哥的历史和问题中扮演着重要角色。 So poverty, then and now, has played a major factor in so much of Mexico's history and also Mexico's problems.
人们看着墨西哥，他们说，为什么他们就不能把事情理顺呢？ People look at Mexico and they say, How come they can't just get it together?
这部分是由于一方面是根深蒂固的贫困，另一方面是腐败，两者相互交织。 Well, it's partly due to that entrenched hand-in-hand combination of poverty on the one side and corruption on the other.
当然，共济会在这两方面都起了很大的作用。 And of course, Masonry has played a very big role in both.
现在我们需要再往前追溯一点，以了解二十和三十年代这场可怕的迫害是如何形成的。 Now we need to dial back just a little further to understand how this terrible persecution came to exist in the '20s and '30s.
我们要回到十八世纪和十九世纪，谈到一个名叫伊达尔戈的人。 We'll have to go back to the 18th century and into the 19th century to a man named Hidalgo.
伊达尔戈是一位公教神父。 Hidalgo was a Catholic priest.
他的全名是格雷戈里奥·安东尼奥·伊格纳西奥·伊达尔戈-科斯蒂亚 ·加列戈·蒙达特·比亚塞尼奥尔，所以我们就简称他为伊达尔戈。 Now, his full name was Gregorio Antonio Ignacio Hidalgo y Costilla Gallego Mondarte Villaseñor, so we can just call him Hidalgo.
他出生于1753年5月，死于1811年7月 。作为一位公教神父，他以学识渊博而闻名。 He was born in May of 1753 and he died in July of 1811. As a Catholic priest, he was very well known for his learning.
他是一位很受欢迎的作家，写了很多书。 He was very popular as an author; he wrote many books.
他能用许多印第安原住民语言熟练地说话、讲道和写作。 He was capable of speaking and preaching and writing effectively in many native Indian languages.
这不仅让他深受瓜纳华托州众多印第安人的喜爱，也使他的脱离西班牙王室独 立的主张在混血儿——那些西班牙和印第安血统混合的墨西哥人中很受欢迎。 And that not only enamored him to the Indians, who were populous in the state of Guanajuato where he was, but it also made his message of independence from the Spanish crown popular with the mestizos—the Mexicans who were a mixture of Spanish blood and Indian blood.
1810年9月16日，他向当地城镇发表了关于脱 离西班牙独立必要性的激动人心的演说，由此成名。 He became famous on September 16th of 1810 when he preached a rousing message to the local town on the necessity of independence from Spain.
这篇演说后来被称为《多洛雷斯呐喊》，意为痛苦的呐喊，这是人 民的痛苦，至少据描述，他们正在西班牙王室的沉重枷锁下受苦。 This speech was later entitled El Grito de Dolores, which means The Cry of Pain, and it was the pain of the people who, at least as it was described, were suffering under the heavy yoke of the Spanish crown.
随后发生了一场真正的起义。 What followed was a genuine uprising.
农民奋起反抗，开始为独立而战，但他们很快就被驻扎在 那里的西班牙士兵以优势的数量、装备和训练所击败。 The peasants rose up and began to fight for independence, but they were quickly crushed by the superior numbers, equipment, and training of the Spanish soldiers who were garrisoned there.
1811年1月16日，在卡尔德龙战役中，由伊达尔戈神父率领的叛军遭到 决定性的失败。虽然他本人逃脱了，但最终被自己的部下出卖给了西班牙人。 On January 16th of 1811, the rebels, with Father Hidalgo at their head, were decisively vanquished in the Battle of Calderón. Now, he himself escaped, but he was eventually betrayed to the Spanish by his own forces.
西班牙人抓住他后，将他拘留了几天，然后于1811年6月26日在奇瓦 瓦将他枪决。你可能会说，为什么帕特里克·马德里要谈论这个伊达尔戈？ After they caught him, the Spaniards detained him for a few days and then executed him by firing squad in Chihuahua on June 26th of 1811. You may be saying, Well, why is Patrick Madrid talking about this man Hidalgo?
这与一个多世纪后发生的迫害有什么关系？ What does this have to do with the persecutions that would come over a century later?
这是因为他作为一位公教神父，从那时起就被视为墨西哥独立的象征。 Well, it has to do with the fact that he, as a Catholic priest, was ever since that time seen as an icon of Mexican independence.
因此，在墨西哥的民族意识中，教会在某种意义上被视为解放者—— 从压迫中解放的力量，从加诸于人民的不公正法律中解放的力量。 So we have this national consciousness in Mexico that perceives the Church as, in a certain sense, a liberator—a liberator from oppression, a liberator from the unjust laws that had been invoked upon these people.
从那时起，教会站在人民一边的观念就很强烈，而且一直持续到现在。 Ever since that time, the notion of the Church being on the side of the people was very strong; it continues to be strong.
但随着共济会在墨西哥政治中的影响力不断增长，随着共济会成员开始越 来越多地控制政治体系，最终控制了所有主要政府部门，他们对公教会的 反感达到了这样的程度：他们意识到必须采取行动来清除这个障碍。 But as the influence of Masonry grew and grew in Mexican politics, and as Masons began to further and further control the political system and eventually all the major government offices, their antipathy toward the Catholic Church got to the point where they realized that they had to do something to remove this obstacle from their midst.
再往后说，在美国内战期间，同样有许多共济会成员参与政府的美 国展示了对1823年宣布的门罗主义的承诺。该主义誓言反对任 何欧洲势力在西半球殖民或干预西半球任何国家事务的企图。 Moving a little further, later during the time of the U.S. Civil War, the United States, also with plenty of Masons involved in the government, demonstrated its commitment to the Monroe Doctrine, which was declared in 1823. That doctrine vowed opposition to any effort on the part of any European to colonize anywhere in the Western Hemisphere or to meddle in the affairs of any country in the Western Hemisphere.
因此，美国在政治上和其他各种方面都反对奥地利-匈牙利 帝国哈布斯堡皇帝的兄弟马克西米利安·冯·哈布斯堡。 Therefore, the United States politically and in various other ways opposed Maximilian von Habsburg, who was the brother of the Emperor von Habsburg of Austria-Hungary.
马克西米利安在某些墨西哥领导人的各种借口下来到墨西哥，并被任命为墨西哥皇帝。 Maximilian came to Mexico under various pretexts from certain Mexican leaders and was named the Emperor of Mexico.
那是一次短暂的尝试；1867年，在法国政府撤回了支持马克 西米利安政府的资金和驻墨西哥军队后，他的冒险就结束了。 That was a very short-lived expedition; his adventure came to a close in 1867 after the French government withdrew their support in the form of money and troops that had been stationed in Mexico to prop up Maximilian's government.
当支持撤回后，贝尼托·胡阿雷斯——我相信你们都听说过这个人物；如果你飞到墨 西哥城，那里的主要机场就是贝尼托·胡阿雷斯国际机场——站在共和政府一边。 When that was withdrawn, then Benito Juárez—another figure that I'm sure you've heard of; if you fly to Mexico City, the major airport in Mexico City is Benito Juárez International Airport—was the one on the side of the Republican government.
他们不想要墨西哥有君主，而他就是领导反对马克西米利安的人。 They did not want monarchs in Mexico, and he was the one leading the opposition to Maximilian.
最终，马克西米利安被推翻并被俘虏，尽管欧洲各国元首，包括教皇和世界各地许多人都 恳求他饶马克西米利安一命，将他流放，但贝尼托·胡阿雷斯还是冷血地将他处以枪决。 Eventually, Maximilian was toppled; he was captured, and in spite of all the pleas from various heads of state in Europe, including the Pope and many other people around the world imploring him to spare Maximilian's life and send him into exile, nonetheless, Benito Juárez murdered him in cold blood by firing squad.
于是墨西哥就牢牢地置于共和政体的控制之下。 So Mexico then became firmly under the control of the republican form of government.
我需要强调的是，当我谈到墨西哥的共和政体时，这与美国的共和党完全无关。 I need to emphasize that when I speak about the Mexican republican form of government, it has nothing whatsoever to do with republicanism in the United States.
所以无论你属于哪个政党，当你听到共和这个词 时，不要用美国民主党和共和党的概念来理解。 So regardless of your political party, don't think in terms of Democrat and Republican in the United States when you hear this term republican.
这之间没有任何联系。 There's no connection.
1867年贝尼托·胡阿雷斯总统上任后的第一个正式行动是什么？ 就是没收墨西哥城的圣方济各公教堂区，把它变成一座共济会寺庙。 What was President Benito Juárez's first act officially when he took office in 1867? Well, the very first act was to confiscate the Catholic parish of San Francisco in Mexico City and turn it into a Masonic temple.
如果这能让你了解事情的走向，我想你就能看出共济会具有怎样的影响力。 So if that gives you any idea of where things were headed, I think you can see the kind of influence the Masons had.
当教宗利奥十三世1884年的通谕《人类》发表时，其中 包含了对共济会的谴责，墨西哥政府禁止出版这份通谕。 When Pope Leo XIII's encyclical in 1884, Humanum Genus, came out, it included a condemnation of Masonry, and the Mexican government banned any publication of this encyclical.
从1881年12月到1911年5月的大约30年间， 波菲里奥·迪亚斯担任总统，他对公教会并不特别苛刻。 Now, for about 30 years, between December of 1881 and May of 1911, there was President Porfirio Díaz, and he was not particularly harsh on the Catholic Church.
他没有为公教会制造困难，在那30年期间，局势相对平静。 He did not make things difficult for the Catholic Church, and for that 30-year period, things were relatively quiet.
但是麻烦很快就开始了，导致了我马上要描述的危机。 But the troubles started soon after that, and they led to a crisis that I'm going to describe here in just a moment.
我们看到墨西哥出现了一批反公教的共济会总统， 其中最糟糕的是普卢塔科·埃利亚斯·卡列斯。 What we saw was this rise of the anti-Catholic Masonic presidents in Mexico, the worst of them being Plutarco Elías Calles.
我们从弗朗西斯科·马德罗开始，他在1911年到 1913年间任职。我应该说是任职，而不是统治。 We begin with Francisco Madero, who held office from 1911 to 1913. I probably should say he held office, not reigned.
接着是维多利亚诺·韦尔塔，他在1913年到1914年间任 职。还有一些只持续了一周或一个月的小总统，我们就不谈了。 He was followed by Victoriano Huerta, who was in office from 1913 to 1914. We have a couple of little presidencies that lasted a week here, a month there, so we won't talk about them.
下一个重要人物是维努斯蒂亚诺·卡兰萨。 The next major figure was Venustiano Carranza.
卡兰萨在1914年到1920年间任职，他是公教会的坚定敌人。 Now, Carranza was in office from 1914 through 1920, and he was a determined foe of the Catholic Church.
他做了许多可怕的事情。 He did many terrible things.
例如，在1915年，在他担任总统期间，在他知情的情况下，160位公教神父被枪杀。 For example, in 1915, during his presidency and with his knowledge, 160 Catholic priests were shot.
当他听到这个消息，当他听到这场屠杀的消息时，美国总 统伍德罗·威尔逊的顾问约翰·林德写道：'好消息！' Now, when he heard of this news, when he heard the news of the slaughter, John Lind, who was an advisor to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, wrote, Great news!
'他们在墨西哥杀的神父越多，我就越高兴。' The more priests they kill in Mexico, the happier I shall be.
他还给一位美国新教牧师写信，这位牧师曾致信伍德罗· 威尔逊总统，抗议卡兰萨治下墨西哥对公教徒的迫害。 He also wrote to an American Protestant minister who had written to President Woodrow Wilson protesting the persecution of Catholics in Mexico under Carranza.
这个人，约翰·林德，这个美国部长... This same man, John Lind, this American minister...
他回信给这位牧师说，在墨西哥，仅次于卖淫的最坏的事情就是公教会。 He wrote back to this minister saying, After prostitution, the worst thing in Mexico is the Catholic Church.
这两者都必须消失。 Both must disappear.
在卡兰萨之后，我们看到一个名叫阿尔瓦罗·奥夫雷贡的人。他 在1920年到1924年间任职，之后是那个魔头卡列斯。 Now, after Carranza, then we see a man by the name of Álvaro Obregón. He was in office from 1920 to 1924 and was followed by Calles, the monster.
卡兰萨阻挠教会的行为很可怕，但与卡列斯后来所做的相比根本不算什么。 Now, Carranza's efforts to thwart the Church were terrible, but they were nothing at all compared to what Calles would do.
卡列斯是墨西哥军队的一名将军，在墨西哥革命期间上升到权力地位。 Calles was a general in the Mexican army who rose to power during the years of the Mexican Revolution.
这是潘乔·维拉和那些戴着大阔边帽到处骑马射击的人的时代。 This is the time of Pancho Villa and those guys riding around with big sombreros and shooting people.
他就是在那时上台的，因为他当时是一名将军。 Well, that's when he came to power because he was a general at that time.
他最终成为索诺拉州的州长，以残暴著称。 He eventually became governor of Sonora, and he was known as a rather brutal governor.
他成为州长后做的事情之一就是驱逐该地区所有的公教神父。 One of the things he did when he became governor was to banish all Catholic priests from the territory.
你可能会问，他为什么要这么做？ Why would he do that, you might ask?
他这么做只有一个原因：因为他是一个好战的、公开的无神论者和三十三度共济会会员。 Well, he did it for one reason: because he was a militant, vocal atheist and a 33rd-degree Mason.
他把制定和执行迫害公教会的政策，甚至在可能 的情况下消灭墨西哥的公教会作为自己的事业。 He made it his business, wherever possible, to enact and enforce policies that would persecute and, if possible, obliterate the Catholic Church in Mexico.
他曾经写道，公教会是墨西哥所有问题的唯一原因。 He wrote once, The Catholic Church is the unique cause of all Mexico's problems.
当卡列斯上台后，他做的第一件事之一就是建立他自己的爱国教会。 Now, when Calles came to power, one of the first things he did was form his own patriotic church.
这是不是听起来很熟悉？ Does that sound familiar?
他与一些分裂分子神父合作建立了一个爱国教会。 He formed a patriotic church with the collaboration of some schismatic priests.
他公开支持新教传教士在墨西哥的活动，甚至资助 建造了200多所新教学校，目的是削弱公教会。 He openly supported Protestant missionaries in Mexico and even funded the construction of more than 200 Protestant schools in an effort to weaken the Catholic Church.
他并不关心新教；他这样做的唯一原因是因为他知道 这是削弱公教会的一种方式，就像我们刚才读到的。 He didn't care about Protestantism; the only reason he did that was because he knew that it would be a way to, as we just read, weaken the Catholic Church.
在卡列斯统治下，对公教会的全面迫害爆发了，引发了后来被称为基督战士战争的冲突。 Under Calles, the full weight of persecution against the Catholic Church broke out, provoking what became known as the Cristero Wars.
基督战士是那些用枪支和手榴弹进行军事反抗的公 教徒，他们反抗卡列斯和他的人对公教会的压迫。 The Cristeros were the Catholics who fought back militarily with guns and hand grenades against the oppression that was meted out against the Catholic Church by Calles and his people.
1924年，卡列斯总统宣称，现在必须进行一场心理革命。 In 1924, President Calles declared, Now there must be a psychological revolution.
我们必须渗透并掌控儿童和青年的思想，因为他们必须属于革命。 We must penetrate and take hold of the minds of the children and of the youth because they must belong to the revolution.
于是，政府开始系统地加强对公教会的反对和压迫。 And thus began a systematic ratcheting up of governmental opposition and oppression against the Catholic Church.
所有公教学校都被宣布为非法并被没收。 Catholic schools everywhere were outlawed and confiscated.
所有儿童都必须强制上公立学校，无神论成为所有公立学校的必修课程。 Public school attendance was now mandatory for all children, and atheism was now taught as an approved course in all public schools.
所以，家长们，想象一下你们生活在1924年的墨西哥任何地方。 So, parents, just imagine yourselves living in 1924 anywhere in Mexico.
你们不仅不能在家教育孩子，不能送孩子去公教学校，而且必须 依法送他们去公立学校，在那里他们会被灌输好战的无神论。 Not only could you not homeschool, not only could you not send your children to a Catholic school, but they had to go by law to the public school where they would be indoctrinated with militant atheism.
1926年6月，具体是6月14日，卡列斯颁布了刑法改革法，也被称为卡列斯法。 In June of 1926, June 14th to be specific, Calles issued the law reforming the penal code, also known as the Calles Law.
通过扩大和加强1917年卡兰萨总统制定的宪法条 款，这项法律实际上使墨西哥的公教会成为非法。 It effectively outlawed the Catholic Church in Mexico by expanding and strengthening those elements of the Mexican Constitution that had been put in place in 1917 by then-President Carranza.
这些法律严重限制了公教会的活动；事实上，他们公开迫害教会。 These laws severely restricted the activities of the Catholic Church; indeed, they openly persecuted the Church.
现在，当我思考这次会议的标题时，我注意到它叫做《为信仰而战》。 Now, as I was thinking about the title of this conference, it was not lost on me that it's entitled The Battle for the Faith.
好的，我们现在就要听到一场特殊战斗的细节，这场战斗是由许多 勇敢的公教徒打响的，他们不愿坐视这些事情发生在他们身上。 Well, we're about to hear right now the details of a particular battle that was fought by many valiant Catholics who did not willingly allow what happened to them to take place.
这让我想起了以西结书13章5节，神在其中谈到那些人上去堵住 破口，为以色列家重修墙垣，使它在争战的日子可以站立得住。 I'm reminded of Ezekiel 13, verse 5, in which God talks about men who went up into the breaches and built up a wall for the house of Israel that it might stand in battle.
这些墨西哥的公教徒就是筑起那道墙的人。 These Catholics in Mexico were the ones who formed that wall.
他们用自己的身体筑起了这道墙；他们面对着政府对神和公教会的不共戴天的仇恨而坚守。 They formed the wall with their very bodies; they stood in the face of this implacable government hatred of God and the Catholic Church.
正如圣彼得在彼得前书第二章所说的，他们确实是活石，建 造成为圣洁的祭坛和殉道的建筑，为捍卫公教信徒的自由。 They really were, as St. Peter talks about in 1 Peter 2, living stones that were built up as a holy edifice of sacrifice and martyrdom to defend the liberty of Catholic believers.
确实，为了确保墨西哥的公教信仰不会像计划的那样被无情地铲除 和消灭，而是能在圣母400年前显现的这片土地上得以保存。 Indeed, to ensure that the Catholic faith in Mexico might not be so ruthlessly stamped out and obliterated as had been planned, but might be preserved in the land where our Blessed Lady appeared 400 years earlier.
正如使徒行传第5章19节所说，他们知道应当顺从神，不顺从人。 They knew, as it says in Acts 5, verse 19, that they must obey God rather than men.
以下是卡列斯法对公教会实施的一些措施：所有担任公职的墨西 哥人——无论是警察、公务员、市长、州长，还是捕狗人——所 有人，无论什么职位，都必须公开宣誓接受墨西哥政府的法令。 Here are some of the things that were enforced upon the Catholic Church by the Calles Law: Every Mexican who held any kind of public office—whether police, civil servants, mayors, governors, or dog catchers—all of them, in any capacity, were required to take a public oath of acceptance of the decrees of the Mexican government.
任何拒绝的人要么被监禁，要么被枪决。 Anyone who refused was either imprisoned or executed by firing squad.
数千名英勇的公教徒，主要是平信徒，以这种方式受到惩罚。 Many thousands of heroic Catholic men and women, primarily laypeople, were punished this way.
在公共场合穿着神职人员或宗教服装要罚款500 比索，甚至质疑这些法律都要被监禁长达五年。 There was a 500 peso fine for wearing priestly or religious garb in public, and imprisonment for up to five years for even questioning these laws.
西班牙语的词语——这听起来有点荒谬——但像'再见 '和'若主愿意'这样的西班牙语词语都被禁止使用。 Spanish words and phrases—this one is kind of silly—but Spanish words and phrases such as adiós and si Dios quiere, which means goodbye and if God wills it, were outlawed.
你可以举报说'再见'的人。你知道，你可以告诉当地警察，那个人就会被罚款。 You could inform on people who said adiós. You know, you could tell the local police, and that person would be fined.
违反这条法律的人，如果被抓到，就会被罚款。 People who broke that law, if they were caught, would be fined.
要么罚款，要么被关进监狱一段时间。 With either money or they would be sent to prison for a time.
所有墨西哥本土神职人员都必须向国家登记，如果没有这种官方授 权，他们就被禁止以任何方式为信徒服务，否则将被处以死刑。 All native Mexican clergy were required to register with the state, and without this official government authorization, it was forbidden for them to minister to the faithful in any way whatsoever under pain of capital punishment.
这意味着不能施洗、不能举行弥撒、不能告解，什 么都不能做——或者我应该说'什么都不行'。 That means no baptisms, no Masses, no confessions, nothing—or maybe I should say nada.
没有政府的明确许可，任何神父都不能履行职责。 No priest could minister without the express permission of the government.
所有公教堂、主教座堂、大殿和修道院都被政府没收。 All Catholic churches, cathedrals, basilicas, and convents were confiscated by the government.
这期间颁布的反公教法律要求所有公教会财产立即合法 转让给由当地市长或州长任命的特定平信徒委员会。 The anti-Catholic laws enacted during this time required that all Catholic church property be legally transferred immediately to specially designated committees of laymen who were appointed by the local mayor or governor.
任何神父或主教都不允许管理堂区，公教会也不能拥有任何财产。 No priest or bishop was permitted to administer a parish, and the Catholic Church could own no property.
所有修会都被宣布为非法。 All religious orders were outlawed.
在一些地方，法令规定整个墨西哥州只能有一位主教居住。 In some places, it was decreed that there could be only one bishop residing in an entire Mexican state.
所有外国神父和修女都被驱逐出境。 All foreign priests and nuns were expelled from the country.
任何学校只要有宗教名称就会被解散和关闭。 Any and all schools were disbanded and shut down simply for having a religious name.
即使不是公教学校，如果有宗教名称，也会被关闭。 Even if it wasn't a Catholic school, if it had a religious name in it, it would be shut down.
或者如果是非宗教学校，但如果有人碰巧发现了宗 教雕像或圣经之类的东西，也会被没收和关闭。 Or if it was a non-religious school but somebody happened to find a religious statue or a Bible or something like that, it would be confiscated and shut down.
所有修院、修道院和其他宗教场所都被解散和关闭。 All seminaries, convents, and other religious houses were disbanded and shut down.
许多公教慈善事业也被关闭。 Many Catholic charitable works were also shut down.
一些墨西哥教徒，尤其是农村地区的教徒，被集中起来送往集中营，许多人在那里死于疾 病，更多的是死于士兵的枪击和机关枪扫射，只要他们稍微表现出公教虔诚就会被射杀。 Some Mexican faithful, especially in rural areas, were rounded up and sent to concentration camps, where many of them died of disease and often by the rifle and machine gun fire that soldiers would train upon them to cut them down at the slightest show of Catholic piety.
反抗政府的公教徒看着他们的庄园、农作物、房屋，甚至整个村庄被烧成平地。 Catholics who defied the government saw their haciendas, crops, homes, and even entire villages burned to the ground.
为了回应政府没收所有教会财产的行为，墨西哥主教们发布了禁令，禁止公教徒 参加政府批准的委员会，甚至禁止他们进入现在被墨西哥政府控制的公教堂。 In response to the government's confiscation of all church property, the bishops of Mexico issued an interdict forbidding Catholics from participating in government-approved committees or even from entering a Catholic church that was now in the clutches of the Mexican government.
我想给你们读一些目击者的叙述。 I'd like to read to you some eyewitness accounts.
首先是一个名叫奥利维尔·德·利布雷的人。 First, from a man named Olivier de Libre.
他说，1926年7月24日，加斯帕里枢机主教从罗马向墨西 哥主教团发电报说：'在任何情况下我们都不接受神父登记。' He says, On July 24, 1926, Cardinal Gasparri sent a telegram from Rome to the Mexican episcopate saying, 'Under no condition will we accept the registering of priests.'
他接着说，主教们决定从7月31日起在全国暂停公开礼拜。 He goes on to say, The bishops decided to suspend public worship throughout the land starting on July 31st.
所有公共礼拜场所都将关闭；除了在私人小堂外，全国将不举行弥撒，也不施行圣事。 All places of public worship would be closed; there would be no Masses offered nor sacraments administered throughout the country except in private chapels.
这是前所未闻的。 This was unheard of.
这个前所未闻、难以解释的决定似乎是为了推动墨西哥人反抗政府，而且似乎起到了作用。 This unheard-of, inexplicable decision was designed to push the Mexicans, it seems, to revolt against the government, and it seems to have worked.
这是一个在七月最后几天亲历其境的人说的话... Here's something that one person who was there in those final days of July said...
描述道。 described.
他说，尽管已经到了下地干活的时候，人们还是开始来整理他们的良心。 He says, People began to come to put their consciences well in order, even though it was already time to begin working in the fields.
随着时间一天天过去，越来越多的农民从邻近的村落涌入 村子，他们苍白的脸庞和悲伤的眼神诉说着他们的痛苦。 With each passing day, more and more peasants streamed into the villages from the neighboring hamlets, their pale faces and sorrowful eyes bespeaking their anguish.
在一个特定的堂区有三位神父——不足以为这么多人听告解。 There were three priests in a particular parish—not enough to confess so many people.
尽管从黎明到黄昏都在告解室里，没有时间吃饭 和休息，他们仍然无法听完所有来告解的人。 Despite being in the confessional from dawn to dusk, with no time to eat or rest, still they could not hear the confessions of all who came.
令人惊讶的是，看到那些疏远圣事的人来寻求罪的 宽恕，那些同居的人来寻找告解神父，请求结婚。 How surprising to see someone estranged from the sacraments come to receive forgiveness of his sins, and others who lived in concubinage come to seek out the confessor, asking to be united in marriage.
稍后，他描述道，在这法律生效的那天，将在午夜举行 弥撒，到晚祷结束时，教堂已经容纳不下众多的信徒。 A little later, he describes, The day that this came to be law, there was to be a Mass at midnight, and by the end of Vespers, the church could no longer contain the immense multitude of the faithful.
信徒们一个接一个地从门口跪行到祭台。 One after the other, the faithful would go on their knees from the door to the altar.
没有人想看到这最悲伤的时刻到来，但神将允许它发生。 No one wanted to see this most sorrowful moment arrive, but God was going to permit it to come to pass.
晚上11:30，钟声悲伤地敲响了弥撒的时辰。 At 11:30 PM, the bells dolefully tolled the hour of the Mass.
夜间朝拜者、虔诚团体和公教社会组织带着他们的 团体和旗帜——他们都和所有信徒一起在那里。 The nocturnal adorers, the pious associations, and the Catholic social organizations with their groups and their banners—they were all there with all the faithful.
午夜时分，圣体被显示，弥撒开始了。 At midnight, the Blessed Sacrament was exposed, and Mass began.
福音诵读之后，我们亲爱的冈萨雷斯神父登上讲台。 After the Gospel, our dear Father Gonzales mounted the pulpit.
他刚刚上去，所有人就聚集在祭台前开始哭泣。 He had barely gone up when all the people gathered at the foot of the altar and began to cry.
神父说出的断断续续的话语充满悲伤，不时被人们的啜泣声打断。 The broken words that Father spoke, full of sorrow, were interrupted by the sobs of the people.
领圣体后，在弥撒结束时，我们得到了圣体光座的降福。 After Communion, at the end of Holy Mass, we were given the benediction with His Divine Majesty, referring to the monstrance.
最后，神父脱下祭衣，跪在祭台前，目光凝视着主的圣像。 Finally, Father divested himself of his vestments and knelt at the foot of the altar, his eyes fixed on the image of Our Lord.
他默默地向主告别，穿过信徒群众离开。 Silently, he took leave of Him and went out through the midst of the faithful.
基督和他的仆人已经离去。 Christ and His minister had departed.
从八月初开始，墨西哥人民失去了他们的神父——只有200位神父留在信徒身边，他们的 主教——38位中只剩下一位。他们除了一个战斗口号外一无所有：'基督吾王万岁！' From the first days of August, the Mexican people, deprived of their priests—only 200 remained with their faithful, and their bishops—only one remained out of 38. They were left with nothing except a rallying cry: 'Viva Cristo Rey!'
基督吾王万岁！ Long live Christ the King!
这就是信息；这就是基督战士的呐喊。 This was the message; this was the cry of the Cristeros.
事实上，一位基督战士在被政府处决前写道：'我们将要灭亡。 In fact, one of the Cristeros wrote before he was executed by the government, saying, 'We are going to perish.
我们将看不到胜利，但墨西哥需要所有这些鲜血来净化。 We will not see victory, but Mexico needs all this blood for its purification.
基督将得到应得的尊崇。' Christ will receive the homage which is due to Him.'
确实，鲜血的确流淌了。 And it's true that blood did flow.
有趣的是，在所有国家中，只有爱尔兰断绝了与墨西哥的外交关 系——不是美国，不是其他任何国家，只有公教国家爱尔兰。 And interestingly, only Ireland, of all the countries, broke diplomatic relations with Mexico—not the United States, not any other country, only Catholic Ireland.
共济会很清楚发生了什么，1926年12月，当时作为美国共济会出 版物的《新时代》发表意见说，公教会腐蚀墨西哥人民400年了。 Now, the Freemasons understood exactly what was going on, and in December 1926, The New Age, which at the time was the American publication of Freemasonry, declared their opinion, saying, The Catholic Church has perverted the Mexicans for 400 years.
卡列斯的功劳在于把他们从无知和迷信中解救出来。 Calles' merit is to have delivered them from ignorance and superstition.
这就是为什么他可以指望我们的理解和北美的支持。 That is why he can count on our understanding and on North America's support.
1926年5月，墨西哥城的苏格兰礼共济会授予卡列斯总统共济会功 勋勋章，次月发表新闻稿说，国际共济会对墨西哥发生的一切负责，并 准备调动所有力量，有条不紊地全面执行为这个国家商定的计划。 In May of 1926, the Scottish Rite Masonic Lodge in Mexico City awarded President Calles the Masonic Medal of Merit, and the following month, it issued a press release saying that International Masonry accepts responsibility for everything that is happening in Mexico and is prepared to mobilize all its forces for the methodical, integral application of the agreed-upon program for this country.
现在，我相信你们都能猜到为墨西哥制定的计划是什么。 Now, I'm sure you can all guess what the agreed-upon program was for Mexico.
由于卡列斯的法律将公教会定为非法，墨西哥人民陷入了完全的困境。 As a result of Calles' laws outlawing the Catholic Church, the Mexican people were in a complete quandary.
他们必须生存，必须吃饭，必须工作。 They had to live, they had to eat, they had to work.
当一位年迅店主仅仅因为在他的小店上挂着一个写着'基督吾王万 岁'的牌子就被警察打得几乎丧命时，这成了人民的集结号召。 When an elderly shopkeeper was beaten almost within an inch of his life by some policemen simply because he had on his little tienda a sign that said Viva Cristo Rey, that became the rallying cry of the people.
许多人开始抵制所有国有企业和服务。 Many of them started to boycott all the state-owned businesses and services.
据报道，一个例子是铁路运输下降了近75%，国家收入 的损失使政府更加决心要压垮墨西哥人民的公教精神。 One example is that it's reported that railroad traffic declined by nearly 75%, and the loss of revenue to the state made the government even more determined to crush the Catholic spirit of the Mexican people.
要记住，在这些法律颁布之前，大约有5,000名神父为约1,500万公教徒服务。 Keep in mind, before these laws were enacted, there were approximately 5,000 priests ministering to the Catholic population of approximately 15 million people.
到1934年基督战士起义结束时，这个数字缩 减到只有334名得到政府正式授权的神父。 By the end of the Cristero uprising in 1934, that number had shrunk to only 334 priests who were officially authorized by the government.
墨西哥的十七个州多年完全没有神父。 Seventeen of the Mexican states were entirely without priests for years.
许多公教徒参加公共游行，唱圣歌并宣告他们对神和教会的爱， 而政府的典型回应是让警察和士兵用步枪和机关枪向他们开火。 Many Catholics participated in public processions, singing hymns and declaring their love for God and the Church, and the typical government response was to have police and soldiers fire on them with rifles and machine guns.
但他们仍继续公开游行。 Yet they continued to process in public.
一位基督战士领袖瓦伦西亚·加拉尔多被联邦军 抓获，被绑在地上的木桩上受尽折磨后处决。 One Cristero leader, Valencia Gallardo, was captured by the Federales, and he was executed by torture after being tied to a stake in the ground.
当他喊出'基督吾王万岁'时，他们割掉了他的舌头。 When he cried out Viva Cristo Rey, they cut out his tongue.
无法说话的他设法挣脱了一只手，倔强地指向天空。 Unable to speak, he was able to get one hand free of the ropes, and he pointed defiantly to heaven.
于是他们砍掉了他的手。 So they cut off his hand.
他们最终用枪托砸碎他的头颅杀死了他。 They eventually killed him by bashing his skull in with their rifle butts.
一位名叫雷耶斯的公教神父受到类似的待遇——被火刑折磨了三天，最后被枪击数次。 One Catholic priest, a certain Father Reyes, received similar treatment—tortured for three days with fire, he was finally shot several times.
他们以为他死了，但他somehow设法支撑起身子，虚弱地喊出'基督吾王万岁！' They thought he was dead, but somehow he managed to lift himself and weakly cry out, Viva Cristo Rey!
基督吾王万岁！ Long live Christ the King!
这时，他们又开枪确保他死亡。 At which point, they shot him again to make sure he was dead.
这位英勇的神父在2000年被教宗若望保禄二世册封为圣人。现在说 到基督战士——虽然不是所有人都是善良虔诚的人，但大多数都是。 This time, this heroic priest was canonized by Pope John Paul II in the year 2000. Now, the Cristeros—while not all of them were good holy people, most of them were.
他们为公教信仰而战；他们为作为墨西哥人的生存而战。 They were fighting for the Catholic faith; they were fighting for their very existence as Mexicans.
我想给你们读一段有趣的内容，这是一位在1927年战死的基督战士军队将 军写的每日军令。听听这个：这听起来像是一般将军会写给他的部队的吗？ I'd like to read to you an interesting excerpt from the Order of the Day written by one of the generals of the Cristero Army who was killed in combat in 1927. Listen to this: Does this sound like what a typical general might write to his troops?
影响南部师的纪律措施：哈利斯科南部、科利马、纳亚里特和米却肯西部的师长们采取了以 下措施：第一，向耶稣圣心献上正式的公开隆重敬礼；第三，尽可能安排让所有领导、军官 和士兵正式履行主日崇拜、告解和领圣体的规定；最后，通过让军队和公教徒以谦卑、充满 信心的祈祷做准备，并建议他们在战斗前做完美痛悔，以确保战斗中得到神圣保护。 Disciplinary measures affecting the southern division: The division chiefs of the south of Jalisco, Colima, and Nayarit, and western Michoacán have adopted the following measures: Number one, to render an official public and solemn homage to the Sacred Heart of Jesus; and number three, whenever possible, to arrange things to allow all the leaders, officers, and soldiers to officially fulfill the precepts of Sunday worship, confession, and communion; and finally, to guarantee divine protection during the battles by making the army and the Catholics prepare themselves by humble, confident prayer and by recommending that they make acts of perfect contrition before battle.
1926年11月18日，教宗碧岳十一世发布了关 于墨西哥公教会遭受迫害的通谕《不义的苦难》。 On November 18th, 1926, Pope Pius XI issued his encyclical Iniquis Afflictisque, which regarded the persecution of the Catholic Church in Mexico.
我很想给你们引用较长的段落，但因为时间关系无法做到。 I would love to quote to you lengthy sections, but I am not able to do so because of time.
但是，我建议你们去梵蒂冈网站Vatican.va， However, I would urge you to go to the Vatican website, Vatican.va,
你们可以直接搜索墨西哥，或者去教宗碧岳十一世的部分找到这份通谕来阅读。 and you can type in just Mexico, or you can go to the section for Pope Pius XI and pull up this encyclical and read it.
这份通谕不是很长，但它向我们表明，公教会无论是当时还是现在，都对 腐败的法律和腐败的政府，或邪恶的法律甚至邪恶的政府说，公教徒永远 不能被迫遵守错误的法律，公教徒有义务，有责任站出来，不管付出什么 代价，去面对像墨西哥政府那样对人民所施加的种种魔鬼般的行为。 It's not terribly long, but it does demonstrate to us that the Catholic Church, then as now, says to corrupt laws and corrupt governments, or evil laws and even evil governments, that Catholics can never be compelled to go along with laws that are wrong and that Catholics have an obligation, duty-bound, to stand up, whatever the cost might be, in the face of the kinds of diabolical things that the Mexican government, for example, was perpetrating on the people.
我想给你们读一下威尔弗雷德·帕森斯神父在这些事件发 生后不久写的一本名为《墨西哥殉道》的书中的一小段。 I'd like to read to you a little bit from a book called Mexican Martyrdom, written by Father Wilfred Parsons shortly after these events took place.
让我给你们讲一下在这场迫害期间发生的事情：塔马苏拉堂 区教堂的主任神父的双手被砍掉，以防止他再次举行弥撒。 Let me just give you a little flavor of what was going on during this persecution: The hands of the rector of the parish church of Tamasula were cut off to prevent his ever saying Mass again.
这种残害致使他死亡。 The mutilation killed him.
1月2日：有人试图焚烧墨西哥城的耶稣玛利亚堂。 January 2nd: Attempts were made to burn down the Church of Jesus and Mary in Mexico City.
1月5日：正在躲藏的帕布罗·加西亚·德·赫苏斯·玛利亚神父——就 像现在墨西哥所有躲藏的神父一样——被告发并根据将军的命令被驱逐。 January 5th: Reverend Pablo Garcia de Jesus Maria, who is in hiding—as all priests now are in hiding in Mexico—was denounced and deported by orders of the general.
在圣玛利亚车站，加西亚神父为一个因枪伤垂死的人施行赦罪。 At the station of Santa Maria, Father Garcia gave absolution to a man dying of a gunshot wound.
仅仅因为这个原因，卫兵打断了他的手，并残害了他的耳朵、鼻子、舌头和眼睛。 For this cause alone, the guards broke his hand and mutilated him in his ears, nose, tongue, and eyes.
他死在火车上，士兵们把他的尸体丢在恩卡纳西翁·德·迪亚斯车站，将其遗弃。 He died on the train, and the soldiers dropped his body at the station of Encarnación de Díaz, where they abandoned it.
1月7日，塔巴斯科州的所有教堂都被政府查封。 On January 7th, all churches in the state of Tabasco were seized by the government.
主教座堂被改成学校，所有圣物都被盗走。 The cathedral was turned into a school, and all sacred objects were stolen.
1月10日，一群联邦军士兵亵渎并摧毁了萨卡特卡斯两座教堂的圣像。 On January 10th, a group of federal soldiers desecrated and destroyed the statues from two churches in Zacatecas.
1月5日，一位神父和一位年轻人——某个冈萨雷斯·弗洛雷斯的兄弟（他 是1927年4月1日为基督的事业牺牲的第一批人之一）——被枪杀。 On January 5th, a priest and a young man, brother of certain Gonzales Flores—one of the first persons sacrificed for the cause of Christ on April 1st, 1927—were shot.
这位年轻人因出版一份关于宗教迫害的小报而被杀。 The young man was killed for publishing a small newspaper in connection with the religious persecution.
1月10日，在哈利斯科州的特帕蒂特兰，卡列斯军队 的军官搜查了所有教堂和私人住宅，抢走了所有圣物。 On January 10th, at Tepatitlán, Jalisco, officers of the Calles army searched all churches and private homes and looted them of all sacred objects.
后来，他们亵渎圣器，醉醺醺地在街上走过，把这些圣器当作战利品 炫耀——他说的是圣爵、圣体盒等。1月25日，警察突袭了圣若瑟 修女会的公教学校，逮捕了21位修女和两位主要的平信徒教师。 Later on, they profaned the sacred utensils and passed through the streets drunk, showing them as their trophies—he's talking about chalices, ciboriums, etc. On January 25th, the police raided the Catholic school of the Sisters of St. Joseph and imprisoned 21 nuns and two lay chief teachers.
学校被关闭了。 The school was closed.
2月5日，某报纸报道了米却肯的一位年轻人安东 尼奥·伊巴拉在被绞死前遭到士兵的残酷虐待。 On February 5th, a certain newspaper reported on a young Antonio Ibarra of Michoacán, who was cruelly maltreated by soldiers before he was hanged.
他努力用一只手支撑自己，松开脖子上的绳子，喊道：'基督吾王万岁！' He made an effort to hold himself up with one hand, and loosening the rope around his neck, he shouted, Long live Christ the King!
他的母亲站在附近，告诉士兵她还有三个儿子愿意献给她的神。 His mother, who was standing nearby, told the soldiers that she had three other sons whom she was willing to offer to her God.
2月7日，萨拉曼卡堂区教堂的主任神父佩雷斯在该市被以参与武装运动的虚假罪名逮捕。 On February 7th, Father Pérez, rector of the parish church in Salamanca, was imprisoned in that city under the false pretense that he was implicated in the armed movement.
他从萨拉曼卡被押往伊拉普阿托，在路上被谋杀。 He was sent from Salamanca to Irapuato and murdered on the road.
另一位神父在克雷塔罗也以同样的方式被谋杀。 Another priest was murdered in the same way at Querétaro.
2月12日，胡尼佩罗·德·拉·维加神父和温柔的马丁内斯修士在萨莫 拉被监禁后，在米却肯萨莫拉和尤雷夸罗之间的路上被枪杀。2月18日 ，普埃布拉修院关闭，院长、三位神父和14位平信徒教授被监禁。 On February 12th, Father Junípero de la Vega and Brother Humble Martinez, after imprisonment at Samora, were shot on the road between Samora and Yurécuaro in Michoacán. On February 18th, the seminary of Puebla closed, and the rector, three priests, and 14 lay professors were imprisoned.
2月19日讲述了被集中在普里西马营地的人们的苦难，那里 天花传播如此可怕，病人被送到修院后就被遗弃在那里等死。 February 19th speaks about the sufferings of people concentrated in a camp at Purísima, where smallpox is spreading in such an awful way that sick people are taken to the seminary and abandoned there to die.
作者描述了一个可怕的事例，一个女人在还活着的时候就被埋葬了 ，而她的小女儿就在旁边，她自己也正遭受着这种疾病的折磨。 The writer describes a terrible instance in which a woman was buried although she was not dead, in the presence of her little daughter, who herself was suffering from the disease.
1928年2月29日，村里的教堂被改成兵营。 On February 29th, 1928, the village church was made into barracks.
马丁内斯教士和他的兄弟奥古斯丁被杀害，而丹尼尔·佩雷斯神 父的被谋杀证明了指控佩雷斯神父参与叛乱的说法是虚假的。 Canon Martinez and his brother Agustin were killed, and the murder of Father Daniel Pérez thereby proved the falsity of the accusation against Father Pérez as participating in the rebellion.
3月15日，比亚雷亚尔神父和五名平民被提交给一个虚假的军事法庭 ，这完全是非法的因为他们都是平民，随后他们立即被带到附近的田野 里被枪杀，这是对未能抓获主教的报复，主教的住所已被突袭和洗劫。 March 15th, Father Villarreal and five civilians were submitted to a mock court martial, entirely illegal since they were all civilians, and immediately taken into the nearby field where they were shot as reprisals for the lack of success in capturing the bishop, whose residence had been raided and looted.
两名年轻人在米却肯的萨莫拉被谋杀。一个人被强迫喊'卡列斯万岁！' Two young men were murdered at Samora in Michoacán. One was compelled to shout, Long live Calles!
但他却喊道：'基督吾王万岁！' Instead, he shouted, Long live Christ the King!
士兵们开始割掉他的耳朵，见没有得到更好的结果，又割掉了他的舌头。 The soldiers then began to cut off his ears, and having obtained no better results, they cut off his tongue.
另一个人拥抱了他，士兵们向这群人开枪，杀死了这两个年轻人。 The other man embraced him, and the soldiers shot the group, killing the two young men.
来自维多利亚城的玛利亚·瓜达卢佩小姐被抓获，目的 是让她透露教堂主任和其他一些公教徒的藏身之处。 Miss Maria Guadalupe from Ciudad Victoria was captured so that she might inform where the rector of the church and some other Catholics were hidden.
当她拒绝时，士兵们开始撕扯她的手指。 As she refused, the soldiers began to tear off her fingers.
残害一直持续到她精疲力竭；最后他们杀死了她。 The mutilation continued until she became exhausted; then they finally killed her.
在哈利斯科，士兵们放火烧了教堂。 In Jalisco, the soldiers set fire to the church.
公教徒试图扑灭火焰，士兵们用机关枪把他们全部杀死。 Catholics tried to put out the fire, and the soldiers killed them all with machine guns.
在哈利斯科，一个人下班回家时，一些士兵走近他，要他说出口令。 Again in Jalisco, a certain man was returning to his house from work when some soldiers came up to him and asked him for the password.
他回答说：'基督吾王。' He answered, Christ the King.
士兵们随即割掉了他的一只耳朵。 The soldiers then cut off one of his ears.
于是他喊道：'基督吾王万岁！' So then he shouted, Long live Christ the King!
士兵们割掉了他的舌头，但他仍试图无舌宣信，于是他们将他刺死。 The soldiers cut off his tongue, and yet he tried to proclaim the faith without a tongue, so they stabbed him to death.
1927年8月15日，在瓜纳华托，一个名叫安塞尔莫·帕迪亚的人被抓获。 On August 15, 1927, from Guanajuato, there was a certain Anselmo Padilla who was captured.
士兵们割掉了他的鼻子，在他脸上划了几刀，因为他 拒绝为卡列斯欢呼，而是喊道：'基督吾王万岁！' The soldiers cut off his nose and made several cuts in his face because he refused to cheer for Calles and shouted, Long live Christ the King!
当他几乎精疲力竭时，他们剥掉他脚上的皮，强迫他走在火上，最终他死去。 When he was almost exhausted, they tore off the skin of his feet and compelled him to walk upon fire, upon which he died.
这个人被枪杀，那个人被活埋——数百、数千人死去，公教徒为信仰而殉道。 This person shot, that person buried alive—hundreds, thousands of people died, Catholics murdered for the faith.
最后一个例子：在伊达尔戈，埃胡德拉修女院的院长修女被枪杀， 所有其他修女都被交给士兵们，至于目的为何，你们可以想象。 One final example: in Hidalgo, Mother Superior of the nuns of Ehudla was shot, and all the other nuns were delivered to the soldiery for what purpose you can only imagine.
在萨卡特卡斯，一位特定的神父被逮捕；一个抓 捕他的人穿上了这位神父的长袍，要求他告解。 One particular priest in Zacatecas was arrested; one of his captors put on the priest's cassock and asked him to confess.
他和一个小男孩随后被刺死。 He and a small boy were then stabbed to death.
另一位正在为病人送圣体的神父被抓获、受刑并被杀害。 Another priest, who had been carrying the Blessed Sacrament to a sick man, was captured, tortured, and killed.
这样的例子还有很多很多。 And the examples go on and on.
这实在太可怕了，难以想象，但事实就是如此。 It's too horrendous really to contemplate, but there it is.
现在，这场基督战士起义的结局既奇怪又悲惨。 Now, the end of this Cristero uprising is as strange as it is tragic.
1929年，墨西哥75%的地区都已经在胜利的基督战士军队的直接控制之下。 In 1929, fully 75% of Mexico had come under the direct control of the victorious Cristero Army.
事实上，政府甚至不再试图在这些主要是农村地区行使权力。 In fact, the government ceased even trying to impose authority in those mainly rural areas.
当时的美国驻墨西哥大使德怀特·莫罗最终促成了梵蒂冈和墨西哥政府之间的停火协议。 The U.S. Ambassador to Mexico at that time, Dwight Morrow, eventually was able to negotiate a ceasefire agreement between the Vatican and the Mexican government.
很难确切解释为什么会这样做，虽然有人推测这可能是因为共济会在梵蒂冈的渗透。 It's very difficult to explain exactly why this was done, although some people have theorized that it might have been possible because of some Masonic infiltration at the Vatican.
谁知道呢？ Who knows?
我当然不知道。主要的是这个谈判协议要求基督战士和政府之间停战。 I certainly don't. The main thing is that this negotiated agreement called for a truce between the Cristeros and the government.
基督战士总司令赫苏斯·德·戈亚多在这个公告发布的那天对他的部队 说：教宗陛下通过最尊敬的宗座大使，出于我们不知道但作为公教徒我 们接受的原因，决定从明天开始恢复公开礼拜，尽管法律没有改变。 Now, Jesús de Goyado, who was the commander-in-chief of the Cristeros, on the day that this announcement was made, made these statements to his troops: His Holiness the Pope, by the intermediary of the most excellent Apostolic Nuncio, has decided for reasons which are unknown to us but which, as Catholics, we accept, that public worship shall be resumed tomorrow without the law being changed.
这个安排在教会宣布她将接受所得到的东西的时候，从 我们这里夺走了我们旗帜上最高贵和最神圣的东西。 This arrangement has wrested from us that which is most noble and most holy on our flag at the moment when the Church has declared that she will resign herself to what she has obtained.
因此，国民卫队承担这场冲突的责任。 Consequently, the National Guard assumes responsibility for the conflict.
至于我们自己，作为人，我们有一种满足感是任何人都无法从我们这里夺走的。 As for ourselves, as men, we have a satisfaction that no one can take from us.
国民卫队不是被敌人打败而消失，而是被那些本应首先接受我们自我牺牲果实的人所抛弃。 The National Guard does not disappear defeated by its enemies, but rather abandoned by the very ones who were to be the first to receive the fruit of our sacrifices in abnegation.
万福基督！ Ave Christ!
那些为了你而将要遭受屈辱、流放，甚至可能遭受不光彩的死亡 的人，以最热烈的爱向你致敬，再次宣告你是他们国家的君王。 Those who for You are going to humiliation, to exile, and perhaps to an inglorious death, with the most fervent love salute You and once more proclaim You as King of their country.
于是基督战士放下了武器；他们停止了战斗。 So the Cristeros laid down their weapons; they stopped fighting.
就在他们放下武器后，卡列斯总统立即逮捕了多达6,0 00名基督战士领袖和士兵，并将他们全部处以枪决。 And as soon as they had laid down their weapons, President Calles had up to 6,000 of these Cristero leaders and soldiers rounded up, and all of them were executed by firing squad.
我要简单说说米格尔·普罗神父，一位在这个国家非常有名的耶稣会神父。 I'll speak just for a moment about Father Miguel Pro, a Jesuit priest very well known in this country.
他是一位在耶稣会找到圣召的墨西哥人。 He was a Mexican who found his vocation in the Society of Jesus.
他曾在比利时学习一段时间，也去过尼加拉瓜。 He studied in Belgium for a time and was in Nicaragua.
关于他生平最感人的故事之一是他渴望并愿意为主受苦。 One of the stories about his life that is very moving is his desire and willingness to suffer for the Lord.
有一天他必须接受腹部手术，由于他患的这种病，他的健康状况非常脆弱... He had to undergo abdominal surgery one day, and his health was so delicate because of this illness that he had that...
他无法使用任何类型的麻醉，所以他紧握着十字架，咬着一块 布，他们在完全没有麻醉的情况下为他做了这个腹部手术。 He wasn't able to have any type of anesthesia, so clutching the crucifix and biting down on a rag of some sort, they performed this operation on his stomach completely without anesthesia.
目击者说，除了他脸上的表情外，他痛苦的唯一迹象就是从脸颊上流下的泪水。 The eyewitnesses there said that the only sign of his pain, besides the expressions on his face, were the tears that rolled down his cheeks.
他没有喊叫，没有呻吟，什么都没做。 He didn't cry out, he didn't groan, he didn't do anything.
在他的著作中，米格尔·普罗神父经常谈到他对苦难的热爱，因 为这是一种帮助他的墨西哥同胞更快更仁慈地赢得自由的方式。 In his writings, Father Miguel Pro talks frequently about his love of suffering because it's a way of helping to win faster and more mercifully the freedom of his fellow Mexican people.
晋铎后他回到了墨西哥，1926年秘密返回。 He went back to Mexico after his ordination, returning in 1926 undercover.
使普罗神父如此出名和受人爱戴的原因之一是他履行司铎职责的方式。 One of the things that made Father Pro so well-known and so beloved was the way in which he went about his priestly ministry.
他是个调皮鬼，是个有个性的人，他做了各种疯狂的事情来智胜墨西哥警察。 He was a rascal; he was a character, and he did all kinds of crazy things to outwit the Mexican police.
比如有一天，他被一车的警察追赶。 For instance, one day he was being chased by a carload of police.
他们发现了他，正在紧追不舍。 They had found him, and they were hot on his trail.
他在一辆稍微领先的出租车里，出租车转过一个拐角。 He was in a cab that was a little bit further ahead, and the cab went around a corner.
他告诉出租车司机，稍微慢一点，但一旦我下车就加速。 He told the cab driver, Slow down just a little bit, but keep speeding up once I get out of the car.
于是他从车上滚下来，恰好那里站着一位漂亮的年轻女子。 So he rolled out of the car, and there happened to be a pretty young woman standing there.
他挽着她的胳膊，开始和她聊天，就好像她是他的女朋友一样。 He locked arms with her and started chatting with her as if she were his girlfriend.
警察呼啸而过，看到这对情侣，心想，显然这不是那个神父，就继续追了下去。 The police came whizzing by, saw the couple, and thought, Well, that obviously isn't the priest, so they kept going.
当然，他们发现了一辆没有乘客的出租车。 Of course, they found a taxi cab without any passenger.
另一次，他要去墨西哥城的一所监狱为囚犯送圣体。 Another time, he was going to bring Holy Communion to the prisoners in one of the jails in Mexico City.
他穿着警察的制服来到监狱，直接走进中心——可以说是 虎穴——就是那个指挥搜捕他的地方，穿着警察制服。 He came to the prison dressed as a policeman and walked right into the very center—talking about the belly of the beast—of the place that was directing the search for him, dressed as a policeman.
他来审问囚犯，当然，他给他们送了圣体。 He came to interrogate the prisoners, and of course, he gave them our Blessed Lord in Holy Communion.
另一次，他刚做完弥撒，他所在的房子就被警察包围了，差点被抓住。 On another occasion, he was very close to being captured when the house he was in was surrounded by police right after he had finished celebrating Mass.
他在最后一刻设法溜了出去。 He was able, at the very last minute, to sneak out.
这能让你了解他的性格：他去了附近的另一所房子，穿上警察 督察的制服，回来对他们大喊，你们怎么还没找到那个神父？ This will show you a little bit of his type of personality: he went to some other house nearby, put on a police inspector's uniform, and came back, shouting at them, How come you haven't found that priest yet?
他告诉他们如果不赶紧找到那个神父他就要举报他们，然后他叼着雪茄走开了。 He told them he was going to report them if they didn't get busy and find that priest, and then he walked away smoking a cigar.
最终，他还是被抓住了。 Well, eventually, he was captured.
有人试图暗杀奥夫雷贡将军，投掷炸弹的那辆车被追查到了。 There was an assassination attempt against General Obregón, and the car from which a bomb had been thrown at that political figure had been traced.
当他们抓住司机时，发现这辆车属于普罗神父的兄弟温贝托·普罗。 When they captured the driver, the car was traced to Father Pro's brother, Humberto Pro.
事实上，普罗神父和他的兄弟们在这个暗杀阴谋中都 没有任何参与；他们完全不知道这个计划的存在。 Now, neither Father Pro nor his brothers had any role to play in this assassination plot; they were completely ignorant of the fact that it had been planned.
然而，几周前，普罗神父的兄弟把车卖给了实际参 与阴谋的人，而且他从未费心去更改车辆登记。 However, a few weeks before, Father Pro's brother had sold the car to the man who was actually involved in the plot, and he had never bothered to change the registration in the car.
于是政府认定这个神父是阴谋的一部分，1927年11月2 3日上午10点38分，他们让他站在行刑队前处决了他。 So the government decided, Well, this priest is part of the plot, and they lined him up in front of the firing squad on November 23, 1927, and shot him at 10:38 in the morning.
这一幕被拍摄下来，照片被广泛传播。 This was filmed, and the photographs have been widely disseminated.
我们看到，在被处决前，普罗神父请求允许他祈祷。 What we see is that before he was executed, Father Pro asked to be able to pray.
于是他跪下祈祷了几分钟，然后站在行刑队前，一手拿着十字架，一手拿着玫瑰念珠。 So he knelt down and prayed for a few minutes, and then he stood there in front of the firing squad with his crucifix in one hand and the rosary in the other.
他喊道：'基督吾王万岁！' He shouted out, Viva Cristo Rey!
子弹飞驰而来。 and the bullets flew.
他倒在地上，为了确保他死亡，中士走上前用步枪对准他的头部，开了最后一枪。 He fell to the ground, and then just to make sure he was dead, the sergeant came up with his musket, put it right at his head, and fired that final shot to ensure his death.
普罗神父那天以殉道者的身份死去，他口中喊出的不仅是墨西哥公教徒的 口号，我相信，也是当时和现在所有公教徒的呐喊：'基督吾王万岁！' Father Pro died a martyr that day, with the rallying cry of not just Mexican Catholics but, I believe, all Catholics then and now on his lips: Viva Cristo Rey!
考虑到我们今天在美国所处的黑暗时期，选举即将来临，这种由死亡文化所产 生的黑暗，尤其是通过合法堕胎和安乐死的恐怖，教宗在写到1920年代墨 西哥发生的事情时说，对墨西哥神职人员，没有什么是我们不能期待的。 In view of this present darkness that you and I find ourselves in today in the United States, with an election just around the corner, this darkness that is engendered by the culture of death, especially through the horror of legalized abortion and euthanasia, the Pope, when he wrote that encyclical about what was going on in Mexico back in the 1920s, said that there is nothing which we cannot hope for from the Mexican clergy.
这就是教宗所说的——换句话说，他在赞扬他们坚定的行动和立场。 This is what the Pope said—in other words, he was praising them for their stalwart practices and position.
现在，我希望将来某位教宗可能会写道：对美国神职人员，没有什么是我们不能期待的。 Now, I'm hopeful that some future Pope may write, There is nothing which we cannot hope for from the American clergy.
愿如此成就。 May it be so.
你我实际上正面临着非常相似的处境，很可能在今天的美利坚合众国，我们最终会发现自己 处于与我们的墨西哥弟兄姐妹在1920年代和1930年代遭受的大迫害相似的境况。 You and I are faced quite literally with very similar circumstances, and it is quite possible that today in the United States of America, we may eventually find ourselves in a similar situation to what our Mexican brothers and sisters underwent in their great persecution of the 1920s and 1930s.
愿神帮助我们对我们祖先的信仰，对耶稣基督的福音保持忠诚。 May God help us to remain faithful and true to the faith of our fathers, the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
作为澄清和结束我的讲话的方式，我想给你们留下这些话... And as a way to clarify and conclude my remarks, I'd like to leave you with these words...
这来自所谓的'无愧之团契'。 This is from what's called the Fellowship of the Unashamed.
这是某人写的一份使命宣言；不是我写的，但我完全赞同它。 It's a mission statement that somebody wrote; I didn't write it, but I certainly subscribe to it.
鉴于我们的墨西哥弟兄姐妹经历的所有苦难，以及我们自己可能经历的 苦难——谁也说不准——我想读这个作为一种恰当的方式，我相信，这 表明了从今往后我们需要做什么，思考什么，以及我们应该如何行动。 In light of all the suffering that our Mexican brothers and sisters have gone through, and which we ourselves may go through—you never know—I'd like to read this as a fitting way, I believe, of what we need to do, think, and how we should act from this day forward.
我是无愧之团契的一员。 I am a part of the Fellowship of the Unashamed.
骰子已经投出；决定已经做出。 The die has been cast; the decision has been made.
我已经跨过了这条线。 I have stepped over the line.
我不会回头，不会放松，不会减速，不会退缩，也不会停滞。 I won't look back, let up, slow down, back away, or be still.
我的过去已被救赎；我的现在有意义，我的未来在神手中。 My past is redeemed; my present makes sense, and my future is in God's hands.
我已经结束了低级的生活、凭眼见而行、小打小闹的计划、最低限度的付出、光滑的膝 盖、无色的梦想、驯服的愿景、平凡的谈话、轻浮的生活、自私的给予和矮小的目标。 I am finished and done with low living, sight walking, small planning, the bare minimum, smooth knees, colorless dreams, tamed visions, mundane talking, frivolous living, selfish giving, and dwarfed goals.
我不再需要卓越、繁荣、地位、晋升、掌声或声望。 I no longer need preeminence, prosperity, position, promotions, applause, or popularity.
我不必一定要正确、第一、最好、被认可、被赞美、被尊重或被奖励。 I don't have to be right, first, the best, recognized, praised, regarded, or rewarded.
我现在凭信德而活。 I now live by faith.
我倚靠基督的同在。 I lean on Christ's presence.
我以忍耐去爱，以祈祷而活，以神恩典的力量工作。 I love with patience, live by prayer, and labor with the power of God's grace.
我的脸已坚定；我的步伐迅速；我的目标是天国；我的路是窄的； 我的道路崎岖；我的同伴寥寥；我的向导可靠，我的使命明确。 My face is set; my gate is fast; my goal is heaven; my road is narrow; my way is rough; my companions are few; my guide is reliable, and my mission is clear.
我不能被收买、妥协、转移、诱惑、退缩、欺骗或拖延。 I cannot be bought, compromised, detoured, lured away, turned back, deluded, or delayed.
我不会在牺牲面前退缩，不会在逆境中犹豫，不会在敌人的桌前 谈判，不会在声望的池边徘徊，也不会在平庸的迷宫中徘徊。 I will not flinch in the face of sacrifice, hesitate in the presence of adversity, negotiate at the table of the enemy, ponder at the pool of popularity, or meander in the maze of mediocrity.
我不会放弃、闭嘴、松懈或放慢，直到我坚持到底、储 备充足、祈祷完备、偿还完全，并为基督的事业发声。 I won't give up, shut up, let up, or slow up until I have stayed up, stored up, prayed up, paid up, and spoken up for the cause of Christ.
我是耶稣的门徒。 I am a disciple of Jesus.
我是公教徒。 I am a Catholic.
我必须前进直到祂来临，付出直到我倒下，宣讲直到人尽皆知，工作直到祂让我停止。 I must go until He comes, give until I drop, speak out until all know, and work until He stops me.
当祂为祂的子民回来时，祂一定能轻易认出我。 And when He returns for His own, He will have no difficulty recognizing me.
我的旗帜清晰：我是无愧之团契的一员。 My banner is clear: I am a part of the Fellowship of the Unashamed.
非常感谢大家。 Thank you all very much.
愿神保佑你们。 God bless you.