欢迎回到无耻教皇党。 Welcome back to Shameless Popery.
我是乔·赫什迈尔。 I'm Joe Heschmeyer.
今天我想探讨耶稣最激进的教导之一，我认为大多数 基督徒并没有意识到这个教导实际上有多么激进。 I want to explore one of Jesus's most radical teachings today, a teaching that I think most Christians don't realize is nearly as radical as it actually is.
我指的是他关于婚姻的教导，特别是他对婚姻作用的教 导，以及关于离婚和再婚可能性或不可能性的教导。 I mean here his teaching on marriage, and particularly his teaching on what marriage does, and on the possibility or impossibility of divorce and remarriage.
我理解这是因为，你知道，在互联网和播客上，人们喜 欢夸大他们的说法，因为这样更容易吸引点击量等等。 Now I understand this being, you know, the internet, podcasts, people like to exaggerate their claims because it's more clickable and all this.
我明白这一切。 I get all that.
但耶稣所呈现的教导确实相当令人震惊，我们部分 从阅读中得知，部分从看到对它的反应中得知。 But the teaching Jesus presents really is quite shocking, and we know that partly from reading it, and partly from seeing the reaction to it.
所以在马太福音第19章，耶稣阐述他关于婚姻的教导后，值得记住门徒们的反应。 So in Matthew chapter 19, after Jesus presents his teaching on marriage, it's worth remembering what the disciples do in response.
他们对他说「人和妻子既是这样，倒不如不娶。」 They say to him, if such is the case of a man with his wife, it is not expedient to marry.
如果婚姻像你所说的那样极端，我们就不想那样做。 If marriage is going to be as extreme as you're presenting it, we don't want to do that.
我们不想要婚姻。 We don't want marriage.
这没有意义。 It doesn't make sense.
我认为值得记住这种反应，因为几个世纪以来，基督徒已经淡化了耶稣的教导，特别是 关于离婚和再婚的教导，以至于我们不再认识它那令人震惊、真实、真正福音的形式。 And I think it's worth keeping that reaction in mind, because for centuries now, Christians have watered down Jesus's teaching, particularly about divorce and remarriage, so that we no longer recognize it in its shocking, authentic, true gospel form.
那么，耶稣的激进教导是什么？ So with that said, what is Jesus's radical teaching?
我认为，最好的一句话总结实际上来自旧约，在玛拉基书第2章，神说「我恨恶休妻。」 Well, I would argue that the best one-line summary of it actually comes from the Old Testament, in Malachi chapter 2, where God says, for I hate divorce.
所以玛拉基书2章16节，就在那里，说明了一切。 So Malachi 2 of 16, right there, says it all.
神恨恶离婚。 God hates divorce.
在摩西律法下，离婚在某些情况下仍然被允许。 Now, under the Mosaic law, divorce was still permitted in some cases.
所以耶稣被问到这个问题。 And so Jesus is asked about this.
我想详细讲解马可福音第10章的对话。法利赛人来试探他。 I want to walk through the conversation in Mark chapter 10. The Pharisees come up to test him.
他们问「人休妻可以不可以？」 And they ask, is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?
注意，这是非常清楚的。 Now, notice, this is bracingly clear.
这个问题很直接。 The question is straightforward.
我们不需要从法律角度说，他们到底是什么意思？ We don't have to legalistically say, well, what do they really mean by that?
他们只是想知道，休妻合法吗？ They just want to know, is it lawful to divorce your wife?
因为显然，摩西律法中有一些段落允许在某些情况下离婚。 Because clearly, you've got these passages in the law of Moses that permit divorce in certain circumstances.
不同的犹太思想流派对这些情况的看法有分歧。 Now, different Jewish schools of thought disagreed about what those circumstances looked like.
但普遍认为离婚是被允许的。 But there was a widespread agreement that divorce was permitted.
耶稣说不是这样。 Not so, says Jesus.
在第3节，耶稣回答说「摩西吩咐你们的是什么？」 In verse 3, Jesus responds, what did Moses command you?
他们说「摩西许人写休书休妻。」 And they say, Moses allowed a man to write a certificate of divorce and to put her away.
明白吗？ Okay?
就是这样。 So there it is.
在旧律法下，离婚是被允许的。 Under the old law, divorce was permitted.
他们在这一点上达成一致。 They're in agreement on this point.
但耶稣说，那是因为你们的心硬。 But Jesus says, that was because of your hardness of heart.
摩西因为你们的心硬，才写这条例给你们。 For your hardness of heart, he wrote you this commandment.
但从起初创造的时候，他引用创世记1章27节说「神造人是造男造女。」 But from the beginning of creation, and then quoting Genesis 127, he says, God made them male and female.
然后他转向创世记第2章说「因此，人要离开父母，与妻子连合，二人成为一体。」 And then he turns to Genesis chapter 2 and says, for this reason, a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one.
这样，他们不再是两个人，乃是一体的了。 So they are no longer two, but one.
现在，请理解他在这里做了什么。 Now, just understand what he's done here.
他说，摩西给了你们这个道德标准。 He said, Moses gave you this moral standard.
那是因为你们的心硬。 That was because of your hardness of heart.
我给你们一个更高的标准，但这个更高的标准并不是什么疯狂的新创意。 I'm giving you a higher one, but this higher one isn't some crazy new innovation.
这是回归神对婚姻的原初计划和设计。 This is a return to the original plan and design God has for marriage.
然后，马可福音10章9节，他说「所以神配合的，人不可分开。」 And then, Mark 10 verse 9, he says, what therefore God has joined together, let not man put asunder.
我们稍后会讨论是否有更好的理解方式，但这就是我们现在所处理的。 We'll get into whether there's a better way of understanding that, but that's what we're dealing with right now.
这是一个足够令人震惊的教导，以至于门徒们不愿放过。 This is a shocking enough teaching that the disciples don't leave it alone.
在第10节，我们被告知在屋里，门徒又问他这事。 In verse 10, we're told that in the house, the disciples asked him again about this matter.
这是马可的叙述。 Now, that's Mark's telling.
马太给了我们更多细节。 Matthew gives us more detail.
你知道，如果婚姻是这样的情况，那么结婚就不合适了，对吗？ You know, if such is the case with marriage, it's not expedient to get married, right?
他们不只是说「再解释一下」，而是感到震惊。 Like, they're not just saying, explain that a little more, but they're shocked.
所以，他们私下去问他这事。 And so, they privately go to him about it.
耶稣在第11节说「凡休妻另娶的，就是犯奸淫，辜负他的妻子。」 And Jesus says, being in verse 11, whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her.
「妻子若离弃丈夫另嫁，也是犯奸淫了。」 And if she divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery.
所以，有三点要点。 So, three takeaways.
第一，耶稣明确地超越了摩西律法，呼召我们达到更高的道德标准。 Number one, Jesus is explicitly going beyond the Mosaic law, calling us to a higher moral standard.
所以，你不能回应说「看，旧约更宽松」，因为耶稣承认了这一点。 So, you can't respond by saying, well, look, the Old Testament has more permissiveness, because Jesus acknowledges that.
那不是为你们设立的。 That's not for you.
第二，这个更高的道德标准——你不能离婚再婚——是神原 初设计的一部分，在神的计划中，男人和女人要成为一体。 Number two, this higher moral standard—you cannot get divorced and remarried—is part of God's original design, that in the plan of God, man and woman are to become one flesh.
因此，你不能分开一对已婚夫妇，就像你不能分开你自己的身体一样。 And so, you can no more separate a married couple than you could separate your own body.
这是一种死亡。 It's a sort of death.
第三，这意味着离婚和再婚是奸淫。 Third, this means that divorce and remarriage is adultery.
现在，它被称为奸淫这一事实非常重要，因为什么是奸淫？ Now, the fact that it's adultery is really significant, because what is adultery?
奸淫是在你仍然处于婚姻关系中时发生的婚外性关系。 Adultery is extramarital sexual relations while you are still married.
对吗？ Right?
比如，如果你犯了淫乱罪是因为你还没有结婚，那是一种罪。 Like, if you commit fornication because you're not yet married, that's one type of sin.
奸淫是另一种罪。 Adultery is a different type of sin.
要犯奸淫罪，你们中的一方必须是已婚的。 To be guilty of the sin of adultery, one or the other of you have to be married.
所以，耶稣是在说，你仍然有一个有效的第一次婚姻。 And so, Jesus is saying, you still have a valid first marriage.
称这为奸淫就是说你，作为一个凡人，不能解除神在使两人结合时所做的事。 To call this adulterous is to say you, as a mere mortal, can't undo what God has done in joining the two together.
所以，这不仅仅是一个道德问题，我是否被允许与这个人同床？ So, it's not just a moral question of, am I allowed to sleep with this person?
我是否被允许举行婚礼？ Am I allowed to go through a marriage ceremony?
不是这样的。 It's not that.
在更深的层面上，这是关于神的作为的问题。 At a deeper level, it's a question about the action of God.
他是否创造了这种不可解除的结合？ Has he created this indissoluble union?
你是否试图解除神所设立为不可解除的东西？ And are you trying to dissolve something that God has made indissoluble?
这就是耶稣在马可福音第10章中所呈现的。我希望你看到这有多么令人震惊。 That's what Jesus is presenting here in Mark 10. And I hope you see how shocking that is.
因为仅仅说你不被允许离婚再婚是一回事。 Because it's one thing to just say, you're not allowed to get divorced and remarried.
说你实际上无法以有意义的方式离婚是另一回事。 It's another thing to say, you literally can't get divorced in a meaningful sense.
就像，如果你有一个真正的婚姻，你不能解除神所做的事。 Like, if you have a true marriage, you cannot undo what God has done.
现在，他是在你同意的情况下做的，对吧？ Now, he's done it with your consent, right?
就像你在祭坛前说「我愿意」，你同意了。 Like, you said, I do at the altar, you're on board.
但这里形成了某种只有死亡才能分开的东西，没有人力可以分开。 But something was formed here that only death can separate, no human power.
所以，这是一个关键的想法，神所配合的。 So, that's a critical kind of idea, what God has joined together.
正如我之前提到的，RSVCE的英文翻译相当标准。它说「神所配合的，人不可分开。」 So, as I mentioned before, the English rendering was pretty standard in the RSVCE. It says, God has joined together, let not man put asunder.
我想从几个方面探讨这个问题。 And I want to explore that a couple of ways.
首先，这个想法非常符合婚姻的圣事观。 First, this idea is very much a sacramental view of marriage.
也就是说，婚姻不仅仅是一份合同。 That is, marriage isn't just a contract.
这不仅仅是一个人类层面的合同，就像进入一个商业关系， 你知道，建立联盟或类似的事情可以是人类层面的合同。 It's not just a human contract, the way entering a business, you know, making an alliance or something like this could be a human level contract.
有更深层的东西在发生。 Something deeper is going on.
因为如果我开始一项业务并填写所有文件，或者如果我与他人建立业务伙 伴关系，也许我真的很喜欢与他们合作，比如说，我想与你长期合作。 Because if I start a business and file all the paperwork, or if I enter into a business partnership with someone else, that maybe I really enjoy working with them, say, I want to work with you for a long time.
也许我与另一个国家结成联盟。 Maybe I form an alliance with another country.
这些都是人类的事情。 Those are all human things.
我们不会说神把我们结合在一起。 We wouldn't say God has joined us together.
但婚姻，虽然在某种程度上完全是人类的，但有更深层次的东西，有神圣的东西在起作用。 But marriage, while being fully human in one way, something deeper, something divine is at work.
神在实际上进行结合，尽管我们看不到那个元素。 God is doing the actual joining together, even though we don't see that element.
在以弗所书第5章，圣保罗引用了我们刚刚从耶稣那里听到的创世记第2章的这段话。 In Ephesians chapter 5, St. Paul quotes this passage from Genesis 2 that we just heard from from Jesus.
「为这个缘故，人要离开父母，与妻子连合，二人成为一体。」 For this reason, a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one, or the two shall become one flesh.
圣保罗非常清楚地表明，这是对婚姻的一种相当圣事性的理解。 And St. Paul is really clear that this is a pretty sacramental understanding of marriage.
他说，这是一个极大的奥秘。 He says, this is a great mystery.
希腊语中的词是mysterion。 The Greek word there is mysterion.
我指的是关于基督和教会。 And I mean in reference to Christ in the church.
现在，我们经常把奥秘想象成，你知道，一种谁干的，福尔摩斯式的东西。 Now, we often just think of mystery as like, you know, a whodunit, Sherlock Holmes kind of thing.
但在圣经意义上的奥秘实际上是圣事性的。 But mystery in the biblical sense is really sacramental.
例如，我们的英语单词「圣事」就源自mysterion。 So, for instance, our English word sacrament derives from mysterion.
它来自拉丁语的sacramentum标志， 最终来自希腊语的奥秘，mysterion。 It comes from the Latin sacramentum sign, and ultimately from the Greek mystery, mysterion.
在世俗语境中，mysterion是在军事背景下使用的宗教仪式或誓言。 And in secular context, a mysterion was the religious right or oath that was used in military contexts.
所以，如果你加入军队，你会在众神面前宣誓。 So, if you joined the army, you would make an oath before the gods.
这被称为mysterion。 And this was called the mysterion.
所以，在称婚姻为mysterion时，保罗 在某种程度上将其描述为一种明显的宗教仪式。 So, in calling marriage mysterion, there is an element where Paul is describing it as a distinctly religious ritual.
这就是为什么这发生在教会里，而其他的，你知道，当你 去签字成为非营利组织时，你不会在祭坛前做这件事。 And there's a reason this is happening in church, whereas other, you know, when you go to sign to become like a not-for-profit, you don't do that at the altar.
所以，这就是为什么我们理解这是圣事性的。 So, this is why we understand this to be sacramental.
但我还没有讲完那节经文。 But I'm not done with that verse yet.
神所配合的，人不可分开。 What God is doing together, let not man put asunder.
那另一部分呢？ What about that other part?
具体来说，耶稣在这里只是在表达愿望，还是在下命令？ Specifically, is Jesus just wishing here, or is he commanding?
J.P.梅耶在他著名的书《边缘的犹太人》中说，传统的英文 翻译「人不可分开」听起来像是耶稣只是在表达愿望，对吧？ J.P. Meyer, in his famous book, A Marginal Jew, says that the traditional English translation, let not man put asunder, makes it sound like Jesus is just wishing, right?
我希望你不要解除我在这里所做的。 I hope you don't undo what I've done here.
但事实上，希腊文的表达比这更强烈。 But in fact, the Greek is much stronger than that.
它是第三人称单数命令式。 It's in the third person singular imperative.
在现代英语中我们并没有这种形式。 And we don't really have that form in modern English.
事实上，在现代英语中有这种形式。 And in fact, have that form in modern English.
所以，这是一个实际的命令。 And so, it's an actual command.
在同一页的稍后部分，他将其描述为对离婚的一种双重致命打击。 A bit later in that same page, he describes it as a sort of two-punch knockout blow to divorce.
因为在这段经文中，耶稣做了两件事。 Because in this passage, Jesus does two things.
第一，他说离婚本身是被禁止的，因为它违背神的旨 意，这旨意铭刻在创造的结构中，婚姻的结构中。 Number one, he says divorce itself is prohibited as contrary to God's will, inscribed in the very structure of creation, the very structure of marriage.
第二，因此，任何离婚并再婚的人都犯了奸淫。 And number two, therefore, anyone who divorces and remarries commits adultery.
所以，他不只是在说，我真希望你不要这样做。 So, he's not just saying, I really hope you don't do it.
他是在命令你不要这样做。 He's ordering you not to.
这不仅仅是在说，这是基督徒的理想，但没有人能达到理想。 This is not just saying, here's the Christian ideal, but no one's going to hit the ideal.
不，他实际上是在说，这是你必须遵守的。 No, he's actually saying, this is what you're bound to.
不要偏离它。 Don't deviate from it.
这与说「如果你能做到那就太好了，但不用担心」是有区别的。 There's a difference from saying, be great if you could do this, but no worries.
而是在说，你被命令不要这样做。 And saying, you're commanded not to do this.
现在，也许这看起来很明显。 And now, maybe that seems really obvious.
我的意思是，我认为马可福音第10章是一段非常清晰的经文。 I mean, I think Mark 10 is a very clear passage.
我认为马太福音第19章也相当清楚。 I think Matthew 19 is pretty clear.
但我认为，如果你看数据，如果你看基督教的证据，可以公平地 说神恨恶离婚，但基督徒似乎并不恨恶。再次强调，神说「我恨 恶休妻」，玛拉基书2章16节。将这与社会学数据对比。 But I think if you look at the data, if you look at the evidence of Christianity, it's fair to say God hates divorce, but Christians seemingly don't. Again, God, I hate divorce, Malachi 2 verse 16. Contrast that with the sociological data.
社会学数据显示每年离婚的概率，有很多不同的方法来衡量离婚率，但没有一种是完美的。 The sociological data that the annual probability of divorce, and there's a lot of different ways of measuring divorce rates, and none of them are perfect.
但在任何给定的婚姻中，一个非宗教人士或没有宗 教背景的人在给定的一年中有约5%的机会离婚。 But in any given marriage, a non-religious person or a person with a non-religious upbringing has about a 5% chance in a given year of getting divorced.
对于基督徒来说，这个数字是四点几。 For Christians, it's like four point something.
对于福音派基督徒来说，这个数字接近五。 And for evangelical Christians, it's very nearly five.
所以，没有人做得很好。 So, nobody's doing great.
实际上，离婚率最低的是非基督教宗教。 Actually, the lowest rate are non-Christian religions.
摩门教徒、穆斯林、印度教徒在不离婚方面实际上 做得比那些经文说「我恨恶离婚」的人要好得多。 Mormons, Muslims, Hindus actually do much better in terms of not getting divorced than the people whose scriptures say, I hate divorce.
这对我们基督徒来说是一个大大的警告信号。 That's a big red flag for us as Christians.
现在，关于这一点可以说的有很多。 Now, there's a lot that could be said about this.
这些数据来自家庭研究所。 So, that data is from the Institute for Family Studies.
其中一位合著者是一位相当著名的研究者，名叫布拉德·威尔科克斯。 And one of the co-authors of that is a fairly famous researcher by the name of Brad Wilcox.
早在2004年，他就研究了关于这方面的讲道角色。 Back in 2004, he looked at the role of preaching in regards to this.
现在，我首先要承认，2004年的数据并不是很新。 Now, I'll acknowledge at the outset, 2004 is not very recent data.
在这个领域找到可靠的数据有点困难。 It's a little bit hard to find solid data in this area.
但我认为这对我们的目的来说已经足够好了，那就 是让人对正在被传讲的内容有一个大致的感觉。 But this is, I think, good enough for our purposes, which is to give a feel for a general sense of what's being preached.
所以，我们在这里看到的图表数据大约是2017年的。但接下来要讨论的这本书 《温和的家长，新男人》是2004年的。他指出了保守新教中的这个奇怪特征。 So, the data we're looking at here in terms of the charts is like 2017. But in terms of what's coming next, this book, Soft Patriarchs, New Men, that's from 2004. And he points out this strange feature within conservative Protestantism.
他说，考虑到对同性恋和堕胎的明确和压倒性的反对，保守新 教关于离婚和再婚的讨论却表现出令人惊讶的矛盾和分歧。 He says, given the clear and overwhelming opposition to homosexuality and abortion, conservative Protestant discourse regarding divorce and remarriage is characterized by a striking level of ambivalence and dissensus.
换句话说，如果你问一个保守的新教徒，神对同性恋或堕 胎的教导是什么，你很可能会得到一个非常明确的答案。 So, in other words, if you ask a conservative Protestant, what does God teach about homosexuality or abortion, you're likely to get a very clear answer.
但如果你问这些同样的新教徒，特别是新教牧师， 当他看着新教传教士时，神对离婚和再婚怎么说？ But if you ask those same Protestants, especially Protestant clergy, when he's looking at Protestant preachers, what does God say about divorce and remarriage?
基督教关于离婚和再婚的教导是什么？ What's the Christian teaching on divorce and remarriage?
你很可能得不到一个明确的答案。 You're likely not to get a clear answer.
或者即使你得到了一个明确的答案，我们一开始也不知 道你会得到什么明确的答案，因为有三个主要阵营。 Or if you do get a clear answer, we don't know at the outset what clear answer you're going to get, because there's three major camps.
首先，威尔科克斯说，少数保守新教领袖持完全不允许离婚的立场。 First, Wilcox says, a small minority of conservative Protestant leaders take the position that divorce is totally impermissible.
例如，1980年对南方浸信会牧师的一项调查发现 ，16%的人认为在任何情况下都应该避免离婚。 For instance, a 1980 poll of Southern Baptist clergy found that 16% believe that divorce should be avoided under any circumstance.
16%！这不是16%的那种非常激进的自由派基督徒。 16%! This is not 16% of, like, your really radically liberal Christians.
这是16%的南方浸信会牧师。 This is 16% of Southern Baptist clergy.
所以，在保守的基督徒中，有84%的人不愿意说 马可福音第10章是耶稣关于离婚和再婚的教导。 So, among conservative Christians, fully 84% of them aren't willing to say Mark 10 is what Jesus teaches about divorce and remarriage.
如果你离婚并再婚，你就是在犯奸淫。 That if you get divorced and remarry, you're committing adultery.
这在某种程度上说明了耶稣的教导是多么令人震惊，以至于五分之四以 上的南方浸信会传教士没有在这里传讲福音的真理，因为它太难了。 That, in a way, speaks to how shocking Jesus's teaching is that more than four out of five Southern Baptist preachers aren't preaching the truth of the gospel here because it's too hard.
这就是第一个阵营。 So, that's the first camp.
但是，威尔科克斯说，大多数领导人集中在两个更宽松的立场上。 But, Wilcox says, most leaders cluster around two more permissive positions.
所以，第二个阵营，实际上是我们今天要看的，这些宽松立场中更保守的一个，我们就称 之为第二立场，因为称它为保守新教徒的保守宽松立场是一个笨拙和令人困惑的名称。 So, the second camp, which is actually the one we're going to look at today, the more conservative of these permissive positions, we'll just call it the second position because calling it the conservative permissive position of conservative Protestants is a unwieldy and confusing name.
所以，第二个立场，由像詹姆斯·多布森博士这样的人物采纳，家庭方面的人士，试图紧 密遵循指导，注意现在不是命令，而是指导，关于在特定圣经文本中发现的离婚和再婚。 So, the second position, adopted by figures like Dr. James Dobson, folks on the family, attempts to hew closely to the guidance, notice it's not command now, it's guidance, regarding divorce and remarriage found in specific biblical texts.
它认为基督对离婚的谴责意味着基督徒不允许离婚和再婚，除非是马太福 音19:9中的奸淫圣经依据或哥林多前书7:15中不信的配偶离弃。 我们主要会解析这两个所谓依据中的第一个，但我们会讲到这一点。 It holds that Christ's condemnation of divorce means that divorce and remarriage are not permissible for Christians except for the biblical grounds of adultery in Matthew 19.9 or the desertion of an unbelieving spouse, 1 Corinthians 7.15. We're going to unpack mostly the first of those two alleged grounds, but we'll get to that.
然而，这第二阵营中的许多支持者进行了复杂的解释学操作来应用离弃例外。 Nevertheless, many proponents in this second camp perform elaborate hermeneutical maneuvers to apply the desertion exception.
所以，在哥林多前书7章，圣保罗说，如果你不是受洗的信徒 ，你成为信徒，而你不信的配偶离弃你，你就可以自由结婚。 So, in 1 Corinthians 7, St. Paul says that if you're not a baptized believer, you become a believer, and your unbelieving spouse abandons you, you are free to get married.
许多更保守的新教徒会说，基本上任何离弃你的人都是 在表现得像不信的人，所以这几乎变成了同义反复。 Many of the more conservative Protestants will say, well, basically anyone who abandons you is acting as an unbeliever, so it just becomes almost tautological.
所以，不再是你被不信的配偶离弃，而是如果你因任何原因被任何人离弃。 So, it's no longer you're abandoned by an unbelieving spouse, if you're abandoned for any reason by anybody.
所以，它改变了圣经的例外情况，当你理解正在发生的事 情时，这实际上并不是一个例外，但我会讲到这一点。 So, it changes the biblical exception, which isn't really an exception when you understand what's going on, but I'll get there.
然后你有第三个立场，再次，在保守新教牧师中，用威尔科克斯的话说，由相当 多的保守新教领袖持有，这完全放弃了遵循新约关于离婚教导字面意思的努力。 And then you have the third position, again, among conservative Protestant clergy, held by, in Wilcox's term, a sizable minority of conservative Protestant leaders, which dispenses entirely with the effort to follow the letter of New Testament teachings on divorce.
它只是说，是的，我们不会听从耶稣在这里所说的。 It just says, yeah, we're not going to listen to what Jesus says here.
这种立场认为离婚是有罪的，但很像主流新教的立场，援引基督教精神 来论证再婚应该对离婚的基督徒开放，不管他们离婚的原因是什么。 This position views divorce as sinful, but much like the mainline Protestant position, invokes the spirit of Christianity to argue that remarriage should be open to divorced Christians, regardless of the reason they divorced.
所以，这就是说，你可以因任何原因离婚和再婚。 So, this is just, you can divorce and remarry for any reason.
是的，也许这是罪，但它不会阻止你进天堂，不会阻止 你成为教会的成员，不会阻止你在教会举行再婚仪式。 And yeah, maybe it's a sin, but it's not going to keep you from going to heaven, it's not going to stop you from being a member of the church, it's not going to stop you from having your remarriage ceremony in the church.
我们会祝福耶稣称之为罪恶的事，他称之为奸淫的事，我们会称之为婚姻。 We'll bless this thing that Jesus calls sinful, that he calls adultery, we'll call it marriage.
所以，正如我所说，我将关注那个中间立场，因为我同意第一个立场。 So, as I said, I'm going to focus on that middle position, because I agree with the first position.
第三个立场看起来太离谱了，很明显是错误的。 The third position seems so out there that it's pretty obvious that it's wrong.
第二个立场说一般来说离婚和再婚是不好的，但圣经给了我们这些例外情况。 The second position that says generally divorce and remarriage is bad, but there are these exceptional cases that the Bible gives us outs on.
所以，这里是艾伦·帕尔给出的这个中间立场的一个例子。 So, here's Alan Parr giving an example of this middle position.
他说，我相信圣经提供了四个离婚的理由，假设这个人会再婚。 He said, I believe that the Bible provides four grounds for divorce with the assumption that the person would get remarried.
第一个是奸淫。 The first is adultery.
耶稣说，如果一方配偶犯奸淫，那么另一方配偶有选择离婚和再婚的权利。 Jesus says that if a spouse commits adultery, then the other spouse has the option to divorce and remarry.
然而，我们必须始终记住，如果犯错的配偶真诚悔改，和解总是更可取的。 However, we must always remember that reconciliation is always preferred if the offending spouse is truly repentant.
所以，希望你看到为什么我从J.P.梅耶的观点开始，关于耶 稣不仅仅是给出一个理想的情况，他实际上是在给出一个命令。 So, hopefully you see why I started with J.P. Meyer's thing about how Jesus isn't just giving an ideal set of circumstances, he's actually giving a commandment.
因为寻找逃避通道的新教徒说话时好像耶稣在描述一些不可能的理想。 Because Protestants looking for escape passages talk as if Jesus is describing some impossible ideal.
你知道，这是你的首选，这是计划A。最好是你不要离婚。 You know, this is your first choice, this is plan A. It's to be preferred that you don't get divorced.
这就像在说，你知道，耶稣更喜欢你不要杀人。 That's like saying, you know, Jesus prefers if you don't murder people.
不，他命令你不要杀人。 No, he commands you not to murder people.
所以，这不仅仅是神的偏好问题，而是神的命令。 So, this is not just a matter of divine preference, but of divine command.
耶稣不只是在表达愿望，他是在命令。 Jesus isn't just wishing, he's commanding.
所以，当我们不服从他时，我们不仅仅是没有达到他的愿 望，不仅仅是让他的抱负失望，我们是在犯罪得罪他。 And so, when we disobey him, we're not just like falling short of his wishes, we're not just like disappointing his aspirations, we're sinning against him.
无论如何，注意马太福音19章部分阅读中的两件 事。再次，他只是这个非常普遍立场的一个例子。 In any case, notice two things from part of reading of Matthew 19. And again, he's just an example of this very common position.
第一，他声称耶稣为奸淫创造了一个例外。 Number one, he claims that Jesus is creating an exception for adultery.
第二，这个所谓的奸淫例外只适用于被欺骗的配偶，而不适用于欺骗的配偶。 Number two, this alleged adultery exception applies only to the cheated-upon spouse, not to the spouse who does the cheating.
现在，我们将查看圣经证据，你会看到新教徒只是编造了这个。 Now, we're going to look through biblical evidence, and you'll see Protestants have simply made this up.
字面上，你在任何地方都找不到这个。 Literally, you won't find this anywhere.
现在，可以肯定的是，在哥林多前书中，如果你作为信主的配 偶被遗弃，那里确实有一个例外，在遗弃者和被遗弃者之间。 Now, to be sure, in 1 Corinthians, if you're abandoned as the believing spouse, there is an exception there between the one doing the abandoning and the abandoned.
但有两个区别。 But there's two distinctions.
一，遗弃的人不是基督徒，二，他们是在遗弃。 One, the one doing the abandoning is not Christian, and two, they're abandoning.
在奸淫的情况下，你没有任何这样的语言。 In adultery, you don't have any kind of language like that.
它并没有说，如果你被欺骗了，你就可以再婚。 It doesn't say, if you're cheated on, you're allowed to get remarried.
但如果你欺骗别人，你就不行。 But if you cheat on someone else, you're not.
这根本就不存在。 That's just nowhere.
这完全是新教徒编造的。 That is completely made up by Protestants.
如果你不相信我，找一个章节或经文。 And if you don't believe me, find a chapter or verse.
它不存在。 It doesn't exist.
而且说这些话的人从来不指出它们。 And the people who say these things never point to them.
我会解释为什么他们必须做出这些圣经之外、非圣经 的法律区分，因为这显示了他们立场的不可能性。 I'll get into why they have to make these extra-biblical, non-biblical kind of legal distinctions, because it shows the impossibility of their position.
但在我讲到那里之前，我们在这里处理的大问题是，耶稣是否为奸淫设立了例外？ But before I get there, the big question we're dealing with here is, does Jesus make an adultery exception or not?
我想让你把自己置于一世纪某个人的位置。 I want you to put yourself in the position of someone in the first century.
假设你生活在圣经还没有全部装订在一起的时代，但也 许你没有听过耶稣讲道，或者你只是依赖新约文献。 Let's say you're living in an era before the Bible is all bound together, but maybe you haven't heard Jesus preach, or you're just relying on the New Testament documents.
这可能是一世纪、二世纪、三世纪。 This could be first century, second century, third century.
所以，你想回答这个问题。 And so, you want to answer this question.
如果我的配偶对我不忠，耶稣允许我离婚再婚吗？ Does Jesus allow me to get divorced and remarried if my spouse cheats on me?
于是，你打开卷轴，马可福音，你读到「凡休妻另娶的，就是犯奸淫，辜负他的妻子。」 And so, you open the scroll, the Gospel of Mark, and you read that whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her.
好的，非常明确的答案。 Okay, very clear answer.
我不被允许。 I'm not allowed to.
没有为奸淫设立例外。 There's no exception for adultery.
然后也许你幸运地也有路加福音的卷轴。 Then maybe you are fortunate enough to have the scroll of Luke as well.
路加福音16章18节。「凡休妻另娶的，就是犯奸淫。」 Luke 16, verse 18. Everyone who divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery.
好的，非常公平，同样清楚。 Okay, very fair, equally clear.
或者罗马书7章，也许你也幸运地有那封信。 Or Romans 7, maybe you're fortunate enough to have that letter as well.
「妇人有了丈夫，丈夫还活着，就被律法约束。」 A married woman is bound by law to her husband as long as he lives.
「丈夫若死了，就脱离了丈夫的律法。」 If her husband dies, she is discharged from the law concerning her husband.
「所以丈夫活着，她若归于别人，便叫淫妇。」 Accordingly, she will be called an adulteress if she lives with another man while her husband is alive.
好的，一个接一个的清晰教导。 All right, one clear teaching after another after another.
那么，这里发生了什么？ So, what is going on here?
为什么新教，保守的新教徒倾向于说答案实际上 是奸淫是可以接受的圣经依据来离婚和再婚？ Why do Protestant, conservative Protestants tend to say that the answer is actually adultery is permissible biblical grounds to get divorced and remarried?
主要是通过忽视我刚才引用的所有三段经文，而只专注于一个地方，马太福音。 Well, largely by ignoring all three of the texts I just cited, and instead focusing exclusively on one place, the Gospel of Matthew.
因为马太福音中有两行被曲解了。 Because there are two lines that are in the Gospel of Matthew that are distorted.
第一个在马太福音第5章。这是登山宝训。 The first one is in Matthew 5. This is Sermon on the Mount.
耶稣说「有话说，人若休妻，就当给她休书。」 Jesus says, it was said to you, whoever divorces his wife, let him give her a certificate of divorce.
「但我告诉你们，凡休妻的」，然后这里有一个在其他资料 中没有的条款，「若不是因为」，这里翻译为「淫乱」。 But I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, and then there's a clause here that isn't in any of the other sources, except on the ground of, and it's translated here, unchastity.
其他翻译会说「淫行」。 Other translations are going to say fornication.
但希腊词是porneia。 But the Greek word is porneia.
这就是「色情」这个词的来源。 It's where the word pornography comes from.
「除非因为porneia，就是叫她作淫妇了。」 Porneia, except on the ground of porneia, makes her an adulteress.
好的，所以这里有些特别的，除了porneia。 Okay, so something is going on here, except for porneia.
从现在开始我们就这样称呼它。 That's what we're going to call this from now on.
因为在马太福音19章9节，他说了同样的话。 Because in Matthew 19, verse 9, he says the same thing.
「凡休妻另娶的，若不是为porneia的缘故，就是犯奸淫了。」 Whoever divorces his wife, except for porneia, and marries another commits adultery.
所以，基于这一点，许多新教徒声称，好的，这个porneia是奸淫的一个例外。 So, on the basis of this, many Protestants have claimed, okay, this porneia thing is an exception for adultery.
例如，这里是托马斯·施莱纳博士正在提出这个论 点，并正确地指出这在历史上是标准的新教观点。 So, for instance, here's Dr. Thomas Schreiner making just that argument and making the point correctly that this is the standard Protestant view historically.
第三种观点，也就是传统的新教观点，认为离婚和再婚从来都不是理想的。 The third view, which is the traditional Protestant view, is that divorce and remarriage, they're never the ideal.
即使犯了罪，我们也试图维系婚姻，对吧？ And even when sin is committed, we try to keep marriages together, right?
我们不会说，如果有性罪，那么你必须离婚，对吗？ We don't say, if there's sexual sin, then you must divorce, do we?
我们努力维系婚姻。 We work at trying to keep marriages together.
但第三种观点说，如果有性罪，离婚和再婚是被允许的。 But the third view says, if there's sexual sin, divorce and remarriage are permitted.
事实上，这甚至让施莱纳博士说，但我认为我们应该坚持耶稣所说的。 In fact, this even leaves Dr. Schreiner to say, but I think we stick with what Jesus said.
我认为耶稣说，是的，这不是罪。 And I think Jesus said, yes, it is not sin.
在某些情况下，离婚和再婚不是罪。 It is not sin, in some cases, to be divorced and to remarry.
好的，很好。 Okay, great.
所以，你在马可福音、路加福音和圣保罗的著作中 非常清楚地看到，耶稣说离婚和再婚是有罪的。 So, you've got in Mark's gospel, in Luke's gospel, and in the writings of St. Paul, very clearly, Jesus saying divorce and remarriage is sinful.
然后你有新教徒说，只要有某些条件，比如奸淫，它就不是有罪的。 And then you have Protestants who say, it's not sinful, as long as there are certain conditions, like adultery.
这种观点会有几个问题。 There's going to be several problems with this view.
所以，这里有五个关于奸淫例外观点的主要问题。 So, here are five major problems with the adultery exception view.
在我讲到那里之前，我只想说这个。 Before I get there, I will just say this.
为施莱纳博士辩护，他是对的。 In Dr. Schreiner's defense, he is right.
马丁·路德站在他这边。 Martin Luther is on his side.
约翰·加尔文站在他这边。 John Calvin is on his side.
他应该知道，除了一个例外安布罗西亚斯特，没有早期基督徒站在他这边。 He should know that with one exception, Ambrosiaster, none of the early Christians are on his side.
他们不采纳新教的观点。 They don't take the Protestant view.
他们有更高的道德标准，更令人震惊，更符合圣经。 They have a much higher moral standard, much more shocking, much more biblical.
所以，我不想过多地挑剔这一点，因为我认为很多说 英语的基督徒会说，看，它说除了淫乱或除了不贞。 So, I don't want to pick on this too much, because I think a lot of English-speaking Christians say, look, it says except for fornication or except for unchastity.
这不正是这些新教徒所说的意思吗？ Doesn't that mean exactly what these Protestants are saying it means?
不。这里有五个理由说明为什么应该警惕。 No. Here are five reasons why red flags should be going off.
首先，正如我已经暗示的，这造成了圣经的矛盾，因为耶稣在马可福音和路加福音中禁止离 婚，在罗马书中也是如此，而耶稣在马太福音中却在完全相同的情况下允许离婚和再婚。 First, as I've already alluded, it creates a biblical contradiction, because Jesus and Mark and Luke forbids divorce and in Romans, while Jesus and Matthew's gospel permits divorce and remarriage under the exact same circumstances.
有人说，我被欺骗了，我可以离婚再婚吗？ That someone saying, I got cheated on, can I get divorced and remarried?
根据新教的观点，这取决于他们恰好读了哪本书，这就是为什么持这种观点 的新教徒总是指向马太福音，然后对马可福音、路加福音和罗马书保持沉默 ，因为马可福音、路加福音和罗马书与你可以离婚再婚的想法相矛盾。 According to the Protestant view, it depends which book they happen to read, which is why Protestants of this view always point them to Matthew and then just are silent about Mark and Luke and Romans, because Mark, Luke, and Romans contradict the idea that you can get divorced and remarried.
我们可以稍微换个角度来看这个问题。 We can put the problem a little bit differently.
想象一下耶稣是一个新教徒。 Imagine for a second that Jesus was a Protestant.
想象他实际上的意思是，如果有人被欺骗了，我不反对他们离婚再婚。 Imagine he actually meant, I'm fine with people getting divorced and remarried if they've been cheated on.
为什么马可不知道这一点？ Why doesn't Mark know that?
为什么路加不知道这一点？ Why doesn't Luke know that?
为什么圣保罗不知道这一点？ Why doesn't St. Paul know that?
你不认为他们会写下这些东西吗？ Wouldn't you think they would write those things?
好的，这是第一个主要问题。 Okay, so that's the first major problem.
说耶稣有这个例外条款是一件令人震惊的事，而直接描述他关于婚姻教导的四位作者 中有三位不知道或没有写到这一点，即使他们直接写到他关于离婚和再婚的教导。 It's a stunning thing to say Jesus had this exception clause, and three of the four authors who described his teaching on marriage in this direct way didn't know about it or didn't write about it, even when they're directly on point writing what his teaching is about divorce and remarriage.
第二，即使在马太福音中，字面上也没有奸淫的例外。 Second, there literally isn't an adultery exception, even in Matthew.
我知道这听起来很奇怪，因为你经常听到奸淫例外，但这不是奸淫的词。 And I know that sounds very strange, because you hear about an adultery exception all the time, but it's not the word for adultery.
所以，moikai，我的希腊语发音不太好。 So, moikai, my Greek pronunciation is not great.
Moikai是希腊语中奸淫的词，但这不是耶稣使用的词。 Moikai is the word for adultery in Greek, and that's not the word Jesus uses.
正如我提到的，他使用porneia。 As I mentioned, he uses porneia.
他在马太福音19章中两次使用moikai。所以，在马太福音19章9 节，他说如果你离婚，除非因为porneia，并且另娶，就是犯奸淫。 And he uses moikai twice in Matthew 19. So, in Matthew 19, verse 9, he says that if you get divorced except for porneia and marry another, you commit adultery.
Moikai。 Moikai.
所以，奸淫被提到了，但它不是理由。 So, adultery is mentioned, but it's not the grounds.
它不是例外条款。 It's not the exception clause.
它没有说，如果你离婚，除非因为奸淫，并且另娶，就是犯奸淫。 It doesn't say, if you get divorced except for adultery and marry someone else, you commit adultery.
不，它说除非因为porneia。 No, it says except for porneia.
同样，如果她离婚并另嫁，她就是犯奸淫。 And likewise, if she divorces you and marries another, she commits adultery.
但请注意，例外条款并没有使用这节经文中用于奸淫的同一个词，在马太福音19章9 节。有一个希腊词专门表示奸淫，非常明确的奸淫希腊词，但这里没有使用这个词。 But notice the exception clause doesn't use the same word that's used for adultery in this verse, in Matthew 19, verse 9. There's a Greek word for adultery, very clear Greek word for adultery, that is not the word used here.
而且，这在马太福音第5章也是一样的，除了porneia，你就是犯奸淫。 And to make this, and that's the same thing in Matthew 5 as well, that except for porneia, you commit adultery.
所以，porneia，是否与moikai意思相同？ So, porneia, does that mean the same thing as moikai?
它不是。 It does not.
这在马太福音中非常清楚，马太福音15章19节，耶稣谈到从内心发 出来的罪，他同时提到了moikai，奸淫，和porneia。 And this is very clear, even in the Gospel of Matthew, Matthew 15, verse 19, Jesus is talking about the sins that come out from within, and he mentions both moikai, adultery, and porneia.
所以，无论你认为porneia是什么，我们知道它不是的一件事就是奸淫。 So, whatever you think porneia is, the one thing we know it isn't, is adultery.
因为它在15章19节中与奸淫区分开来，而且在马 太福音第5章和第19章中也明确与奸淫区分开来。 Because it's distinguished in 1519 from adultery, and it's frankly distinguished in Matthew 5 and in Matthew 19 from adultery.
因为当你看这些内容时，耶稣使用两个不同的词来描述两个不同的现实。 Because when you look at each of those things, Jesus is using two separate words to describe two separate realities.
说这些意思相同会使这三段经文都变得多余。 To say those mean the same thing makes all three of those passages redundant.
这是个问题，对吧？ That's a problem, right?
我会讲到porneia的实际含义，但现在知 道无论它是什么意思，它都不是那个就足够了。 And I'll get into what porneia actually means, but for now, it's enough to know whatever it means, it isn't that.
第三个问题，例外吞噬了规则。 Third problem, the exception swallows the rule.
就像，如果你真的相信有性罪例外或奸淫例外，那是行不通的。 Like, if you really believe in a sexual sin exception or an adultery exception, that's unworkable.
我的意思是这样。 Here's what I mean.
在马太福音5章32节，耶稣说离婚和再婚是奸淫，除非因为po rneia，或porneias，在那种情况下，是因为召集。 In Matthew 5, in verse 32, Jesus said that divorce and remarriage is adulterous, except on the grounds of porneia, or porneias, in that case, it's because of convocation.
但在三四节之前，耶稣说，凡看见妇女就动淫念的，这人心里已经与她犯奸淫了。 But like three or four verses earlier, Jesus says, everyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart.
所以，在那里，不像马太福音32节使用porneia，在马太福音5 章28节，它实际上使用了，就像，嗨，它实际上使用了奸淫这个词。 So, in there, unlike in Matthew verse 32, where it uses porneia, in Matthew 5 verse 28, it actually uses, like, hi, it actually uses the word for adultery.
在那里他实际上是在谈论奸淫，而不是porneia。 There he actually is talking about adultery, not porneia.
所以，如果你认为有奸淫例外，而且因为马太福音第5章，马太福音第 5章告诉你每次你淫荡地看都是犯奸淫，这会造成一些问题，对吧？ So, if you think that there's an adultery exception, and because of Matthew 5, and Matthew 5 tells you that you commit adultery every time you look lustfully, this is going to create something of a problem, right?
除非你的配偶与情欲挣扎，否则你不能离婚再婚。 You can't get divorced and remarried unless your spouse struggles with lust.
你知道有多少婚姻可以被取消或避免，或者你可以离婚再婚吗？ Do you know the sheer number of marriages that would be annulable or avoidable, or you'd be able to divorce and remarry?
这是一个荒谬的例外条款。 That's an absurd exception clause.
我的意思是，记住使徒们的反应。 I mean, remember the reaction of the apostles.
耶稣的教导是一个足够高的标准，以至于他们犹豫并说，人 和妻子既是这样，倒不如不娶，因为你要长期坚持，对吧？ Jesus' teaching is a high enough standard that they balk and say, if such is the case of a man with his wife, it is not expedient to marry, because you're in it for the long haul, right?
这就是马太福音19章10节的要点，这远远超出了摩 西律法，在摩西律法中你基本上可以因任何理由离婚。 That's the point of Matthew 19 verse 10, that this is something far beyond the Mosaic law, where you could get divorced for basically any reason.
但在这种解释下，新教徒把我们带回了摩西律法，你基本上可以因任 何理由离婚，因为有多少婚姻中一个人不能指出另一个人的性罪呢？ But under this interpretation, Protestants have brought us back to the Mosaic law, where you can get divorced for basically any reason, because how many marriages could one person not point to sexual sins in the other one?
现在，这就提出了一个问题，那么，性罪有多严重？ Now, that raises the question, then, how serious is sexual sin?
好吧，我们已经看到它实际上不是奸淫这个词。 Well, we've already seen it isn't actually the word for adultery.
它不是moikai。 It's not moikai.
那么，它是通过情欲和在你心中的奸淫吗？ So, is it adultery by lust and in your heart?
是色情吗？ Is pornography?
在这种圣经解释中，到底什么是离婚和再婚的理由？ Is what exactly, on this biblical interpretation, are grounds for divorce and remarriage?
因为无论你画出的那个例外条款是什么，它看起来都相当巨大。 Because whatever that exception clause you're drawing is, it looks pretty huge.
第四个问题，这造成了一个奇怪的奸淫出路，这涉及 到我之前提到的律法主义，我稍后会解释我的意思。 The fourth problem, this creates a weird adultery out, and this gets into the legalism I cited before, and I'll explain what I mean in a second.
对马太福音19章的这种解释的奇怪结果是，它意味着你不被 允许离开你的妻子并与另一个女人结婚，除非你先欺骗她。 The bizarre result of this interpretation of Matthew 19 is that it means you're not allowed to leave your wife and get married to another woman, unless you cheat on her first.
如果你先欺骗她，那就是奸淫。 If you cheat on her first, then there's adultery.
所以，婚姻就解除了，现在你可以再婚了。 So, then the marriage is dissolved, and now you can get remarried.
这是一套非常扭曲的激励结构，你可以有一个新的 基督教婚姻，但只有在你先犯奸淫罪的情况下。 It's a very perverse set of incentive structures, where you get to have a new Christian marriage, but only if you commit the sin of adultery first.
这有任何意义吗？ Does that make any sense?
没有。 It does not.
所以，许多新教徒意识到这一点，发明了这些完全不符合圣经的规则，关于被冒犯的一 方如何可以再婚，但冒犯的一方不能，因为他们意识到，你不想以这样的方式解读圣经 ，给人们犯奸淫的动机，然而他们对马太福音19章的解读给了人们犯奸淫的动机。 And so, many Protestants, realizing this, invent these totally unbiblical rules about how the offended party gets to get remarried, but the offending party doesn't, because they realize, like, you don't want to read the Bible in such a way that you give incentives to people to commit adultery, and yet their reading of Matthew 19 gives incentives to people to commit adultery.
所以，他们不得不说，不，不，不，这个奸淫的例外只适用于你是受害者的情况。 And so, they have to say, no, no, no, this exception for adultery only applies if you're the victim.
现在，这在文本中根本找不到。 Now, that's literally not found in the text.
它只是说，除了porneia，而且这也没有任何意义。 It just says, except for porneia, and it also doesn't make any sense.
我的意思是，从逻辑上讲，他们不想鼓励奸淫是有道理的，但想一想。 I mean, it makes sense on a logistical level why they don't want to encourage adultery, but think about it for a second.
约翰和简已经结婚了。 John and Jane are married.
约翰欺骗了简。 John cheats on Jane.
这意味着，从新教的观点来看，再次，这是中间的新教观点， 简可以认为她的婚姻已经解除，她可以自由地离婚和再婚。 This means, from the Protestant view, again, this middle Protestant view, Jane can view her marriage as dissolved, and she's free to get divorced and remarried.
约翰不能，因为他仍被认为是与简结婚，但简已经嫁给了别人。 John can't, because he's still considered married to Jane, but Jane's married to somebody else.
所以，这没有意义，对吧？ So, it doesn't make sense, right?
除非你只是说，作为惩罚，约翰不被允许再婚。 Unless you're just going to say, as punishment, John's not allowed to get remarried.
但这些都完全不在圣经中。 But none of that is in the scriptures at all.
所有这些都是完全编造的，就像层层叠加的虚构教导，因为你误解了马 太福音19章。然后第五个也是最后一个问题是，为什么只有性罪？ All of that is entirely disfabricated, like layer upon layer of made-up teaching, because you've misinterpreted Matthew 19. And then the fifth and final problem is, well, why just sexual sin?
如果耶稣真的在说，你知道，奸淫是如此严重，以至于如果你犯奸淫，你的婚姻就结 束了，所以在那种情况下离婚和再婚是可以的，那么婚姻中所有其他严重问题呢？ If Jesus is really saying, you know, adultery is so gross that if you commit adultery, your marriage is done, and so divorce and remarriage is okay there, what about all the other serious problems in a marriage?
虐待之类的事情呢？ What about things like abuse?
你要告诉我，家庭虐待的受害女性不能离婚再婚，但被欺骗的女性可以？ You're going to tell me that the woman who's a victim of domestic abuse can't get divorced and remarried, but the woman who's been cheated on can?
在什么一致性，什么连贯性上能解释这些？ On what consistency, what coherence kind of explains any of that?
所以，到目前为止，我只是在拆解，只是在展示这种流行的想象中的奸淫例 外是对圣经文本的糟糕解释，当你真正试图理解它时，它没有任何意义。 So, so far there, I've only been tearing down, just showing this popular imagination adultery exception is a terrible interpretation of the biblical text that doesn't make any sense when you actually try to make sense of it.
但让我来建构。 But let me build up.
porneia的实际例外是什么？ What's the actual exception for porneia?
正如我们将要看到的，这实际上根本不是一个例外。 And as we're going to see, it's not really an exception at all.
第二个问题是，为什么我们只在马太福音中找到porneia条款？ And as a second question, why do we only find the porneia clause in the Gospel of Matthew?
我认为当你理解porneia是什么时，这将变得非常清楚。 I think it'll become very clear when you understand what porneia is.
但首先，菲茨迈尔对死海古卷的101个问题的回答是。 But first, Fitzmyer's response is to 101 question on the Dead Sea Scrolls.
他问了这个问题，porneia是什么意思？ He asked the question, what is meant by porneia?
他说，它在马太福音的其他地方只出现在15:19，我们看到 porneia这个词只有我提到的三次，两次他说除了por neia，第三次是当他区分谋杀、奸淫、porneia时。 And he says, it occurs elsewhere in Matthew, only in 1519, that the only time we see the word porneia are the three times I've mentioned, the two times where he says, except for porneia, and the third time when he distinguishes murder, adultery, porneia.
所以你有我的奸淫，显然不是那个，对吧？ And so you've got my chi adultery, and it's clearly not that, right?
所以我们已经看到了那部分。 So we've already seen that part.
但从词源学上来说，菲茨迈尔说，它的意思类似于淫乱、卖淫或妓女行为。 But etymologically, Fitzmyer says, it means something like fornication, prostitution, or harlotry.
它来自porne，妓女，或者淫乱或作为妓女行事的动词。 It comes from porne, harlot, or the verb to fornicate or to act as harlot.
所以你可以再次看到，英语中像色情这样的词是从哪里来的。 So you can see, again, where words like pornography come from in English.
但正如菲茨迈尔指出的那样，从历史上看，这个 词porneia被用来指各种非法的性行为。 But just as Fitzmyer points out that historically, this word porneia was used of every kind of unlawful sexual intercourse.
那个'非法'这个词不仅仅意味着不道德。 That word unlawful doesn't just mean immoral.
它实际上意味着违反摩西律法。 It actually means contrary to the Mosaic law.
我们在使徒行传第15章中非常清楚地看到这一点。这是一段 很多人在阅读时不理解的段落，因为它看起来完全是任意的。 We see this very, very clearly in Acts chapter 15. This is a passage where a lot of people don't understand when they read it, because it seems totally arbitrary.
所以记住，使徒行传15章，争议是，外邦信徒会怎么样？ So remember, Acts 15, the controversy is, what happens with Gentile believers?
他们必须遵守摩西律法吗？ Do they have to follow the Mosaic law?
他们必须接受割礼吗？ Do they have to get circumcised?
耶路撒冷会议在28节说不，「圣灵和我们定意不将 别的重担放在你们身上，惟有几件事是不可少的。」 And the Council of Jerusalem says no, in verse 28, it has seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things.
第一，要禁戒祭偶像之物。 Number one, that you abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols.
第二，禁戒血和勒死的牲畜。 Two, and from blood and from what is strangled.
第三，禁戒porneia。 And three, from porneia.
所以外邦人被告知要禁戒祭偶像之物，禁戒带血的食物或勒死的牲畜。 So the Gentiles are told to abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from food with the blood in it or it's been strangled.
所以这是一种非法的食物准备方法。 So an unlawful method of food preparation.
第三，禁戒porneia。 And third, from porneia.
你就会想，等一下。 And you're just like, wait a second.
他们是在说，小心你怎么吃汉堡，同时也不要犯奸淫吗？ Are they saying, be careful how you eat your burger and also don't commit adultery?
我的意思是，因为在摩西律法下，是的，当然，你不能犯奸淫。 I mean, because under the Mosaic law, yeah, sure, you can't commit adultery.
但外邦人本来就不应该犯奸淫，而他们可以吃祭 过偶像的食物，他们可以吃半生不熟的牛排。 But Gentiles weren't supposed to be committing adultery in the first place, whereas they could eat food that had been sacrificed to idols, they could have rare steak.
这些不是自然法的一部分，但奸淫罪是。 Those are not part of natural law, but the sin of adultery is.
所以这种解释，如果你把这里的porneia理解为 奸淫，甚至理解为淫乱，你就完全误读了这段文本。 So this interpretation, if you read porneia here to mean adultery, even if you read it to mean fornication, you've completely misread the text.
而且这无法解释为什么外邦人会把这当作一个新的负担，对吧？ And it doesn't make any sense of why would the Gentiles be receiving this as a new burden, right?
所有基督徒，无论是犹太人还是外邦人，都应该知道不要在婚姻之外发生性关系。 All Christians, Jewish or Gentile, should know don't be having sex outside of marriage.
所以，对外邦人施加的是什么，这是一个有争议的点，对吧？ So what is being imposed on the Gentiles, that was a debatable point, right?
因为其他两点是有争议的。 Because the other two are debatable points.
你可以看到，也许他们会被允许吃祭过偶像的食物。 You could see that maybe they would be allowed to eat food sacrificed to idols.
在圣保罗处理的背景下，他处理的是在哥林多等地被允许吃祭过偶像食物的基督徒。 In the context St. Paul is dealing with, he deals with Christians who are allowed to eat food sacrificed to idols in places like Corinth.
或者你可以想象吃带血的食物。 Or you can imagine eating food with the blood in it.
事实上，基督徒一直都这样做。 In fact, Christians do that all the time.
再次，半生不熟的牛排。 Again, rare steak.
所以你有两件事很明显不是普遍约束性道德法则的一部分。 So you've got two things that are very clearly not part of the universally binding moral law.
然后第三件事是porneia。 And then this third thing is porneia.
那么这里发生了什么？ So what is going on here?
要理解这一点，你不仅需要知道这个希腊词的词源。 Well, to make sense of this, you don't just need to know the etymology of the Greek word.
你需要知道犹太人如何使用这个词。 You need to know how the Jews use the word.
它指的是非法关系，比如违反摩西律法的关系。 And it referred to unlawful relationships, like relationships that were contrary to the Mosaic law.
现在，如果你想很清楚地看到这一点，我建议你查看利未 记17和18章。如果你幸运的话，你可以直接看标题。 Now, if you want to see this very clearly, I'd encourage you to pull up Leviticus 17 and 18. Now, if you're fortunate, you can just see the headers.
在RSV和RSVCE中，利未记17和18章的标题是按这个顺序排列的。 So in the RSV and RSVCE, the headers in Leviticus 17 and 18 go in this order.
宰杀动物，其中谈到你不能吃祭过偶像的食物。 The slaughtering of animals, where it talks about you can't eat food sacrificed to idols.
然后在17章中间，禁止吃血，你不能吃被勒死或充满血的动物，因为这也是被禁止的。 Then halfway through 17, eating blood prohibited, where you can't eat animals that have been strangled or filled with blood in them because that's forbidden as well.
第三，只说性关系。 And then third, just says sexual relations.
所以使徒行传15章所说的，耶路撒冷会议告诉 外邦人的是，他们不在一般的摩西律法之下。 And so what Acts 15 is talking about, what the Council of Jerusalem is telling the Gentiles, is they're not under the general Mosaic law.
但利未记17和18章中有这三条规定，他们仍然被期望遵守。 But there are these three provisions in Leviticus 17 and 18 that they are still expected to keep.
如果我们理解了这一点，我们就会明白Porneia到底是什么。 And if we understand that, we'll understand what Porneia is all about.
所以在利未记17章7节，我们被告知他们不可再献祭给他们行邪淫所随从的鬼魔。 So in Leviticus 17, verse 7, we're told that they shall no more slay their sacrifices for tatters after whom they play the harlot.
这要作他们世世代代永远的定例。 This shall be a statute forever to them throughout their generations.
在第8节，这条禁止祭偶像之物的法律明确适用 于以色列家，也适用于寄居在他们中间的外人。 And in verse 8, this law against food sacrificed to idols is explicitly applied not only to the house of Israel, but also the strangers that sojourn among them.
这是第一条。 That's the first one.
第二，12节，你们都不可吃血；寄居在你们中间的外人也不可吃血。 The second, verse 12, no person among you shall eat blood, neither shall any stranger who sojourns among you eat blood.
现在我提到这一点是为了说明使徒行传15章给出的为什么这三件事可以强加给外邦 信徒的原因之一是，他们已经听过摩西律法，因为它在每个安息日都在各会堂宣读。 Now I'm mentioning this to say one of the reasons in Acts 15 that's given for why these three things can be imposed on the Gentile believers is that they'd already heard the Mosaic law because it's been proclaimed on the Sabbath in every synagogue.
所以如果你是在哥林多或其他地方的希腊人，即使你不在耶路撒冷，你也应该知道犹 太法律在这些方面的规定，因为如果你住在犹太人区，你也被期望遵守这些规定。 So if you were a Greek in Corinth or wherever, even if you weren't in Jerusalem, you should know what the Jewish law is on these points because you were expected, if you were living in a Jewish area, to keep it as well.
摩西律法中有很多只适用于以色列家的规定。 There were plenty of things in the Mosaic law that were only on the house of Israel.
如果你是寄居者，你不被期望遵守那些规定。 And if you were a sojourner, you weren't expected to keep those things.
但在马太福音17和18章中，这些规定不仅适 用于以色列家，也适用于住在他们境内的人。 But in Matthew 17 and 18, these things are applicable not only to the house of Israel, but also to those living within their borders.
所以如果你要住在这个地区，你被期望遵守这些规定。 So if you're going to live in this area, you're expected to follow these things.
我看了两个关于食物的规定。 I looked at the two food ones.
这是为了让你做好准备。 This is to prepare you.
我们正在讲到porneia，因为那是第三个。 We're getting to porneia because that's the third one.
利未记18章6节，你们都不可亲近骨肉之亲的人，露他们的下体。 Leviticus 18, verse 6, none of you shall approach anyone near of kin to him to uncover nakedness.
在这个特定的背景下，porneia主要关注因近亲关系而禁止的婚姻。 The porneia in this particular context focuses on prohibitions against marriage because of close kinship.
所以你不能与父母、子女、孙辈、姑姨、叔伯发生关系。 So you can't have relations with a parent, with a child, with a grandchild, with an aunt, with an uncle.
但有趣的是，你也不能与继母发生关系。 But fascinatingly, you also can't have relations with your stepmom.
利未记18章8节，不可露你继母的下体。 Leviticus 18, verse 8, you shall not uncover the nakedness of your father's wife.
这本是你父亲的下体。 It is your father's nakedness.
这被犹太人描述为porneia。 This is described by the Jews as porneia.
在哥林多前书5章，我们看到圣保罗正在处理这个问题。 In 1 Corinthians 5, we see St. Paul doing just that.
他处理的正是这种情况，并说「风闻在你们中间有淫乱的事。 这样的淫乱连外邦人中也没有，就是有人收了他的继母。」 He deals with exactly this case and says, it is actually reported that there is porneia among you and of a kind that is not tolerated even among pagans for a man has his father's wife.
所以这就是那个例外。 So that's the exception.
有一整个领域的性罪，你不能合法地与那个人结婚。 There's this whole realm of sexual sin of you can't legally be married to that person.
你可以想象一种文化，人们确实与继父母结婚。 You can imagine a culture in which people did get married to their stepparents.
据我所知，在美国这是完全合法的。 As far as I know, it's totally legal here in America.
我没有任何这样的案例，但我认为这实际上是合法的。 I don't have any cases of it, but I think it's actually legal.
这仍然是令人厌恶和错误的。 It's still gross and wrong.
所以这指出了为什么porneia例外实际上不是一个例外。 So this points to why the porneia exception isn't really an exception.
这让我们看到马太、马可、路加和保罗之间的和谐，因为porneia规则的背景 在利未记18章中被非常明确地描述。在第3节，神说「你们从前住的埃及地，那里 人的行为，你们不可效法，我要领你们到的迦南地，那里人的行为也不可效法。」 This leads us to a harmony between Matthew, Mark, Luke, and Paul, because the background for the porneia rules is described very explicitly in Leviticus 18. In verse 3, God says, you shall not do as they do in the land of Egypt, where you dwelt, and you shall not do as they do in the land of Canaan, to which I am bringing you.
你们不可随从他们的风俗。 You shall not walk in their statutes.
所以利未记18章的全部要点是不要遵循外邦人的性道德。 So the whole point of Leviticus 18 is don't follow the sexual morality of the Gentiles.
现在，你明白为什么在使徒行传15章中，外邦人的性道德直接成为问题了吗？ Now, do you see why in Acts 15, the sexual morality of the Gentiles is directly at issue?
是的，你有一套性道德规范。 That, yeah, you've got one set of sexual mores.
如果你要成为基督徒，我们将要你遵循一个更高的标准。 We're going to have to have you follow a higher one if you're going to be a Christian.
特别是，这包括我们如何看待婚姻。 And particularly, this includes how we approach marriage.
我们在哥林多前书5章中也看到了这一点的反映。我们已经听到了那节 经文，但注意保罗说有一种连外邦人中也不容忍的porneia。 And we see this reflected as well in 1 Corinthians 5. We already heard the verse, but notice Paul says that there's a kind of porneia that's not even tolerated among pagans.
所以这并不是说在埃及、希腊或迦南文化中存在性的完全放纵。 So it's not that there is a sexual free-for-all in Egyptian or in Greek or Canaanite culture.
只是他们有较低的性道德标准，而他们被期望有更高的标准。 It's just that they had a lower sexual morality, and they were expected to have a higher one.
现在，这正好解释了问题所在。 Now, this explains exactly what the issue is.
一个来自希腊背景、外邦背景或异教背景的人可能会说，好的，这是我的问题。 Someone who'd come from a Greek background, who'd come from a Gentile background, pagan background, might say, okay, here's my problem.
我现在成为了基督徒，我知道耶稣说我不能离婚再婚。 I've become a Christian now, and I know Jesus says I cannot get divorced and remarried.
但我所娶的女人是一个近亲。 But the woman I'm married to is a close relative.
是一个表亲。 It's a cousin.
是一个姑姨。 It's an aunt.
是什么都有可能。 It's whatever.
我该怎么办？ What do I do?
马太福音中的例外条款说，耶稣关于离婚和再婚的教导并不是要强迫你进入非法婚姻。 And the exception clause in Matthew says, the divorce and remarriage teaching of Jesus is not meant to force you into unlawful marriage.
非法婚姻。 Unlawful marriage.
你不被强迫继续与一个你一开始就不应该结婚的人保持婚姻关系，对吧？ You're not forced to remain married to someone you never should have been married to in the first place, right?
如果你与你的继母结婚，然后你成为了基督徒，你可以离婚再婚。 If you've gotten married to your stepmom, and then you become a Christian, you can divorce and remarry.
事实上，你必须离婚，对吧？ In fact, you have to get divorced, right?
你不能继续保持那种关系，因为那种关系不是神将你们二人结合在一起。 You can't just continue in that relationship, because that relationship isn't God joining the two of you together.
这是淫乱。 It is fornication.
你是未婚的，因为这里有一个区别。 You are unmarried, because here's a distinction.
奸淫是指一个或多个人与他人已婚的性行为。 Adultery is sex in which one or more of the persons is married to someone else.
淫乱是指你未婚时的性行为。 Fornication is when you're not married.
因此，在将一类婚姻描述为porneia时，犹太人是在说这些希腊婚姻不是婚姻。 And so, in describing one category of marriages as porneia, the Jews were calling these Greek marriages not marriage.
他们称之为卖淫，而不是真正的婚姻。 They're calling it harlotry, not real marriage.
所以，我问，你能想象今天会有这样的情况吗？ So, I ask, could you imagine such a case today?
好吧，假设你有一个处于民事同性婚姻中的人，然后他们 皈依了，他们说，我知道在基督教中我不应该离婚再婚。 Well, let's say you've got someone who's in a civil, same-sex marriage, and then they convert, and they say, I know I'm not supposed to get divorced and remarried in Christianity.
这是奸淫。 It's adultery.
我应该继续和这个同性在一起吗？ Should I stay with this person of the same sex?
如果你问那18%知道离婚和再婚从不被允许的浸信会牧师，在这种情况 下神是否会希望他们离婚再婚，我敢打赌100%的人会说，是的，这不 是我们说离婚和再婚从不被允许时的意思，因为这从一开始就不是婚姻。 If you asked those 18% of Baptist pastors who know that divorce and remarriage is never allowed, if God would want them to get divorced and remarried in this case, I bet 100% of them would say, yeah, this is not what we mean when we say divorce and remarriage is never allowed, because this was never a marriage in the first place.
这触及了以色列的性道德为什么与外邦人、埃及人或迦南人的性道德不同的核心。 This gets to the heart of why the sexual morality of Israel was different than the sexual morality of the Gentiles or of the Egyptians or the Canaanites.
这不仅仅是因为神这么说，因为神这么说是有原因的。 And it's not just God said so, because there's a reason God said so.
这将把我们带回到我们开始的地方。 It's going to lead us right back to where we began.
在利未记18:8，我们看到你不能与你的继母，你父亲的妻子同寝。 In Leviticus 18.8, we saw that you couldn't sleep with your stepmother, your father's wife.
它说为什么？ And it says why?
这本是你父亲的下体。 It is your father's nakedness.
这是什么意思？ What does that mean?
这意味着你的父亲与这个女人结婚或曾经结婚。 What means your father is married to this woman or was married to this woman.
二人成为一体。 The two have become one flesh.
所以与她发生关系就像与你自己的父亲发生关系，因为二人是一体的。 And so to have relations with her would be like having relations with your own father, because the two are one flesh.
埃及人和迦南人没有这种概念，因为他们不相信二人成为一体。 The Egyptians and the Canaanites have no concept of this because they don't believe the two become one.
但作为犹太人和基督徒，如果你认真对待二人成为一体的观念， 那么你就能明白为什么这会使某些婚姻无效，比如与姻亲结婚。 But as Jews and as Christians, if you take seriously the idea of the two become one flesh, then you can see why that's going to invalidate certain marriages like marrying an in-law.
现在，如何解释这一点在整个基督教历史上一直存在争议。 Now, how one interprets that has been controversial throughout Christian history.
姻亲关系过去要严格得多，比如说，你的兄弟娶了一个女人。 Can-in-law used to be much more restrictive for, let's say, your brother married a woman.
你不能娶你的嫂子，尽管你们都不是血亲。 You couldn't marry your sister-in-law, even though neither of your blood relatives at all.
这在某种程度上遵循了利未记中的porneia系统。 That was kind of following the porneia system in Leviticus.
现在，这种情况不再发生了。 Now, that no longer happens.
但重点是存在一整类无效婚姻。 But the point there is there was an entire category of invalid marriages.
它们之所以无效，是因为我们相信神没有将你与那个人结合。 And they're invalid because we believe God didn't join you to that other person.
现在，为什么他没有将你与那个人结合？ Now, why didn't he join you to that other person?
也许是因为他们已经与其他人结合，也许是出于其他原因。 Maybe because they were already joined to somebody else, maybe for whatever other reason.
这里的重点是，尽管利未记18章的特定背景是关于因乱伦或近亲关系而导 致的porneia，但从更广泛的意义上说，它只是指违反法律的婚姻。 The point here is that porneia, although the particular context of Leviticus 18 is about porneia because of incest or close family relations, in a broader sense, it just means a marriage that's contrary to the law.
所以，回到马可福音第10章第9节。耶稣说，神配合的。 So, go back to Mark chapter 10, verse 9. Jesus says, what therefore God has joined together.
然后，再次，翻译是「人不可分开」，但实际上是你被禁止分开。 And then, again, the translation is, let not man put asunder, but it's really like you're prohibited from putting asunder.
我们甚至可以进一步说，这是不可能分开的。 And we could even go beyond that and say it's impossible to put it asunder.
你不能撤销神所做的。 You can't undo what God has done.
你不比神强大。 You're not stronger than God.
所以，我们只剩下一个问题。 And so, we're left with exactly one question.
如果你处于复杂的婚姻状况，问题是，神是否将你和你的配偶或其他人结合在一起？ If you're in a complicated marital situation, the question is, well, did God join you and your spouse or whoever together?
神是否结合了那个联合？ Did God join that union?
他是否创造了那个联合？ Did he make that union?
或者这是一种未婚的性关系？ Or is it an unmarried sexual relationship?
因为如果你们没有有效地结婚，那就是porneia。 Because if you're not validly married to one another, then it's porneia.
如果你们有效地结婚了，那么就不可能离婚再婚。 If you are validly married to each other, then it's impossible to get divorced and remarried.
所以，一旦你这样理解，你就会意识到马太福音中的例外条款实际上根本不是例外，因为 它在说，是的，关于离婚和再婚的教导不适用于未婚的人，而来自外邦背景的人甚至不会 以同样的方式提出这个问题，因为整个porneia系统是一种非常犹太的婚姻理解。 So, once you understand it that way, you realize that the exception clause in Matthew is not really an exception at all, because it's saying, yeah, the teaching on divorce and remarriage doesn't apply to people who aren't married, which someone who is coming from a Gentile background is not going to be even asking that question in the same way because the whole porneia system is a very Jewish understanding of marriage.
所以，这希望解释了为什么你在马太福音中找到它，因为马太知道他的 犹太读者更有可能问，那些复杂的porneia法律案例怎么办？ So, this hopefully explains why you find it in Matthew, because Matthew knows his readers who are Jewish are going to be more likely to ask, what about these complicated legal cases of porneia?
他在那里的观点，包括这个条款，是它不适用于那些情况，再次，我认为其他人都 可以理所当然地认为，当我们说不允许离婚和再婚时，我们指的是有效的婚姻。 And his point there, including this clause, is it doesn't apply to those, which again, everybody else I think can just take that for granted, that when we say divorce and remarriage is not permitted, we mean when there's a valid marriage.
我们不是指没有有效婚姻的情况。 We don't mean when there's not a valid marriage.
所以，如果你用枪逼迫某人与你结婚，那不是有效的婚姻。 So, if you've forced someone at gunpoint to marry you, that's not a valid marriage.
他们没有义务坚持和你在一起。 They're not bound to stick it out with you.
神没有将你们二人结合在一起。 God didn't join the two of you together.
你试图用枪逼迫，对吧？ You tried to at gunpoint, right?
这些不是有效的婚姻，因此，你可以自由地「再 婚」，因为你实际上只是自由地第一次结婚。 Those things are not valid marriages, and therefore, you are free to get remarried in quotation marks because you're really just free to get married for the first time.
顺便说一下，这解释了天主教实践中非常有争议的部分， 这对许多新教徒来说非常困惑，那就是婚姻无效的概念。 This, by the way, explains this very controversial part of Catholic practice that's very confusing to many Protestants, the idea of an annulment.
婚姻无效不是一个声明。 An annulment is not a declaration.
这里曾经有一个婚姻，现在没有了。婚姻无效是 教会试图回答这个问题：是否存在有效的婚姻？ There used to be a marriage here, and now there isn't. An annulment is a church trying to answer the question, is there a valid marriage?
神是否将他们二人结合在一起？ Has God joined the two of them together?
因为如果是这样，我们就无能为力。 Because if so, there's nothing we can do about it.
或者是否有人类试图结合在一起，但由于各种原因没有得到神的认可？ Or was there a human attempt at coming together that wasn't sanctioned by God for a variety of reasons?
这个人在心理上无能力或受到胁迫，或者他们是同性，或者他们有亲属 关系，或者其中一人已经结婚，或者任何其他可能使婚姻无效的原因。 The person was psychologically incapacitated or under duress, or they're the same sex, or they're related, or one of them's already married, or any of these other reasons that could invalidate a marriage.
因此，在《教理问答》第1629段中，它解释了什么是婚姻无 效，什么不是，如果你有使婚姻无效的理由，教会在由主管教会 法庭审查情况后，可以宣布婚姻无效，即婚姻从未存在过。 And so, in the Catechism, in paragraph 1629, it explains what an annulment is and isn't, that if you have a reason that renders the marriage null and void, the church, after an examination of the situation by the competent ecclesiastical tribunal, can declare the nullity of a marriage, i.e. that the marriage never existed.
所以，婚姻无效不是说它曾经是好的，现在不好了。 So, an annulment is not, it was good and now it's not.
它从一开始就不存在。 It never existed in the first place.
当然，在这种情况下，你可以自由结婚，前提是履行了前一个结合的任何自然义务。 And of course, in that case, you are free to get married, provided any natural obligations of a previous union are discharged.
你可能处于需要照顾你与这个人所生的孩子的情况。 You may be in a situation where you need to take care of children you have with this person.
所以，那可能是一个更复杂的情况，但如果神没有将你们二 人结合在一起，你就没有某种婚姻联合，即使国家说你有。 And so, it might be a more complicated situation there, but you don't have some kind of marital union with them if God didn't join the two of you together, even if the state says you do.
这就是婚姻无效在问的问题。 That's what an annulment is asking.
所以，这就是它的不同之处。 And so, that's how it differs.
所以，凯撒可以说两个人在一起。 So, Caesar can say two people are together.
这不是我们在问的问题。 That is not the question we're asking about.
问题是，神是否将你们二人结合在一起？ The question is, did God join the two of you together?
现在，我提出这个激进的教导，因为我认为这样做是至关重要的。 Now, I present this radical teaching because I think it's vital that we do so.
耶稣认为我们这样做很重要。 Jesus thought it was important that we do so.
看到许多基督徒的离婚率几乎与其他人一样高，这令人沮丧，部分 原因是有些传教士不断淡化、弱化、歪曲和否认耶稣所说的话。 And it's discouraging to see many Christians divorcing at very nearly the same rate as everybody else, partly because you've got preachers who are constantly downplaying, watering down, distorting, and denying what Jesus has said.
但我想以几点来结束。 But I want to close with a couple of things.
第一，对那些已经离婚或分居的人说几句话，因为这里的方法并不特别具有牧养性质。 Number one, kind of a word to those who are already divorced or separated, because this is not a particularly pastoral kind of approach here.
我只是告诉你耶稣所说的真理，但我知道婚姻情况可能很复杂。 I'm just telling you the truth about what Jesus said, but I know marital situations can be complicated.
所以，几点说明。 So, a few things.
第一，正如教会法承认的，当你的心理或身体健康受到严重威胁时，可能有正当理由。 Number one, as canon law acknowledges, there can be valid reasons where your mental or physical health are seriously in danger.
在这些情况下，你可能需要离开。 And in those cases, you might need to leave.
你可能需要分居。 You might need to separate.
你甚至可能需要民事离婚来保护你自己、你的孩子和家庭的整体福祉。 You might even need to get a civil divorce for the protection of you, your kids, family well-being in general.
这是可能的。 That is possible.
这并不是在撤销神所做的。 That is not undoing what God has done.
这可能是在撤销凯撒所做的，对吧？ That might be undoing what Caesar has done, right?
你可能在人类法律创造的结合中制造一个法律上的分离。 You might be creating a legal separation where the human law had created a union.
但在这种情况下，你并没有分离神所创造的纽带。 But in that, you're not separating the bond that God has created.
只要你知道这一点，并且知道你在做什么和不在做 什么，可能会有理由认为这是适当的行动方案。 And as long as you know that and know what you are and aren't doing, there may be grounds where that's the appropriate course of action.
第二，这可能并不总是，也许是一个迹象，表明一开始就没有结合。 And second, that maybe isn't always, maybe a sign that there was never a union in the first place.
如果你所嫁娶的人，你知道，是虐待和控制的，通常情况下他们在之前就是 虐待和控制的，以至于你可能没有像应该的那样自由地在婚姻中说yes。 If the person you're married to is, you know, abusive and controlling, it often happens they were abusive and controlling beforehand in such a way that you may not have been as free as you should have been to say yes in marriage.
婚姻案例是复杂的。 Marital cases are complicated.
所以，我只想说，耶稣的教导是相当激进的，如果你有效地 结婚了，你就要终身在其中，直到你们中的一个人去世。 So, I just want to say that, like, Jesus' teaching is quite radical, that if you're validly married, you are in it for life until one of you dies.
你不能离婚再婚。 You cannot get divorced and remarried.
耶稣并没有在那里解决这个通常更复杂的问题：我怎么知道我是否有效地结婚了？ Jesus is not there settling the often more complicated question of, how do I know if I'm validly married?
对我们许多人来说，这可能非常清楚。 For many of us, this can be very clear.
我们是有效结婚的。 We are validly married.
其他人发现自己处于复杂、混乱的情况中，也许特别是如果你在自己的故事中有一个转变。 Other people have found themselves in complicated, messy situations, maybe especially if you have, like, a conversion in your own story.
这种情况确实发生。 It happens.
这些事情是困难的。 Those things are difficult.
第二个可能更具牧养性的建议。 The second piece of maybe more pastoral advice.
在哥林多前书7章，圣保罗说，我吩咐那已经嫁娶的，其实不是我吩咐，乃是主吩咐。 In 1 Corinthians 7, St. Paul says, to the married I give charge, not I, but the Lord.
所以，这是来自神的，妻子不可离开丈夫，即使离开了， 不可再嫁，或是仍同丈夫和好。丈夫也不可离弃妻子。 So, this is from God, that the wife should not separate from her husband, but if she does, let her remain single or else be reconciled to her husband, and that the husband should not divorce his wife.
所以，如果因为其他原因你发现自己分居了，甚至离婚了，那里 的希腊词就可以意味着离婚，那么圣保罗说，你有两个选择。 So, if for some other reason you found yourself separated, found yourself even divorced, the Greek word there just can mean divorced, then St. Paul says, you've got two options.
你可以试图恢复原来的婚姻，或者你可以保持单身。 You can either try to restore the original marriage, or you can stay single.
这很清楚，对吧？ And that's pretty clear, right?
他没有说，好吧，既然你已经与丈夫分居，所以他是被遗弃的一方，因此他可以离婚再婚。 He doesn't say, well, since you've separated from your husband, therefore he's an abandoned party, and therefore he can divorce and remarry.
这些都不存在。 None of that exists.
这些都不是真的。 None of that's true.
他不是这么说的。 That's not what he says.
他在第16节也解释了原因。他说，你这作妻子的，怎么知道不能救你的丈夫呢？ And he explains why as well in verse 16. He says, wife, how do you know whether you will save your husband?
你这作丈夫的，怎么知道不能救你的妻子呢？ Husband, how do you know whether you will save your wife?
因为我认为人们经常听到这个就会说，作为基督徒，你们到底在说什么？ Because I think people can often hear this and say, what in the world are you guys talking about as Christians?
你必须在自己的心里保持与可能已经移情别恋的人的婚姻关系？ You've got to stay married in your own mind to someone who maybe has already moved on to somebody else?
答案是，是的，你必须这样做。 And the answer is, yeah, you do.
就像你知道的，也许你的孩子已经与你断绝关系，声称他们有另一对父母。 In the same way that, you know, maybe your kids have disowned you and claim that they've got another set of parents.
他们真的很喜欢他们朋友的父母，并说，这些才是我真正的爸爸妈妈。 They really like their friends, mom and dad, and they say, these are my real mom and dad.
现实是他们仍然是你的孩子。 The reality is they're still your kids.
那是一种永远无法解除的家庭关系，不管你多么辜负了 他们，或者他们多么辜负了你，或者其他任何情况。 That's a family relationship that can never be undone, no matter how much you failed them or they failed you or whatever.
你仍然对他们有义务。 And you still have an obligation to them.
这种义务可能仅仅是为他们祷告，但那里存在一种纽带，那是神赐予的，不能被摧毁。 That obligation might simply be praying for them, but there's a bond there that existed, that's God given and can't be destroyed.
嗯，就像父母-子女的纽带一样，夫妻的纽带也不能被轻易摧毁。 Well, just like the parent-child bond, the husband and wife bond can't just be destroyed.
它只能被一件事解除，那就是死亡。 It's dissolved by one thing only, death.
所以，也许另一个人已经离开，过着完全不同的生活。 And so, maybe the other person has run off and they're living a totally different life.
他们在某处有了另一个家庭。 They've got another family somewhere.
也许这只意味着你在为他们祷告。 Maybe that just means that you're praying for them.
但你与他们有某种关系，你通过不建立第二段婚姻来尊重这种关系，对吧？ But you have some sort of relationship to them that you're honoring by not creating a second marriage, right?
因为你们二人已经成为一体。 Because the two of you have become one flesh.
我知道这是一个艰难的教导。 I know that's a hard teaching.
我也认识一些人，他们活出了这种生活，在追求这条道路上有很大的圣洁。 I've also known people who've lived it and that there's a great holiness in pursuing that path.
所以，我只是给出这个作为鼓励。 So, I give that just as encouragement.
下周，我想稍微转变一下话题，说，好的，耶稣对教会有一些真 正令人震惊的话要说，对婚姻也有一些真正令人震惊的话要说。 Next week, I want to shift ever so slightly and say, okay, Jesus has some really shocking things to say about the church and really shocking things to say about marriage.
我不知道你是否注意到，但很频繁地，当你看到关 于一个的对话时，结果却是关于另一个的对话。 And I don't know if you've ever noticed this, but quite frequently, when you see a conversation about one, it turns out to be a conversation about the other.
我觉得这很有趣，我想和你一起探讨。 And I find this fascinating and I want to explore it with you.
所以，我希望你会回来听听，看看耶稣关于婚姻的激 进教导和他关于教会的激进教导之间有什么联系。 So, I hope you'll come back and listen to see what's this connection between Jesus's radical teaching on marriage and his radical teaching about the church.
我是乔·赫什迈尔，这里是无耻教皇党。 For Shameless Potpourri, I'm Joe Heschmeyer.
愿神祝福你。 God bless you.