- start: 6.118
  end: 17.601
  speaker: SPEAKER_03
  en: Our speaker this evening was ordained to the Holy Priesthood on May 12, 1984, and received a Master's of Arts degree in Sacred Theology, Summa Cum Laude, the same year.
  zh: 今晚的讲员于1984年5月12日被按立为圣职，同年以最优异成绩获得神学硕士学位。
- start: 18.581
  end: 27.183
  speaker: SPEAKER_03
  en: In 1992, Father William P. Saunders received a Doctor of Philosophy in Education and Administration from Catholic University of America.
  zh: 1992年，威廉·桑德斯神父在美国天主教大学获得教育与行政哲学博士学位。
- start: 27.783
  end: 44.844
  speaker: SPEAKER_03
  en: He has served as president and dean of Notre Dame Graduate School of Christendom College and pastor at Queen of Apostles Catholic Church in Alexandria, Virginia, until 2000 when he was appointed as the founding pastor of Our Lady of Hope Catholic Church in Potomac Falls, Virginia.
  zh: 他曾任基督国度学院圣母研究生院院长，并在弗吉尼亚州亚历山大的使徒之后天主教堂担任牧师，直到2000年被任命为弗吉尼亚州波托马克瀑布希望之后天主教堂的创始牧师。
- start: 45.365
  end: 54.667
  speaker: SPEAKER_03
  en: Besides offering a number of great presentations at the Institute of Catholic Culture, we do have at least one pinch of incense in the CD rack that you could pick up afterwards.
  zh: 除了在天主教文化研究所提供多次精彩讲座外，我们在CD架上还有他的讲道录音，您可以在会后领取。
- start: 54.947
  end: 63.108
  speaker: SPEAKER_03
  en: He is also a member of the ICC Advisory Board and a close friend of the Institute, a strong supporter since the very beginning.
  zh: 他还是ICC顾问委员会的成员，是研究所的亲密朋友，从一开始就大力支持。
- start: 63.108
  end: 66.229
  speaker: SPEAKER_03
  en: So please join me in welcoming Father Saunders.
  zh: 请和我一起欢迎桑德斯神父。
- start: 67.009
  end: 67.869
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Thank you.
  zh: 谢谢。
- start: 68.149
  end: 68.67
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Thank you.
  zh: 谢谢。
- start: 68.67
  end: 69.87
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Very good.
  zh: 很好。
- start: 71.15
  end: 75.335
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, let's begin with a prayer in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
  zh: 那么，让我们奉圣父、圣子、圣灵的名开始祷告。
- start: 75.335
  end: 76.115
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Amen.
  zh: 阿们。
- start: 77.237
  end: 106.862
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Heavenly Father, as we meditate on the teachings of the Council of Ephesus and the great work especially of Pope St. Celestine and also St. Alexander, St. Cyril, and so many others, may we always be mindful of the gift of our Savior Jesus Christ, whom you sent into this world to perfectly reveal your truth and love and to suffer, die, and rise for our salvation.
  zh: 天父，当我们默想以弗所会议的教导，特别是圣教宗刻肋斯定，以及圣亚历山大、圣区利罗和许多其他人的伟大工作时，愿我们常常记念你所赐的救主耶稣基督，你差他到这世上，完美地显明你的真理和爱，为我们的救恩受苦、受死并复活。
- start: 106.982
  end: 117.609
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: May we also remember the great gift of our Blessed Mother Mary, the Holy Virgin, who, free of all sin, gave of herself for your plan of salvation.
  zh: 愿我们也记念蒙福的圣母马利亚，这位圣洁的童贞女，她无罪地将自己献给你的救恩计划。
- start: 117.73
  end: 120.892
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: We ask all of this through Christ our Lord.
  zh: 我们奉主基督的名求。
- start: 120.952
  end: 121.872
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Amen.
  zh: 阿们。
- start: 122.113
  end: 125.775
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee.
  zh: 万福马利亚，你充满恩典，主与你同在。
- start: 125.775
  end: 130.778
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus.
  zh: 你在妇女中受祝福，你所生的耶稣也受祝福。
- start: 130.879
  end: 136.302
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death.
  zh: 神的母亲圣马利亚，求你现在和我们临终时为我们罪人祈求。
- start: 136.302
  end: 137.122
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Amen.
  zh: 阿们。
- start: 137.183
  end: 139.164
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Our Lady of Hope, pray for us.
  zh: 希望之后，求你为我们祈求。
- start: 139.164
  end: 141.886
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And Father, Son, Holy Spirit, Amen.
  zh: 奉圣父、圣子、圣灵的名，阿们。
- start: 142.927
  end: 155.817
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So I was asked to talk about the Council of Ephesus and the official title, Mary, Mother of God, which to some extent we as Catholics sort of take for granted.
  zh: 我受邀谈论以弗所会议和正式的称号「神的母亲马利亚」，我们天主教徒在某种程度上对此有些习以为常。
- start: 156.058
  end: 165.385
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But I remember back when I was in the seminary, so this goes back to the early 80s, some of my classmates from Philadelphia came down to visit.
  zh: 但我记得在我还在神学院的时候，大约是80年代初，我的一些费城同学来访。
- start: 165.385
  end: 167.207
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They were going through Washington.
  zh: 他们途经华盛顿。
- start: 167.387
  end: 171.969
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: I wanted to show them old St. Patrick's Church, which is up near the FBI building.
  zh: 我想带他们参观老圣帕特里克教堂，它在FBI大楼附近。
- start: 171.969
  end: 173.489
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It was on G Street.
  zh: 在G街上。
- start: 173.489
  end: 174.069
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It still is there.
  zh: 它至今仍在。
- start: 174.069
  end: 178.351
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It's one of the oldest Catholic churches in Washington, just right up from Ford's Theater.
  zh: 这是华盛顿最古老的天主教堂之一，就在福特剧院附近。
- start: 178.411
  end: 190.315
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So we go in, and I noticed in the little vestibule before you go into the church was written on the wall in pencil, "Catholics, God has no mother."
  zh: 我们进去时，我注意到在进入教堂前的小前厅里，有人用铅笔在墙上写着：「天主教徒，神没有母亲。」
- start: 190.315
  end: 195.699
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: No. Well, that's awful that somebody would write on a church wall, for one thing.
  zh: 不。首先，在教堂墙上写字是很糟糕的。
- start: 195.699
  end: 201.524
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But then I thought, obviously the person doesn't understand the title, Mother of God.
  zh: 但我想，很明显这个人不理解「神的母亲」这个称号。
- start: 201.885
  end: 202.685
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And that's the key.
  zh: 这就是关键。
- start: 202.685
  end: 212.433
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Many people, if they really don't understand the Trinity, and they don't understand the mystery of the Incarnation, they're not going to understand that title, Mother of God.
  zh: 许多人如果不真正理解三位一体，也不理解道成肉身的奥秘，就不会理解「神的母亲」这个称号。
- start: 212.834
  end: 216.035
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So this was the problem that we faced in the early church.
  zh: 这就是早期教会面临的问题。
- start: 216.116
  end: 222.559
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, before we actually move into the council, we have to set our stage because that's very important.
  zh: 现在，在我们进入会议之前，我们必须设定背景，因为这非常重要。
- start: 223.6
  end: 225.22
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, set the stage.
  zh: 所以，设定背景。
- start: 225.441
  end: 231.243
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The time of the early church we know is the time of persecution.
  zh: 我们知道早期教会的时代是受逼迫的时代。
- start: 231.424
  end: 243.17
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And Diocletian, the emperor who ruled until 305 officially before abdicating, waged the last, the final, but also the worst of all the persecutions.
  zh: 皇帝戴克里先统治到305年正式退位，他发动了最后也是最严重的一次逼迫。
- start: 243.31
  end: 247.452
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: When he abdicated, he set in place this, what he called a tetrarchy.
  zh: 他退位时，设立了所谓的四帝共治。
- start: 247.452
  end: 250.573
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, you really had two now emperors.
  zh: 所以，实际上有两个皇帝。
- start: 250.573
  end: 257.817
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: There was one in the east, located in the city of Byzantium, which later becomes Constantinople.
  zh: 东部有一个皇帝，位于拜占庭城，后来成为君士坦丁堡。
- start: 257.817
  end: 260.478
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Today, it is unfortunately called Istanbul.
  zh: 今天，不幸地被称为伊斯坦布尔。
- start: 260.638
  end: 263.019
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And then there's the emperor in Rome.
  zh: 然后是罗马的皇帝。
- start: 263.22
  end: 266.221
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Each one had a helper called a Caesar.
  zh: 每位皇帝都有一个助手，称为凯撒。
- start: 266.221
  end: 268.202
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, that's the way it's set up.
  zh: 这就是当时的安排。
- start: 268.422
  end: 271.603
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Well, in the year 312, there's a power play.
  zh: 到了312年，出现了权力斗争。
- start: 271.663
  end: 275.264
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Who is going to succeed, especially in the West?
  zh: 谁将继位，特别是在西部？
- start: 275.405
  end: 283.608
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Well, Constantine, who's serving in England, is elected by his troops to become the emperor.
  zh: 当时在英格兰服役的君士坦丁被他的军队推选为皇帝。
- start: 283.988
  end: 291.814
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, Maxentius wants to take the throne because his father, Maximian, had been the emperor.
  zh: 而马克森提乌斯想要夺取王位，因为他的父亲马克西米安曾是皇帝。
- start: 291.894
  end: 293.875
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, there's this clash.
  zh: 于是发生了冲突。
- start: 294.016
  end: 305.885
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Constantine moves down from England, crosses through Gaul over the Alps into Italy, and there, outside of Rome at the Battle of Milvian Bridge in 312, they have a clash.
  zh: 君士坦丁从英格兰南下，穿过高卢，越过阿尔卑斯山进入意大利，在312年罗马城外的米尔维安桥战役中，他们发生了冲突。
- start: 305.885
  end: 307.426
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Constantine wins.
  zh: 君士坦丁获胜。
- start: 307.426
  end: 308.947
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He becomes the emperor.
  zh: 他成为皇帝。
- start: 309.207
  end: 315.451
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The good part of this is that in the year 313, Constantine legalizes Christianity.
  zh: 好的一面是，313年君士坦丁将基督教合法化。
- start: 315.852
  end: 317.793
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So this doesn't mean it's the state religion.
  zh: 这并不意味着它成为国教。
- start: 317.793
  end: 319.314
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It means that he's legalized it.
  zh: 这意味着他使其合法化。
- start: 319.314
  end: 325.458
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So now we can come out of the catacombs, out of the homes, and have a public church.
  zh: 所以我们现在可以走出地下墓穴，走出家中，建立公开的教会。
- start: 325.538
  end: 327.779
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So that's something that's very good.
  zh: 这是一件非常好的事情。
- start: 327.9
  end: 333.103
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now the second part is that we still have two capitals going on here.
  zh: 第二点是，我们仍然有两个首都。
- start: 333.163
  end: 334.744
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The capital in the west is Rome.
  zh: 西部的首都是罗马。
- start: 334.744
  end: 339.067
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The capital in the east will become now Constantinople.
  zh: 东部的首都将成为君士坦丁堡。
- start: 339.467
  end: 356.092
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So with that, as time goes on, by the end of the 300s, especially during the time of Emperor Theodosius I, who was a friend of St. Ambrose of Milan, Christianity now does become more the official religion of the empire.
  zh: 随着时间的推移，到300年代末，特别是在狄奥多西一世皇帝时期，他是米兰的圣安布罗斯的朋友，基督教确实成为帝国的官方宗教。
- start: 356.413
  end: 365.918
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So much so that one cannot serve in public office, or like a senatorial role or anything like that unless you are a Christian.
  zh: 以至于除非你是基督徒，否则不能担任公职，或参议员等职务。
- start: 365.978
  end: 374.785
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Pagan practices, so public pagan practices, pagan sacrifices are now outlawed.
  zh: 异教活动，特别是公开的异教活动和祭祀现在被禁止。
- start: 374.805
  end: 379.609
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Many of the old pagan temples are turned into Catholic churches.
  zh: 许多旧的异教庙宇被改为教堂。
- start: 379.69
  end: 382.313
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So this is what has happened in the Empire.
  zh: 这就是帝国中发生的变化。
- start: 382.313
  end: 386.417
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So that's the first thing to sort of remember the dynamics going on.
  zh: 这是我们要记住的第一个动态。
- start: 386.538
  end: 397.51
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The second thing to remember is that by the late 300s, by about the year 370 in the West, the barbarians are coming down.
  zh: 第二点要记住的是，到300年代末，大约370年时，西部的蛮族开始南下。
- start: 397.731
  end: 402.353
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And that changes the dynamics of the western side of the Roman Empire.
  zh: 这改变了罗马帝国西部的局势。
- start: 402.454
  end: 406.516
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, for instance, first of all, the Visigoths come down.
  zh: 例如，首先是西哥特人南下。
- start: 406.516
  end: 408.737
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They ravage the Roman Empire.
  zh: 他们蹂躏罗马帝国。
- start: 408.737
  end: 411.119
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They take over the Balkan Peninsula.
  zh: 他们占领了巴尔干半岛。
- start: 411.119
  end: 414.52
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Then we have the Burgundians crossing the upper Rhine.
  zh: 然后是勃艮第人越过上莱茵河。
- start: 414.52
  end: 416.462
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They move over into Gaul.
  zh: 他们进入高卢。
- start: 416.462
  end: 419.343
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Then there are the Franks that cross the lower Rhine.
  zh: 然后是法兰克人越过下莱茵河。
- start: 419.343
  end: 421.604
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They move into parts of Gaul, too.
  zh: 他们也进入高卢的部分地区。
- start: 421.604
  end: 423.806
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Gaul is now France, okay?
  zh: 高卢就是现在的法国，明白吗？
- start: 423.806
  end: 426.268
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Franks, France, we have the picture.
  zh: 法兰克人，法国，我们明白了。
- start: 426.268
  end: 429.87
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The Visigoths come from Poland and eastern Germany.
  zh: 西哥特人来自波兰和德国东部。
- start: 429.87
  end: 436.775
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They move right across into Spain, and by 430, they're crossing through the north of Africa.
  zh: 他们直接进入西班牙，到430年，他们穿过非洲北部。
- start: 436.996
  end: 443.44
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Poor St. Augustine's on his deathbed, and the Vandals are outside the city of Hippo attacking the city.
  zh: 可怜的圣奥古斯丁在临终时，汪达尔人正在城外攻击希波城。
- start: 443.601
  end: 450.265
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So what happens here is that the western side of the old empire is really deteriorating.
  zh: 所以，旧帝国的西部确实在衰退。
- start: 450.706
  end: 456.088
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It's not as popular or prominent now as the eastern side of the empire.
  zh: 它现在不如帝国的东部那样兴盛和显赫。
- start: 456.128
  end: 459.229
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Constantinople is still a fortified city.
  zh: 君士坦丁堡仍然是一座坚固的城市。
- start: 459.229
  end: 463.211
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It's still able to protect itself, and we go on from there.
  zh: 它仍能自保，我们从这里继续。
- start: 463.211
  end: 475.455
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, the problem here, and this is just more of a political problem, one has to think, well, here's the pope, bishop of Rome in the west, and the west has deteriorated.
  zh: 现在的问题，更像是政治问题。我们要想，西部的罗马主教，即教宗，而西部已经衰退。
- start: 475.835
  end: 479.817
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The patriarch of Constantinople is in the east.
  zh: 君士坦丁堡的牧首在东部。
- start: 480.117
  end: 481.799
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And the East still stands.
  zh: 而东部仍然屹立。
- start: 481.799
  end: 485.882
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The patriarch starts thinking, you know, I ought to be the head of the Church.
  zh: 牧首开始想，我应该成为教会的首领。
- start: 486.603
  end: 493.249
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: I have more power, more prestige, and this old guy in Rome, he's got a deteriorating empire.
  zh: 我有更多的权力和声望，而罗马的这个老家伙，他的帝国在衰退。
- start: 493.269
  end: 496.972
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: A real power struggle begins to occur.
  zh: 真正的权力斗争开始发生。
- start: 497.073
  end: 508.583
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But beyond that, in the East, you have three or two other prominent patriarchs that are offended by the patriarch of Constantinople.
  zh: 但除此之外，在东部，还有两三个显赫的牧首对君士坦丁堡牧首感到不满。
- start: 508.704
  end: 511.046
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: First, the patriarch of Alexandria.
  zh: 首先是亚历山大的牧首。
- start: 511.106
  end: 513.348
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He is the successor of St. Mark.
  zh: 他是圣马可的继承人。
- start: 513.629
  end: 522.537
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And then you have the patriarch of Antioch, who is the successor of St. Peter, because St. Peter was the first bishop of Antioch.
  zh: 然后是安提阿的牧首，他是圣彼得的继承人，因为圣彼得是安提阿的第一任主教。
- start: 522.618
  end: 524.78
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And then you have this guy, Constantinople.
  zh: 然后是君士坦丁堡的牧首。
- start: 524.78
  end: 525.84
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Well, who's he?
  zh: 他是谁呢？
- start: 526.201
  end: 528.843
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: No apostle founded Constantinople.
  zh: 没有使徒建立君士坦丁堡。
- start: 528.843
  end: 530.604
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It's a political position.
  zh: 这是一个政治职位。
- start: 530.605
  end: 538.891
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So even within the East, there's this political struggle, in a sense, as to who has the real authority here.
  zh: 所以即使在东部，也有这种政治斗争，关于谁拥有真正的权威。
- start: 538.991
  end: 547.538
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But always keep in mind, even by this time, without question, the Bishop of Rome is the successor of St. Peter.
  zh: 但要始终记住，即使在这个时候，罗马主教无疑是圣彼得的继承人。
- start: 547.598
  end: 551.101
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And he's recognized as having that authority.
  zh: 他被公认为拥有那权威。
- start: 551.242
  end: 556.446
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, that brings us to another point, and that is the mystery of Christ.
  zh: 现在，这引出另一个问题，就是基督的奥秘。
- start: 556.587
  end: 569.058
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Well, now that the Church has come out of the catacombs, out of the homes, the Church can come together publicly and deal with issues that have caused problems.
  zh: 既然教会已经走出地下墓穴，走出家庭，教会就可以公开聚集，处理那些引起问题的议题。
- start: 569.079
  end: 571.761
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And this deals with who Jesus is.
  zh: 这涉及耶稣是谁的问题。
- start: 571.761
  end: 577.525
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, of course, we have what we call our sacred scriptures.
  zh: 当然，我们有我们称为圣经的经卷。
- start: 577.626
  end: 579.888
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: We have our Gospels and so on.
  zh: 我们有福音书等等。
- start: 579.888
  end: 588.634
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So they knew, as Matthew and Luke record especially, that Mary was full of grace.
  zh: 所以他们知道，正如马太和路加特别记载的，马利亚充满恩典。
- start: 588.755
  end: 592.018
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: She received the message of the archangel Gabriel.
  zh: 她接受了天使加百列的报信。
- start: 592.018
  end: 594.46
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: She conceived by the Holy Spirit.
  zh: 她因圣灵感孕。
- start: 594.46
  end: 598.462
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And through her, Jesus Christ entered this world.
  zh: 通过她，耶稣基督进入了这个世界。
- start: 598.923
  end: 600.103
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: We believe that.
  zh: 我们相信这一点。
- start: 600.103
  end: 603.485
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And then St. John takes it a little bit further.
  zh: 然后圣约翰更进一步。
- start: 603.485
  end: 615.509
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So if we go to the prologue of St. John's Gospel, we read, "In the beginning was the Word," the capital W, Word.
  zh: 如果我们看圣约翰福音的序言，我们读到：「太初有道」，大写的「道」。
- start: 615.689
  end: 621.891
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, God the Father, His perfect expression, His Word.
  zh: 所以，圣父，他完美的表达，他的道。
- start: 622.091
  end: 630.255
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, joined together in this infinite, perfect union of love that's personified in the Holy Spirit.
  zh: 在这无限、完美的爱的联合中，体现在圣灵里。
- start: 630.255
  end: 637.437
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So St. John writes, "In the beginning was the Word, the Word was in God's presence, the Word was God."
  zh: 所以圣约翰写道：「太初有道，道与神同在，道就是神。」
- start: 637.478
  end: 652.724
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Skip down to verse 14. The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us, and we have seen his glory, the glory of an only Son, coming from the Father, filled with enduring love.
  zh: 跳到第14节：「道成了肉身，住在我们中间，充充满满地有恩典有真理。我们也见过他的荣光，正是父独生子的荣光。」
- start: 653.004
  end: 668.475
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: We believe that Jesus, the second person of the Holy Trinity, is one in being with the Father, consubstantial, who entered this world, true God becoming true man.
  zh: 我们相信耶稣，三位一体的第二位，与父同体，进入这个世界，真神成为真人。
- start: 668.615
  end: 688.164
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: St. John also writes in his first epistle, chapter 4, "This is how you can recognize God's spirit.
  zh: 圣约翰在他的第一封书信第四章也写道：「凡灵认耶稣基督是成了肉身来的，就是出于神的。」
- start: 688.405
  end: 694.968
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Every spirit that acknowledges Jesus Christ come in the flesh belongs to God.
  zh: 凡灵认耶稣基督是成了肉身来的，就是出于神的。
- start: 695.008
  end: 700.23
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Well, every spirit that fails to acknowledge him does not belong to God.
  zh: 凡灵不认耶稣，就不是出于神的。
- start: 700.491
  end: 703.692
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Such is the spirit of the Antichrist."
  zh: 这是那敌基督者的灵。
- start: 703.993
  end: 712.116
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So here we have this fundamental belief that Jesus is true God who became true man.
  zh: 所以我们有这个基本信仰：耶稣是真神成为真人。
- start: 712.277
  end: 718.059
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But the real question is, how do you express it in words?
  zh: 但真正的问题是，如何用言语表达？
- start: 718.559
  end: 719.58
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: How does it happen?
  zh: 这如何发生？
- start: 719.58
  end: 723.621
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: What does it mean to say Jesus is true God and true man?
  zh: 说耶稣是真神真人是什么意思？
- start: 723.821
  end: 726.862
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: What is it to say Jesus became flesh?
  zh: 说耶稣成为肉身是什么意思？
- start: 727.062
  end: 732.284
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, setting the stage some more, we have in the earliest history of...
  zh: 所以，进一步设定背景，我们在最早的历史中有……
- start: 734.989
  end: 738.892
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: You know, this podium is cursed for some reason.
  zh: 你知道，这个讲台似乎被诅咒了。
- start: 739.233
  end: 741.355
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It's been problems all night.
  zh: 整晚都有问题。
- start: 741.355
  end: 744.438
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So anyway, never mind, Father Hezekiah.
  zh: 总之，算了，希西家神父。
- start: 744.438
  end: 746.179
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: I'll get back with you later.
  zh: 我稍后再和你说。
- start: 748.421
  end: 750.623
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, early church.
  zh: 那么，早期教会。
- start: 750.824
  end: 752.785
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: 312 legalization already.
  zh: 312年已经合法化。
- start: 752.785
  end: 754.247
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: We have two heresies.
  zh: 我们有两个异端。
- start: 754.247
  end: 755.688
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They're problematic.
  zh: 它们是有问题的。
- start: 755.968
  end: 757.249
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: One is Arianism.
  zh: 一个是亚略主义。
- start: 757.35
  end: 758.51
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So Arius...
  zh: 亚略……
- start: 759.432
  end: 761.594
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Arius denied the divinity of Christ.
  zh: 亚略否认基督的神性。
- start: 761.795
  end: 765.018
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Arius said that Jesus is a creature.
  zh: 亚略说耶稣是受造物。
- start: 765.259
  end: 767.642
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: God created Jesus.
  zh: 神创造了耶稣。
- start: 767.642
  end: 770.605
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He's the first and foremost of all creatures.
  zh: 他是所有受造物中最先和最重要的。
- start: 771.006
  end: 774.51
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But Arius denied the divinity of Christ.
  zh: 但亚略否认基督的神性。
- start: 774.65
  end: 780.836
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But then you have the docetists, who are, you say, a subsect of what we call the Gnostics.
  zh: 然后是幻影说者，他们是我们称为诺斯底派的一个分支。
- start: 780.836
  end: 789.381
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: If you ever hear that term Gnostic, because it was very popular a few years ago with the Da Vinci Code, the Gnostic Gospels, and so on, they were crazy.
  zh: 如果你听到诺斯底这个词，因为几年前《达芬奇密码》和诺斯底福音很流行，他们是疯狂的。
- start: 789.422
  end: 791.163
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They're truly heretics.
  zh: 他们是真正的异端。
- start: 791.163
  end: 804.411
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They believed in this dualistic system of God versus the devil, whom they considered equal players, and everything spiritual was of God and good, everything material was of the devil and bad.
  zh: 他们相信神与魔鬼对立的二元体系，认为两者是平等的，一切属灵的都是神的，是好的，一切物质的都是魔鬼的，是坏的。
- start: 804.531
  end: 813.174
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And therefore, when we look at our humanity, this body, this physical being is bad and the soul is like a prisoner in the body.
  zh: 因此，当我们看我们的人性时，这身体，这物质存在是坏的，灵魂就像被囚禁在身体里。
- start: 813.354
  end: 821.557
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And so the Gnostics denied, for instance, the sacraments because how could God work through material things to bring grace?
  zh: 所以诺斯底派否认圣事，因为神怎么能通过物质带来恩典呢？
- start: 821.557
  end: 822.917
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: That's absurd.
  zh: 这太荒谬了。
- start: 822.977
  end: 831.34
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Or the Gnostics denied the value of marriage because why would you bring children into this world and enslave souls and bodies?
  zh: 诺斯底派否认婚姻的价值，因为为什么要把孩子带到这个世界，奴役灵魂和身体呢？
- start: 831.42
  end: 840.786
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And the greatest act of religion for them was suicide, because that way you released the soul from the body.
  zh: 对他们来说，最大的宗教行为是自杀，因为这样可以释放灵魂脱离身体。
- start: 840.847
  end: 842.248
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They're crazy people.
  zh: 他们是疯子。
- start: 842.248
  end: 844.71
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So whenever you hear that term, they're crazy.
  zh: 所以每当你听到这个词，他们是疯子。
- start: 844.71
  end: 854.816
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And the Gnostic Gospels, remember this, always remember this, that the earliest accounts of them are about the year 150. They're bogus.
  zh: 诺斯底福音，记住这一点，永远记住，最早的记载大约在150年。它们是假的。
- start: 854.816
  end: 868.4
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They use the names of apostles like Peter and James and so on to append to these writings of theirs, but they're heretical, and they were condemned by the Church, and that's why they aren't included.
  zh: 他们用彼得、雅各等使徒的名字附在他们的著作上，但它们是异端，被教会谴责，所以没有被收录。
- start: 868.4
  end: 878.002
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So whenever you hear something like even National Geographic talk about, oh, the Gospel of Judas and so on, and whatever, the Catholic Church excluded these for good reason.
  zh: 所以每当你听到像国家地理谈论犹大福音之类的东西，大公教会有充分的理由排除这些。
- start: 878.722
  end: 879.923
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: For good reason.
  zh: 确实有理由。
- start: 879.924
  end: 886.35
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Because our canon, when you think of our New Testament, we had it by the year 70. It's there.
  zh: 因为我们的正典，当你想到我们的新约时，我们在70年就有了。它在那里。
- start: 886.47
  end: 891.315
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And all those writings are included because they are attributed to those authors.
  zh: 所有这些著作都被收录，因为它们归于那些作者。
- start: 891.435
  end: 892.816
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Be that as it may.
  zh: 不管怎样。
- start: 892.817
  end: 898.682
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So we have these docetist Gnostics that say, well, Jesus appeared as human.
  zh: 所以我们有这些幻影说的诺斯底派，他们说耶稣只是显现为人。
- start: 899.605
  end: 900.585
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He's divine.
  zh: 他是神性。
- start: 900.585
  end: 902.046
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He only appeared as human.
  zh: 他只是显现为人。
- start: 902.046
  end: 904.406
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So they deny the humanity of Christ.
  zh: 所以他们否认基督的人性。
- start: 904.426
  end: 911.988
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So the Church comes together in the year 325 at the Council of Nicaea to deal with these two heresies.
  zh: 因此，教会于325年在尼西亚会议上聚集，处理这两个异端。
- start: 912.048
  end: 918.449
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And they produce what we call the Nicene Creed, which we recited at Mass this morning.
  zh: 他们制定了我们称为尼西亚信经的，我们今天早上在弥撒中诵读了。
- start: 918.47
  end: 920.57
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And you'll notice it's very specific.
  zh: 你会注意到它非常具体。
- start: 920.57
  end: 946.987
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So taking the Apostles' Creed, which is attributed to the Apostles about the year 70, 80 at the latest, the first earliest records, we now have the Nicene Creed that specifically says that for us men, for our salvation, he came down from heaven and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary and became man.
  zh: 所以在使徒信经的基础上，最早的记载大约在70年，最晚80年，我们现在有尼西亚信经，具体说到「为要拯救我们世人，从天降临，因圣灵感孕，由童贞马利亚所生，成为人」。
- start: 947.108
  end: 962.618
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: We also have preceding this that Jesus is the only begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages, God from God, light from light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father.
  zh: 我们还有之前的部分，说耶稣是神的独生子，在万世以前为父所生，从神所生的神，从光所出的光，真神所出的真神，受生而非受造，与父同体。
- start: 962.859
  end: 970.403
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So here we have the Council of Nicaea defining that Jesus is the second person of the Holy Trinity.
  zh: 所以尼西亚会议定义耶稣是三位一体的第二位。
- start: 970.443
  end: 975.346
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He is true God who became also true man.
  zh: 他是真神，也成为真人。
- start: 975.646
  end: 986.494
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And the word here for consubstantial is homoousios, the same substance, the same stuff, the same divinity as the Father.
  zh: 这里的「同体」一词是homoousios，意思是同一实质，同一本体，同一神性。
- start: 986.495
  end: 991.778
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Jesus is fully divine, yet he is distinct from the Father.
  zh: 耶稣完全是神性，但他与父有别。
- start: 991.819
  end: 1000.965
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, the Council of Nicaea stopped in the original creed with, "and we believe in the Holy Spirit," period.
  zh: 尼西亚会议在原信经中以「我信圣灵」为止。
- start: 1002.028
  end: 1003.689
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Time would go on.
  zh: 时间继续。
- start: 1003.689
  end: 1018.413
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: In 381, we have the second ecumenical council, and that is at Constantinople in 381. They affirm Nicaea, but then they continue on with the Holy Spirit.
  zh: 381年，我们有第二次大公会议，就是381年的君士坦丁堡会议。他们确认尼西亚，但继续讨论圣灵。
- start: 1018.453
  end: 1024.695
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: At this time, there's another heretical group called the Numata Machi, the haters of the Holy Spirit.
  zh: 此时，有另一个异端团体，称为Numata Machi，圣灵的仇敌。
- start: 1024.815
  end: 1028.316
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, they want to get rid of the third person of the Holy Trinity.
  zh: 他们想除掉三位一体的第三位。
- start: 1028.376
  end: 1036.142
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, the council declares that heretical, and so we now have the last part of our creed.
  zh: 因此，会议宣布这是异端，所以我们现在有信经的最后部分。
- start: 1036.142
  end: 1037.763
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: That's what we have at Mass.
  zh: 这就是我们在弥撒中所诵的。
- start: 1037.763
  end: 1055.937
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: 'So at this time, we have some great players: St. Athanasius, who is a bishop of Alexandria, Egypt, a staunch defender of the Trinity, and we also have St. Hilary of Poitiers, who''s in the West, a staunch defender of the Holy Trinity.'
  zh: 在这个时候，我们有一些伟大的人物：圣亚他拿修，他是埃及亚历山大的主教，三位一体的坚定捍卫者，还有西方的圣波瓦捷的希拉里，也是三位一体的坚定捍卫者。
- start: 1056.037
  end: 1069.143
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They take sacred scripture, they elaborate it through theology, and so we have our tradition trying to teach, as best we can, clearly, our faith.
  zh: 他们以圣经为基础，通过神学阐述，使我们的传统尽力清晰地教导我们的信仰。
- start: 1069.143
  end: 1072.385
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, we've set the stage, so to speak.
  zh: 所以，可以说我们已经设定了背景。
- start: 1072.425
  end: 1076.086
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, the question here is, how?
  zh: 现在的问题是，如何？
- start: 1076.566
  end: 1077.927
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: How does it happen?
  zh: 这如何发生？
- start: 1078.327
  end: 1082.308
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: How does true God become true man?
  zh: 真神如何成为真人？
- start: 1082.388
  end: 1083.908
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So we affirm he is.
  zh: 所以我们确认他是。
- start: 1084.528
  end: 1085.268
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: How?
  zh: 如何？
- start: 1085.589
  end: 1089.769
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So here we are, now getting ready for the Council of Ephesus.
  zh: 所以我们现在准备进入以弗所会议。
- start: 1090.01
  end: 1094.331
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, enter the stage, St. Cyril of Alexandria.
  zh: 于是，亚历山大的圣区利罗登场。
- start: 1094.351
  end: 1103.393
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: 'Little background: born in 376, dies in the year 444. He''s known as the Doctor of the Incarnation.'
  zh: 简单背景：他生于376年，卒于444年。他被称为道成肉身的博士。
- start: 1104.233
  end: 1108.918
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He was also known as the guardian of exactitude.
  zh: 他也被称为精确的守护者。
- start: 1109.179
  end: 1122.114
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He is, in the Syrian and Maronite rite masses of our church, commemorated as, quote, a tower of truth and interpreter of the Word of God made flesh.
  zh: 在我们教会的叙利亚和马龙礼弥撒中，他被纪念为「真理的堡垒，神道成肉身的诠释者」。
- start: 1122.555
  end: 1138.904
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He was also a great scripture scholar, so he wrote commentaries on the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Old Testament, the prophets, particularly Isaiah, the Gospels of John and St. Luke, and also the Psalms.
  zh: 他也是伟大的圣经学者，写了摩西五经、旧约前五卷书、先知书，特别是以赛亚书，约翰福音和路加福音，以及诗篇的注释。
- start: 1139.045
  end: 1147.952
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He also was a great teacher of the patristics, so he had the writings of the different church fathers.
  zh: 他也是教父学的伟大教师，拥有不同教父的著作。
- start: 1147.952
  end: 1157.904
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So he had all of this knowledge, and he knew that he had to teach in accord not only with what is in the scriptures, but what has been handed down as the faith.
  zh: 他拥有所有这些知识，他知道他必须按照圣经所载和传下来的信仰来教导。
- start: 1157.904
  end: 1167.71
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Again, we see the interaction here between The Word of God, the Bible, sacred scripture, and the sacred tradition.
  zh: 我们再次看到神的道、圣经、圣经经卷和圣传之间的互动。
- start: 1167.71
  end: 1172.073
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: That consistent teaching, handing on of the faith.
  zh: 那一致的教导，信仰的传承。
- start: 1172.133
  end: 1173.555
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, going back.
  zh: 现在，回到正题。
- start: 1173.555
  end: 1179.959
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Saint Cyril, and this is important for good old Catholics to remember, was not perfect.
  zh: 圣区利罗，这一点对忠实的天主教徒来说很重要，他并不完美。
- start: 1179.959
  end: 1182.081
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So sometimes we think saints are saints.
  zh: 有时我们以为圣人就是完美的。
- start: 1182.081
  end: 1183.762
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He was not perfect.
  zh: 他并不完美。
- start: 1183.762
  end: 1186.464
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He was called bold and hard.
  zh: 他被称为大胆而刚硬。
- start: 1186.464
  end: 1189.146
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, he was a deacon.
  zh: 当时他是个执事。
- start: 1189.146
  end: 1193.688
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He served for his uncle, who was the patriarch of Alexandria.
  zh: 他为他的叔叔服务，他叔叔是亚历山大的牧首。
- start: 1193.688
  end: 1196.328
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It's always nice when your uncle's the patriarch.
  zh: 当你的叔叔是牧首时，总是不错的。
- start: 1196.509
  end: 1207.373
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And his uncle governed Alexandria from 385 to 412. Historians always use the phrase, "with an iron hand."
  zh: 他的叔叔从385年到412年统治亚历山大。历史学家总是用「铁腕」来形容。
- start: 1207.513
  end: 1211.274
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, he has a classical education.
  zh: 所以，他受过古典教育。
- start: 1211.354
  end: 1229.532
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He is then elected as the successor of his uncle in the year 412. Now, with that, it is written that Saint Cyril was a man of great learning and purity of private life, but like his uncle, bold and hard.
  zh: 他于412年被选为他叔叔的继承人。据记载，圣区利罗是个学识渊博、私生活纯洁的人，但像他叔叔一样，大胆而刚硬。
- start: 1229.733
  end: 1247.658
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, he preaches against different heresies, such as the Arians that keep on popping up, against the Novatians who really denied forgiveness of sin for mortal sins, against the Jews at the time who were causing troubles against the church in Alexandria.
  zh: 他反对各种异端，如不断出现的亚略派，否认致死罪赦免的诺瓦提派，以及当时在亚历山大对教会造成麻烦的犹太人。
- start: 1247.678
  end: 1253.8
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He preaches against the Roman governor because the Roman governor is also against the church.
  zh: 他反对罗马总督，因为总督也反对教会。
- start: 1253.8
  end: 1259.321
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So he was a tough character, sort of a firebrand, but nevertheless a great scholar.
  zh: 所以他是个强硬的人物，有点像个火把，但仍然是个伟大的学者。
- start: 1259.361
  end: 1269.165
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now the great patrologist, Ernest Simmons, now deceased, wrote, in short, he was a strong man, a born ruler, a willing fighter.
  zh: 已故的伟大教父学者欧内斯特·西蒙斯写道，总之，他是个强者，天生的统治者，愿意战斗。
- start: 1269.265
  end: 1282.69
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: If he had any faults that belonged to such a character—hastiness, lack of sympathy, obstinacy—he had also in full measure the drive, initiative, and zeal that can get a difficult job done well.
  zh: 如果他有任何属于这种性格的缺点——急躁、缺乏同情、固执——他也充分具备能把困难工作做好所需的动力、主动性和热情。
- start: 1282.85
  end: 1299.566
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Tempered by a genuine love of God and his church, and a real concern for the welfare of Christian men and women, his character and God's grace made a man who, though he might not be greatly loved, was mightily respected by his own and succeeding generations.
  zh: 由于对神和教会的真爱，以及对基督徒男女福利的真正关心，他的性格和神的恩典造就了一个人，虽然他可能不被大爱，但受到他自己和后代的极大尊敬。
- start: 1299.606
  end: 1301.468
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Alright, we have Saint Cyril.
  zh: 好了，我们有圣区利罗。
- start: 1301.528
  end: 1302.409
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Here's what happens.
  zh: 事情是这样的。
- start: 1302.409
  end: 1309.415
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Year 429. There is the patriarch of Constantinople named Nestorius.
  zh: 429年，君士坦丁堡的牧首名叫聂斯托留。
- start: 1309.636
  end: 1311.778
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Nestorius was a monk.
  zh: 聂斯托留是个修士。
- start: 1311.798
  end: 1316.362
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He lived in solitude for the great majority of his life.
  zh: 他大部分时间都过着隐居生活。
- start: 1316.403
  end: 1334.333
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Because there was a dispute over who should succeed the deceased patriarch of Constantinople, Theodosius II enters in and says, "I will appoint Nestorius, this monk, from this monastery outside of Antioch."
  zh: 由于对谁应继任已故的君士坦丁堡牧首有争议，狄奥多西二世介入说：「我将任命聂斯托留，这位来自安提阿外修道院的修士。」
- start: 1334.333
  end: 1336.433
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So Nestorius comes down.
  zh: 于是聂斯托留被任命。
- start: 1336.593
  end: 1345.015
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, Nestorius asks the question, "How did Jesus, the Son of God, become man?"
  zh: 现在，聂斯托留提出问题：「神的儿子耶稣如何成为人？」
- start: 1345.055
  end: 1347.436
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Well, in many ways, that's legitimate.
  zh: 在许多方面，这是合理的。
- start: 1347.436
  end: 1352.296
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The problem was how he came up with the theory.
  zh: 问题在于他如何提出理论。
- start: 1352.917
  end: 1354.397
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, Nestorius.
  zh: 所以，聂斯托留。
- start: 1357.483
  end: 1360.284
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: We'll have Nestorianism here.
  zh: 我们这里有聂斯托留主义。
- start: 1360.485
  end: 1372.592
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Nestorians believed that there is the divine person, Jesus, who has a divine nature.
  zh: 聂斯托留派相信有神性位格耶稣，他有神性。
- start: 1374.614
  end: 1377.075
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So here we have one person.
  zh: 所以这里有一个位格。
- start: 1377.216
  end: 1378.917
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Then there's another person.
  zh: 然后还有另一个位格。
- start: 1379.597
  end: 1388.739
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: There is the human person, Jesus, who has a human nature.
  zh: 有人性位格耶稣，他有人性。
- start: 1392.38
  end: 1395.402
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: This is a separate person.
  zh: 这是一个独立的位格。
- start: 1395.902
  end: 1424.077
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And the story is said that what happens is that the divine person Jesus, whom he calls the Word, is coming into this world and dwells in the human person Jesus, whom he calls the Christ, and his phrasing is, "...as if a person dwelling in a temple."
  zh: 据说，神性位格耶稣，他称为道，进入这个世界，住在人性位格耶稣中，他称为基督，他的说法是「如同一个人住在殿中」。
- start: 1424.438
  end: 1426.259
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So you have two persons going on here.
  zh: 所以这里有两个位格。
- start: 1426.259
  end: 1437.266
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Somehow you have, it does get into a problem of language, but you have this divine person of Jesus somehow just being popped into Mary.
  zh: 不知怎么的，这确实涉及语言问题，但你有这个神性位格的耶稣不知怎么地被放入马利亚。
- start: 1437.526
  end: 1443.65
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And Mary gives birth to baby Jesus the Christ, but not the Word of God.
  zh: 马利亚生下婴孩耶稣基督，但不是神的道。
- start: 1443.77
  end: 1449.533
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now Nestorius says what happens at this time is, then we have this big...
  zh: 现在聂斯托留说，此时发生的是，我们有这个大的……
- start: 1451.741
  end: 1452.901
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: prosopon.
  zh: 位格。
- start: 1453.162
  end: 1455.083
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: That's his term, prosopon.
  zh: 这是他的术语，位格。
- start: 1457.904
  end: 1461.186
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: In the order of grace, he calls it sublime.
  zh: 在恩典的次序中，他称之为崇高。
- start: 1461.186
  end: 1463.007
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So it is unique and sublime.
  zh: 所以它是独特而崇高的。
- start: 1463.007
  end: 1465.749
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It's a unique figure, this prosopon.
  zh: 这是一个独特的形象，这个位格。
- start: 1465.749
  end: 1487.112
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So somehow, again, Mary gives birth to human Jesus, a human person Jesus with a human nature, the Christ, but it is the divine person Jesus with the divine nature of the Word who somehow is totally separate gets put into him, into the human part.
  zh: 所以不知怎么的，马利亚生下了人性耶稣，一个有人性位格的耶稣，即基督，但神性位格的耶稣，具有道的神性，完全独立地被放入他的人性部分。
- start: 1487.112
  end: 1490.935
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Just again like someone dwelling within a temple.
  zh: 就像一个人住在殿中。
- start: 1491.075
  end: 1492.476
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: That's his phrasing.
  zh: 这是他的说法。
- start: 1492.476
  end: 1497.138
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And we have this unique figure that he calls a prosopon.
  zh: 我们有这个他称为位格的独特形象。
- start: 1497.278
  end: 1498.939
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Okay, so far so good.
  zh: 好，到目前为止还算顺利。
- start: 1498.939
  end: 1513.107
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, Nestorius said, therefore, Mary is the mother of Christ, Christokos in Greek, but she is not the mother of God, Theotokos.
  zh: 所以，聂斯托留说，马利亚是基督的母亲，希腊语是Christokos，但她不是神的母亲，Theotokos。
- start: 1513.668
  end: 1521.24
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Alright, it causes a big problem now, because the union then is simply accidental.
  zh: 好吧，这就引起了大问题，因为这样一来，联合只是偶然的。
- start: 1521.261
  end: 1525.468
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And one has to think then, who dies on the cross for us?
  zh: 那么我们就要想，谁为我们死在十字架上？
- start: 1526.547
  end: 1530.169
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Well, Nestorius would say, well, it's not the divine part of Jesus.
  zh: 聂斯托留会说，那不是耶稣的神性部分。
- start: 1530.329
  end: 1532.03
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It's simply the human part.
  zh: 只是人性部分。
- start: 1532.191
  end: 1533.771
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Who suffers for us?
  zh: 谁为我们受苦？
- start: 1533.852
  end: 1535.693
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It's only the human side.
  zh: 只有人性部分。
- start: 1535.713
  end: 1539.255
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Who's the one who goes through all those pains of this life?
  zh: 谁经历了这生命中的一切痛苦？
- start: 1539.335
  end: 1543.018
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Only the human side, not the divine side.
  zh: 只有人性部分，不是神性部分。
- start: 1543.018
  end: 1546.86
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Well, then we have to ask the question, how could Christ really be our Redeemer?
  zh: 那么我们就要问，基督如何能真正成为我们的救主？
- start: 1547.537
  end: 1548.718
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: There's the key.
  zh: 这就是关键。
- start: 1548.838
  end: 1551.0
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: How could Christ really suffer for us?
  zh: 基督如何能真正为我们受苦？
- start: 1551.0
  end: 1556.464
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: How could he elevate our humanity to something even better than Adam and Eve had?
  zh: 他如何能将我们的人性提升到比亚当和夏娃更好的境地？
- start: 1556.665
  end: 1558.446
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So it really gets complicated.
  zh: 所以这变得非常复杂。
- start: 1558.446
  end: 1562.409
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And the wording is played around with so it can be very subtle.
  zh: 措辞被玩弄得非常微妙。
- start: 1562.409
  end: 1564.571
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It can also be very seductive.
  zh: 也可能非常诱人。
- start: 1564.591
  end: 1578.103
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, Nestorius does want to preserve the idea of these two natures, divine and human, but the problem is that he kept the two natures into two persons rather than somehow joining them.
  zh: 现在，聂斯托留确实想保留神人二性的概念，但问题是他将二性分成了两位格，而不是以某种方式联合它们。
- start: 1578.104
  end: 1582.688
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So St. Cyril comes along and he says, this is heretical.
  zh: 于是圣区利罗出现了，他说这是异端。
- start: 1582.808
  end: 1583.528
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Why?
  zh: 为什么？
- start: 1583.528
  end: 1594.813
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Because St. Cyril goes to the sacred scriptures, and we know, Mary conceived by the Holy Spirit, and through her Jesus Christ, true God became true man.
  zh: 因为圣区利罗查考圣经，我们知道，马利亚因圣灵感孕，通过她耶稣基督，真神成为真人。
- start: 1594.974
  end: 1600.556
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: St. John, again, wrote, the Word became flesh and dwelled among us.
  zh: 圣约翰又写道，道成了肉身，住在我们中间。
- start: 1600.636
  end: 1605.018
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It wasn't the Word person got popped into the human person.
  zh: 不是道的位格被放入人性位格。
- start: 1605.018
  end: 1607.019
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: No, the Word became flesh.
  zh: 不，是道成了肉身。
- start: 1607.199
  end: 1615.643
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, St. Cyril says we look at sacred scripture, but also, Cyril said, we look at the titles.
  zh: 所以，圣区利罗说我们要看圣经，但区利罗也说，我们要看称号。
- start: 1615.643
  end: 1624.587
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And the title Mother of God was spoken of by St. Ignatius of Antioch in the year 100, St. Irenaeus in the 2nd century.
  zh: 神的母亲这个称号在100年被安提阿的圣依纳爵提到，二世纪的圣爱任纽也提到。
- start: 1624.707
  end: 1639.877
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: St. Ephraim, the great scripture scholar, St. Alexander of Alexandria, who is at the Council of Nicaea, St. Athanasius, who is at the Council of Nicaea, the Mother of God title has been accepted all this time in our sacred tradition.
  zh: 伟大的圣经学者圣以法莲，尼西亚会议的亚历山大的圣亚历山大，尼西亚会议的圣亚他拿修，神的母亲这个称号一直在我们的圣传中被接受。
- start: 1639.877
  end: 1643.639
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: How can Nestorius now say she's not the Mother of God?
  zh: 聂斯托留怎么能现在说她不是神的母亲呢？
- start: 1643.88
  end: 1645.1
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Big problem.
  zh: 大问题。
- start: 1645.481
  end: 1663.034
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: What's ironic, too, is in the Mass of St. John Chrysostom, who was the patriarch of Constantinople two times before Nestorius, Nestorius was using the language that St. John wrote, and that is this.
  zh: 讽刺的是，在圣屈梭多模的弥撒中，他在聂斯托留之前两次担任君士坦丁堡牧首，聂斯托留使用了圣约翰写的语言，就是这样。
- start: 1663.455
  end: 1668.04
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: This is the language from their Mass in the Eucharistic Prayer.
  zh: 这是他们弥撒中圣体祷文的语言。
- start: 1668.161
  end: 1676.663
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It is truly just to proclaim you blessed, O Mother of God, who are most blessed, all pure, and Mother of our God.
  zh: 「诚然应当称颂你，神的母亲，你是最蒙福的，全然纯洁，我们神的母亲。」
- start: 1676.663
  end: 1684.306
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: We magnify you, who are more honorable than the cherubim, and incomparably more glorious than the seraphim.
  zh: 我们尊崇你，你比基路伯更尊贵，比撒拉弗更荣耀。
- start: 1684.366
  end: 1688.527
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: You who, without losing your virginity, gave birth to the Word of God.
  zh: 你在保持童贞的情况下生了神的道。
- start: 1688.527
  end: 1690.868
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: You who are truly the Mother of God.
  zh: 你确实是神的母亲。
- start: 1690.928
  end: 1695.232
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So that's their Mass, the wording of their Mass in the Eucharistic Prayer.
  zh: 这就是他们弥撒中圣体祷文的措辞。
- start: 1695.232
  end: 1701.437
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And Nestorius, who's saying those words, is now saying, now she's not the Mother of God.
  zh: 而聂斯托留，曾说这些话，现在却说她不是神的母亲。
- start: 1701.638
  end: 1704.08
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And St. Cyril says, this is bizarre.
  zh: 圣区利罗说，这是荒谬的。
- start: 1704.521
  end: 1705.881
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It's heretical.
  zh: 这是异端。
- start: 1706.122
  end: 1708.183
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, where do we go from here?
  zh: 那么，我们该如何应对？
- start: 1708.304
  end: 1709.004
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Well...
  zh: 那么……
- start: 1710.049
  end: 1726.975
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: St. Cyril gets further infuriated because he hears that a priest named Anastasius preached in front of Nestorius at the cathedral in Constantinople, and he preached, quote, "Let no man call Mary Mother of God.
  zh: 圣区利罗更加愤怒，因为他听说有位名叫阿纳斯塔修的祭司在君士坦丁堡大教堂的聂斯托留面前宣讲，他说：「不要称马利亚为神的母亲。
- start: 1726.975
  end: 1731.637
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: She is only human, and God cannot be born of a creature."
  zh: 她只是人，神不能从受造物而生。」
- start: 1731.877
  end: 1734.858
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: All right, so St. Cyril is really mad.
  zh: 好吧，圣区利罗真的生气了。
- start: 1734.899
  end: 1738.56
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So he writes to Nestorius.
  zh: 于是他写信给聂斯托留。
- start: 1738.92
  end: 1743.363
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Nestorius receives the letter with contempt and haughtiness.
  zh: 聂斯托留以轻蔑和傲慢的态度接收了信。
- start: 1743.423
  end: 1751.188
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So in his Easter encyclical in 429, Cyril denounces Nestorius.
  zh: 所以在429年的复活节通谕中，区利罗谴责聂斯托留。
- start: 1751.629
  end: 1772.045
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And Cyril writes, "It is essential to explain the teaching and interpretation of the faith to the people in the most irreproachable way and to remember that those who cause scandal, even to only one of the little ones who believe in Christ, will be subject to unbearable punishment."
  zh: 区利罗写道：「必须以最无可指责的方式向人们解释信仰的教导和解释，并记住，那些使信基督的小子之一跌倒的人，将受到难以忍受的惩罚。」
- start: 1772.225
  end: 1781.79
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He continued on, "Thus we affirm that the natures are different that are united in one true united person.
  zh: 他继续说：「因此我们确认，二性不同，但在一个真正的位格中联合。
- start: 1781.891
  end: 1787.073
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But from both has come only one Christ and Son.
  zh: 但从二性中只有一个基督和儿子。
- start: 1787.394
  end: 1793.698
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So one person, one divine person, true God who became also true man.
  zh: 所以一个位格，一个神性位格，真神也成为真人。
- start: 1793.818
  end: 1800.082
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: One divine person who has a divine nature who also takes on a human nature."
  zh: 一个神性位格，具有神性，也取了人性。」
- start: 1800.322
  end: 1801.143
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Continue.
  zh: 继续。
- start: 1801.143
  end: 1818.154
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: '"Not because due to their unity the difference in their natures has been eliminated, but rather because divinity and humanity, reunited in an ineffable and indescribable union, have produced for us one Lord in Christ and Son."'
  zh: 「不是因为他们的联合消除了二性的区别，而是因为神性和人性在一个不可言喻的联合中结合，为我们成就了一个主，一个基督和儿子。」
- start: 1818.374
  end: 1828.642
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And so again, Cyril is emphasizing Jesus, second person of the Holy Trinity, consubstantial with the Father.
  zh: 所以区利罗再次强调耶稣，三位一体的第二位，与父同体。
- start: 1828.842
  end: 1837.168
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He is a divine person who has a divine nature, and in the mystery of that incarnation, true God becomes true man.
  zh: 他是神性位格，具有神性，在道成肉身的奥秘中，真神成为真人。
- start: 1837.209
  end: 1839.971
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He takes on that human nature.
  zh: 他取了人性。
- start: 1840.311
  end: 1844.454
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Very important, fundamental belief of our church.
  zh: 这是我们教会非常重要的基本信仰。
- start: 1844.674
  end: 1849.998
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, in 430, Cyril writes a second letter to Nestorius.
  zh: 现在，430年，区利罗写了第二封信给聂斯托留。
- start: 1849.998
  end: 1851.6
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: This is in February.
  zh: 这是在二月。
- start: 1851.6
  end: 1860.346
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But he also writes to Pope Celestine, Pope Saint Celestine I, and includes a dossier of evidence against Nestorius.
  zh: 但他也写信给教宗刻肋斯定，圣刻肋斯定一世，并附上反对聂斯托留的证据材料。
- start: 1860.586
  end: 1875.076
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: In the second letter, Cyril writes, "For we do not say that the nature of the Word became flesh by undergoing a change," Nor that it was transformed into a complete man made up of soul and body.
  zh: 在第二封信中，区利罗写道：「我们并不说道的本性因改变而成为肉身，也不说它变成了一个由灵魂和身体组成的完整人。
- start: 1875.337
  end: 1892.508
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Rather, we affirm that the Word, having united to Himself, according to the hypostasis, the flesh animated by a rational soul, became man in an ineffable and incomprehensible manner and was called Son of Man.
  zh: 相反，我们确认道按照位格联合了有理性灵魂的肉体，以不可言喻和不可理解的方式成为人，被称为人子。
- start: 1892.508
  end: 1893.829
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So here's a mystery.
  zh: 这是一个奥秘。
- start: 1893.869
  end: 1896.191
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It's incomprehensible that...
  zh: 难以理解的是……
- start: 1896.511
  end: 1905.015
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: a Divine Person with divine nature is united now to a human nature, which is body and rational soul.
  zh: 一个具有神性的神性位格现在与人性联合，人性包括身体和理性灵魂。
- start: 1905.495
  end: 1914.92
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: This union is not merely according to the will or to good pleasure, nor does it consist in the assumption of a prosopon only.
  zh: 这种联合不仅仅是根据意志或美意，也不仅仅是位格的假设。
- start: 1914.92
  end: 1920.382
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So this mysterious thing, this figure that Nestorius came up with, the prosopon.
  zh: 所以这个神秘的东西，聂斯托留提出的位格。
- start: 1920.562
  end: 1925.705
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And though the natures which are brought together into a true unity are distinct...
  zh: 虽然联合在真正合一中的二性是有区别的……
- start: 1925.925
  end: 1929.968
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: from both there results one Christ and one Son.
  zh: 但从二性中产生了一个基督和一个儿子。
- start: 1930.108
  end: 1946.46
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Not as though the distinction of natures were suppressed by their union, but rather because the divinity and the humanity, by their mysterious and ineffable coming together into unity, have constituted for us the one Lord Jesus Christ.
  zh: 不是因为二性的区别被联合所消除，而是因为神性和人性以神秘和不可言喻的方式结合，为我们构成了一个主耶稣基督。
- start: 1946.941
  end: 1955.75
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He continues, "...it was not that an ordinary man was born first of the Holy Virgin, on whom afterwards the Word descended."
  zh: 他继续说：「不是先有一个普通人从圣童贞女而生，然后道降临在他身上。」
- start: 1955.75
  end: 1960.093
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So this divine person popping into this human person.
  zh: 所以这个神性位格进入这个人性位格。
- start: 1960.474
  end: 1971.222
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: What we say is that being united with the flesh from the womb, the Word underwent birth in the flesh, making the birth in the flesh His own.
  zh: 我们所说的是，道从母腹中与肉体联合，在肉体中降生，使肉体的降生成为他自己的。
- start: 1971.262
  end: 1978.744
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Thus, the Holy Fathers have unhesitatingly called the Holy Virgin Mother of God, Theotokos.
  zh: 因此，圣父们毫不犹豫地称圣童贞女为神的母亲，Theotokos。
- start: 1978.764
  end: 2000.497
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: This does not mean that the nature of the Word or His divinity received the beginning of its existence from the Holy Virgin, but that since the holy body, animated by a rational soul, which the Word united to Himself according to the hypostasis, was born from her, the Word was born according to the flesh."
  zh: 这并不意味着道的本性或他的神性从圣童贞女那里开始存在，而是因为道按照位格联合的圣体，由理性灵魂所赋予生命，从她而生，道按肉体降生。
- start: 2000.797
  end: 2002.178
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So here, Mary.
  zh: 所以在这里，马利亚。
- start: 2002.258
  end: 2006.842
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Mary does not create the second person, the Holy Trinity.
  zh: 马利亚并没有创造三位一体的第二位。
- start: 2006.842
  end: 2011.145
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: No. But Mary does conceive by the Holy Spirit.
  zh: 不。马利亚因圣灵感孕。
- start: 2011.145
  end: 2017.409
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And Mary gives flesh to the divine person with the divine nature.
  zh: 马利亚将肉体给予具有神性的神性位格。
- start: 2017.43
  end: 2036.082
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So in that sense, since Jesus is true God who became true man, we can rightfully call Mary mother of God, not mother of the Father, not mother of the Holy Spirit, not mother meaning she created the divine person Jesus like he didn't exist before the conception.
  zh: 所以从这个意义上说，既然耶稣是真神成为真人，我们可以理直气壮地称马利亚为神的母亲，而不是父的母亲，也不是圣灵的母亲，不是说她创造了神性位格耶稣，好像他在感孕前不存在。
- start: 2036.082
  end: 2041.445
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: No, that she's the mother of Jesus, true God, who became true man.
  zh: 不，她是耶稣的母亲，真神成为真人。
- start: 2041.566
  end: 2052.009
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: All right, now, with that, St. Cyril said that if we don't hold this true, we shatter the mystery of our redemption.
  zh: 好了，圣区利罗说，如果我们不持守这个真理，我们就破坏了我们救赎的奥秘。
- start: 2052.25
  end: 2067.715
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Recall what St. Paul said in Hebrews chapter 4. Since then we have a great high priest, meaning Jesus, who has passed through the heavens, Jesus, the Son of God, let us hold fast to our profession of faith.
  zh: 想想圣保罗在希伯来书第四章所说的：我们既然有一位已经升入高天尊荣的大祭司，就是神的儿子耶稣，便当持定所承认的道。
- start: 2067.715
  end: 2077.779
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weakness, but one who is tempted in every way that we are, yet never sinned.
  zh: 因我们的大祭司并非不能体恤我们的软弱，他也曾凡事受过试探，与我们一样，只是他没有犯罪。
- start: 2077.959
  end: 2086.623
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So let us confidently approach the throne of grace to receive mercy and favor and to find help in time of need.
  zh: 所以我们只管坦然无惧地来到施恩的宝座前，为要得怜恤，蒙恩惠，作随时的帮助。
- start: 2086.883
  end: 2087.884
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: How beautiful that is.
  zh: 这是多么美好。
- start: 2087.884
  end: 2089.445
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now think about it.
  zh: 现在想想。
- start: 2089.445
  end: 2093.628
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The beauty of our faith is that we have a Savior.
  zh: 我们信仰的美在于我们有一位救主。
- start: 2093.949
  end: 2108.02
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: A Savior, true God who became true man, who endured all the things that we do in this life, who endured the sufferings that we face, who endured death, but conquered death through the resurrection.
  zh: 一位救主，真神成为真人，忍受了我们在生命中所经历的一切，忍受了我们所面对的苦难，忍受了死亡，但通过复活战胜了死亡。
- start: 2108.02
  end: 2115.586
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: We have Christ who faced temptation, but showed us he is stronger than any power of the devil, and with him we can be too.
  zh: 我们有基督，他面对试探，但向我们展示他比任何魔鬼的力量都强大，与他同在，我们也能如此。
- start: 2115.706
  end: 2117.948
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So we have this beautiful Savior.
  zh: 所以我们有这位美丽的救主。
- start: 2118.228
  end: 2122.211
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now if we look at Nestorius, we don't have that Savior anymore.
  zh: 现在如果我们看聂斯托留，我们就不再有那位救主。
- start: 2122.372
  end: 2127.596
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: We don't have true God who became true man, one who can understand us.
  zh: 我们没有真神成为真人，能理解我们的那位。
- start: 2127.596
  end: 2136.323
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: 'And think about this too: Jesus came to elevate our fallen nature to something greater than what Adam and Eve had.'
  zh: 再想想这一点：耶稣来是要提升我们堕落的人性到比亚当和夏娃更高的境地。
- start: 2136.684
  end: 2138.285
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: We should never forget that.
  zh: 我们永远不应忘记这一点。
- start: 2138.285
  end: 2147.772
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: This is why in the Easter Vigil Exultet, we proclaim, "O happy fall of Adam that gave us such a Savior."
  zh: 这就是为什么在复活节前夜的欢呼中，我们宣告：「哦，亚当的快乐的堕落，给了我们这样的救主。」
- start: 2148.253
  end: 2149.935
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Because of Jesus.
  zh: 因为耶稣。
- start: 2149.935
  end: 2156.779
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: How beautiful is it that we have Christ who has elevated our human nature to even greater dignity.
  zh: 我们有基督，他将我们的人性提升到更高的尊严，这是多么美好。
- start: 2157.04
  end: 2164.227
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now with that, we could look at, even at Mass, when the priest adds the water into the chalice.
  zh: 现在，我们可以看看，即使在弥撒中，当祭司将水倒入圣杯时。
- start: 2164.227
  end: 2177.538
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So the little bit of water, the drop into the chalice, he says, "By the mystery of this water and wine, may we come to share in the divinity of Christ, who humbled himself to share in our humanity."
  zh: 那一点水，滴入圣杯，他说：「愿这水与酒的奥秘，使我们分享基督的神性，正如他降卑与我们分享人性。」
- start: 2178.099
  end: 2190.096
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So Christ, because of that mystery of the incarnation, has enabled us to become like brothers and sisters in the Lord.
  zh: 所以基督，因为道成肉身的奥秘，使我们能成为主里的弟兄姊妹。
- start: 2190.276
  end: 2196.38
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And the Heavenly Father looks upon us through the eyes of the Son.
  zh: 天父通过圣子的眼光看我们。
- start: 2196.5
  end: 2199.182
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He looks upon us through the Son.
  zh: 他通过圣子看我们。
- start: 2199.182
  end: 2203.583
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, we have something even better than Adam and Eve.
  zh: 所以，我们拥有比亚当和夏娃更好的东西。
- start: 2203.643
  end: 2206.444
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, enter Pope Saint Celestine.
  zh: 现在，圣教宗刻肋斯定登场。
- start: 2206.605
  end: 2228.877
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, Pope Saint Celestine was born in Campania, Italy, studied under Saint Ambrose in Milan, was a deacon in Rome, and during the time of Pope Innocent I, he was elected Pope on September 20, 422. Now, he fought against Pelagianism, which denied the need for grace.
  zh: 圣教宗刻肋斯定生于意大利坎帕尼亚，在米兰跟随圣安布罗斯学习，曾在罗马担任执事，在诺森一世教宗时期，于422年9月20日当选为教宗。他反对伯拉纠派，伯拉纠派否认恩典的必要性。
- start: 2228.978
  end: 2232.441
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He's a friend of St. Augustine, with whom he corresponded.
  zh: 他是圣奥古斯丁的朋友，与他有书信往来。
- start: 2232.582
  end: 2239.95
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It's interesting that he also sent St. Palladius and missionaries to Ireland to evangelize the Irish.
  zh: 有趣的是，他还派遣圣帕拉丢和传教士到爱尔兰传福音给爱尔兰人。
- start: 2240.231
  end: 2261.138
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It is believed that towards the end of his life, Pope Celestine sent St. Patrick to Ireland in 432. St. Prosper of Aquitaine said, quote, "St. Celestine saved the Roman island," meaning Britain, "for the faith, and to the barbarous island," meaning Ireland, "brought the light of Christ."
  zh: 据信，在他生命的晚期，教宗刻肋斯定于432年派遣圣帕特里克到爱尔兰。阿基坦的圣普罗斯珀说：「圣刻肋斯定为信仰拯救了罗马岛」，即不列颠，「并将基督的光带给了蛮荒之岛」，即爱尔兰。
- start: 2261.678
  end: 2263.92
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Just a little fun for St. Patrick's Day.
  zh: 这只是圣帕特里克节的小趣闻。
- start: 2263.92
  end: 2271.367
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, he restored in the Church of Rome many of the churches, like Santa Maria in Trastevere and others.
  zh: 他在罗马教会中修复了许多教堂，如特拉斯提弗列的圣母教堂等。
- start: 2271.367
  end: 2275.291
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He embellished many churches with beautiful artwork.
  zh: 他用美丽的艺术装饰了许多教堂。
- start: 2275.331
  end: 2293.145
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But having received the dossier from St. Cyril, in Rome, he now convokes a synod, and this happens in August of 430. At the synod, Pope Saint Celestine condemns Nestorius.
  zh: 但在收到圣区利罗的材料后，他在罗马召开了会议，这发生在430年8月。在会议上，圣教宗刻肋斯定谴责了聂斯托留。
- start: 2293.345
  end: 2309.458
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He also entrusts to Saint Cyril to be his official representative, to write to Nestorius, to give him, upon receipt of this letter of condemnation, ten days to recant and to repent.
  zh: 他还委托圣区利罗作为他的正式代表，写信给聂斯托留，要求他在收到这封谴责信后，十天内撤回并悔改。
- start: 2309.779
  end: 2315.302
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: If Nestorius does not repent within 10 days, then he will be disposed.
  zh: 如果聂斯托留在十天内不悔改，他将被罢免。
- start: 2315.443
  end: 2319.545
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So he's really entrusting great power to St. Cyril.
  zh: 所以他确实将大权委托给圣区利罗。
- start: 2319.566
  end: 2320.806
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, one reason why.
  zh: 现在，原因之一。
- start: 2320.806
  end: 2322.688
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Keep in mind, what's happened?
  zh: 记住，发生了什么？
- start: 2322.688
  end: 2324.088
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The barbarians.
  zh: 蛮族。
- start: 2324.429
  end: 2328.191
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Pope St. Celestine can't get on the boat and come over there.
  zh: 圣教宗刻肋斯定不能上船亲自前往。
- start: 2328.191
  end: 2329.412
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Not so easy.
  zh: 这不容易。
- start: 2329.452
  end: 2332.494
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So he's entrusting this to St. Cyril.
  zh: 所以他将此事委托给圣区利罗。
- start: 2332.554
  end: 2339.879
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So St. Cyril writes a third letter with the ultimatum to Nestorius, and he adds 12 anathemas.
  zh: 于是圣区利罗写了第三封信，向聂斯托留发出最后通牒，并加上了十二条咒诅。
- start: 2340.239
  end: 2341.5
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: We'll look at four.
  zh: 我们来看四条。
- start: 2341.5
  end: 2349.604
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: One is that Mary is Theotokos, mother of God, because she brought forth after the flesh the word of God.
  zh: 一是马利亚是Theotokos，神的母亲，因为她按肉体生了神的道。
- start: 2349.604
  end: 2351.705
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: If you don't believe it, anathema sit.
  zh: 如果你不相信，愿你被咒诅。
- start: 2351.705
  end: 2352.925
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: You're condemned.
  zh: 你被定罪。
- start: 2352.946
  end: 2356.027
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The word has been personally united to the flesh.
  zh: 道亲自与肉体联合。
- start: 2356.027
  end: 2358.909
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The same person is both God and man.
  zh: 同一个位格既是神又是人。
- start: 2358.909
  end: 2361.39
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: If you don't believe it, anathema sit.
  zh: 如果你不相信，愿你被咒诅。
- start: 2361.89
  end: 2370.199
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The human and divine and the one Christ cannot be divided nor connected merely by common dignity, authority, or rule.
  zh: 人性和神性在一个基督里不能分开，也不能仅仅通过共同的尊严、权威或统治连接。
- start: 2370.199
  end: 2372.981
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: If you don't believe it, anathema sit.
  zh: 如果你不相信，愿你被咒诅。
- start: 2373.462
  end: 2380.469
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And then lastly, the word suffered, was crucified, tasted death, and rose in the flesh.
  zh: 最后，道受苦，被钉十字架，尝了死味，并在肉体中复活。
- start: 2380.469
  end: 2383.072
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: If you don't believe it, anathema sit.
  zh: 如果你不相信，愿你被咒诅。
- start: 2383.252
  end: 2384.733
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, with that...
  zh: 所以，
- start: 2385.234
  end: 2389.436
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: We really have now the whole mystery of this hypostatic union.
  zh: 我们现在确实有了整个位格联合的奥秘。
- start: 2389.436
  end: 2394.178
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: That Jesus is a divine person, the second person of the Holy Trinity.
  zh: 耶稣是神性位格，三位一体的第二位。
- start: 2394.198
  end: 2395.959
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He has a divine nature.
  zh: 他有神性。
- start: 2396.039
  end: 2401.141
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: In the mystery of the incarnation, he takes on fully a human nature.
  zh: 在道成肉身的奥秘中，他完全取了人性。
- start: 2401.221
  end: 2403.142
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: This is the hypostatic union.
  zh: 这就是位格联合。
- start: 2403.142
  end: 2406.123
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Two natures, one divine person.
  zh: 二性，一位神性位格。
- start: 2406.203
  end: 2413.467
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, these natures are not to be confused, divided, separated, or changed.
  zh: 现在，这些性不能混淆、分开、分离或改变。
- start: 2413.467
  end: 2418.089
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: That's going to come up in the next Council, 451 Chalcedon.
  zh: 这将在下次会议，即451年的迦克墩会议上讨论。
- start: 2418.089
  end: 2420.23
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But we'll leave that for another time.
  zh: 但我们将留待另一次讨论。
- start: 2420.23
  end: 2427.553
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: December 430, Nestorius received the letter, and now we have Emperor Theodosius enter the scene.
  zh: 430年12月，聂斯托留收到了信，现在皇帝狄奥多西登场。
- start: 2427.573
  end: 2440.561
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So Emperor Theodosius II was emperor from 408 to 450. He was the emperor at age 7. So you figure, he's not running the empire at age 7, is he?
  zh: 狄奥多西二世皇帝从408年到450年在位。他7岁时成为皇帝。所以你想，他7岁时不可能管理帝国，对吧？
- start: 2440.561
  end: 2441.942
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: No, his mom is.
  zh: 不，是他母亲在管理。
- start: 2441.942
  end: 2450.368
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And his mother was always very influential, Empress Eudoxia, and she had real problems with St. John Chrysostom.
  zh: 他的母亲尤多克西亚皇后一直很有影响力，她与圣屈梭多模有真正的问题。
- start: 2450.388
  end: 2452.31
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, leave that as it may.
  zh: 所以，暂且不论。
- start: 2452.31
  end: 2459.494
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So Emperor Theodosius receives all these reports, and he decides, well, we're going to convoke a general council.
  zh: 狄奥多西皇帝收到所有这些报告，他决定，我们要召开一次大公会议。
- start: 2459.895
  end: 2466.038
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, November 19, 430, he says we will have a general council at Ephesus.
  zh: 所以，430年11月19日，他说我们将在以弗所召开大公会议。
- start: 2466.038
  end: 2474.402
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It will meet on Pentecost Sunday, June 7, 431. Celestine, Pope Celestine approved, would send legates.
  zh: 会议将在431年6月7日的五旬节主日召开。教宗刻肋斯定批准并将派遣使节。
- start: 2474.622
  end: 2481.205
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, the problem is, most of the church can't attend because the West has all the barbarians.
  zh: 现在的问题是，大部分教会不能参加，因为西方有蛮族。
- start: 2481.505
  end: 2484.187
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And North Africa has all the barbarians.
  zh: 北非也有蛮族。
- start: 2484.187
  end: 2492.372
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So it's predominantly going to be eastern church bishops, the eastern side of the church, who are going to be meeting at Ephesus.
  zh: 所以主要是东部教会的主教们，即教会的东部，将在以弗所聚会。
- start: 2492.532
  end: 2494.553
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Like St. Augustine can't attend.
  zh: 像圣奥古斯丁就不能参加。
- start: 2494.553
  end: 2499.096
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Of course, he's dying at this point, but still he's got the barbarians outside his walls.
  zh: 当然，他此时已临终，但他的城外仍有蛮族。
- start: 2499.336
  end: 2504.559
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So on June 22, 431, the council comes into session.
  zh: 所以在431年6月22日，会议开始。
- start: 2504.819
  end: 2506.42
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It's attended by 200 bishops.
  zh: 有200位主教参加。
- start: 2507.361
  end: 2510.464
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: St. Cyril is the representative of the Pope.
  zh: 圣区利罗是教宗的代表。
- start: 2510.464
  end: 2512.246
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He convokes the council.
  zh: 他召集了会议。
- start: 2512.246
  end: 2515.269
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It met in the Church of St. Mary.
  zh: 会议在圣马利亚教堂举行。
- start: 2515.47
  end: 2516.69
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: How appropriate.
  zh: 多么合适。
- start: 2516.731
  end: 2522.436
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Ephesus, remember, was the home of our Blessed Mother Mary until the time of the Assumption.
  zh: 记住，以弗所是蒙福的圣母马利亚的家，直到她被接升天。
- start: 2522.577
  end: 2527.641
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, St. John the Evangelist and Mary Magdalene care for Mary there.
  zh: 所以，圣约翰和抹大拉的马利亚在那里照顾马利亚。
- start: 2527.681
  end: 2535.447
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: I've never been to Ephesus, but archaeologically, they do have what is believed to be the House of Mary still there.
  zh: 我从未去过以弗所，但考古学上，他们确实有被认为是马利亚的住所仍在那里。
- start: 2535.507
  end: 2543.213
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They have the Basilica of St. John, and they have the Basilica of St. Mary, which used to be the Temple of Zeus.
  zh: 他们有圣约翰大教堂，还有圣马利亚大教堂，曾是宙斯庙。
- start: 2543.553
  end: 2549.716
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, unfortunately, except for the House of Mary, this is all ruins because of the Muslims.
  zh: 现在，不幸的是，除了马利亚的住所，这些都因穆斯林而成了废墟。
- start: 2549.716
  end: 2550.636
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So be it.
  zh: 就这样吧。
- start: 2550.636
  end: 2552.617
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But anyway, it's there in Ephesus.
  zh: 但无论如何，它在以弗所。
- start: 2552.657
  end: 2557.56
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, so we have the convocation of the council.
  zh: 现在，我们有了会议的召开。
- start: 2557.6
  end: 2562.722
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The problem is that not all the bishops had arrived, especially those from Antioch.
  zh: 问题是并非所有主教都到了，特别是安提阿的主教。
- start: 2562.722
  end: 2578.29
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, now, some of the bishops accused Nestorius of blasphemy, stating they heard him say, quote, "Nestorius could not call God a baby suckled by the Virgin, nor believe in a God two or three months old."
  zh: 所以，现在一些主教指控聂斯托留亵渎神明，说他们听他说：「聂斯托留不能称神为童贞女哺乳的婴孩，也不相信两三个月大的神。」
- start: 2578.29
  end: 2579.291
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Blasphemy.
  zh: 亵渎。
- start: 2579.291
  end: 2594.317
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So the bishops decreed, quote, "and every priestly assembly."
  zh: 所以主教们下令：「每个祭司的聚会。」
- start: 2595.858
  end: 2597.678
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: 197 bishops signed the document.
  zh: 197位主教签署了文件。
- start: 2597.818
  end: 2619.283
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They also informed Nestorius, quote, "...to Nestorius, new Judas, know that by reason of your impious preachings and your disobedience to the canons, on the 22nd of this month of June, in conformity with the rules of the church, you have been deposed by the Holy Synod, and that you now no longer have any rank in the church."
  zh: 他们还通知聂斯托留：「……聂斯托留，新犹大，你要知道，由于你的不敬虔的讲道和你对教规的不服，在本月六月二十二日，按照教会的规定，你已被圣会议罢免，你现在在教会中不再有任何职分。」
- start: 2619.991
  end: 2621.111
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: There you go.
  zh: 就是这样。
- start: 2621.132
  end: 2624.834
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, now the council affirmed that belief.
  zh: 所以，现在会议确认了那个信仰。
- start: 2624.835
  end: 2630.659
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Jesus is a divine person with a divine nature and a human nature.
  zh: 耶稣是神性位格，具有神性和人性。
- start: 2630.659
  end: 2632.32
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The hypostatic union.
  zh: 位格联合。
- start: 2632.32
  end: 2636.863
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And for that, Mary is rightfully called the Mother of God.
  zh: 因此，马利亚理应被称为神的母亲。
- start: 2636.863
  end: 2660.656
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And they wrote, "Mother of God," not in that nature of the word or his divinity received from the beginning of its existence from the Holy Virgin, but that since the holy body, animated by a rational soul, which the Word of God united to himself according to the hypostasis, was born from her, the Word is said to be born according to the flesh.
  zh: 他们写道：「神的母亲」，不是说道的本性或他的神性从圣童贞女那里开始存在，而是因为道按照位格联合的圣体，由理性灵魂所赋予生命，从她而生，道按肉体降生。
- start: 2661.116
  end: 2677.444
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: When the council fathers announced that Mary is the Mother of God, they were greeted by the people of Ephesus, in this beautiful exclamation of applause, and they had a torchlight procession.
  zh: 当会议的父老们宣布马利亚是神的母亲时，他们受到以弗所人民的欢迎，以美丽的欢呼和火炬游行。
- start: 2677.505
  end: 2679.525
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So it was wonderfully received.
  zh: 所以这受到极大的欢迎。
- start: 2679.646
  end: 2682.167
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, another important point.
  zh: 现在，另一个重要点。
- start: 2682.307
  end: 2687.71
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Cyril relates this then to our belief about the Holy Eucharist.
  zh: 区利罗将此与我们对圣体的信仰联系起来。
- start: 2688.3
  end: 2716.984
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And Saint Cyril wrote, "Proclaiming the death according to the flesh of the only begotten Son of God, that is Jesus Christ, and confessing his resurrection from the dead and ascent into heaven, we celebrate the bloodless sacrifice in our churches, and thus approach the mystic blessings, and are sanctified by partaking of the holy flesh and the precious blood of Christ the Savior of us all."
  zh: 圣区利罗写道：「宣告神的独生子，就是耶稣基督，按肉体的死，承认他从死里复活，升天，我们在教会中庆祝无血的祭，因此接近神秘的祝福，藉着领受我们救主基督的圣体和宝血而成圣。」
- start: 2717.164
  end: 2734.351
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And we receive it not as common flesh, nor as the flesh of a man sanctified and associated with the Word according to the unity of merit, or as having a divine indwelling, but as really the life-giving and very flesh of the Word himself."
  zh: 我们领受的不是普通的肉体，也不是按功德的合一与道联合的人所成圣的肉体，或有神性内住的肉体，而是真正赐生命的道自己的肉体。」
- start: 2734.651
  end: 2735.932
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, think how beautiful that is.
  zh: 现在，想想这是多么美好。
- start: 2735.932
  end: 2743.378
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: You know, when we say that we receive the Holy Eucharist, we believe that we are receiving the body, blood, soul, and divinity of our Lord.
  zh: 你知道，当我们说我们领受圣体时，我们相信我们领受的是主的身体、宝血、灵魂和神性。
- start: 2743.459
  end: 2749.764
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: That in this very beautiful sacrament, we are mysteriously sharing in the life of Christ.
  zh: 在这个极美的圣事中，我们神秘地分享基督的生命。
- start: 2749.764
  end: 2754.468
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, if we follow in this story, one has to think, what would we be receiving?
  zh: 现在，如果我们跟随这个故事，我们要想，我们会领受什么？
- start: 2755.134
  end: 2756.655
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Just bread, maybe.
  zh: 也许只是饼。
- start: 2756.875
  end: 2758.216
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: That would be about it.
  zh: 大概就是这样。
- start: 2758.477
  end: 2760.038
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Well, maybe we'd be cannibals.
  zh: 或者我们会成为食人者。
- start: 2760.038
  end: 2760.919
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: I don't know.
  zh: 我不知道。
- start: 2760.919
  end: 2765.702
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But if we look at Nestorius, we've just denied even the mystery of the Holy Eucharist.
  zh: 但如果我们看聂斯托留，我们就否认了圣体的奥秘。
- start: 2766.123
  end: 2781.494
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: 'So Jesus, when he gave to the apostles at the Last Supper that beautiful sacrament and said, "This is my body, this is my blood," he was giving his whole self: divine person, divine nature, human nature.'
  zh: 所以耶稣在最后的晚餐中将那美丽的圣事赐给使徒们，说「这是我的身体，这是我的血」，他是在给予他整个自己：神性位格，神性，人性。
- start: 2781.575
  end: 2782.795
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, we go on.
  zh: 现在，我们继续。
- start: 2783.296
  end: 2787.159
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, St. Cyril reported the findings to Theodosius.
  zh: 圣区利罗将结果报告给狄奥多西。
- start: 2787.199
  end: 2802.41
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Well, June 26, four days later, Patriarch John and the bishops of Antioch arrived, and they protested because they weren't there for this, and so they held their own little council, and they deposed Cyril.
  zh: 好吧，四天后的6月26日，约翰牧首和安提阿的主教们到了，他们抗议因为他们不在场，于是他们召开了自己的小会议，罢免了区利罗。
- start: 2802.771
  end: 2804.051
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Okay, why not?
  zh: 好吧，为什么不呢？
- start: 2804.331
  end: 2811.953
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And there's a Count Candidian who is in favor of Nestorius, and Count Candidian reports to Theodosius.
  zh: 有位坎迪迪安伯爵支持聂斯托留，他向狄奥多西报告。
- start: 2812.073
  end: 2818.375
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, June 29th, an imperial rescript arrives, annulling the actions of the council.
  zh: 所以，6月29日，一道皇帝的诏书到达，废除了会议的决定。
- start: 2818.595
  end: 2822.556
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Emperor Theodosius arrested both Cyril and Nestorius.
  zh: 狄奥多西皇帝逮捕了区利罗和聂斯托留。
- start: 2823.116
  end: 2826.538
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, in early July, the papal legates finally arrive.
  zh: 现在，七月初，教宗的使节终于到了。
- start: 2826.538
  end: 2838.705
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So there is a priest named Philip; he's the chief papal legate, and he presents the documents entitling him as the legate, and so Theodosius reverses his position.
  zh: 有位名叫腓力的祭司，他是首席教宗使节，他出示了授权他为使节的文件，于是狄奥多西改变了立场。
- start: 2839.185
  end: 2845.53
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, that's important because Theodosius, although emperor, recognizes the authority of the pope.
  zh: 这很重要，因为狄奥多西虽然是皇帝，但承认教宗的权威。
- start: 2845.791
  end: 2851.375
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So he releases Saint Cyril, and he reforms then the council.
  zh: 所以他释放了圣区利罗，并重新召开会议。
- start: 2851.375
  end: 2856.099
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So the council meets again, second session, July 10th.
  zh: 所以会议再次召开，第二次会议在7月10日。
- start: 2856.119
  end: 2861.964
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They officially recognize these legates from the pope and the letter of Pope Celestine.
  zh: 他们正式承认这些教宗的使节和教宗刻肋斯定的信。
- start: 2862.224
  end: 2872.248
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: On the third session, July 11th, they affirm the document of the Matheotokos, but they continue on.
  zh: 在第三次会议，7月11日，他们确认了神的母亲的文件，但继续进行。
- start: 2873.989
  end: 2906.882
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Philip told the bishops, "There is no doubt, and in fact it has been known in all ages, that the Holy and Most Blessed Peter, Prince and Head of the Apostles, Pillar of the Faith, and Foundation of the Catholic Church, received the keys of the kingdom from our Lord Jesus Christ, the Savior and Redeemer of the human race, and that to him was given the power of loosing and binding sins, who down even to today and forever both lives and judges in his successors."
  zh: 腓力对主教们说：「毫无疑问，事实上历代都知道，圣而蒙福的彼得，使徒的元首和领袖，信仰的柱石，大公教会的根基，从我们的主耶稣基督，人类的救主和救赎主那里，领受了天国的钥匙，并且赐给他赦罪和捆绑的权柄，直到今天并永远在他的继承者中活着和审判。」
- start: 2907.062
  end: 2914.006
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The Holy and Most Blessed Pope Celestine, according to due order, is his successor and holds his place.
  zh: 圣而蒙福的教宗刻肋斯定，按照应有的秩序，是他的继承者，代表他的位置。
- start: 2914.386
  end: 2926.334
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And us he sent to supply his place in this holy synod, which the most humane and Christian emperors have commanded to assemble, bearing in mind and continually watching over the Catholic faith.
  zh: 他差遣我们在这圣会议中代表他，这会议是最仁慈和基督徒的皇帝们命令召开的，牢记并不断看顾大公信仰。
- start: 2926.414
  end: 2940.618
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: For they have both kept and now are keeping intact the apostolic doctrine handed down to them from their most pious and human grandfathers and father of holy memory down to the present time.
  zh: 因为他们既保持了，也正在保持从他们最虔诚和仁慈的祖父和圣父传给他们的使徒教义，直到现在。
- start: 2940.878
  end: 2947.9
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So what is proclaimed at Ephesus too is a recognition of papal primacy.
  zh: 所以在以弗所宣告的也是对教宗首位的承认。
- start: 2948.22
  end: 2955.369
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: That Pope Celestine is acting in the person of Peter who holds the keys.
  zh: 教宗刻肋斯定以持钥匙的彼得的身份行事。
- start: 2955.73
  end: 2957.192
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And they recognize this.
  zh: 他们承认这一点。
- start: 2957.192
  end: 2958.973
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And Theodosius does.
  zh: 狄奥多西也承认。
- start: 2959.014
  end: 2960.575
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And so we move on.
  zh: 所以我们继续。
- start: 2960.596
  end: 2964.0
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Fourth and fifth sessions, July 16th, 17th.
  zh: 第四和第五次会议，7月16日、17日。
- start: 2964.041
  end: 2966.563
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The council held at the Antioch Bishops.
  zh: 会议针对安提阿的主教们。
- start: 2966.824
  end: 2969.025
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: All their little council, that was annulled.
  zh: 他们的小会议被废除。
- start: 2969.025
  end: 2975.849
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Sixth and seventh session, the Creed of the Council of Nicaea was given preference to all others.
  zh: 第六和第七次会议，尼西亚会议的信经被优先于其他所有信经。
- start: 2976.03
  end: 2979.692
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And then finally, Nestorius was condemned officially.
  zh: 最后，聂斯托留被正式谴责。
- start: 2979.692
  end: 2981.953
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Nestorius was deposed.
  zh: 聂斯托留被罢免。
- start: 2981.953
  end: 2988.216
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He retired to Antioch to his monastery, but was later then exiled to the Egyptian desert.
  zh: 他退回安提阿的修道院，但后来被流放到埃及沙漠。
- start: 2988.277
  end: 2993.7
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Nestorius died in the year 450. Council officially ended in August.
  zh: 聂斯托留于450年去世。会议于八月正式结束。
- start: 2993.92
  end: 3005.885
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, all that happened here at Ephesus would be reaffirmed 20 years later at the Council of Chalcedon 451. Now, that's the Council of Ephesus.
  zh: 现在，以弗所发生的一切将在20年后的451年迦克墩会议上得到重申。这就是以弗所会议。
- start: 3005.885
  end: 3007.126
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, we learned a lot, really.
  zh: 所以，我们确实学到了很多。
- start: 3007.126
  end: 3012.268
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, primarily, we have clarified who Jesus is.
  zh: 首先，我们明确了耶稣是谁。
- start: 3012.268
  end: 3017.432
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Jesus is the second person of the Holy Trinity, consubstantial with the Father.
  zh: 耶稣是三位一体的第二位，与父同体。
- start: 3017.432
  end: 3028.24
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He is a divine person with a divine nature and, through the mystery of the Incarnation, takes on the human nature, our humanity in all things but sin.
  zh: 他是神性位格，具有神性，通过道成肉身的奥秘，取了人性，我们的人性，除了罪。
- start: 3028.32
  end: 3034.765
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Mary is the Mother of God because Jesus is truly God who became true man.
  zh: 马利亚是神的母亲，因为耶稣是真神成为真人。
- start: 3034.785
  end: 3042.491
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: We also see how important not only is Sacred Scripture, but the consistent relationship with Sacred Tradition of our Church.
  zh: 我们也看到，不仅圣经重要，与我们教会的圣传保持一致的关系也很重要。
- start: 3042.771
  end: 3052.138
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So we don't look at something out of context, but rather we look at the continuum of faith, what has been taught all this time.
  zh: 所以我们不脱离背景看事物，而是看信仰的延续，看一直以来所教导的。
- start: 3052.279
  end: 3057.462
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: We also see how there's the importance of the papal primacy.
  zh: 我们也看到教宗首位的重要性。
- start: 3057.643
  end: 3064.548
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Pope Celestine, even though there's this problem with what's going on in the West with the barbarians, is still Pope.
  zh: 教宗刻肋斯定，尽管西方有蛮族的问题，仍然是教宗。
- start: 3064.548
  end: 3069.392
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He exercises papal primacy, and that is recognized.
  zh: 他行使教宗首位权，这是被承认的。
- start: 3069.392
  end: 3073.156
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So we find a lot of goodness from this Council of Nicaea.
  zh: 所以我们从这次尼西亚会议中发现了很多益处。
- start: 3073.217
  end: 3074.598
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, postscript.
  zh: 所以，后记。
- start: 3074.859
  end: 3080.966
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: St. Cyril died June 27, 444. He's given the title Teacher of the World.
  zh: 圣区利罗于444年6月27日去世。他被授予「世界的教师」称号。
- start: 3081.187
  end: 3084.631
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He was declared a Doctor of the Universal Church in 1882 by Pope Leo the...
  zh: 1882年，教宗良十三世宣布他为普世教会的圣师。
- start: 3089.585
  end: 3108.64
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: On the 15th centenary of his death, 1944, Pope Pius XII issued an encyclical, Orientalis Ecclesiae, this light of Christian wisdom and valiant hero of the apostolic.
  zh: 在他逝世1500周年的1944年，教宗庇护十二世发表通谕《东方教会》，称他为基督智慧的光辉和使徒的英勇英雄。
- start: 3108.921
  end: 3116.306
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Pope Celestine described him as the generous defender of the Catholic faith and an apostolic man.
  zh: 教宗刻肋斯定称他为慷慨的大公信仰捍卫者和使徒的人。
- start: 3116.647
  end: 3124.869
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Pope Benedict, in an address in 2007, October 3rd, one of his audiences, taught this.
  zh: 教宗本笃在2007年10月3日的一次讲话中教导说。
- start: 3124.949
  end: 3133.231
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: The Christian faith is first and foremost the encounter with Jesus, a person who gives life a new horizon.
  zh: 基督信仰首先是与耶稣相遇，他是给予生命新视野的人。
- start: 3133.351
  end: 3143.855
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: St. Cyril of Alexandria was an unflagging, staunch witness of Jesus Christ, the incarnate Word of God, emphasizing above all his unity.
  zh: 亚历山大的圣区利罗是不懈的、坚定的耶稣基督的见证者，神道成肉身的见证者，尤其强调他的合一。
- start: 3144.056
  end: 3162.146
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Jesus, the Logos, born of the Father, is firmly rooted in history because, as St. Cyril affirms, this same Jesus came in time with his birth from Mary, the Theotokos, in accordance with his promise will always be with us.
  zh: 耶稣，道，从父而生，牢牢扎根于历史，因为正如圣区利罗所确认的，这位耶稣按时从神的母亲马利亚而生，按照他的应许将永远与我们同在。
- start: 3162.486
  end: 3164.067
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And this is important.
  zh: 这很重要。
- start: 3164.228
  end: 3165.909
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: God is eternal.
  zh: 神是永恒的。
- start: 3165.91
  end: 3170.214
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He is born of a woman, and he stays with us every day.
  zh: 他从女人而生，每天与我们同在。
- start: 3170.315
  end: 3172.277
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: In this trust, we live.
  zh: 在这信靠中，我们生活。
- start: 3172.277
  end: 3174.98
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: In this trust, we find the way for our life.
  zh: 在这信靠中，我们找到生命的道路。
- start: 3174.98
  end: 3179.245
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: 'Another postscript: The Nestorian Church still exists.'
  zh: 另一个后记：聂斯托留教会仍然存在。
- start: 3179.245
  end: 3181.066
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It's not very big.
  zh: 它不大。
- start: 3181.066
  end: 3182.448
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They don't call themselves that.
  zh: 他们不这样称呼自己。
- start: 3182.448
  end: 3189.513
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They call themselves the Church of the East, mostly with people from Syria, Iraq, and Iran.
  zh: 他们称自己为东方教会，主要是叙利亚、伊拉克和伊朗的人。
- start: 3189.594
  end: 3193.397
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So a very small community, but technically they're Nestorians.
  zh: 所以是个很小的团体，但技术上他们是聂斯托留派。
- start: 3193.457
  end: 3201.824
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: 'Another little postscript: December the 9th, 1531, Our Blessed Mother appeared at Guadalupe to Juan Diego.'
  zh: 另一个小后记：1531年12月9日，蒙福的圣母在瓜达卢佩向胡安·迭戈显现。
- start: 3202.345
  end: 3222.9
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And in that, she said to Juan Diego, "Know for certain, least of my sons, that I am the perfect and perpetual Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus, the true God through whom everything lives, the Lord of all things near and far, the master of heaven and earth."
  zh: 她对胡安·迭戈说：「我最小的儿子，你要确知，我是完美永恒的童贞马利亚，耶稣的母亲，真神，万物因他而活，近远万物的主，天地的主宰。」
- start: 3223.24
  end: 3228.703
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And so our Blessed Mother attests that she is the mother of Jesus, the true God.
  zh: 所以我们的圣母见证她是耶稣，真神的母亲。
- start: 3228.844
  end: 3230.485
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, we learn much.
  zh: 所以，我们学到了很多。
- start: 3230.485
  end: 3231.605
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So, very good.
  zh: 很好。
- start: 3231.766
  end: 3233.887
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Any questions at all?
  zh: 有什么问题吗？
- start: 3236.769
  end: 3238.01
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Perfectly clear?
  zh: 完全明白了吗？
- start: 3241.696
  end: 3242.556
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Thank you.
  zh: 谢谢。
- start: 3244.498
  end: 3245.818
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Thank you, Father.
  zh: 谢谢，神父。
- start: 3245.978
  end: 3267.69
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: If you are interested, you can always go to your good old catechism, and beginning with paragraph 464, and if you go all the way through 478, you have a very nice presentation of the teachings of the major church councils, including Ephesus.
  zh: 如果你有兴趣，可以查阅你们的教理，从第464段开始，一直到478段，你会看到对主要教会会议，包括以弗所会议的教导的很好阐述。
- start: 3267.91
  end: 3270.291
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So it's right there in our catechism.
  zh: 所以这就在我们的教理中。
- start: 3270.291
  end: 3273.992
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And it shows, again, the goodness of sacred tradition.
  zh: 这再次显示了圣传的美善。
- start: 3274.112
  end: 3283.996
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: If you have your faithful Bible and you have your catechism, it's really all you need for faith.
  zh: 如果你有忠实的圣经和教理，这就是你信仰所需的一切。
- start: 3284.196
  end: 3285.136
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: It's all here.
  zh: 一切都在这里。
- start: 3285.136
  end: 3286.617
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Good.
  zh: 很好。
- start: 3287.297
  end: 3288.698
  speaker: SPEAKER_02
  en: Thank you so much, Father.
  zh: 非常感谢，神父。
- start: 3289.158
  end: 3290.898
  speaker: SPEAKER_02
  en: Thank you for the talk, Father.
  zh: 谢谢你的讲座，神父。
- start: 3290.979
  end: 3296.823
  speaker: SPEAKER_02
  en: I'm wondering about some of the things we hear from certain prominent churchmen today.
  zh: 我想知道关于我们今天从一些著名教会人士那里听到的某些事情。
- start: 3296.823
  end: 3305.353
  speaker: SPEAKER_02
  en: One I'm thinking of seems to imply that Jesus has to learn things in his public career from others.
  zh: 我想到的一个似乎暗示耶稣在他公开事工中需要向别人学习。
- start: 3305.353
  end: 3306.774
  speaker: SPEAKER_02
  en: They seem to be women.
  zh: 他们似乎是女性。
- start: 3307.796
  end: 3310.058
  speaker: SPEAKER_02
  en: That's Father James Martin, of course.
  zh: 那当然是詹姆斯·马丁神父。
- start: 3310.058
  end: 3336.123
  speaker: SPEAKER_02
  en: And then, too, there seems to be a resurgence of the notion that Jesus never asked to be worshipped, and so we should regard him as, I guess the inference is, someone whose godness was not a matter...
  zh: 还有，似乎有一种观念的复兴，认为耶稣从未要求被敬拜，所以我们应该把他视为，我想推论是，他的神性不是……
- start: 3338.806
  end: 3343.871
  speaker: SPEAKER_02
  en: something apparent from his creation.
  zh: 从他的创造中显而易见的。
- start: 3344.072
  end: 3356.105
  speaker: SPEAKER_02
  en: And I'm a little confused by those, but I guess the question is, would either of those be considered a resurgence of either the Arian or the Nestorian heresies?
  zh: 我对此有些困惑，但我想问的是，这些是否会被视为亚略或聂斯托留异端的复兴？
- start: 3356.366
  end: 3359.327
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: I think so, because this is the thing.
  zh: 我认为是的，因为这是问题所在。
- start: 3359.427
  end: 3361.248
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: There's a mystery here.
  zh: 这里有一个奥秘。
- start: 3361.608
  end: 3366.37
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Jesus, true God who became true man, divine in human natures.
  zh: 耶稣，真神成为真人，神人二性。
- start: 3366.43
  end: 3374.874
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And Chalcedon said that those two natures cannot be changed, divided, confused, or separated.
  zh: 迦克墩会议说这二性不能改变、分开、混淆或分离。
- start: 3374.894
  end: 3375.954
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So they're there.
  zh: 所以它们在那里。
- start: 3376.035
  end: 3380.216
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But how they interact always, that's what's... the mystery.
  zh: 但它们如何互动，这始终是……奥秘。
- start: 3380.456
  end: 3382.917
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So Jesus enters this world.
  zh: 所以耶稣进入这个世界。
- start: 3382.917
  end: 3385.558
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Well, like any of us, he had to learn how to walk.
  zh: 像我们任何人一样，他必须学会走路。
- start: 3385.978
  end: 3387.499
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He had to learn how to talk.
  zh: 他必须学会说话。
- start: 3387.819
  end: 3389.399
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He had to learn how to be a carpenter.
  zh: 他必须学会做木匠。
- start: 3389.399
  end: 3391.7
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Those are all human kinds of things.
  zh: 这些都是人类的事情。
- start: 3391.7
  end: 3393.881
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But as far as did he know who he is, yes.
  zh: 但至于他是否知道自己是谁，是的。
- start: 3395.356
  end: 3401.598
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: He knew his mission, but he has the limitations of our humanity.
  zh: 他知道他的使命，但他有人性的限制。
- start: 3401.738
  end: 3404.338
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Archbishop Sheen had a great analogy.
  zh: 熙恩总主教有个很好的比喻。
- start: 3404.338
  end: 3413.441
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Archbishop Sheen would be like, what would it be like if you, as a human being, had to all of a sudden evangelize the dogs?
  zh: 熙恩总主教说，如果你作为一个人，突然要向狗传福音，会是什么样子？
- start: 3413.961
  end: 3417.322
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And all of a sudden you're in a dog body and you have to bark.
  zh: 突然你在狗的身体里，你必须吠叫。
- start: 3418.122
  end: 3419.103
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Think of that.
  zh: 想想这个。
- start: 3419.123
  end: 3433.37
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Well, imagine Jesus, true God, the Word, who now has to come into this time and space with our limitations of humanity, this language, and so on.
  zh: 想象耶稣，真神，道，现在必须进入这个时空，带着我们人性的限制，这种语言，等等。
- start: 3433.55
  end: 3434.771
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But it's a mystery.
  zh: 但这是个奥秘。
- start: 3434.871
  end: 3438.634
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But never should we say Jesus didn't know who he was.
  zh: 但我们绝不应说耶稣不知道自己是谁。
- start: 3438.735
  end: 3443.759
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And then somehow, you know, the apple dropped on his head and all of a sudden he's the Son of God.
  zh: 然后不知怎么的，苹果掉在他头上，突然他成了神的儿子。
- start: 3443.759
  end: 3446.941
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: No. He knew who he was and he knew what his mission was.
  zh: 不。他知道自己是谁，他知道自己的使命。
- start: 3447.042
  end: 3450.845
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: But again, there's the limitations of humanity.
  zh: 但再次，人性有其限制。
- start: 3450.925
  end: 3452.666
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And how do you express that?
  zh: 你如何表达这一点？
- start: 3453.027
  end: 3456.83
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Now, the second part to that is the...
  zh: 现在，第二部分是……
- start: 3457.27
  end: 3458.931
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: What was the second part to that?
  zh: 第二部分是什么？
- start: 3459.072
  end: 3460.713
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: What was your second question?
  zh: 你的第二个问题是什么？
- start: 3463.235
  end: 3464.996
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Oh, about adoration.
  zh: 哦，关于敬拜。
- start: 3465.437
  end: 3468.719
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Jesus didn't need to be asked to be adored.
  zh: 耶稣不需要被要求去敬拜。
- start: 3469.179
  end: 3471.521
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: People did it because they saw who he was.
  zh: 人们这样做是因为他们看到了他是谁。
- start: 3472.102
  end: 3478.767
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: When you think of those miracle stories, they aren't just, you know, see once again, walk once again.
  zh: 当你想到那些神迹故事时，它们不仅仅是让人重见光明，重新行走。
- start: 3478.767
  end: 3481.488
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: No, they all bring about faith.
  zh: 不，它们都带来了信心。
- start: 3482.229
  end: 3483.189
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Lord.
  zh: 主啊。
- start: 3483.81
  end: 3484.97
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: People follow.
  zh: 人们跟随。
- start: 3484.97
  end: 3488.431
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They recognize him as the divine Messiah.
  zh: 他们认出他是神性的弥赛亚。
- start: 3488.592
  end: 3494.214
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And if you're a Jew, he's doing everything that the prophet said the Messiah would do.
  zh: 如果你是犹太人，他正在做先知所说弥赛亚要做的一切。
- start: 3494.294
  end: 3496.535
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So Jesus doesn't have to say, "Adore me."
  zh: 所以耶稣不必说「敬拜我」。
- start: 3496.535
  end: 3499.035
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: No. People had faith.
  zh: 不。人们有信心。
- start: 3499.276
  end: 3501.016
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And they adored him as such.
  zh: 他们就这样敬拜他。
- start: 3501.277
  end: 3507.319
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And even if we go to the ascension scene, the apostles bow down and adore.
  zh: 即使我们看到升天的场景，使徒们也俯伏敬拜。
- start: 3508.159
  end: 3510.019
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They know who Jesus is.
  zh: 他们知道耶稣是谁。
- start: 3510.02
  end: 3513.921
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So Jesus doesn't have to say, "Oh, look at me, please adore me."
  zh: 所以耶稣不必说「哦，看着我，请敬拜我」。
- start: 3513.921
  end: 3516.881
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: No. They recognize him.
  zh: 不。他们认出他。
- start: 3517.962
  end: 3518.682
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Sure.
  zh: 当然。
- start: 3519.442
  end: 3520.402
  speaker: SPEAKER_03
  en: Any other questions?
  zh: 还有其他问题吗？
- start: 3520.402
  end: 3522.563
  speaker: SPEAKER_03
  en: Yes, one question over here.
  zh: 是的，这里有个问题。
- start: 3522.563
  end: 3526.824
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Father, this is kind of, could you tell the rest of the story to clarify?
  zh: 神父，这有点，您能讲讲剩下的故事以澄清吗？
- start: 3526.824
  end: 3535.553
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: The bishops that got there late from Antioch, and they were suppressed, but the sessions went on after they were there.
  zh: 那些迟到的安提阿主教，他们被压制，但会议在他们到达后继续进行。
- start: 3535.553
  end: 3537.034
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Did they join the program?
  zh: 他们加入了吗？
- start: 3537.034
  end: 3537.774
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: They did.
  zh: 他们加入了。
- start: 3537.774
  end: 3539.275
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They did join the program.
  zh: 他们确实加入了。
- start: 3539.275
  end: 3544.899
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: So they come late, and this Patriarch John of Antioch decides, well, we're late.
  zh: 他们迟到了，安提阿的约翰牧首决定，好吧，我们迟到了。
- start: 3544.899
  end: 3548.021
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: You didn't wait for us, so we're going to have our own little council here.
  zh: 你们没等我们，所以我们要在这里开自己的小会议。
- start: 3548.041
  end: 3551.803
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Well, that is suppressed by the papal legates.
  zh: 那被教宗使节压制了。
- start: 3552.144
  end: 3557.347
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And so they then do unite with the regular church council of Ephesus.
  zh: 所以他们随后与以弗所的正式教会会议联合。
- start: 3557.407
  end: 3561.55
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: And they do support the decrees of Ephesus, too.
  zh: 他们也支持以弗所的法令。
- start: 3561.75
  end: 3561.89
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: They do.
  zh: 他们确实支持。
- start: 3561.89
  end: 3561.951
  speaker: SPEAKER_00
  en: Thank you.
  zh: 谢谢。
