愿你们平安，祝大家复活节快乐，满有祝福。 Peace be with you, and a very happy, very blessed Easter to everybody.
我们来到了教会年度的高潮。 So we come to the climax of the Church's year.
我们来到了万节之节，来到了基督教存在的根本原因。 We come to the Feast of Feasts; we come to the very reason for the being of Christianity.
圣保罗说，若主没有复活，我们的信心就是徒然的。 St. Paul said, If the Lord has not been raised, our faith is in vain.
因此，基督徒生活的一切都以复活为中心。 And so everything in Christian life centers around the Resurrection.
教会每年都奇妙地给我们约翰福音中的经文——复活节早晨的记述。 The Church gives us, every year marvelously, the passage from the Gospel of John—the account of Easter morning.
这里包含了太多内容，各位。 And there's so much here, everybody.
我想仅指出约翰特别强调的一个特点。 I want to bring out just one feature that John especially draws attention to.
所以我们听到关于抹大拉马利亚的记述，对吧？ So we hear about Mary Magdalene, right?
她与主耶稣有这种深厚的友谊。 Who had this great friendship with the Lord Jesus.
她清晨就来了，那时天还黑。 She comes early in the morning; it's still dark.
这是约翰式的象征手法，代表罪恶、死亡，还有，你知道的，代表对这一切的不理解。 That's Johannine symbolism for sin and for death, and you know, for not understanding all of that.
她注意到那块大石头已被挪开，于是立刻怀疑有人盗墓了。 She notices the great stone has been rolled back, and so right away she suspects that there's been a grave robbery.
我是说，谁会费力去把石头滚开呢？ I mean, who would go to the effort of rolling the stone back?
除此之外你还能为什么而做这事呢？ Why else would you do it?
所以她立刻跑去见西门彼得和其他门徒，说：「他们把 主从坟墓里挪走了，我们不知道他们把他放在哪里。」 So right away, she runs to Simon Peter and the other disciples and says, They've taken the Lord from the tomb, and we don't know where they put him.
天还是黑的，她还是在一个常规的思维框架内运作，可 以说，她试图根据她已知的事情来理解她所看到的。 So it's dark; she's still operating within a conventional framework, if you want, trying to understand what she's seen in light of what she's already known.
然后是这个场景，两个门徒听到这个消息后感到震惊，我确信他们也很好奇。 Then this scene, the two disciples, having heard this, they're alarmed; I'm sure they're also intrigued.
他们充满了疑惑。 They're full of wonder.
于是彼得和约翰急忙奔向坟墓，我们被告知年轻的约 翰跑得比年长的彼得快，先到了坟墓那里并往里看。 So Peter and John make a kind of mad dash toward the tomb, and we're told the younger John outpaces the older Peter and arrives at the tomb first and looks in.
我最近偶然发现：格雷厄姆·格林，伟大的二十世纪公教会小说 家，一位皈依信仰的人，他说他皈依的一个原因就是这个场景。 I just came across this recently: Graham Greene, the great 20th-century Catholic novelist who was a convert to the faith, said one reason he converted was this scene.
他用小说家的眼光来阅读它。 And he read it with a novelist's eye.
为什么他们会包含约翰先到坟墓这个小小的奇怪细节？ Why would they have included that little odd detail of John getting to the tomb first?
除非这真的发生了。 Unless it really happened.
除非这是被生动记忆的事情。 Unless this was something vividly remembered.
你知道当你在讲述一个对你意义重大的故事时，你会记得每一个古怪的小细节吗？ You know how when you're recounting the story of something that really meant a lot to you, you remember every little quirky detail of it?
所以这让格雷厄姆·格林确信我们面对的不是神话和传说，而是被生动记忆的事情。 So that struck Graham Greene as a sign that we're dealing not with mythology and legend, but something that was vividly remembered.
约翰往坟墓里看，最终彼得也到了那里并进入了坟墓。 Well, John looks in the tomb; eventually, Peter gets there and goes into the tomb.
他们注意到了什么？ What do they notice?
这是圣约翰特别强调的事情。 And this is something that St. John puts a great stress on.
他们注意到了裹尸布。 They noticed the burial cloths.
这被提到了几次，然后他们甚至提到包裹他头部的布被整齐卷起并放在另一个地方。 It's mentioned a couple of times, and then they even mention the cloth that was around his head was rolled up neatly and placed in a different spot.
你会说，好吧，他们在记忆这个事件，耶稣的身体不见了。 And you say, Yeah, okay, they're remembering this event; the body of Jesus is gone.
为什么他们会如此关注裹尸布呢？ Why would they be so focused on the burial cloths?
好吧，这里有一个直接的回应：如果耶稣的身体被偷走了，那看起来会多么奇怪！ Well, here's an immediate response: how weird that would have seemed if the body of Jesus had been stolen!
你可以想象，小偷会想快速进出。 Thieves, you imagine, would want to get kind of in and out pretty quickly.
而且他们为什么要费心解开这具尸体的裹布呢？ And why would they have bothered unraveling this corpse?
然后为什么他们会带着一具未裹布的尸体走出去呢？ And then why would they have walked out with an unclothed body?
我是说，这看起来太奇怪了。 I mean, it just seems so odd.
他们难道不会直接拿起裹着布的尸体迅速带走吗？ Wouldn't they have just picked up the wrapped body and spirited it away?
然后进一步思考：为什么小偷会费心将头巾整齐地卷起并放在一个单独的地方呢？ And then press it further: why in the world would thieves have bothered rolling up neatly the headband and putting it in a separate spot?
很明显，这些布料有某种非常特别的东西引起了他们的注意。 There was something obviously very peculiar about these cloths that got their attention.
这里还有一点：我想知道他们是否在那些布料上看到了什么。 Here's something else: I wonder whether they saw something on those cloths.
我想知道那些布料上是否有标记，而且我进一步想知道我们今天是否能看到它们， 使得那向第一批门徒显示复活事实的裹尸布，也能对今天的我们起到同样的作用。 I wonder whether there were markings on those cloths, and I wonder furthermore whether we can see them to the present day so that the very burial cloths signaled to these first disciples the fact of the Resurrection might play the same role for us today.
现在毫无疑问，你知道我正在谈论的是基督教界最著名的圣物 ，都灵裹尸布，目前保存在意大利都灵大教堂的保险库中。 Now undoubtedly, you know I'm talking about the most famous relic in Christendom, the Shroud of Turin, now kept in a vault in the Turin Cathedral in Italy.
我在2010年见过都灵裹尸布。当时我作为访 问学者在罗马，而裹尸布罕见地展出了几周。 I saw the Shroud of Turin back in 2010. I was over in Rome as a visiting scholar, and it was on display unusually for a few weeks.
成千上万的人前来参观。 Thousands and thousands came.
我记得去那里时，你被允许进入大教堂，可以接近裹尸布大约20英尺的距离。 I remember going up there, and you were allowed into the cathedral and able to get within maybe 20 feet of the shroud.
你可以在那个小区域停留五分钟仔细观看，然后你必须离开。 You could stay in that little section for five minutes to look at it closely, and then you had to move out.
但能如此接近这块14英尺长的布料是我一生中最感动的时刻之一，正如你 所知，这块布上标记着一个约30岁被钉十字架男子的正面和背面的图像。 But it was one of the most moving moments of my life to be that close to this 14-foot-long cloth marked, as you know, with the frontal and dorsal images of a crucified man around 30 years of age.
即使用肉眼，你也能看到他手腕和脚上的伤口。 You can see, even with the naked eye, the gashes in his wrists and his feet.
你能看到肋旁的伤口；你能看到血迹和其他表明荆棘冠的迹象。 You can see the wound in the side; you can see blood marks and other indicators of a crown of thorns.
这就是被敬奉为那些门徒所看到的布料的圣物——覆盖基督身体在坟墓中的布料。 This is the relic that is venerated as the cloth that these disciples saw—the cloth that covered the body of Christ in the tomb.
现在，如果你对裹尸布做过任何研究，你就会知道最非凡 的时刻发生在1898年左右，当时它第一次被拍照。 Now, if you've done any research into the shroud, you know the most extraordinary moment happened about 1898 when it was photographed for the first time.
所以，它已经存在了几个世纪，人们看到这些模糊的铁锈色标记。 So, it's been around for centuries, and people have seen these kind of vague rust-colored markings.
但在1898年，它第一次被拍照，摄影师在冲洗照片时无比惊讶地发现，他拍摄的照片的 底片是一幅精美详细的裹尸布上男子的图像——一幅他的脸和受伤身体的精美详细图像。 But in 1898, it's photographed for the first time, and the photographer, to his infinite surprise, as he's developing the photographs, notices that the negative of the photograph he took is an exquisitely detailed image of the man of the shroud—an exquisitely detailed image of his face and of his wounded body.
他意识到我们在裹尸布上看到的不是正像，而是负像。 He realized that what we see on the shroud is not a positive image; it's a negative image.
所以负像的底片产生了这个非凡的正像。 So that a negative of the negative produces this extraordinary positive.
但一旦学者们理解了这点，一旦科学家们在20世纪 70年代开始研究它，他们发现了如此多的细节。 But once the scholars got that, and once the scientists got to it about the 1970s, they discovered so many details.
我提到了伤口，有趣的是伤口在手腕而不是手掌上。 I mentioned the wounds, and it’s interesting how the wounds are in the wrists, not the palm of the hand.
我是说，任何基督教肖像画家都会把伤口画在手掌上，但更 符合现实的是，伤口在手腕处，钉子会被那里的骨头支撑。 I mean, any Christian iconographer would have put the wounds in the palm of the hand, but more realistically, they’re in the wrists where the nail would be supported by the bones there.
但手腕、脚和肋旁的伤口——我提到的荆棘冠——通过更详细的分析，他们可以看到 所有来自鞭打的伤口精确地符合我们所掌握的关于罗马士兵当时使用的鞭子的证据。 But the wounds in the wrists, and the feet, and the side—I mentioned the crown of thorns—but with the more detailed analysis, they can see all the wounds from the scourging correspond precisely to the evidence we have of the scourges that Roman soldiers would have used at that time.
此外，他们发现了花粉和其他生物证据，表明裹 尸布曾在犹太地区，确实是在耶路撒冷地区。 Moreover, they discovered pollen and other biological evidence that show the shroud was in the Judean, indeed Jerusalem, area.
他们甚至在仔细观察时，发现了眼睛上有本丢彼拉多硬币 的残留；他们当时会将硬币放在死去的基督的眼睛上。 They even find, as they look very carefully, a remnant of a coin of Pontius Pilate on the eyes; they would have placed it on the eyes of the dead Christ.
由于这些和许多许多其他原因，人们开始将其视为那些门徒在复活节星期日 早晨所看到的同一块布料，正如我们所听到的，这布料使他们看见并相信。 For these and many, many other reasons, people came to see this as the same cloth that those disciples saw on Easter Sunday morning that led them, as we hear, to see and to believe.
我们可以看到的同一块布料可以引导我们相信。 The same cloth we can see can bring us to belief.
他们说，好吧，假设它确实是很久以前被钉十字架的那个人的图像。 They say, Okay, let’s say it is an image of this man who was crucified long ago.
为什么你认为它是复活的证据？ Why would you think it’s evidence of the Resurrection?
正是这些标记本身困扰了科学家们，至今仍然如此。 It’s the marks themselves that confounded the scientists, and still do.
这些标记是什么？ What are these marks?
它们从何而来？ Where did they come from?
现在通过数小时的科学分析已经非常清楚，你在裹尸布上 看到的标记不是来自颜料；不是来自任何类型的着色。 It's very clear now, from hours and hours of scientific analysis, that the marks you can see on the shroud are not from pigmentation; they're not from any kind of coloration.
它们仅存在于裹尸布纤维的最外表面。 They exist only on the absolute surface of the fibers of the shroud.
任何类型的颜料都会渗入更深处。 Any kind of pigmentation would have gone deeper in.
是什么产生了它们？ What produced them?
最好的猜测——因为顺便说一下，没有人能够复制它；人们已经尝试使用我们 今天所有的科学手段来从一个身体上产生那种非凡的负像，但他们做不到。 The best guess—because no one has been able to reproduce it, by the way; people have tried using all the scientific means we have today to produce that remarkably negative image off of a body, and they can't do it.
研究过裹尸布的科学家们最好的猜测是类似于强烈的放射性爆发—— 一种强烈的放射能量爆发，顺便说一下，是来自身体的各个维度。 The best guess from the scientists who’ve examined the shroud is something like an intense burst of radioactivity—an intense burst of radioactive energy coming, by the way, from all dimensions of the body.
因为裹尸布上铭刻了一种三维性，是在一瞬间同时来自 整个身体的，这种强烈的辐射爆发产生了这些标记。 Because the shroud is inscribed with a kind of three-dimensionality coming from the entirety of the body all at once, in a split second, this intense burst of radiation produced these marks.
好吧，基督徒们点头说，嗯哼，复活的时刻——基督的身体通过圣灵的能力被 带回生命的那一刻——奇妙地在耶稣的裹尸布上留下了表明复活事实的标记。 Well, Christians nod their heads and say, Uh-huh, the moment of the Resurrection—the moment when the body of Christ is brought back, through the power of the Holy Spirit, to life—leaving behind, wonderfully, on the burial garment of Jesus, marks that indicate the fact of the Resurrection.
他们看见，就信了。 They saw, and they believed.
这不是很神奇吗，各位？ Isn’t it kind of amazing, everybody?
考虑到裹尸布从耶路撒冷出发，经过欧洲和亚洲的许多不 同地区，最终到达都灵的漫长历史，这真是一种奇迹。 It's kind of a miracle, given the long history of the shroud as it made its way from Jerusalem and through a number of different parts of Europe, and Asia too, how it finally made its way to Turin.
最终，它来到了我们这个时代，我们也可以亲眼看它，看见并相信。 Finally, it comes to our present age where we too can look at it with our own eyes and see and believe.
我之前对你们说过，但当我成长的那个年代，人们倾向于把复活简化为一个象征。 I said this before to you, but when I was coming of age, there was a tendency to reduce the Resurrection to a symbol.
它只不过是死而复生的神明神话的又一个版本。 It was one more iteration of the myth of the dying and rising God.
它是一种文学手法，用来表达耶稣的事业继续下去的事实。 It was a literary device to express the fact that Jesus' cause goes on.
它是一种表达门徒持续信仰和他所教导的内容等的方式。即使在我 年轻时接受这些说法时，我也在想，如果仅仅如此，谁会在意呢？ It was a way of speaking of the disciples' ongoing faith and what he taught, etc. Even when I was taking all that in as a young guy, I thought, if that's all it is, who cares?
我是说，如果仅仅如此，我可以指向古代世界的任何一位鼓舞人心的人物说，嗯， 你知道，他的思想继续存在，他的启发持续影响，所以，哇，他也从死里复活了！ I mean, if that's all it is, I can point to any inspiring figure from the ancient world and say, Well, you know, his thought goes on, and his inspiration continues, so boy, oh boy, he’s raised from the dead too!
但那不是他们所宣称的。 But that’s not what they’re claiming.
那绝不是他们所宣称的。 That is not what they’re claiming.
再想想格雷厄姆·格林，生动地记忆那个早晨——彼得和约翰奔向坟墓的那个早晨。 Think again of Graham Greene, remembering vividly that morning—that morning when Peter and John raced to the tomb.
我们谈论的不是一个模糊的神话。 That's not a vague myth we’re talking about.
那不是传说和象征之类的东西——那是一个被生动记忆的时刻。 That's not legend and symbol and all that—that's a vividly remembered moment.
他们看进那坟墓，期望看到耶稣的身体，但身体不在那里。 They look into that tomb, and they're expecting to see the body of Jesus, but the body is not there.
但有这些特殊的——然后你会想，当他们更仔细地看它们时——这些奇 特而奇妙的裹尸布，无论如何，打开了通往他们对复活信仰的大门。 But there are these peculiar—and then you wonder, as they looked more carefully at them—these strange and wonderful burial cloths that opened the door, anyway, to their belief in the Resurrection.
我想知道今天，你知道，我们生活在一个怀疑的时代。 I wonder today, you know, we live in a skeptical time.
我理解，尤其是关于基督教的声明，这些是历史性的声明。 I get it, especially in regard to the claims of Christianity, which are historical claims.
所以它们很难独立验证；你必须回到这些文本。 So they're hard to verify independently; you have to go back to these texts.
我理解人们持怀疑态度。 I understand people are skeptical.
也许查一查都灵裹尸布，上网，或者找一些它的图像并读一点关于它的资料。 Maybe look up the Shroud of Turin, go on the web, or find some images of it and read a bit about it.
我认为那些很久以前打开信仰之门的同样的裹尸布，今天 也许能做同样的事情，并引导我们进入复活基督的真理。 I think the same burial cloths that opened the door to faith long ago could perhaps do the same thing today and lead us then into the truth of the risen Christ.
我们上周听到，你知道，那百夫长说：「这人真是神的儿子。」 We heard last week, you know, the centurion: Truly, this man is the Son of God.
什么证实了耶稣关于自己的宣称？ What ratified Jesus' claims about himself?
他的复活——他身体从死里的复活。 His Resurrection—his bodily Resurrection from the dead.
当他们看到那个，他们知道他确实是他所说的那位。 When they saw that, they knew he was who he said he was.
愿那些同样的裹尸布今天引导我们拥有同样的信心。 May those same burial cloths lead us today to that same faith.
神祝福你们所有人，复活节快乐！ God bless you all, and happy Easter!