- start: 10.074
  end: 11.254
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Welcome back to Shameless Popery.
  zh: 欢迎回到无耻教皇党。
- start: 11.254
  end: 12.615
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I'm Joe Heschmeyer.
  zh: 我是乔·赫施迈尔。
- start: 12.735
  end: 19.198
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So today I want to defend a maybe controversial claim that Christianity cannot exist without the Eucharist.
  zh: 今天我想为一个可能有争议的观点辩护，即基督教若没有圣餐便无法存在。
- start: 19.759
  end: 25.942
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And I'll explain what I mean kind of as I'm going, but in a real sense it's that the Eucharist is what holds Christianity together.
  zh: 我会在过程中解释我的意思，但实际上，圣餐是维系基督教的关键。
- start: 25.942
  end: 29.143
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's the glue that makes the rest of Christianity make sense.
  zh: 它是使基督教其他部分有意义的粘合剂。
- start: 29.361
  end: 34.168
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And that if you don't understand this, you're missing something really vital about Christianity.
  zh: 如果你不明白这一点，你就错过了基督教中非常重要的东西。
- start: 34.168
  end: 39.235
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You're not just missing like one doctrine, you're missing something much deeper than that.
  zh: 你不仅仅是错过了一条教义，而是错过了更深层次的东西。
- start: 39.396
  end: 44.003
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But before I get there, I have some exciting and related news.
  zh: 但在此之前，我有一些令人兴奋的相关消息。
- start: 46.748
  end: 51.912
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So my newest book called The Eucharist Is Really Jesus is coming out.
  zh: 我的新书《圣餐真的是耶稣》即将出版。
- start: 52.212
  end: 55.875
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: The subtitle is How Christ's Body and Blood Are the Key to Everything We Believe.
  zh: 副标题是「基督的身体和血是我们信仰一切的关键」。
- start: 55.875
  end: 60.598
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So you can probably imagine how that's going to be tied into the theme of today's episode.
  zh: 你可以想象这将如何与今天节目的主题联系在一起。
- start: 60.898
  end: 62.86
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But in the book, I explore several different questions.
  zh: 在书中，我探讨了几个不同的问题。
- start: 62.86
  end: 67.363
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Things like what do Catholics believe about the Eucharist and why?
  zh: 例如，天主教徒对圣餐的信仰是什么，为什么？
- start: 67.703
  end: 70.905
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: What's the connection between the Eucharist and the covenant?
  zh: 圣餐与约之间有什么联系？
- start: 70.905
  end: 74.768
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You know, the new covenant, especially the idea of covenant more broadly.
  zh: 你知道，新约，尤其是更广泛的约的概念。
- start: 75.35
  end: 81.712
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: How does the Eucharist make sense of the bloody nature of the cross and of Old Testament sacrifices?
  zh: 圣餐如何解释十字架的血腥性质和旧约的祭祀？
- start: 82.133
  end: 84.934
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: What is worship for a Christian anyhow?
  zh: 基督徒的敬拜究竟是什么？
- start: 85.414
  end: 89.136
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And then how can I incorporate a greater love of the Eucharist in my own spiritual life?
  zh: 然后，我如何在自己的灵性生活中融入对圣餐更大的爱？
- start: 89.136
  end: 97.439
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So just to give a little bit of shameless self-promotion here, a lot of good books exist that answer that first question.
  zh: 在这里稍作无耻的自我宣传，很多好书都回答了第一个问题。
- start: 97.439
  end: 100.38
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: What do Catholics believe about the Eucharist and why?
  zh: 天主教徒对圣餐的信仰是什么，为什么？
- start: 100.769
  end: 103.45
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And it's important in a book on the Eucharist to do that work.
  zh: 在一本关于圣餐的书中，做这项工作是很重要的。
- start: 103.45
  end: 116.473
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But I want to do something different that I don't see other books doing, which is show how all of these seemingly unrelated doctrines, these seemingly unrelated themes, are actually united in the Eucharist.
  zh: 但我想做一些不同的事情，我没有看到其他书籍在做的，就是展示这些看似无关的教义，这些看似无关的主题，实际上在圣餐中是如何统一的。
- start: 116.473
  end: 123.215
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: The Second Vatican Council refers to the Eucharistic sacrifice as both the source and the summit of the Christian faith.
  zh: 梵蒂冈第二次大公会议称圣餐祭献为基督信仰的源头和顶峰。
- start: 123.735
  end: 126.956
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Source of the Christian faith, you don't have Christianity without the Eucharist.
  zh: 基督信仰的源头，没有圣餐就没有基督教。
- start: 126.956
  end: 128.756
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That's very much the theme of today.
  zh: 这正是今天的主题。
- start: 129.042
  end: 136.428
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Also the summit, the high point, that everything flows from the Eucharist, as well as the Eucharist being the high point of Christianity.
  zh: 也是顶峰，最高点，一切都从圣餐流出，圣餐也是基督教的最高点。
- start: 136.629
  end: 140.212
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So if those two things are true, we talk a fair amount about the Eucharist being the summit.
  zh: 如果这两点都是真的，我们就会大量谈论圣餐是顶峰。
- start: 140.212
  end: 141.253
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: This is a big issue.
  zh: 这是一个大问题。
- start: 141.253
  end: 142.374
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's the biggest issue.
  zh: 这是最大的问题。
- start: 142.374
  end: 145.636
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You know, we can disagree on other things, but this is a really important one.
  zh: 你知道，我们可以在其他事情上有分歧，但这是一个非常重要的问题。
- start: 146.237
  end: 151.762
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But then the idea of the Eucharist actually is the source of covenant theology.
  zh: 然而，圣餐的观念实际上是约神学的源头。
- start: 151.762
  end: 153.644
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's the source of morality.
  zh: 它是道德的源头。
- start: 153.644
  end: 155.345
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's the source of all these other things.
  zh: 它是所有这些其他事物的源头。
- start: 155.703
  end: 157.624
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: A lot of people would say, what in the world are you talking about?
  zh: 很多人会说，你到底在说什么？
- start: 157.624
  end: 161.045
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Well, hopefully in this book, it'll make a little more sense.
  zh: 希望在这本书中，这会更有意义。
- start: 161.045
  end: 165.107
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So if that sounds interesting to you, I encourage you to check it out.
  zh: 如果这听起来对你有趣，我鼓励你去看看。
- start: 165.247
  end: 171.23
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: If you're watching this the day this comes out on Thursday, it'll be out in four days on Monday.
  zh: 如果你是在周四这天看到这个视频，它将在四天后的周一发布。
- start: 171.517
  end: 175.58
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: If you're watching this basically any time after it first comes out, it'll be out.
  zh: 如果你是在它首次发布后任何时间观看，它已经发布了。
- start: 175.58
  end: 177.001
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It probably already is out.
  zh: 它可能已经发布了。
- start: 177.001
  end: 179.583
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So, you can get it in the links below.
  zh: 所以，你可以在下面的链接中找到它。
- start: 179.583
  end: 183.305
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You can get it on Amazon, shop.catholic.com,
  zh: 你可以在亚马逊，shop.catholic.com上找到它，
- start: 183.305
  end: 185.147
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: which is the Catholic Answers Bookstore.
  zh: 这是天主教答疑书店。
- start: 185.147
  end: 194.293
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: If you want to do bulk deals, I know there's like really good deals if you get like 20 for like your parish or, you know, if you're in like a men's group or women's group, a Bible study, whatever.
  zh: 如果你想批量购买，我知道如果你为你的堂区购买20本，或者你在一个男士小组或女士小组，圣经学习小组等，会有很好的优惠。
- start: 194.614
  end: 197.795
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: All of those things hopefully are good and helpful.
  zh: 希望所有这些事情都是好的和有帮助的。
- start: 198.636
  end: 199.737
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But, okay.
  zh: 但是，好吧。
- start: 200.183
  end: 201.324
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I have to plug that, right?
  zh: 我必须宣传一下，对吧？
- start: 201.324
  end: 207.348
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I can't have a book on the Eucharist come out, do a theme episode on the Eucharist and not mention that.
  zh: 我不能在一本关于圣餐的书出版时，做一个关于圣餐的主题节目而不提到它。
- start: 207.588
  end: 218.656
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: In fact, this week and next week, I'm going to be exploring some themes that I touch on in the book and just taking a couple of the chapters and then sort of turning them into episodes.
  zh: 事实上，这周和下周，我将探讨一些我在书中涉及的主题，并从中选取几个章节，将其转化为节目。
- start: 218.756
  end: 223.9
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: This is not going to cover everything in that chapter, and this is not going to cover by any means everything in the book.
  zh: 这不会涵盖该章节中的所有内容，也不会涵盖书中的所有内容。
- start: 223.9
  end: 229.464
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So if this strikes your interest and you say, I'd like to hear more about that, I know what place you can go.
  zh: 所以，如果这引起了你的兴趣，你说，我想听更多关于这方面的内容，我知道你可以去哪里。
- start: 230.06
  end: 237.067
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: All right, so with that said, how do we defend the claim that the Eucharist is key to Christianity?
  zh: 好了，既然如此，我们如何为圣餐是基督教关键这一主张辩护呢？
- start: 237.067
  end: 238.388
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And I want to do it in two points.
  zh: 我想从两点来说明。
- start: 238.388
  end: 243.712
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: The first point is just that the New Covenant is essential to Christianity.
  zh: 第一点是，新约对基督教至关重要。
- start: 244.093
  end: 247.536
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That if you don't understand the New Covenant, you don't understand Christianity.
  zh: 如果你不理解新约，你就不理解基督教。
- start: 247.536
  end: 249.138
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I mean, that doesn't mean you understand nothing.
  zh: 我的意思是，这并不意味着你什么都不懂。
- start: 249.138
  end: 251.86
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It just means you don't understand what Christianity is.
  zh: 这只是意味着你不明白基督教是什么。
- start: 253.115
  end: 256.798
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I hope that doesn't sound too harsh, but it really is that important.
  zh: 我希望这听起来不会太苛刻，但它确实如此重要。
- start: 256.798
  end: 261.46
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And we can show that in a pretty simple way by asking, what is the New Testament?
  zh: 我们可以通过一个相当简单的问题来展示这一点，那就是，新约是什么？
- start: 262.341
  end: 270.767
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Now, if I asked you this, chances are you would not incorrectly say something like the following.
  zh: 现在，如果我问你这个问题，你很可能不会错误地说出如下内容。
- start: 270.967
  end: 273.189
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Well, it's a book or it's a part of a book.
  zh: 嗯，它是一本书，或者是一本书的一部分。
- start: 273.189
  end: 274.129
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's half of the Bible.
  zh: 它是圣经的一半。
- start: 274.129
  end: 276.171
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You have the Old Testament, you have the New Testament.
  zh: 你有旧约，你有新约。
- start: 276.171
  end: 282.595
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Or it's 27 books that are put together as one sort of book within a broader book.
  zh: 或者说，它是27本书，合在一起成为一本更大书中的一部分。
- start: 283.081
  end: 284.461
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's confusing, right?
  zh: 这很令人困惑，对吧？
- start: 284.562
  end: 287.783
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But we'd be thinking in terms of texts.
  zh: 但我们会从文本的角度来思考。
- start: 287.783
  end: 290.844
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts, and so on.
  zh: 马太、马可、路加、约翰、使徒行传，等等。
- start: 292.384
  end: 295.785
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But that's not what the word Testament actually means.
  zh: 但「约」这个词实际上并不是这个意思。
- start: 296.486
  end: 308.13
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And strikingly, even though we as Christians refer to the Old Testament and the New Testament, Scripture never calls either set of books the Old Testament or the New Testament.
  zh: 令人惊讶的是，尽管我们基督徒称之为旧约和新约，圣经从未称这两组书为旧约或新约。
- start: 308.638
  end: 314.322
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So where is this word Testament coming from, and why do we use it to describe these books?
  zh: 那么，「约」这个词从何而来，我们为什么用它来描述这些书？
- start: 314.382
  end: 321.968
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Well, Testament comes from the Latin Testamentum, which was a translation of the Greek word for covenant.
  zh: 「约」来自拉丁文Testamentum，是希腊文「约」的翻译。
- start: 322.448
  end: 330.094
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And so, calling these books the New Testament are calling them the books of the New Covenant.
  zh: 因此，称这些书为新约，就是称它们为新约的书。
- start: 331.075
  end: 341.688
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And as Pope Benedict, before becoming Pope, points out in a book entitled Many Religions, One Covenant,  He says, we call the slim volume that forms the basis of the Christian faith the New Testament.
  zh: 正如本笃教宗在成为教宗之前在《多宗教，一约》中指出的那样，他说，我们称构成基督信仰基础的薄卷为新约。
- start: 341.688
  end: 346.371
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And he says this word isn't imposed on the Scriptures, we actually find it in Scripture.
  zh: 他说，这个词不是强加于圣经的，我们实际上在圣经中找到了它。
- start: 347.432
  end: 351.695
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But nevertheless, the early Christians apply this term to the books.
  zh: 然而，早期基督徒将这个词应用于这些书。
- start: 351.695
  end: 352.175
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And he says, why?
  zh: 他说，为什么？
- start: 352.175
  end: 364.083
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: He says, well, this very word Testament is, in a way, an attempt to utter the essence of Christianity in a single summary expression, which is itself drawn from this fundamental source.
  zh: 他说，这个词「约」在某种程度上是试图用一个总结性的表达来陈述基督教的本质，而这个表达本身就来自这个基本来源。
- start: 364.083
  end: 370.874
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: In other words, the early Christians  We're forced to say, what are we going to call these 27 books?
  zh: 换句话说，早期基督徒被迫说，我们要如何称呼这27本书？
- start: 370.874
  end: 372.935
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Because Scripture often just calls it Scripture.
  zh: 因为圣经通常只是称其为圣经。
- start: 372.935
  end: 374.716
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Now, Scripture just means writings.
  zh: 现在，圣经只是意味着著作。
- start: 375.637
  end: 377.478
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So we could just say, oh yeah, the book.
  zh: 所以我们可以说，哦，是的，那本书。
- start: 377.478
  end: 378.858
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And sometimes people do.
  zh: 有时人们确实这样说。
- start: 379.239
  end: 380.86
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: The book or the good book.
  zh: 那本书或好书。
- start: 381.08
  end: 395.369
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But if you want a term so people know which book you're talking about, it's helpful to have a term like Bible or Scripture or, more specifically, New Testament.
  zh: 但如果你想要一个术语让人们知道你在谈论哪本书，像圣经或圣经书卷，或更具体的新约这样的术语是有帮助的。
- start: 396.283
  end: 403.787
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So thematically, the early Christians were saying, this is the story of God creating a new covenant with his people.
  zh: 所以，从主题上看，早期基督徒在说，这是神与他的子民立新约的故事。
- start: 404.588
  end: 410.731
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And there are different ways, slightly different ways you'll hear this worded, you know, that it's one covenant in two expressions.
  zh: 你会听到不同的说法，稍有不同的说法，你知道，这是一个约的两种表达。
- start: 410.731
  end: 416.194
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: First in the old expression, the old covenant, now in a new expression, a new covenant.
  zh: 首先是旧的表达，旧约，现在是新的表达，新约。
- start: 416.274
  end: 417.215
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And that's one way.
  zh: 这是一种方式。
- start: 417.215
  end: 420.957
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Another way is to say that he's created a new covenant with his people.
  zh: 另一种方式是说他与他的子民立了新约。
- start: 422.138
  end: 426.732
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That I think is  Subtitles by the Amara.org
  zh: 我认为这是由Amara.org字幕组制作的字幕
- start: 426.833
  end: 455.885
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: community  I know many Protestants watch this show, and you might say, well, yeah, Cardinal Ratzinger doesn't carry magisterial weight with me.
  zh: 社区 我知道很多新教徒观看这个节目，你可能会说，是的，拉青格枢机对我没有训导权的分量。
- start: 455.885
  end: 456.686
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Fair enough.
  zh: 这很合理。
- start: 456.686
  end: 458.387
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: This isn't a magisterial writing.
  zh: 这不是一篇训导权的著作。
- start: 459.748
  end: 464.531
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And maybe you say, I think the early Christians are perfectly capable of getting major things wrong.
  zh: 也许你会说，我认为早期基督徒完全有可能在重大问题上出错。
- start: 464.531
  end: 465.551
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Fair enough.
  zh: 这很合理。
- start: 465.732
  end: 475.758
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Nevertheless, this is something that, as Ratzinger points out, is being drawn from the way the New Testament talks about what's going on in Christianity.
  zh: 然而，正如拉青格指出的，这取自新约中关于基督教发生的事情的描述。
- start: 475.758
  end: 481.152
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So it's true, there's no point where it says,  These books shall be called the New Testament.
  zh: 确实，没有地方说这些书应被称为新约。
- start: 481.192
  end: 482.813
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But you do have things like this.
  zh: 但你确实有这样的事情。
- start: 482.913
  end: 492.96
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: In 2 Corinthians 3, St. Paul talks about how God has qualified us to be ministers of a new covenant, not in a written code, but in the Spirit.
  zh: 在哥林多后书三章，圣保罗谈到神使我们能承当新约的执事，不是凭着字句，而是凭着圣灵。
- start: 493.181
  end: 504.669
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So there's a clear sense that what is new here is a new covenant, or if you want to put it that way, a New Testament, and that these are ministers of the New Covenant, ministers of the New Testament.
  zh: 所以这里有一个明确的意思，就是新的东西是新约，或者你想这样说，新约书卷，而这些是新约的执事，新约书卷的执事。
- start: 505.8
  end: 509.103
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: There are a lot of Protestants who actually agree with everything I've said so far.
  zh: 有很多新教徒实际上同意我迄今为止所说的一切。
- start: 509.664
  end: 516.651
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Particularly within Reformed theology, sometimes called Calvinism, you'll find this very much stressed and hammered home.
  zh: 特别是在改革宗神学中，有时称为加尔文主义，你会发现这一点被非常强调和反复强调。
- start: 516.651
  end: 523.098
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And we would agree, I would say, about 80-90% of the way with what you'll find Reformed theologians saying.
  zh: 我会说，我们大约80-90%同意你会发现改革宗神学家所说的内容。
- start: 523.118
  end: 525.26
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So, to give a couple happy examples.
  zh: 所以，举几个愉快的例子。
- start: 525.658
  end: 542.71
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: The 19th century Baptist preacher Charles Spurgeon has a sermon called Not Sufficient and Yet Sufficient, in which he's talking about that passage we just heard from 2 Corinthians 3. And in it, he said, we'll see how Paul puts it, we're sufficient ministers of a new covenant.
  zh: 19世纪的浸信会传道人查尔斯·司布真有一篇名为《不够但足够》的讲道，其中他谈到了我们刚刚听到的哥林多后书三章中的那段经文。在其中，他说，我们会看到保罗是如何说的，我们是新约的足够执事。
- start: 542.71
  end: 547.533
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And then he laments, in some congregations, people never hear the word covenant.
  zh: 然后他感叹，在一些会众中，人们从未听到「约」这个词。
- start: 548.014
  end: 551.936
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And yet he that understands the two covenants has the key of theology.
  zh: 然而，理解这两个约的人拥有神学的钥匙。
- start: 552.242
  end: 557.504
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: The covenants are the diamond hinges on which the golden doors of grace are made to turn.
  zh: 这些约是使恩典的金门转动的钻石铰链。
- start: 559.025
  end: 561.986
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So, getting the covenant right is really critical.
  zh: 所以，正确理解约是非常关键的。
- start: 561.986
  end: 569.228
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That's what Ratzinger says, it's what the early Christians clearly believed, it's what you find these Protestant theologians and preachers saying as well.
  zh: 这就是拉青格所说的，也是早期基督徒明确相信的，也是你会发现这些新教神学家和传道人所说的。
- start: 569.468
  end: 575.21
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And that might raise for many of us a question, where we say, okay, well then, what is a covenant?
  zh: 这可能会引发我们许多人一个问题，我们会说，好吧，那么，什么是约？
- start: 575.731
  end: 581.713
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Because how do I know if I understand the covenant correctly if maybe I'm not familiar with even what a covenant is?
  zh: 因为如果我甚至不熟悉约是什么，我怎么知道我是否正确理解了约？
- start: 582.361
  end: 583.522
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Good question.
  zh: 好问题。
- start: 584.323
  end: 587.085
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I'm going to get a little bit in the weeds here, but not for long.
  zh: 我将在这里稍微深入一点，但不会太久。
- start: 588.066
  end: 590.487
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Broadly speaking, you're going to find two groups.
  zh: 广泛来说，你会发现两组人。
- start: 590.588
  end: 603.278
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You're going to find theologians that say that the Hebrew word for covenant, like berith, stands for the relationship between two parties, between two people, between two nations, between God and his people.
  zh: 你会发现有神学家说希伯来文中的「约」，如berith，代表两方之间的关系，两个人之间的关系，两个国家之间的关系，神与他的子民之间的关系。
- start: 603.955
  end: 607.397
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And that's one theory, that it is the relationship itself.
  zh: 这是一种理论，即它是关系本身。
- start: 607.458
  end: 622.969
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: The other theory is, and the one that Gert Kwakel, the Dutch Old Testament scholar that I quote in the book, argues for, is that it's better to say that it denotes the agreement or convention that's at the base of a relationship and regulates it.
  zh: 另一种理论是，我在书中引用的荷兰旧约学者格特·夸克尔所主张的，即更好地说它表示的是关系基础上的协议或惯例，并对其进行规范。
- start: 622.969
  end: 626.851
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: If that sounds really weird and nuanced, let me give an example.
  zh: 如果这听起来很奇怪且微妙，让我举个例子。
- start: 627.852
  end: 637.871
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Is your marriage  The whole relationship you have with your spouse, or is your marriage the agreement that you make at the altar?
  zh: 你的婚姻是你与配偶的整个关系，还是你在祭坛上达成的协议？
- start: 638.812
  end: 641.653
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And I think most people say, well, sort of both.
  zh: 我想大多数人会说，嗯，两者都有。
- start: 642.073
  end: 644.314
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Like you can say, well, this is when I entered into my marriage.
  zh: 比如你可以说，这就是我进入婚姻的时候。
- start: 644.314
  end: 646.235
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I already had a relationship.
  zh: 我已经有了一段关系。
- start: 646.235
  end: 651.437
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Now it's in a new key, you know, and something has happened.
  zh: 现在它进入了一个新的阶段，你知道，发生了一些事情。
- start: 651.538
  end: 660.525
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And now if I were to describe my relationship with my wife,  And not mention she's my wife, I would not be describing my relationship with my wife adequately.
  zh: 如果我现在描述我与妻子的关系，而不提她是我的妻子，我就无法充分描述我与妻子的关系。
- start: 661.505
  end: 671.87
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And to understand my relationship with my wife, I need to know that we have this agreement before God, something beyond a contract.
  zh: 要理解我与妻子的关系，我需要知道我们在神面前有这个协议，这超越了合同。
- start: 672.551
  end: 677.674
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: What makes this analogy difficult is marriage actually is a covenant, so it's not really an analogy at all.
  zh: 这个比喻之所以困难，是因为婚姻实际上是一个约，所以这根本不是一个比喻。
- start: 677.674
  end: 682.416
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's just saying, okay, take the concrete case of a marriage covenant.
  zh: 这只是说，好吧，拿婚约这个具体例子来说。
- start: 682.606
  end: 687.19
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Is that the contract-looking thing you did on your wedding day?
  zh: 那是你在婚礼当天做的看似合同的事情吗？
- start: 687.45
  end: 689.192
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Is that the whole relationship you had?
  zh: 那是你拥有的整个关系吗？
- start: 689.192
  end: 690.793
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Or is it sort of both?
  zh: 还是两者都有？
- start: 691.093
  end: 700.3
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And so he's going to say it's the agreement or the convention that A, is at the base of your relationship, and B, regulates your relationship.
  zh: 所以他会说，这是一个协议或惯例，A，是你关系的基础，B，规范你的关系。
- start: 700.501
  end: 705.756
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That this actually has  Quasi-independent standing.
  zh: 这实际上具有准独立的地位。
- start: 705.756
  end: 712.998
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And a good way to test that is you can imagine something where a couple says, you know what, let's have, you know, people have like an open marriage.
  zh: 一个很好的测试方法是，你可以想象一对夫妇说，你知道吗，让我们有一个开放的婚姻。
- start: 712.998
  end: 716.179
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Let's both violate our marriage vows, consensually.
  zh: 让我们双方同意违反我们的婚姻誓言。
- start: 716.179
  end: 729.104
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Well, maybe you can't point to something between the parties because the parties agreed to it, but nevertheless, there's still a mutual violation of this quasi-independent thing, the covenant that you've entered into together.
  zh: 也许你不能指出双方之间的某些东西，因为双方同意了，但无论如何，这仍然是对你们共同进入的这个准独立事物，即约的相互违反。
- start: 729.704
  end: 730.825
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Okay, hopefully that makes sense.
  zh: 好吧，希望这有意义。
- start: 730.825
  end: 741.665
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I know it's kind of a  Maybe a weird example, but thinking about marriage could help in terms of thinking about the covenant between God and his people.
  zh: 我知道这可能是一个奇怪的例子，但思考婚姻可能有助于思考神与他的子民之间的约。
- start: 743.006
  end: 752.232
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Okay, the other one I want to look at in terms of answering the what is a covenant is a Reformed theologian by the name of J.I. Packer, who has a great introduction.
  zh: 好吧，另一个我想看的关于回答什么是约的是一位名叫J.I. Packer的改革宗神学家，他有一个很好的介绍。
- start: 752.232
  end: 757.896
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I'm going to agree with it again, like 80-90%. A great introduction called On Covenant Theology.
  zh: 我将再次同意，大约80-90%。一个名为《论约神学》的伟大介绍。
- start: 757.896
  end: 762.919
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's actually an introduction he wrote to a reprint of an older Reformed theologian's book.
  zh: 这实际上是他为一本旧改革宗神学家的书的再版写的介绍。
- start: 763.709
  end: 772.595
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And he describes it as the covenant, as the life-embracing bedrock reality of the covenant relationship between the Creator and Christians.
  zh: 他将其描述为约，作为创造者与基督徒之间约关系的包罗万象的基石现实。
- start: 773.936
  end: 779.94
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And he says a covenant relationship is a voluntary mutual commitment that binds each party to the other.
  zh: 他说，约关系是一种自愿的相互承诺，将每一方与另一方联系在一起。
- start: 780.941
  end: 782.863
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And then he points out you can enter this into a couple ways.
  zh: 然后他指出，你可以通过几种方式进入这种关系。
- start: 782.863
  end: 787.826
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You can have a negotiated one, you know, a business merger, say.
  zh: 你可以有一个协商的，比如说，商业合并。
- start: 788.371
  end: 789.432
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Or a marriage contract.
  zh: 或者婚姻合同。
- start: 789.432
  end: 791.335
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Or you can have something unilaterally imposed.
  zh: 或者你可以有一些单方面强加的东西。
- start: 791.335
  end: 793.157
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: He points out all of God's covenants.
  zh: 他指出神的所有约。
- start: 793.157
  end: 798.723
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You know, God doesn't say, you bring your best lawyer, I'll bring my best lawyer, we'll hammer something out.
  zh: 你知道，神不会说，你带上你最好的律师，我带上我最好的律师，我们来敲定一些东西。
- start: 798.723
  end: 804.069
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: God introduces the covenant to the people, saying, here's what you're going to do, here's what I'm going to give you in return.
  zh: 神向人们介绍约，说，这是你要做的，这是我将给你的回报。
- start: 804.494
  end: 805.475
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That's a covenant.
  zh: 这就是约。
- start: 805.475
  end: 807.535
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But you can have a unilateral, you can have a bilateral.
  zh: 但你可以有单方面的，也可以有双方面的。
- start: 807.535
  end: 811.337
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: If you really want to get in the weeds, there's different forms of covenant.
  zh: 如果你真的想深入探讨，约有不同的形式。
- start: 811.417
  end: 816.38
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So in the ancient world, like a stronger nation might impose a covenant on weaker nations.
  zh: 所以在古代世界，像一个强国可能会对弱国施加一个约。
- start: 816.38
  end: 822.302
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Nevertheless, it's the terms of the relationship.
  zh: 然而，它是关系的条款。
- start: 824.684
  end: 825.884
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Packer goes on.
  zh: 帕克继续说道。
- start: 826.084
  end: 833.968
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: The reality of the relationship depends simply on the fact that mutual obligations have been accepted and pledged on both sides.
  zh: 关系的现实仅仅取决于双方接受并承诺了相互的义务。
- start: 834.659
  end: 842.945
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So I hope it's clear that covenant sounds very legal and technical, but it is deeply relational.
  zh: 所以我希望很清楚，约听起来非常法律化和技术化，但它是深刻的关系性的。
- start: 843.386
  end: 845.668
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And this is something that scholars point out.
  zh: 这是学者们指出的。
- start: 845.668
  end: 859.299
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So, for instance, Samuel Ferguson, in his book, The Spirit and Relational Anthropology and Paul, makes the point that the paradigm of the covenant, which is central to Israel's self-understanding, as well as to St. Paul's background, is inherently relational.
  zh: 例如，塞缪尔·弗格森在他的书《圣灵与关系人类学与保罗》中指出，约的范式是以色列自我理解的核心，也是圣保罗背景的核心，本质上是关系性的。
- start: 859.611
  end: 865.616
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That it would be a mistake to put covenant over here and relationship over there, or try to juxtapose the two.
  zh: 将约放在这里，将关系放在那里，或试图并列两者，是一个错误。
- start: 865.616
  end: 874.802
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: In the same way that it would be a mistake to put your relationship with your spouse as something that's independent of your covenant relation with one another.
  zh: 同样地，将你与配偶的关系视为独立于你们之间的约关系之外的东西也是一个错误。
- start: 875.964
  end: 880.987
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Okay, the last point I want to raise here is from Scott Hahn, because I love the way he describes this.
  zh: 好吧，我想在这里提出的最后一点是来自斯科特·哈恩，因为我喜欢他描述这个的方式。
- start: 881.648
  end: 889.594
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: He says contracts usually exchange property, goods, and services, but covenants exchange persons.
  zh: 他说，合同通常交换财产、货物和服务，但约交换的是人。
- start: 890.55
  end: 895.353
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I think that's a very helpful way of understanding the difference between a covenant and a contract.
  zh: 我认为这是理解约与合同之间区别的一个非常有帮助的方式。
- start: 895.853
  end: 904.699
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: A contract says, I will do this for you, you will do that for me, where a covenant says something closer to, I am yours, you are mine.
  zh: 合同说，我会为你做这个，你会为我做那个，而约说的是更接近于「我是你的，你是我的」。
- start: 905.7
  end: 916.486
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Now, we can quibble with all of these kind of attempts at defining it, because again, you can have stronger nations imposing covenants on weaker ones.
  zh: 现在，我们可以对所有这些定义尝试进行争论，因为再次，你可以有强国对弱国施加约。
- start: 916.644
  end: 923.911
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But it's still, even in those cases, it's something deeper than just, here's a contract, we're going to send you iron, you're going to send us timber.
  zh: 但即使在那些情况下，它仍然是比「这是一个合同，我们将给你送铁，你将给我们送木材」更深刻的东西。
- start: 923.911
  end: 929.295
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's something deeper and richer than that, about defining the relationship between the parties.
  zh: 它是关于定义双方关系的更深刻和丰富的东西。
- start: 930.156
  end: 940.145
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So there's something inherently relational about a covenant, and I like this description because he points out marriage and adoption both have these covenantal aspects to them.
  zh: 所以约本质上是关系性的，我喜欢这个描述，因为他指出婚姻和收养都具有这些约的方面。
- start: 941.226
  end: 943.408
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: They are an exchange of persons.
  zh: 它们是人的交换。
- start: 944.398
  end: 949.541
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: If you want maybe a helpful example, I've stolen this from Focus Missionaries.
  zh: 如果你想要一个有帮助的例子，我从Focus传教士那里偷来的。
- start: 949.541
  end: 951.103
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: They probably sold it from somewhere else.
  zh: 他们可能从别处得来的。
- start: 951.103
  end: 952.043
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I don't know.
  zh: 我不知道。
- start: 952.543
  end: 956.025
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And they give the example of a family living on a block.
  zh: 他们举了一个住在街区上的家庭的例子。
- start: 956.246
  end: 961.469
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: If you are a son of your father, you might be expected to mow the lawn.
  zh: 如果你是你父亲的儿子，你可能会被期望去割草坪。
- start: 962.41
  end: 964.771
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So there's some work that has to be done.
  zh: 所以有一些工作必须要做。
- start: 965.052
  end: 969.474
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But that work doesn't create your relationship.
  zh: 但那项工作并不创造你的关系。
- start: 970.275
  end: 975.92
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And your relationship is deeper than  You mow the lawn for me, I go to work for you.
  zh: 而你的关系比「你为我割草，我为你工作」更深刻。
- start: 976.181
  end: 977.941
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It better be, right?
  zh: 应该是这样，对吧？
- start: 978.622
  end: 983.484
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And so the neighbor kid might come over and say, this week, could I mow the lawn?
  zh: 所以邻居家的孩子可能会过来说，这周我可以割草吗？
- start: 984.185
  end: 985.806
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I'd like to earn some extra money.
  zh: 我想赚点外快。
- start: 986.166
  end: 986.946
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Okay.
  zh: 好的。
- start: 987.427
  end: 988.787
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You can come over and mow the lawn.
  zh: 你可以过来割草坪。
- start: 989.488
  end: 991.128
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That's a contract.
  zh: 那是一个合同。
- start: 991.289
  end: 993.19
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I'll give you this money if you mow the lawn.
  zh: 如果你割草坪，我会给你这笔钱。
- start: 993.29
  end: 1001.034
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But what you have with your child or between father and son there, that's covenantal, even though both of them involve mowing the lawn.
  zh: 但你与孩子或父子之间的关系是约的，即使两者都涉及割草坪。
- start: 1001.098
  end: 1004.46
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: There's something deeper going on, and it has to do with the exchange of persons.
  zh: 有更深层次的东西在进行，这与人的交换有关。
- start: 1004.46
  end: 1008.442
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And we're going to return to that motif, I think, in a little bit.
  zh: 我想，我们稍后会回到这个主题。
- start: 1008.582
  end: 1023.509
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But it's important to get this idea that covenant means, in our context, God's relationship with his people and the terms of God's relationship with his people, the promises God's making about his relationship with his people.
  zh: 但重要的是要理解，在我们的语境中，约意味着神与他的子民的关系，以及神与他的子民关系的条款，神对他与子民关系的承诺。
- start: 1023.69
  end: 1025.35
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So why is it so important?
  zh: 那么为什么它如此重要？
- start: 1025.35
  end: 1029.012
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Why do we care about covenant so much?
  zh: 为什么我们如此关心约？
- start: 1029.321
  end: 1034.823
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I want to return to Packer, the Reformed theologian I said has a largely good essay.
  zh: 我想回到帕克，这位我说过有一篇很好的文章的改革宗神学家。
- start: 1035.763
  end: 1037.844
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And he makes a really bold claim.
  zh: 他提出了一个非常大胆的主张。
- start: 1037.844
  end: 1044.606
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: He says biblical doctrine, from first to last, has to do with covenantal relationships between God and man.
  zh: 他说，圣经教义从头到尾都与神与人之间的约关系有关。
- start: 1045.266
  end: 1046.707
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: He gives several examples.
  zh: 他给出了几个例子。
- start: 1046.947
  end: 1054.289
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Biblical ethics has to do with expressing God's covenantal relationship to us and covenantal relationships between ourselves and others.
  zh: 圣经伦理与表达神与我们之间的约关系以及我们与他人之间的约关系有关。
- start: 1054.289
  end: 1062.391
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That is, part of the mutual relations between God and man  is that God says, I want you to treat your neighbor well.
  zh: 也就是说，神与人之间相互关系的一部分是神说，我希望你善待你的邻舍。
- start: 1062.391
  end: 1063.552
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I want you to love your enemies.
  zh: 我希望你爱你的仇敌。
- start: 1063.552
  end: 1068.236
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I want you to, you know, so you can't love God and hate your neighbor.
  zh: 我希望你这样做，你知道，你不能爱神却恨你的邻舍。
- start: 1068.476
  end: 1074.361
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: This is very clear in 1 John, which we looked at last week, because one of the things God has called you to do is love your neighbor.
  zh: 这在我们上周看的约翰一书中非常清楚，因为神呼召你做的事情之一就是爱你的邻舍。
- start: 1074.361
  end: 1083.908
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So when we're talking about biblical ethics, a mistake would be to take it away from the realm of the covenant, because then you'd be left with just a moral code.
  zh: 所以当我们谈论圣经伦理时，一个错误是将其从约的领域中剥离，因为那样你就只剩下一个道德规范。
- start: 1083.908
  end: 1086.13
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And that for many people is what they understand Christianity to be.
  zh: 而对于许多人来说，这就是他们对基督教的理解。
- start: 1086.13
  end: 1095.05
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And they'll say, why do I need  What they're saying is, I can do this part of the covenant without God.
  zh: 他们会说，我为什么需要 他们的意思是，我可以在没有神的情况下做到约的这一部分。
- start: 1095.05
  end: 1096.811
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That's like the neighbor mowing the grass.
  zh: 这就像邻居在割草。
- start: 1096.811
  end: 1100.174
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Fair enough, you can, to a certain extent.
  zh: 这很合理，你可以在某种程度上做到。
- start: 1100.795
  end: 1102.837
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But that's not really the heart of this.
  zh: 但这并不是事情的核心。
- start: 1102.837
  end: 1104.259
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That's not what we're talking about.
  zh: 这不是我们在谈论的。
- start: 1104.259
  end: 1109.223
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: There's something deeper going on, but you're missing that if you lose the covenantal dimension to it.
  zh: 有更深层次的东西在进行，但如果你失去了约的维度，你就错过了。
- start: 1109.944
  end: 1111.125
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Okay, that's ethics.
  zh: 好吧，那是伦理。
- start: 1112.082
  end: 1122.908
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Christian religion has the nature of covenant life, in which God is the direct object of our faith, hope, love, worship, and service, all animated by gratitude for grace.
  zh: 基督教宗教具有约生活的性质，其中神是我们信仰、盼望、爱、敬拜和服务的直接对象，所有这些都因对恩典的感激而充满活力。
- start: 1124.189
  end: 1131.713
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Another way of putting that would be, if you think about every aspect of Christianity, it's all about one of two things.
  zh: 换句话说，如果你考虑基督教的每一个方面，它都关乎两件事之一。
- start: 1132.614
  end: 1134.195
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: How do I love God?
  zh: 我如何爱神？
- start: 1135.516
  end: 1139.498
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Or how do I love neighbor out of love of God?
  zh: 或者我如何因爱神而爱邻舍？
- start: 1139.795
  end: 1140.696
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That's everything, right?
  zh: 这就是一切，对吧？
- start: 1140.696
  end: 1147.199
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: When Jesus is asked, he sums up Christianity as loving God with all your heart, mind, and soul, and loving your neighbor as yourself.
  zh: 当耶稣被问到时，他总结基督教为全心、全意、全力爱神，并爱邻舍如同自己。
- start: 1147.2
  end: 1148.12
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: These are the two great commands.
  zh: 这是两条大诫命。
- start: 1148.12
  end: 1154.144
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Excuse me, he sums up the law that way, but this is also the twofold fulfillment of all of Christianity.
  zh: 抱歉，他是这样总结律法的，但这也是基督教全部的双重实现。
- start: 1154.784
  end: 1157.546
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So if you're doing those things, that's everything.
  zh: 所以如果你在做这些事情，那就是一切。
- start: 1157.546
  end: 1160.648
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But all of that is covenantal, right?
  zh: 但这一切都是约的，对吧？
- start: 1160.648
  end: 1163.29
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Like, how do I properly love God?
  zh: 比如，我如何正确地爱神？
- start: 1163.29
  end: 1164.51
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Look to the covenant.
  zh: 看向约。
- start: 1164.531
  end: 1166.072
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: How do I properly love my neighbor?
  zh: 我如何正确地爱我的邻舍？
- start: 1166.072
  end: 1167.232
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Look to the covenant.
  zh: 看向约。
- start: 1167.859
  end: 1170.68
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So, that's why covenant theology is so crucial.
  zh: 所以，这就是为什么约神学如此关键。
- start: 1170.68
  end: 1179.002
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Well, Packer's going to go on and say that from what's been said so far, and he actually says a lot more than what I just gave you, three things become apparent.
  zh: 帕克接着说，从迄今为止所说的内容来看，他实际上说了比我刚才给你的更多的东西，有三件事情变得明显。
- start: 1179.642
  end: 1186.504
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Those three things are, first, the gospel of God is not properly understood until it is viewed within a covenantal frame.
  zh: 这三件事情是，首先，神的福音只有在约的框架内才能被正确理解。
- start: 1187.225
  end: 1193.586
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Second, the word of God, he means here the Bible, is not properly understood until it is viewed within a covenantal frame.
  zh: 第二，神的道，他在这里指的是圣经，只有在约的框架内才能被正确理解。
- start: 1193.647
  end: 1202.62
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: In his words, covenantal theology  is a biblical hermeneutic, meaning a way of interpreting the Bible, as well as a formulation of biblical teaching.
  zh: 用他的话说，约神学是一种圣经诠释学，意味着一种解释圣经的方法，以及圣经教义的表述。
- start: 1202.941
  end: 1203.701
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So hopefully that's clear.
  zh: 希望这很清楚。
- start: 1203.701
  end: 1212.384
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: What he's saying is we know about the covenant from the Bible, but we also make sense of the Bible through the lens of the covenant.
  zh: 他说的是，我们从圣经中了解约，但我们也通过约的视角理解圣经。
- start: 1212.685
  end: 1213.665
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: The third thing.
  zh: 第三件事。
- start: 1214.185
  end: 1219.387
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: The reality of God is not properly understood until it is viewed within a covenantal frame.
  zh: 神的实质只有在约的框架内才能被正确理解。
- start: 1219.387
  end: 1225.91
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Now here he's making a pretty bold claim, and we might quibble around the edges, but the basic idea is this.
  zh: 现在他在这里提出了一个相当大胆的主张，我们可能会在边缘上争论，但基本思想是这样的。
- start: 1226.917
  end: 1233.66
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: God reveals himself to be a trinity, a triune communion of persons, Father, Son, and Spirit.
  zh: 神启示自己为三位一体，圣父、圣子、圣灵的三位一体的相交。
- start: 1234.161
  end: 1237.642
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And there's something that looks very covenantal about that.
  zh: 而这看起来非常具有约的性质。
- start: 1238.123
  end: 1245.306
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It would be a mistake to imagine, you know, from all eternity, God signing a contract with himself or forming a legal agreement with himself.
  zh: 想象从永恒开始，神与自己签订合同或形成法律协议是一个错误。
- start: 1245.506
  end: 1254.671
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But there's something structured and relational with terms, as it were, that there are roles each person of the Trinity plays.
  zh: 但有一些结构化和关系性的条款，三位一体的每一个位格都有其角色。
- start: 1255.419
  end: 1260.64
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: There's a reason, for instance, the Son becomes incarnate and not the Father or the Spirit.
  zh: 例如，圣子成为肉身而不是圣父或圣灵是有原因的。
- start: 1260.64
  end: 1266.661
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: There is an order and structure within the Trinity, even though these three are co-equal in majesty and glory.
  zh: 在三位一体中有一个秩序和结构，尽管这三者在威严和荣耀上是平等的。
- start: 1267.381
  end: 1270.442
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Nevertheless, there's a structure, order, relationship, all of that.
  zh: 然而，存在结构、秩序、关系，所有这些。
- start: 1270.442
  end: 1272.182
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: All of that looks very covenantal.
  zh: 所有这些看起来都非常具有约的性质。
- start: 1272.182
  end: 1273.982
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So you can say that in a couple of ways.
  zh: 所以你可以用几种方式来说。
- start: 1273.982
  end: 1276.043
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You could describe it as a covenant within the Trinity.
  zh: 你可以描述为三位一体内的一个约。
- start: 1276.043
  end: 1277.063
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I think that's going too far.
  zh: 我认为那样说太过了。
- start: 1277.063
  end: 1297.227
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: A better way might be to say this structured inner life of God is expressed and revealed  In other words, a basic principle of theology is if you want to understand the inner life of God, which we have no direct access to, you understand that through the outer life of God.
  zh: 更好的方式可能是说，神的这种结构化的内在生命被表达和揭示出来。换句话说，神学的一个基本原则是，如果你想理解神的内在生命，我们没有直接的途径，你通过神的外在生命来理解。
- start: 1297.227
  end: 1299.308
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: How does he express himself in the world?
  zh: 他如何在世界上表达自己？
- start: 1299.529
  end: 1305.133
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: In the same way that if you want to get to know an author, you can't read his mind, but you can read his books.
  zh: 就像如果你想了解一个作者，你不能读他的心思，但你可以读他的书。
- start: 1305.573
  end: 1311.958
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And in reading his books, you can come to say like, oh, you know, Stephen King is obsessed with Maine and alcoholism or whatever.
  zh: 通过读他的书，你可以说，哦，你知道，斯蒂芬·金对缅因州和酗酒等很着迷。
- start: 1312.738
  end: 1316.139
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Those kind of things are how we get to know any author.
  zh: 这些事情是我们了解任何作者的方式。
- start: 1316.139
  end: 1323.141
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: In the sense that you get to know a person, you encounter your neighbor, you encounter your spouse, your kids, whoever.
  zh: 在你了解一个人的意义上，你遇到你的邻居，你遇到你的配偶，你的孩子，任何人。
- start: 1323.141
  end: 1329.062
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: If you want to get to know them, it's probably going to be from what they show you, what they're externally doing.
  zh: 如果你想了解他们，可能是通过他们向你展示的东西，他们在外部做的事情。
- start: 1329.062
  end: 1330.802
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You're not reading their mind.
  zh: 你不是在读他们的心思。
- start: 1331.583
  end: 1332.523
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You're talking to them.
  zh: 你在和他们交谈。
- start: 1332.523
  end: 1334.263
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You're watching them.
  zh: 你在观察他们。
- start: 1334.263
  end: 1335.123
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You're observing them.
  zh: 你在观察他们。
- start: 1335.123
  end: 1348.846
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Well, likewise, if you want to know about the inner life of God, you do that  And he acts in the world in this relational, structured way that is kind of an echo of the way he describes his own inner life, Father, Son, and Spirit.
  zh: 同样地，如果你想了解神的内在生命，你这样做。他在世界上以这种关系性、结构化的方式行事，这有点像他描述自己内在生命的方式，圣父、圣子和圣灵。
- start: 1349.306
  end: 1353.687
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So all that's to say, covenant theology is pretty darn important.
  zh: 所以所有这些都在说，约神学是非常重要的。
- start: 1355.028
  end: 1363.71
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: He goes on to give—actually, this is before that, I'm jumping back in the essay, but this is such a nice example that I want to draw it up.
  zh: 他继续给出——实际上，这是在那之前，我在文章中跳回去，但这是一个很好的例子，我想提出来。
- start: 1364.21
  end: 1365.67
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: He gives the example of a globe.
  zh: 他举了一个地球仪的例子。
- start: 1365.67
  end: 1372.292
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So imagine a globe, and if you're watching YouTube instead of listening, you'll see I've got the wrong ocean here, but the Indian Ocean.
  zh: 想象一个地球仪，如果你在看YouTube而不是听，你会看到我这里有错误的海洋，但这是印度洋。
- start: 1372.292
  end: 1378.154
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I couldn't find a really good non-copyrighted globe zoomed in on the Pacific Ocean.
  zh: 我找不到一个真正好的非版权的地球仪放大到太平洋。
- start: 1378.154
  end: 1380.274
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It was surprisingly hard to find.
  zh: 令人惊讶的是，很难找到。
- start: 1380.614
  end: 1392.718
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Nevertheless, suppose you're looking for a Polynesian island, and you've got your finger, you know, you're trying to find Micronesia, Fiji, Tuvalu, wherever, Vanuatu.
  zh: 然而，假设你在寻找一个波利尼西亚岛屿，你用手指，你知道，你在试图找到密克罗尼西亚、斐济、图瓦卢，或任何地方，瓦努阿图。
- start: 1394.412
  end: 1401.375
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: What you can miss there, because it's actually so big it sort of jumps off the page, are the giant word-specific ocean.
  zh: 你可能会错过的是，因为它实际上太大了，以至于有点跳出页面，是那些巨大的特定海洋的字样。
- start: 1401.676
  end: 1404.957
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And he suggests that sometimes as Christians this is what we do as well.
  zh: 他建议有时作为基督徒，我们也会这样做。
- start: 1405.218
  end: 1415.202
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: He says God's covenant of grace in Scripture is one of those things that are too big to easily be seen, particularly when one's mind is programmed to look at something smaller.
  zh: 他说，圣经中神的恩典之约是那些太大而不容易被看到的东西之一，特别是当一个人的思维被设定为看更小的东西时。
- start: 1415.623
  end: 1424.124
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And so we run the risk of focusing in so much on trying to find some particular doctrine or detail,  That we miss the big picture.
  zh: 因此，我们有可能过于专注于试图找到某个特定的教义或细节，以至于错过了大局。
- start: 1424.124
  end: 1428.608
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: We're so looking for the particular tree that we miss the whole forest.
  zh: 我们如此寻找特定的树，以至于错过了整个森林。
- start: 1428.608
  end: 1429.749
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That's what he's saying.
  zh: 这就是他所说的。
- start: 1429.749
  end: 1432.951
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That's how big covenant is.
  zh: 这就是约有多大的意义。
- start: 1435.773
  end: 1442.578
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: As Scott Hahn points out, this isn't just true of the way Reformed Christians understand covenant.
  zh: 正如斯科特·哈恩指出的，这不仅仅是改革宗基督徒理解约的方式。
- start: 1442.659
  end: 1446.662
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: This is true of how Catholics understand it, but even more how Jews understood it before.
  zh: 这也是天主教徒理解它的方式，更是犹太人以前理解它的方式。
- start: 1447.463
  end: 1451.608
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: He says,  For the covenant defines religion for Christians and Jews.
  zh: 他说，因为约为基督徒和犹太人定义了宗教。
- start: 1451.669
  end: 1456.811
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: We cannot discern God's design or his will if we do not meditate upon his covenant.
  zh: 如果我们不默想他的约，我们就无法辨别神的设计或他的旨意。
- start: 1457.632
  end: 1469.099
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: The covenant, then, is the principle that unites the New Testament with the Old, the Scriptures with tradition, and each of the various branches of theology with all the others.
  zh: 因此，约是将新约与旧约、圣经与传统、神学的各个分支与其他所有分支联合起来的原则。
- start: 1469.879
  end: 1473.041
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: The covenant does more than bridge the gaps between these elements.
  zh: 约不仅仅是弥合这些元素之间的差距。
- start: 1473.521
  end: 1474.782
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It fills in the gaps.
  zh: 它填补了这些差距。
- start: 1475.276
  end: 1483.862
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So the biblical scholarship, dogmatic theology, and magisterial authority all stand on common ground, solid ground.
  zh: 因此，圣经学术、教义神学和训导权都站在共同的基础上，坚实的基础上。
- start: 1484.422
  end: 1491.307
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So if you want to make sense of anything in Christianity, it's really important that you're getting the covenant right.
  zh: 所以如果你想理解基督教中的任何事情，正确理解约是非常重要的。
- start: 1492.028
  end: 1500.714
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Otherwise, you might have an accurate vision of the one tree, but you still don't really get the tree if you don't get the forest.
  zh: 否则，你可能对一棵树有准确的看法，但如果你不了解森林，你仍然无法真正理解那棵树。
- start: 1501.034
  end: 1508.373
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I hope that makes sense, that really understanding, like, the liver,  is only possible if you understand the body.
  zh: 我希望这有意义，真正理解，比如肝脏，只有在你理解身体的情况下才有可能。
- start: 1509.113
  end: 1511.954
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's not that you can't distinguish the liver from the body.
  zh: 这并不是说你不能将肝脏与身体区分开来。
- start: 1512.155
  end: 1517.577
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's that making sense of the liver and its role only makes sense within the broader context of the body.
  zh: 而是说，理解肝脏及其作用只有在身体的更广泛背景下才有意义。
- start: 1517.577
  end: 1521.258
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Well, this is true as well here with covenant, that it's binding the whole thing together.
  zh: 同样地，这在约中也是如此，它将整个事情结合在一起。
- start: 1521.258
  end: 1534.143
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's the agreement, the relationship, the kind of terms and conditions that put all of these parts of Christianity and before that all these parts of Judaism together in one package.
  zh: 这是协议、关系、条款和条件，将基督教的所有部分以及之前犹太教的所有部分结合在一起。
- start: 1535.009
  end: 1541.33
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Okay, so that's the first point, that the New Covenant is vital for understanding Christianity.
  zh: 好的，这就是第一点，新约对于理解基督教至关重要。
- start: 1541.33
  end: 1547.352
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: If you don't understand that, you're not getting the forest, you're not really getting the essence of Christianity.
  zh: 如果你不理解这一点，你就没有看到森林，你就没有真正理解基督教的本质。
- start: 1547.712
  end: 1553.553
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: The second point, then, is that the Eucharist is essential to the New Covenant.
  zh: 第二点是，圣餐对新约至关重要。
- start: 1555.133
  end: 1566.85
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That just as someone who doesn't get the Covenant doesn't get Christianity, someone who doesn't get  The Eucharist doesn't get the New Covenant.
  zh: 就像不理解约的人不理解基督教一样，不理解圣餐的人不理解新约。
- start: 1568.252
  end: 1570.814
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And here I want to part ways a little bit with Packer.
  zh: 在这里，我想与帕克稍微分道扬镳。
- start: 1570.814
  end: 1572.835
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Remember the globe example I just gave?
  zh: 还记得我刚刚给出的地球仪例子吗？
- start: 1572.895
  end: 1576.318
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Well, he describes all of these issues.
  zh: 他描述了所有这些问题。
- start: 1576.318
  end: 1591.73
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: He points out faith, the plan of salvation, Jesus Christ, the God-man, our prophet, priest, and king, the church in both Testaments, along with circumcision, Passover, baptism, the Lord's Supper, the intricacies of Old Testament worship, and the simplicities of its New Testament counterpart.
  zh: 他指出信仰、救恩计划、耶稣基督、神人、我们的先知、祭司和君王、两约中的教会，以及割礼、逾越节、洗礼、圣餐、旧约崇拜的复杂性和新约对应的简单性。
- start: 1591.892
  end: 1593.133
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And many more such things.
  zh: 以及许多其他类似的事情。
- start: 1593.133
  end: 1602.66
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: He puts all of those as just little islands, each one anchored in the Pacific, that we need to understand within the ocean of the covenant.
  zh: 他将所有这些视为小岛，每一个都锚定在太平洋中，我们需要在约的海洋中理解。
- start: 1602.881
  end: 1609.065
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But you may notice that he just dropped the Lord's Supper in there as one doctrine among many.
  zh: 但你可能注意到，他只是将圣餐作为众多教义之一放在那里。
- start: 1609.826
  end: 1613.449
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I mean, for that matter, he drops Jesus Christ in there as one doctrine among many.
  zh: 我的意思是，就此而言，他将耶稣基督作为众多教义之一放在那里。
- start: 1613.449
  end: 1618.501
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And I think we want to  No, that's where we would part company.
  zh: 我认为我们想要的是，不，那就是我们分道扬镳的地方。
- start: 1618.501
  end: 1619.922
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That's not a good way of understanding it.
  zh: 那不是一个好的理解方式。
- start: 1619.922
  end: 1625.646
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Now, there's actually a few places in which we would part company from the Reformed understanding of covenant.
  zh: 现在，实际上有几个地方我们会与改革宗对约的理解分道扬镳。
- start: 1625.646
  end: 1629.249
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: We'd say the Reformed theologians are absolutely right to say covenant is crucial.
  zh: 我们会说，改革宗神学家说约是关键的，这一点绝对正确。
- start: 1629.549
  end: 1640.898
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But when you ask them about covenant, they have a really strange understanding, where they'll say there's a covenant with Adam that isn't mentioned in the Bible, but is really important for how we understand the Bible, called the covenant of works.
  zh: 但当你问他们关于约时，他们有一个非常奇怪的理解，他们会说有一个与亚当的约，这在圣经中没有提到，但对我们理解圣经非常重要，称为行为之约。
- start: 1641.623
  end: 1643.124
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And it's not called a covenant.
  zh: 而且它不被称为约。
- start: 1643.124
  end: 1646.465
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's never mentioned in all of the biblical discussions of a covenant.
  zh: 在所有关于约的圣经讨论中从未提到过。
- start: 1646.465
  end: 1649.346
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But nevertheless, we're to believe that is a covenant.
  zh: 但无论如何，我们要相信那是一个约。
- start: 1649.346
  end: 1654.028
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And then the covenant of grace, which happens at the moment of the fall, is what replaces it.
  zh: 然后在堕落时发生的恩典之约取代了它。
- start: 1654.028
  end: 1657.549
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So when Reformed theologians speak of two covenants, they usually mean those two.
  zh: 所以当改革宗神学家谈到两个约时，他们通常指的是这两个。
- start: 1658.24
  end: 1664.385
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You have this imaginary covenant of works, or maybe, maybe, I don't want to go too excessive.
  zh: 你有这个想象中的行为之约，或者，也许，我不想过于夸张。
- start: 1664.385
  end: 1673.172
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You can read what God says to Adam, where he tells him to work in the garden, and say maybe there were some implicit promises that if he did this he would be glorified and go to heaven.
  zh: 你可以读到神对亚当说的话，他告诉他在园中工作，并说也许有一些隐含的承诺，如果他这样做，他将被荣耀并进入天堂。
- start: 1673.333
  end: 1676.955
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: God doesn't ever say that, but maybe that would have happened.
  zh: 神从未这样说过，但也许那会发生。
- start: 1677.516
  end: 1680.619
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That's the first covenant Reformed theologians imagine must be there.
  zh: 那是改革宗神学家想象中必须存在的第一个约。
- start: 1680.619
  end: 1688.038
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And the second covenant is the one that God doesn't mention at the time,  a covenant of grace that happens at the moment of the Fall.
  zh: 第二个约是神当时没有提到的，在堕落时发生的恩典之约。
- start: 1688.038
  end: 1693.661
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That makes a decisive creation of the New Covenant sin, strangely enough, or the Fall.
  zh: 这使得新约的决定性创造是罪，奇怪的是，或者是堕落。
- start: 1693.661
  end: 1697.143
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's somewhere in Genesis 3 you get the New Covenant.
  zh: 在创世记三章的某个地方你得到了新约。
- start: 1697.183
  end: 1698.884
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But none of that is true.
  zh: 但这些都不是真的。
- start: 1698.884
  end: 1712.612
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Christianity, when St. Paul's becoming a minister of the New Covenant, he means that Christ has created a New Covenant, not Adam and Eve through sin, not the devil by leading people into sin, but that Jesus Christ himself has created a New Covenant.
  zh: 基督教，当圣保罗成为新约的执事时，他的意思是基督创造了一个新约，不是亚当和夏娃通过罪，不是魔鬼引导人们犯罪，而是耶稣基督自己创造了一个新约。
- start: 1713.053
  end: 1722.566
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So,  This is not just like one, you know, Jesus and the Eucharist are not just little islands in this big ocean of covenant.
  zh: 所以，这不仅仅是一个，你知道，耶稣和圣餐不仅仅是这个约的大海中的小岛。
- start: 1722.566
  end: 1727.687
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Rather, we need to understand Jesus, and specifically we need to understand Jesus in the Eucharist.
  zh: 相反，我们需要理解耶稣，特别是我们需要理解圣餐中的耶稣。
- start: 1727.988
  end: 1729.208
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Now, how would I prove that?
  zh: 现在，我如何证明这一点？
- start: 1729.208
  end: 1731.189
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I'd prove it by asking a question.
  zh: 我会通过问一个问题来证明。
- start: 1732.189
  end: 1736.411
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: How often does Jesus explicitly mention the New Covenant?
  zh: 耶稣明确提到新约的次数有多少？
- start: 1736.892
  end: 1737.473
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: In the New Testament.
  zh: 在新约中。
- start: 1737.473
  end: 1746.039
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Remember, the whole New Testament is named the New Testament because the story of Jesus coming into the world and bringing a new covenant.
  zh: 记住，整个新约被命名为新约是因为耶稣来到世界并带来一个新约的故事。
- start: 1746.219
  end: 1750.822
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So, how often does Jesus explicitly mention the New Covenant by name?
  zh: 那么，耶稣明确提到新约的次数有多少？
- start: 1752.044
  end: 1752.964
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Do you know?
  zh: 你知道吗？
- start: 1753.004
  end: 1755.306
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Because it's one time.
  zh: 因为只有一次。
- start: 1755.746
  end: 1757.507
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Do you know where that one time is?
  zh: 你知道那一次在哪里吗？
- start: 1757.668
  end: 1759.529
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: You could probably guess from context.
  zh: 你可能可以从上下文中猜到。
- start: 1759.529
  end: 1760.93
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's at the Last Supper.
  zh: 是在最后的晚餐。
- start: 1761.27
  end: 1788.756
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Jesus  And he goes on from there, but there's different accounts in Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, but it's very clear that the understanding is that here he is lifting the chalice, and it's as if he said, here it is, boys, the Pacific Ocean, to use Packer's analogy.
  zh: 耶稣从那里继续，但在马太、马可、路加和约翰中有不同的记载，但很明显，这里的理解是他举起杯子，就好像他说，这就是了，孩子们，太平洋，用帕克的比喻。
- start: 1789.076
  end: 1792.879
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: This is the thing that holds everything else together.
  zh: 这是将其他一切结合在一起的东西。
- start: 1793.12
  end: 1796.082
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: This is the blood of the new covenant.
  zh: 这是新约的血。
- start: 1796.082
  end: 1799.505
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: The new and everlasting covenant is right here.
  zh: 新的永恒之约就在这里。
- start: 1799.745
  end: 1802.827
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's as if he is saying all of that.
  zh: 就好像他在说这一切。
- start: 1803.028
  end: 1815.078
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So, you can't understand Christianity without understanding the covenant, and if you're going to listen to what Jesus teaches on the covenant, it's right here at the Last Supper.
  zh: 所以，如果你不理解约，你就无法理解基督教，如果你要听耶稣关于约的教导，就在最后的晚餐这里。
- start: 1815.299
  end: 1817.24
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Now, a few things follow from this.
  zh: 现在，有几件事情由此而来。
- start: 1818.246
  end: 1822.909
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I think this changes how we understand Christianity.
  zh: 我认为这改变了我们对基督教的理解。
- start: 1824.591
  end: 1831.857
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Let me go back to the Scott Hahn thing I mentioned earlier, that contracts are an exchange of property, goods, and services typically.
  zh: 让我回到我之前提到的斯科特·哈恩的观点，合同通常是财产、货物和服务的交换。
- start: 1831.857
  end: 1834.018
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Covenants are an exchange of persons.
  zh: 约是人的交换。
- start: 1834.539
  end: 1836.321
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Well, this is an exchange of persons.
  zh: 那么，这就是一个人的交换。
- start: 1836.321
  end: 1840.784
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Jesus is giving himself to us to enter into communion with us.
  zh: 耶稣将自己赐给我们，与我们相交。
- start: 1840.784
  end: 1844.467
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: He's creating this full exchange of persons.
  zh: 他正在创造这种完整的人的交换。
- start: 1845.109
  end: 1856.313
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: There is this impulse that many people have to say we're missing something crucial about Christianity if we miss that relational dimension.
  zh: 许多人有这样的冲动，如果我们错过了那个关系的维度，我们就错过了基督教中至关重要的东西。
- start: 1856.653
  end: 1858.914
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And you'll find people say it in kind of silly ways.
  zh: 你会发现人们以一种有点愚蠢的方式说出来。
- start: 1858.914
  end: 1860.875
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's not about rules, it's about relationship.
  zh: 这不是关于规则，而是关于关系。
- start: 1860.875
  end: 1864.396
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Or you'll even hear people say it's not about religion, it's relationship.
  zh: 或者你甚至会听到人们说这不是关于宗教，而是关系。
- start: 1864.396
  end: 1870.238
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Those aren't good ways of understanding it because Christianity is very explicitly a religion.
  zh: 这些不是理解它的好方式，因为基督教非常明确地是一个宗教。
- start: 1870.238
  end: 1873.719
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It refers to itself as a religion in the New Testament.
  zh: 它在新约中称自己为宗教。
- start: 1874.42
  end: 1881.864
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But nevertheless, they're right to see the heart of this relationship as something relational.
  zh: 但无论如何，他们正确地看到这个关系的核心是关系性的。
- start: 1881.864
  end: 1884.445
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I should have said the heart of this religion is something relational.
  zh: 我应该说这个宗教的核心是关系性的。
- start: 1884.826
  end: 1888.968
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Benedict XVI, I really love the way he puts it at the beginning of the day as Caritas asked.
  zh: 本笃十六世，我非常喜欢他在一天开始时按照Caritas的要求所说的方式。
- start: 1889.588
  end: 1903.816
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: He says being Christian is not the result of an ethical choice or of a lofty idea, but the encounter with an event, a person, which gives life a new horizon and a decisive direction.
  zh: 他说，成为基督徒不是伦理选择或崇高思想的结果，而是与一个事件、一个人的相遇，这赋予生命新的视野和决定性的方向。
- start: 1904.42
  end: 1911.361
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So it's something that's an encounter, it's something that's a relationship, it's an encounter with a person as well as an event.
  zh: 所以这是一个相遇，这是一个关系，这是与一个人以及一个事件的相遇。
- start: 1911.921
  end: 1915.662
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And that's what we're finding here at the Last Supper, that we're encountering Jesus.
  zh: 这就是我们在最后的晚餐中发现的，我们正在遇见耶稣。
- start: 1915.662
  end: 1920.063
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And he's giving us not just a new teaching, he's giving us himself.
  zh: 他不仅给我们新的教导，他把自己给了我们。
- start: 1920.783
  end: 1923.763
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: He's not just giving us new instructions, he's giving us himself.
  zh: 他不仅给我们新的指示，他把自己给了我们。
- start: 1923.763
  end: 1928.404
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: There's something deeply covenantal and deeply relational about that.
  zh: 这其中有一些深刻的约的性质和深刻的关系性质。
- start: 1928.504
  end: 1931.045
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So that's how we should be understanding this.
  zh: 所以这就是我们应该理解的方式。
- start: 1932.285
  end: 1939.566
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Now,  All of that makes sense if, at the Last Supper, Jesus is giving us himself.
  zh: 现在，如果在最后的晚餐中，耶稣把自己给了我们，所有这些都是有意义的。
- start: 1941.107
  end: 1948.151
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: This presupposes that Jesus actually means what he says when he says, this is my body, this is my blood.
  zh: 这预设了耶稣在说「这是我的身体，这是我的血」时确实是这个意思。
- start: 1948.151
  end: 1956.796
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That he's giving himself to us to receive, and he is uniting himself with us in this incredible way.
  zh: 他把自己赐给我们接受，并以这种不可思议的方式与我们联合。
- start: 1958.363
  end: 1960.664
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: We can probably explore this in another episode.
  zh: 我们可能会在另一期节目中探讨这个问题。
- start: 1960.664
  end: 1962.524
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I don't have specific plans for it.
  zh: 我没有具体的计划。
- start: 1962.524
  end: 1964.164
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: I know I've mentioned it before.
  zh: 我知道我以前提到过。
- start: 1964.584
  end: 1971.906
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But the early church fathers were really clear about something, that one of the key things to recognize here is that we are body and soul.
  zh: 但早期教父们非常明确的一点是，我们是有身体和灵魂的。
- start: 1971.966
  end: 1975.427
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: We're not just bodies without souls, but neither are we souls without bodies.
  zh: 我们不仅仅是没有灵魂的身体，也不是没有身体的灵魂。
- start: 1975.427
  end: 1977.387
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: We're not animals, we're not angels.
  zh: 我们不是动物，我们不是天使。
- start: 1977.607
  end: 1985.749
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: We're this fascinating creature that is ensouled with an everlasting soul, but is still bodily.
  zh: 我们是这种迷人的生物，拥有永恒的灵魂，但仍然是有身体的。
- start: 1986.589
  end: 1995.598
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And so,  St. Basil points out that if we were just spirits, faith alone would be how we would encounter Christ.
  zh: 因此，圣巴西尔指出，如果我们只是灵魂，单凭信心就是我们遇见基督的方式。
- start: 1996.278
  end: 2005.764
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But because we're bodily, we commune with him not just intellectually at the level of faith, but bodily, and he points to the Eucharist as where that happens.
  zh: 但因为我们是有身体的，我们与他相交不仅仅是在信心层面的智力上，而是身体上，他指出圣餐就是发生这种情况的地方。
- start: 2006.144
  end: 2010.587
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Gregor of Nyssa, excuse me, I said Basil, but Gregor of Nyssa, Basil actually says similar things.
  zh: 尼撒的格雷戈里，抱歉，我说的是巴西尔，但尼撒的格雷戈里，巴西尔实际上说了类似的话。
- start: 2011.388
  end: 2020.035
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: All that to say that there is this incredible encounter that we have with Christ, and this should be the shape and form of Christianity.
  zh: 所有这些都在说，我们与基督有这种不可思议的相遇，这应该是基督教的形状和形式。
- start: 2020.796
  end: 2031.344
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: As I've said, whether we're talking ethics or whether we're talking theology, whether we're talking you name it, if we're going to make sense of any of those things, we should be understanding them in these relational terms.
  zh: 正如我所说，无论我们在谈论伦理还是神学，无论我们在谈论什么，如果我们要理解这些事情，我们应该用这些关系的术语来理解它们。
- start: 2031.344
  end: 2033.666
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Like, how is this an expression of my love of God?
  zh: 比如，这如何表达我对神的爱？
- start: 2033.666
  end: 2036.048
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: How is this an expression of my love of my neighbor?
  zh: 这如何表达我对邻舍的爱？
- start: 2036.52
  end: 2045.909
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: But, and this is the part where we would part company with the not religion but relationship folks, is that a healthy relationship has boundaries.
  zh: 但是，这就是我们与那些认为不是宗教而是关系的人分道扬镳的地方，健康的关系是有界限的。
- start: 2046.591
  end: 2053.484
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: In the same way that you and your wife, you and your husband,  It's not just do whatever you want in the name of love.
  zh: 就像你和你的妻子，你和你的丈夫一样，这不仅仅是在爱的名义下为所欲为。
- start: 2053.484
  end: 2056.564
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: There are boundaries and terms to your relationship.
  zh: 你的关系是有界限和条款的。
- start: 2056.564
  end: 2058.225
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: That's what makes it healthy.
  zh: 这就是使其健康的原因。
- start: 2058.225
  end: 2067.667
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: We live in a culture that thrives on ambiguous relationships that leave people deeply upset and unhappy with expectations that get thwarted and abused.
  zh: 我们生活在一个依赖模糊关系的文化中，这种关系让人们对被挫败和滥用的期望感到深深的不安和不满。
- start: 2068.207
  end: 2069.987
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Christianity is not like that.
  zh: 基督教不是这样的。
- start: 2070.487
  end: 2071.568
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's not free love.
  zh: 这不是自由的爱。
- start: 2071.568
  end: 2072.948
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's not any of those things.
  zh: 这不是任何这些东西。
- start: 2072.948
  end: 2077.169
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's excessive, extreme love, but it's not free love.
  zh: 这是过度的、极端的爱，但不是自由的爱。
- start: 2078.087
  end: 2082.428
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Love that's infinite, but not undefined or unbounded.
  zh: 爱是无限的，但不是未定义的或无界限的。
- start: 2082.648
  end: 2084.588
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So it has terms to it.
  zh: 所以它是有条款的。
- start: 2084.728
  end: 2090.85
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And we see this in the Eucharist, that Christ gives himself to us in a particular way, shape, and form.
  zh: 我们在圣餐中看到这一点，基督以一种特定的方式、形状和形式将自己赐给我们。
- start: 2090.85
  end: 2092.39
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: There's something ritual about it.
  zh: 这其中有一些仪式性的东西。
- start: 2092.39
  end: 2096.911
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: It's connected, you may notice from his words, to what's about to happen on the cross.
  zh: 你可能会注意到，从他的话中，这与即将在十字架上发生的事情有关。
- start: 2096.911
  end: 2101.412
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: He refers to this being the blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many.
  zh: 他提到这是约的血，为多人流出。
- start: 2102.037
  end: 2103.238
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: For the forgiveness of sin.
  zh: 为赦罪。
- start: 2103.238
  end: 2112.463
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: So in those few words, you have the idea this is a covenantal relationship, but also one that's connected with the cross and as a remedy for sin.
  zh: 所以在这几句话中，你有这样的概念，这是一个约的关系，但也是与十字架相连的，是罪的补救。
- start: 2112.463
  end: 2114.524
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: All of that is wrapped up in here.
  zh: 所有这些都包含在这里。
- start: 2114.624
  end: 2121.128
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: If you get that, if you get that, then you understand the story of the covenant and you understand the story of Christianity.
  zh: 如果你明白这一点，如果你明白这一点，那么你就理解了约的故事，也理解了基督教的故事。
- start: 2121.465
  end: 2136.249
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: If you don't get that, if you've overlooked the theme of the covenant, or if you believe in the covenant but have overlooked the reality of the Eucharist and its being the expression of the covenant, then I would say go back and reread.
  zh: 如果你不明白这一点，如果你忽视了约的主题，或者如果你相信约但忽视了圣餐的现实及其作为约的表达，那么我会说回去重读。
- start: 2136.249
  end: 2139.009
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: And if you want something else to read, you can pick up my new book.
  zh: 如果你想读点别的，你可以拿起我的新书。
- start: 2139.629
  end: 2141.35
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: For Shameless Popery, I'm Joe Heschmeyer.
  zh: 我是乔·赫施迈尔，为无耻教皇党。
- start: 2141.61
  end: 2153.258
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Next week, by the way, is going to be more on the Eucharist, looking at what this means about Christian worship, because a lot of people have been  Trying to figure out what does it mean to worship as a Christian?
  zh: 顺便说一下，下周将更多地讨论圣餐，看看这对基督徒敬拜意味着什么，因为很多人一直在试图弄清楚作为基督徒敬拜意味着什么？
- start: 2153.258
  end: 2156.14
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: What does that word mean and how do we do it?
  zh: 这个词是什么意思，我们该如何做？
- start: 2156.14
  end: 2158.841
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: How do we know if we're actually worshiping God or not?
  zh: 我们如何知道我们是否真的在敬拜神？
- start: 2159.522
  end: 2160.302
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: Thanks a lot.
  zh: 非常感谢。
- start: 2160.302
  end: 2161.182
  speaker: SPEAKER_01
  en: God bless.
  zh: 愿神祝福。
