- start: 38.215
  end: 51.678
  speaker: barron
  en: One day in a hovel in this little nothing town of Nazareth, an angel appeared to a young Israelite girl, perhaps no more than 14 or 15, and they had a rather extraordinary conversation.
  zh: 有一天，在拿撒勒这个不起眼的小镇上，一座破旧的小屋里，一位天使向一位年轻的以色列少女显现，也许她只有十四五岁。他们之间展开了一场非同寻常的对话。
- start: 55.139
  end: 60.96
  speaker: barron
  en: This woman is, after Jesus Himself, the most depicted figure in the history of Christian art.
  zh: 在基督教艺术的历史中，这位女子仅次于耶稣本身，是被描绘最多的人物。
- start: 63.803
  end: 69.587
  speaker: barron
  en: This woman has beguiled the imaginations of our most gifted poets, from Dante to T.S. Eliot.
  zh: 从但丁到T·S·艾略特，这位女子一直激发了我们最杰出诗人的想象。
- start: 76.813
  end: 83.958
  speaker: barron
  en: To this woman, millions come bearing the burdens of their hearts, for they believe her to be their mother.
  zh: 千百万人带着心中的重担来到这位女子面前，因为他们相信她是他们的母亲。
- start: 192.537
  end: 193.418
  speaker: barron
  en: The angel said to her.
  zh: 天使对她说：
- start: 193.418
  end: 198.18
  speaker: barron
  en: Ave Maria, rejoice, O highly favored daughter.
  zh: 「蒙大恩的女子，我问你安，主和你同在了！」
- start: 198.18
  end: 201.662
  speaker: barron
  en: The Lord is with you; blessed are you among women.
  zh: 「你在妇女中是有福的！」
- start: 202.763
  end: 209.007
  speaker: barron
  en: As is invariably the case with those to whom angels make their appearance, Mary was afraid.
  zh: 像所有见到天使显现的人一样，马利亚也感到惧怕。
- start: 211.008
  end: 213.129
  speaker: barron
  en: Don't be afraid, the angel said.
  zh: 「天使对他说：马利亚，不要怕！」
- start: 213.37
  end: 217.432
  speaker: barron
  en: You shall conceive and bear a son and give Him the name Jesus.
  zh: 「你要怀孕生子，可以给他起名叫耶稣。」
- start: 218.713
  end: 233.49
  speaker: barron
  en: When she wonders how this will be possible since she's had no sexual experience, the angel explains, The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you, so that the holy offspring will be called Son of God.
  zh: 当她疑惑自己尚未与人同房，这事如何成就时，天使解释：「圣灵要临到你身上，至高者的能力要荫庇你，因此所要生的圣者，必称为神的儿子。」
- start: 234.33
  end: 242.053
  speaker: barron
  en: And Mary responded, Behold, I am the handmaid of the Lord; be it done to me according to your word.
  zh: 「马利亚说：我是主的使女，情愿照你的话成就在我身上。」
- start: 243.134
  end: 245.255
  speaker: barron
  en: With that, the angel left her.
  zh: 「天使就离开她去了。」
- start: 250.191
  end: 253.733
  speaker: barron
  en: What we see here is that Mary is the new Israel.
  zh: 我们在这里看到的，是马利亚成为新的以色列。
- start: 254.454
  end: 261.137
  speaker: barron
  en: In the Old Testament, many people, when summoned, would run away from God, resisting His word.
  zh: 在旧约里，许多人在被呼召时，会逃避神，抗拒他的话语。
- start: 262.358
  end: 265.46
  speaker: barron
  en: Now Mary does what God asks.
  zh: 而今，马利亚却顺从神的要求。
- start: 267.281
  end: 271.924
  speaker: barron
  en: In some ways, the essence of the biblical drama is distilled in that encounter.
  zh: 在某种意义上，那次相遇浓缩了圣经戏剧的精髓。
- start: 272.264
  end: 277.667
  speaker: barron
  en: We see the nature of God on display in the graceful, non-violent manner of invitations.
  zh: 我们看见神的本性在这温和而不具强迫性的邀请中展现出来。
- start: 278.484
  end: 288.726
  speaker: barron
  en: In story after story from the mythological tradition, when the gods intervene in human affairs, they do so violently and interruptively, in the manner of a rape.
  zh: 在神话传统的诸多故事中，当诸神干预人类事务时，经常以暴力和强行的方式出现，宛如强夺一般。
- start: 289.766
  end: 294.087
  speaker: barron
  en: Whatever the opposite of rape is, it’s on display in this story.
  zh: 而在这个故事里，展现的正是与强夺截然相反的情形。
- start: 295.807
  end: 300.968
  speaker: barron
  en: Mary is invited, even, dare I say it, courted by God’s messenger.
  zh: 马利亚被邀请，甚至可以说，被神的使者所追求。
- start: 301.448
  end: 306.589
  speaker: barron
  en: Her freedom, her dignity are respected, and her curiosity is encouraged.
  zh: 她的自由和尊严都得到尊重，她的疑问也受到鼓励。
- start: 308.219
  end: 311.561
  speaker: barron
  en: We see a human being in full in the person of Mary.
  zh: 在马利亚身上，我们看到一个完整的人性展现。
- start: 313.463
  end: 319.727
  speaker: barron
  en: The Church Fathers were eager to contrast Mary, the Mother of God, and Eve, the Mother of all the living.
  zh: 教父们急切地将神之母马利亚与万物之母夏娃加以对比。
- start: 320.187
  end: 329.373
  speaker: barron
  en: At the decisive moment, Eve took the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, succumbing to the temptation to seize godliness.
  zh: 在关键时刻，夏娃摘下分辨善恶树上的果子，屈服于渴望攫取神性地位的诱惑。
- start: 331.435
  end: 334.156
  speaker: barron
  en: Why had God forbidden the eating of that fruit?
  zh: 为什么神禁止吃那果子？
- start: 334.637
  end: 336.898
  speaker: barron
  en: Because He was jealous of human flourishing?
  zh: 难道是因为他嫉妒人类的昌盛吗？
- start: 337.478
  end: 338.378
  speaker: barron
  en: Hardly.
  zh: 绝不是。
- start: 338.799
  end: 343.24
  speaker: barron
  en: That, in fact, is precisely the suggestion of the serpent, the father of lies.
  zh: 实际上，那正是蛇——那说谎之父——所暗示的。
- start: 348.643
  end: 357.266
  speaker: barron
  en: God gave our first parents practically free reign in the garden, symbolizing thereby His desire that they be fully alive.
  zh: 神几乎把伊甸园完全交给我们的始祖，这象征着他渴望他们能够充满生命力。
- start: 358.747
  end: 369.959
  speaker: barron
  en: Adam and Eve at play in the field of the Lord are evocative of the full range of human activity and achievements—from sports to politics to philosophy to art and science.
  zh: 在神的园地里玩耍的亚当与夏娃，让人联想到从运动、政治、哲学到艺术、科学的各种人类活动与成就。
- start: 370.66
  end: 372.341
  speaker: barron
  en: So why the prohibition?
  zh: 那么为什么会有那道禁令呢？
- start: 373.182
  end: 376.684
  speaker: barron
  en: Because God wants us to fall in love with Him.
  zh: 因为神希望我们爱上他。
- start: 380.047
  end: 387.993
  speaker: barron
  en: When two young people meet and are attracted to one another, they size each other up; they analyze, study, and evaluate each other.
  zh: 当两个年轻人相遇并彼此吸引时，他们会互相打量，分析、研究、评估对方。
- start: 388.353
  end: 396.427
  speaker: barron
  en: But their rapport will come to life only in the measure that, at the limit of this process, they fall in love.
  zh: 但只有当他们在这一过程的尽头坠入爱河，他们之间的融洽才能真正萌发。
- start: 396.647
  end: 398.588
  speaker: barron
  en: They surrender to each other.
  zh: 他们彼此交付自己。
- start: 399.729
  end: 405.232
  speaker: barron
  en: At the end of all of our achieving, we must let ourselves be achieved by God.
  zh: 在我们完成所有成就的终点，我们必须让自己被神所成就。
- start: 409.915
  end: 421.082
  speaker: barron
  en: This is Mary declaring herself the handmaid of the Lord and allowing herself to become the Mother of God, though she barely glimpsed the full implications of what this would mean.
  zh: 这就像马利亚宣告自己是主的使女，并让自己成为神之母，虽然她当时几乎无法完全领会这意味着什么。
- start: 423.049
  end: 426.752
  speaker: barron
  en: Her obedience reversed the disobedience of Eve.
  zh: 她的顺服扭转了夏娃的不顺服。
- start: 429.334
  end: 439.563
  speaker: barron
  en: Hence, the medievals imagined the Ave (A-V-E) of the angel reversing Eva.
  zh: 因此，中世纪的人想象天使的「Ave」（A-V-E）正好扭转了「Eva」，就是夏娃。
- start: 443.146
  end: 463.476
  speaker: barron
  en: 'The theologian Hans Urs von Balthasar says that all of the forms of the Church''s life spring from the Marian form—this acquiescence to the will of God, this attitude of fiat: Let it be done to me according to your word.'
  zh: 神学家韩斯·乌尔斯·冯·巴尔萨说，教会生活的所有形式都源于马利亚的形态——对神旨意的顺从，这种“愿照你的话成就于我”的态度。
- start: 467.699
  end: 472.062
  speaker: barron
  en: There's an explosion of interest in Mary in the West because of St. Bernard.
  zh: 由于圣伯尔纳的影响，西方对马利亚的兴趣突然高涨。
- start: 472.062
  end: 478.827
  speaker: barron
  en: Go back to the 12th century, and in the wake of Bernard, all the great cathedrals are Notre Dame—they're all Our Lady.
  zh: 回到十二世纪，在伯尔纳的影响下，所有宏伟的大教堂都称为Notre Dame，也就是献给圣母的教堂。
- start: 479.125
  end: 479.665
  speaker: barron
  en: Why is it?
  zh: 这是为什么呢？
- start: 479.665
  end: 485.646
  speaker: barron
  en: Some say because Europe was becoming more civilized and gentle, so this feminine dimension was coming in.
  zh: 有人说这是因为欧洲变得更加文明温和，因此女性特质逐渐融入其中。
- start: 486.267
  end: 489.668
  speaker: barron
  en: But Mary has been there from the beginning; she's there in the Scriptures.
  zh: 但马利亚自始就已存在；她在圣经里出现。
- start: 489.668
  end: 493.928
  speaker: barron
  en: The Church Fathers are very interested in Mary as the New Eve, so she's always been there.
  zh: 教父们对作为新夏娃的马利亚十分关注，因此她一直都在那里。
- start: 493.969
  end: 504.151
  speaker: barron
  en: I think it's just the very fact that Mary is the Mother of God that always struck people as utterly fascinating—that God would become so humble as to have a human mother.
  zh: 我想，正是马利亚是神之母的事实让人们深感惊奇——神竟如此谦卑，以至于拥有一位人类的母亲。
- start: 504.785
  end: 509.55
  speaker: barron
  en: And if He has a mother, then He has cousins; He has a grandmother and a grandfather.
  zh: 如果他有母亲，那他就有表兄弟姐妹；他也有外祖母和外祖父。
- start: 509.55
  end: 515.896
  speaker: barron
  en: I think it's a way of emphasizing the reality and density of the Incarnation.
  zh: 我认为，这是在强调道成肉身的真实与丰厚。
- start: 515.896
  end: 525.746
  speaker: barron
  en: God really becomes flesh, and then Mary is associated with, as you say, mercy and gentleness, and she’s our advocate; she’s the advocate of the human race.
  zh: 神真正成为血肉之身，而马利亚与怜悯和温柔相连，她是我们的辩护者，也是全人类的辩护者。
- start: 560.085
  end: 566.287
  speaker: barron
  en: Mary is a pivotal figure in the history of salvation, for she’s a bridge between the Old Testament and the New.
  zh: 马利亚在救恩历史中是关键人物，因为她在旧约与新约之间架起桥梁。
- start: 566.847
  end: 577.11
  speaker: barron
  en: I know of no other sacred building that better exemplifies the connection between the Old and New Covenants than the Cathedral of Chartres, dedicated to Notre Dame, Our Lady.
  zh: 我不知道还有哪座圣殿能比献给圣母的沙特尔主教座堂更能彰显旧约与新约之约之间的关联。
- start: 578.442
  end: 581.943
  speaker: barron
  en: But dedication doesn’t capture the full meaning of it.
  zh: 不过，「奉献」一词无法完全涵盖这座教堂的意义。
- start: 582.803
  end: 598.647
  speaker: barron
  en: Consult the wonderful book of Henry Adams called Mont Saint-Michel and Chartres to grasp that the medievals saw a building like this not only as dedicated to Mary, not only as Mary’s dwelling place, but as a representation of Mary’s body.
  zh: 去读亨利·亚当斯写的《蒙圣米歇尔与沙特尔》这本绝妙的书，你会发现中世纪的人不仅把这类建筑视为奉献给马利亚，也不单单是马利亚的居所，而是把它看作马利亚身体的象征。
- start: 600.687
  end: 609.62
  speaker: barron
  en: The apse of the cathedral corresponds to Mary’s head, the transept to her arms, and the nave to her body.
  zh: 教堂的后殿对应马利亚的头部，翼廊对应她的手臂，而中殿则象征她的身体。
- start: 610.54
  end: 620.445
  speaker: barron
  en: The labyrinth, a winding path inscribed within a circle, is located about two-thirds of the way down the nave, at the level of the womb.
  zh: 在中殿约三分之二处，正好在象征子宫的位置，有一条刻在圆圈里的蜿蜒道路——那就是迷宫。
- start: 636.721
  end: 642.526
  speaker: barron
  en: Behind me is the west rose window of Chartres Cathedral, one of the most magnificent in the world.
  zh: 在我身后，是沙特尔主教座堂西侧的玫瑰花窗，乃世上最壮丽的之一。
- start: 642.806
  end: 648.09
  speaker: barron
  en: It’s the same size and circumference as the labyrinth on the floor of the cathedral.
  zh: 它的大小与周长都与教堂地面上的那个迷宫完全相同。
- start: 648.351
  end: 661.842
  speaker: barron
  en: When the light is right, the colors of that window shine down perfectly on the labyrinth, and so it speaks of the Incarnation—the impregnation of the womb of the Virgin by heavenly light.
  zh: 当光线恰到好处时，那扇窗的色彩会完美地洒在迷宫之上，象征道成肉身——借着天上的光充满童贞女的子宫。
- start: 662.546
  end: 667.928
  speaker: barron
  en: This association allows us to see more deeply into another aspect of the mystery of Mary.
  zh: 这种关联让我们更深入地看到了马利亚奥秘的另一面。
- start: 668.448
  end: 672.829
  speaker: barron
  en: Mary is Zion; she is Israel.
  zh: 马利亚就是锡安；她就是以色列。
- start: 672.829
  end: 682.012
  speaker: barron
  en: She sums up the great figures of this holy people whom God had prepared over many centuries to receive His word.
  zh: 她概括了这个历经数百年预备、被神呼召来接受他话语的圣民中所有伟大人物。
- start: 686.134
  end: 690.075
  speaker: barron
  en: She is the daughter of Abraham, the first one to listen to God in faith.
  zh: 她是亚伯拉罕的女儿，那位首个以信心聆听神的人。
- start: 690.956
  end: 697.279
  speaker: barron
  en: She’s like Sarah, Hannah, and the mother of Samson, since she gives birth against all expectations.
  zh: 她就像撒拉、哈拿以及参孙的母亲，因为她在所有预料之外怀孕生子。
- start: 699.06
  end: 704.763
  speaker: barron
  en: She’s like Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, the great prophets who longed for the coming of the Messiah.
  zh: 她也像以赛亚、耶利米与以西结这些伟大的先知一般，渴望弥赛亚的到来。
- start: 706.924
  end: 715.869
  speaker: barron
  en: She is the fulfillment of the Ark of the Covenant and the Temple, since she becomes, in the most realistic way possible, the bearer of the divine word.
  zh: 她应验了约柜与圣殿的预表，因为她以最真实的方式成为了神的道的承载者。
- start: 717.56
  end: 725.983
  speaker: barron
  en: She’s like the author of the Psalms and the books of Wisdom and Proverbs, for she, as St. Luke puts it, reflects on these things in her heart.
  zh: 她又像诗篇、智慧书与箴言的作者，因为正如路加所写，她常把这一切事存在心里反复思想。
- start: 728.243
  end: 731.024
  speaker: barron
  en: Mary is Israel at its best.
  zh: 马利亚是以色列最美好的体现。
- start: 731.344
  end: 742.948
  speaker: barron
  en: Faithful, patient, attentive to God's word, and quick to respond to the divine promptings—how interesting that the word haste is used in connection with Mary.
  zh: 她忠诚、忍耐、留心神的话语，而且对神的引导反应迅速——有趣的是，“急忙”一词常与马利亚放在一起。
- start: 743.408
  end: 749.813
  speaker: barron
  en: St. Luke tells us that after the Annunciation, she proceeded in haste into the hill country.
  zh: 圣路加告诉我们，在天使报喜之后，她就急忙往山地去了。
- start: 750.534
  end: 756.255
  speaker: barron
  en: Israel was often slow in responding to God, but Mary moves.
  zh: 以色列常常对神的呼唤反应迟缓，而马利亚却行动起来。
- start: 757.576
  end: 773.101
  speaker: barron
  en: At the wedding feast of Cana, Mary turns to the servants and says, in the cadences of every prophet, teacher, and patriarch of Israel— and these are her last recorded words in the Gospels—Do whatever He tells you.
  zh: 在迦拿的婚宴上，马利亚对用人说道，语调里带着以色列所有先知、师长与族长的风范——而这也是她在福音书中留下的最后一句话：「他告诉你们什么，你们就做什么。」
- start: 779.761
  end: 791.685
  speaker: barron
  en: Well, I think there’s a danger within Catholic piety to express Mary in a kind of overly cloying, sentimental way, because she’s not really a sentimental figure in the Bible.
  zh: 我认为在公教的虔敬表达中，可能会有一种过度甜腻、感伤的方式去呈现马利亚，但她在圣经中并不是一个感伤的形象。
- start: 792.325
  end: 801.728
  speaker: barron
  en: 'Mary receives this message; she’s a canny young woman who asks the angel this sort of provocative question: Well, how is this possible?'
  zh: 马利亚接受了这信息；她是一个机敏的年轻女子，她会问天使这样带点挑战性的问题：「这事怎能成就呢？」
- start: 801.949
  end: 805.91
  speaker: barron
  en: Her integrity and intelligence are respected, and then she knows what to do.
  zh: 她的纯正与智慧得到尊重，随后她明白自己该如何做。
- start: 805.99
  end: 816.365
  speaker: barron
  en: She proceeded in haste to the hill country to visit her cousin, and then she moves through the history of salvation with this kind of courage and simplicity.
  zh: 她急忙前往山地看望她的亲戚，接着就在救恩历史中以这样的勇气与纯朴继续前行。
- start: 816.365
  end: 821.087
  speaker: barron
  en: So she’s not really a sentimental figure; she’s a strong biblical figure.
  zh: 因此她并非一个感伤的形象，而是一位坚韧的圣经人物。
- start: 821.087
  end: 825.369
  speaker: barron
  en: She’s the New Israel who follows the divine word.
  zh: 她就是那追随神的道的新以色列。
- start: 825.55
  end: 829.271
  speaker: barron
  en: So maybe that would be a danger as we over-sentimentalize Mary.
  zh: 若我们对马利亚过度感伤化，确实会有这样的误区。
- start: 830.032
  end: 831.393
  speaker: barron
  en: She’s the model disciple.
  zh: 她是门徒的典范。
- start: 831.393
  end: 835.915
  speaker: barron
  en: Augustine said that she’s the first disciple, and so she’s the model for all of us.
  zh: 奥古斯丁说过，她是第一位门徒，因此她是我们的榜样。
- start: 848.706
  end: 861.155
  speaker: barron
  en: As He was dying on the cross, Jesus looked to His mother and to the disciple whom He loved and said to Mary, Woman, here is your son, and then to John, Here is your mother.
  zh: 当耶稣在十字架上临终时，他看着自己的母亲和那所爱的门徒，对马利亚说：「母亲，看，你的儿子！」又对约翰说：「看，你的母亲！」
- start: 862.096
  end: 866.339
  speaker: barron
  en: We are told that from that hour, the disciple took her into his own home.
  zh: 我们得知，从那时候起，那门徒就接她到自己家里去了：「耶稣见母亲和他所爱的那门徒站在旁边，就对他母亲说：『母亲，看，你的儿子！』又对那门徒说：『看，你的母亲！』从此，那门徒就接她到自己家里去了。」
- start: 876.287
  end: 886.466
  speaker: barron
  en: This text supports an ancient tradition that the Apostle John would have taken Mary with him when he traveled to Ephesus in Asia Minor and that both ended their days in that city.
  zh: 这段经文支持了一项古老的传统：使徒约翰在前往小亚细亚的以弗所时，带着马利亚同行，并且他们二人在那里度过了晚年。
- start: 889.69
  end: 899.74
  speaker: barron
  en: Indeed, on the top of a high hill overlooking the Aegean Sea, just outside of Ephesus, there’s a modest dwelling that tradition holds to be the house of Mary.
  zh: 确实，在以弗所城外的一座高山上，俯瞰爱琴海之处，有一座简朴的宅院，传说那就是马利亚的住所。
- start: 910.346
  end: 920.893
  speaker: barron
  en: I’m standing in the ruins of the ancient cathedral church at Ephesus.
  zh: 我正站在以弗所古老主教座堂的遗址里。
- start: 921.434
  end: 929.458
  speaker: barron
  en: A council took place here in the year 431. At issue was the articulation of the nature and person of Jesus.
  zh: 公元431年，这里召开了一次会议。争论的焦点在于耶稣的本性与位格该如何陈述。
- start: 930.119
  end: 936.051
  speaker: barron
  en: 'Go back to that question that Jesus Himself posed at Banias: Who do people say that I am?'
  zh: 让我们回到耶稣自己在巴尼亚斯提出的问题：「人们说我是谁？」
- start: 936.991
  end: 944.054
  speaker: barron
  en: That question haunted the mind of the early Church, and the greatest intellects of the time strove mightily to answer it.
  zh: 这个问题在初期教会中始终环绕，人们当时最卓越的思想者竭尽全力加以回答。
- start: 944.714
  end: 959.16
  speaker: barron
  en: Progress was made at the Council of Nicaea in 325, then the Council of Constantinople in 381. But in the 420s, a new controversy arose due to the teaching of Nestorius, who was the bishop of Constantinople.
  zh: 325年的尼西亚大公会议和381年的君士坦丁堡大公会议都推动了此问题的进展。然而在420年代，因为当时君士坦丁堡的主教涅斯多留的教导，又出现了新的争议。
- start: 959.775
  end: 964.976
  speaker: barron
  en: He was very influenced by the Antioch school, which placed a great stress on the humanity of Jesus.
  zh: 他深受安提阿学派的影响，该学派极为强调耶稣的人性。
- start: 965.757
  end: 974.099
  speaker: barron
  en: He said that in Christ, two persons come together—divine and human—in a sort of intense moral union.
  zh: 他主张在基督里有两个位格——神性与人性——以一种强烈的道德结合相连。
- start: 974.54
  end: 985.323
  speaker: barron
  en: This meant that Mary, who was responsible for the human element in Jesus, could be called Christotokos, bearer of Christ, but not Theotokos, not Mother of God.
  zh: 因此，作为耶稣人性来源的马利亚，可以称为「基督之母」，却不该被称为「神之母」。
- start: 985.403
  end: 989.584
  speaker: barron
  en: In fact, Nestorius thought it was a height of blasphemy to say that God is a mother.
  zh: 实际上，涅斯多留认为称神有一位母亲是极大亵渎。
- start: 990.154
  end: 993.717
  speaker: barron
  en: Well, Cyril, who was the bishop of Alexandria, took issue with this.
  zh: 当时，亚历山大的主教区利罗对此提出了强烈反对。
- start: 994.137
  end: 1015.856
  speaker: barron
  en: He thought that Nestorius was a heretic and called for the council that met here in the summer of 431. After much deliberation, the council fathers determined that Jesus ought not to be thought of simply as a human person with an intense relationship to the person of God, for that would make Him a sort of supreme saint but not the Incarnate Son of God.
  zh: 他认定涅斯多留是异端，并呼吁在431年夏天于此召开会议。经过长时间的讨论，大公会议的教父们认定，不能将耶稣仅视为与神深度相合的人，因为那样只会把他当成某种至高的圣徒，而不是道成肉身的神的儿子。
- start: 1016.637
  end: 1035.098
  speaker: barron
  en: In His unique person, divinity and humanity come together, and this means, the council fathers concluded, that Nestorius was wrong to deny Mary her title Theotokos because if Jesus truly is divine and Mary is the mother of Jesus, she ought to be called the Mother of God.
  zh: 在耶稣独特的位格里，神性与人性合一。因此，大公会议的教父们断言，涅斯多留否认马利亚「神之母」的称号是错误的；因为若耶稣确实是神，而马利亚是耶稣的母亲，那么她就应当被称为神之母。
- start: 1035.619
  end: 1042.041
  speaker: barron
  en: When this formal declaration was made, the common people of Ephesus celebrated that night with a torch-lit parade.
  zh: 当该宣告正式颁布时，以弗所的民众在夜间举行了火把游行以示庆祝。
- start: 1042.041
  end: 1052.701
  speaker: barron
  en: This is a very good example of the general principle that whatever we say about Mary is meant not so much to draw attention to her as to Christ.
  zh: 这正是一个极好的例子：我们对马利亚所说的一切，并非要凸显她自己，而是要强调基督。
- start: 1053.301
  end: 1064.025
  speaker: barron
  en: To say that Mary is the Mother of God is to defend that densely textured claim that Jesus truly is divine, that in Him God became one of us.
  zh: 宣称马利亚是神之母，正是要捍卫这样一个内涵丰富的真理：耶稣确实拥有神性，神在他之中真正成为我们的一员。
- start: 1064.746
  end: 1072.229
  speaker: barron
  en: Fulton J. Sheen said that Mary is like the moon; hers is always a reflected light coming from a greater source.
  zh: 富尔顿·J·辛曾说，马利亚就像月亮；她的光芒永远是从更伟大的源头反射而来。
- start: 1133.685
  end: 1149.174
  speaker: barron
  en: 'There are two doctrines concerning Mary that were formally declared only in relatively recent years, but whose provenance is quite ancient: the dogmas of the Immaculate Conception and the Assumption of the Virgin.'
  zh: 关于马利亚有两条教义，虽然正式颁布的时间比较近，但其根源却相当久远：那就是「无染原罪」与「圣母升天」的信条。
- start: 1149.695
  end: 1160.359
  speaker: barron
  en: Notice how physical, even disturbingly so, these teachings are; how they compel us to see God's activity in regard to the lowly human body.
  zh: 请注意，这些教义在何等程度上是具体的、甚至会让人惊异；它们迫使我们看见神在卑微的人类身体上所施行的工作。
- start: 1160.98
  end: 1167.923
  speaker: barron
  en: In this, once again, they are Christological in purpose since they speak of the Incarnation.
  zh: 在这方面，它们再次展现出基督论的意义，因为它们谈及了道成肉身。
- start: 1174.455
  end: 1183.777
  speaker: barron
  en: In 1854, Pope Pius IX declared that Mary, through a special grace, was preserved free from original sin from the moment of her conception.
  zh: 1854年，教宗庇护九世宣告，马利亚借着特殊的恩典，自她受孕的那一刻起便免于原罪。
- start: 1184.217
  end: 1189.179
  speaker: barron
  en: This is why the angel at the Annunciation could refer to her as full of grace.
  zh: 这也就是为什么在天使报喜时，天使会称她为「蒙大恩的女子」。
- start: 1189.819
  end: 1197.741
  speaker: barron
  en: Were she simply like the rest of us, tainted by original sin, she would have fallen almost certainly into a variety of actual sins.
  zh: 若她与我们毫无二致，都带着原罪，她便极可能在实际生活中陷于各种罪中。
- start: 1198.421
  end: 1206.494
  speaker: barron
  en: But God preserved her from sin and hence filled her with grace from the first moment of her life.
  zh: 然而，神使她免于罪，因此在她生命伊始就以恩典充满她。
- start: 1210.138
  end: 1211.699
  speaker: barron
  en: And why would God do this?
  zh: 那神为什么要这样做？
- start: 1212.119
  end: 1215.882
  speaker: barron
  en: Wouldn't this teaching somehow imply that Mary doesn't need to be saved?
  zh: 这种说法是否暗示马利亚并不需要被拯救？
- start: 1216.563
  end: 1225.009
  speaker: barron
  en: Well, the answer traditionally to the first question is that God wants to prepare a worthy vessel for the reception of His word.
  zh: 对此，第一个问题的传统答案是：神要为他的话语预备一个合宜的器皿。
- start: 1225.69
  end: 1236.942
  speaker: barron
  en: Just as the Holy of Holies in the Jerusalem Temple was kept pure and inviolate, so this definitive Temple, this new Holy of Holies, should be untrammeled.
  zh: 正如耶路撒冷圣殿里的至圣所被保持纯洁与尊崇，这座最终极的圣殿、这新的至圣所在本质上也当未受玷染。
- start: 1237.882
  end: 1245.567
  speaker: barron
  en: He also knew that Mary would play a decisive role in the history of salvation, that she'd be tightly associated with the work of her Son.
  zh: 他也知道马利亚在救恩历史中将扮演决定性的角色，与他儿子的作为紧密相连。
- start: 1246.307
  end: 1252.431
  speaker: barron
  en: Therefore, it was fitting and appropriate that she, like Him, should be sinless.
  zh: 因此，让她与耶稣一样无罪是合宜而且适切的。
- start: 1254.692
  end: 1261.821
  speaker: barron
  en: 'The answer to the second question is this: Mary is like the rest of us, saved by the grace of Christ.'
  zh: 对第二个问题的回答是：马利亚与我们一样，都靠基督的恩典得救。
- start: 1262.101
  end: 1272.39
  speaker: barron
  en: But since that grace is, properly speaking, eternal or outside of time, it can be applied in a way that undermines the ordinary rhythm of time.
  zh: 但由于那份恩典就其实质而言是永恒的，或在时间之外，因此它可以以某种方式施行，超越了寻常的时序。
- start: 1272.911
  end: 1282.459
  speaker: barron
  en: Thus, it was by a kind of preemptive strike that Christ's grace removed sin from the Blessed Mother even before Christ appeared physically.
  zh: 因此，正是透过某种先行的恩宠，使基督的恩典在基督尚未亲身降临前，就已除去了那位蒙福之母的罪。
- start: 1294.198
  end: 1302.272
  speaker: barron
  en: This doctrine received a most surprising ratification in a humble French town nestled in the foothills of the Pyrenees.
  zh: 这一教义在比利牛斯山脚下的一个简陋法兰西小镇上，获得了最令人惊讶的印证。
- start: 1348.539
  end: 1348.539
  speaker: barron
  en: In February of 1858, the six members of the Subiru family lived in this tiny one-room hovel.
  zh: 1858年2月，苏比鲁一家六口就住在这间只有一房的小破屋里。
- start: 1348.539
  end: 1351.92
  speaker: barron
  en: It was called the Cachot because it was a converted prison.
  zh: 这里被称作「卡修」，因为它原本是一座改造过的监狱。
- start: 1352.34
  end: 1362.002
  speaker: barron
  en: The city officials of Lourdes evidently felt that the conditions here were too harsh and primitive for the prisoners; really, it was little more than a cave.
  zh: 卢尔德的市政官员显然觉得这里的环境对囚犯而言过于严酷与简陋；实际上，这里几乎就是个山洞。
- start: 1367.023
  end: 1379.465
  speaker: barron
  en: On February 11, 1858, the eldest Subiru child, Bernadette, made her way from this place to Massabielle, a garbage dump on the outskirts of the little town of Lourdes.
  zh: 1858年2月11日，苏比鲁的长女——伯纳德特，从这里前往卢尔德小镇郊外的垃圾堆——马莎比耶。
- start: 1382.647
  end: 1388.169
  speaker: barron
  en: She'd come there with one of her sisters and a friend to look for wood with which to heat her family’s home.
  zh: 她与妹妹和一位朋友来此拾柴，为家中取暖。
- start: 1388.75
  end: 1395.653
  speaker: barron
  en: While her friends scampered away, Bernadette, due to her asthma, stayed behind near the fast-flowing river.
  zh: 当她的同伴四处跑动时，身患哮喘的伯纳德特留在湍急的河流旁边。
- start: 1396.254
  end: 1399.455
  speaker: barron
  en: She felt a puff of wind and heard a sound.
  zh: 她感到一阵风，并听到了一阵响动。
- start: 1400.083
  end: 1408.35
  speaker: barron
  en: When she turned to see what had caused the stir, she spied a beautiful young woman clothed in white and with a yellow rose on each of her feet.
  zh: 回头察看究竟时，只见一位美丽的年轻女子，全身披着白衣，两只脚上各有一朵黄玫瑰。
- start: 1412.614
  end: 1420.221
  speaker: barron
  en: Instinctually, Bernadette reached for her rosary, and the woman, who had a spectacular rosary of pearl, began to pray along with her.
  zh: 出于本能，伯纳德特掏出自己的念珠，而那位女子则拿出一串华美的珍珠念珠，与她一起祈祷。
- start: 1420.742
  end: 1426.006
  speaker: barron
  en: When Bernadette finished the prayer, the woman smiled and disappeared.
  zh: 当伯纳德特完成祈祷后，那女子微笑着，随后隐去。
- start: 1428.789
  end: 1434.953
  speaker: barron
  en: Bernadette felt compelled to return to Massabielle, so the next day she came to the spot with a few of her friends.
  zh: 伯纳德特觉得自己必须再回到马莎比耶，所以隔日她就带着几位同伴一起来到那处。
- start: 1435.213
  end: 1444.419
  speaker: barron
  en: 'She again saw the lady, but this time the mysterious visitor spoke: Would you do me the favor of returning for the next 15 days?'
  zh: 她再度看到了那位女子，而这回那位神秘来访者开口说：「你可以恩准我，在接下来的十五天每天都来这里吗？」
- start: 1445.099
  end: 1454.305
  speaker: barron
  en: 'Then she had a message for the priests: Build a temple on this site and let processions come.'
  zh: 随后，她给司祭们带了信息：「在此处建一座圣堂，并让人们来此朝圣游行。」
- start: 1471.291
  end: 1476.995
  speaker: barron
  en: When Bernadette brought this message to the parish priest, Father Parimal, she was sharply rebuked.
  zh: 但当伯纳德特将此讯息告诉堂区的帕里马尔神父时，却遭到了严厉的斥责。
- start: 1477.635
  end: 1481.057
  speaker: barron
  en: Yet she continued, despite mockery and official opposition.
  zh: 即使面对嘲笑与当局的阻挠，她仍旧坚持下去。
- start: 1482.339
  end: 1486.841
  speaker: barron
  en: On one of her visits, the lady asked her to dig into the ground and find a spring.
  zh: 某次探访中，那女子要求她挖开地面，找出一股泉水。
- start: 1487.562
  end: 1490.724
  speaker: barron
  en: When she did so, people thought that she had lost her mind.
  zh: 她照办时，人们都以为她疯了。
- start: 1491.621
  end: 1498.906
  speaker: barron
  en: But in time, water indeed flowed from the spot, and eventually, a severely crippled young boy was cured after bathing in it.
  zh: 可是，不久后那处果然涌出泉水，并且有一位重度残疾的男孩在那水中沐浴后痊愈了。
- start: 1504.03
  end: 1508.693
  speaker: barron
  en: Bernadette came for those 15 days, and she communed with the lady.
  zh: 在那十五天里，伯纳德特日日前来，与那女子相会。
- start: 1508.893
  end: 1514.617
  speaker: barron
  en: But despite the speculations of many, she never claimed to know who this mysterious visitor was.
  zh: 尽管外界众说纷纭，但她从未声称自己知道这神秘来访者的真实身份。
- start: 1514.877
  end: 1522.047
  speaker: barron
  en: She referred to her only as the lady or, in her own local dialect, Aquero, that one.
  zh: 她只称呼对方为「那位女士」，或用当地土语称之为「Aquero」，意指「那一位」。
- start: 1524.329
  end: 1530.733
  speaker: barron
  en: On March 24th, the eve of the Feast of the Annunciation, she felt an inner impulse to go to the grotto.
  zh: 3月24日，正值天使报喜瞻礼前夕，她心中感到一股力量催促自己前往山洞。
- start: 1533.836
  end: 1538.459
  speaker: barron
  en: The lady was there to meet her, and Bernadette felt the urge to ask her name.
  zh: 那位女士准时在那里等待她，伯纳德特强烈地想要问对方的名字。
- start: 1540.24
  end: 1557.462
  speaker: barron
  en: Three times she petitioned, and finally, the lady looked at her with a serious expression, and her voice trembling with emotion, she said, I am the Immaculate Conception.
  zh: 她问了三次，终于，那位女士神情严肃，声音因激动而微颤，说道：「我是无玷始胎。」
- start: 1567.234
  end: 1572.399
  speaker: barron
  en: How wonderful and typical that Mary should appear to such a poor and humble soul!
  zh: 马利亚竟向这样一位贫困卑微的人显现，这是多么奇妙，又是多么典型！
- start: 1576.112
  end: 1584.194
  speaker: barron
  en: In her great Magnificat in Luke's Gospel, Mary sings the praises of the God who cast down the mighty from their thrones and lifted up the lowly.
  zh: 在路加福音里马利亚的尊主颂中，她赞颂那位使有权者失位、却抬举卑微者的神。
- start: 1586.535
  end: 1601.318
  speaker: barron
  en: Bernadette, who was herself something of a cave girl, was visited by the Immaculate Conception, by the Queen of Heaven, who received the message of the angel in a hovel and gave birth to the Son of God in a cave.
  zh: 伯纳德特本身有些像个住在山洞的女孩，却获得了「无玷始胎」与「天上之后」的探访；那位在一间破屋里领受天使报喜、并在洞穴里生下神儿子的女性。
- start: 1621.946
  end: 1629.291
  speaker: barron
  en: We have such a prejudice; I think it’s that we’re these cool moderns with analytical scientific minds, and those poor people back then—poor things!
  zh: 我们其实怀着某种偏见；我想我们自认为是思想冷静、善于分析的现代人，而那些过去的穷苦人就——多可怜！
- start: 1629.291
  end: 1633.434
  speaker: barron
  en: You know, this goofy girl comes up with this crazy story, and they all believe her.
  zh: 你看，这个傻乎乎的女孩编了个荒诞的故事，他们却全都相信了。
- start: 1633.434
  end: 1636.316
  speaker: barron
  en: That’s a complete act of condescension on our part.
  zh: 这完全是我们在居高临下地看待他们。
- start: 1636.316
  end: 1637.517
  speaker: barron
  en: These were no fools.
  zh: 可他们并不是傻子。
- start: 1637.517
  end: 1640.739
  speaker: barron
  en: I mean, they might have been uneducated, but they weren’t fools.
  zh: 是的，他们或许没受过教育，但绝不愚蠢。
- start: 1640.739
  end: 1657.392
  speaker: barron
  en: And in fact, there was a very subtle set of criteria, you might say, that people in this part of the world—uneducated, unsophisticated but canny—used to determine the difference between someone who’s just carrying on in a crazy way and someone who really has seen something.
  zh: 实际上，这个地方的人——虽缺乏教育而不算文雅，却颇有机敏——所采用的一套微妙标准能分辨一个人是乱编疯话，还是确有实见。
- start: 1658.033
  end: 1662.017
  speaker: barron
  en: They applied those criteria; I mean, they analyzed what she had said.
  zh: 他们应用了那些标准；他们细细推敲她所说的话。
- start: 1662.217
  end: 1666.04
  speaker: barron
  en: She was, you know, poked and prodded in so many ways.
  zh: 她在各种程度上都被审问、被试探。
- start: 1666.121
  end: 1675.309
  speaker: barron
  en: Part of the charm of Bernadette was that she was so blunt and ordinary and straightforward in her account, and she was very consistent.
  zh: 伯纳德特之所以令人信服，部分原因在于她的叙述既直率又平凡，且说法十分一致。
- start: 1677.179
  end: 1680.94
  speaker: barron
  en: You know, there’s a principle articulated by Gamaliel; it’s in the Acts of the Apostles.
  zh: 你看，迦玛列在使徒行传里就阐明了一个原则。
- start: 1680.94
  end: 1683.301
  speaker: barron
  en: When they were saying, Shouldn’t we get rid of these Christians?
  zh: 当时有人说：「我们是不是该把这些基督徒除掉？」
- start: 1683.361
  end: 1686.522
  speaker: barron
  en: he very wisely said, Look, why don’t we leave them alone?
  zh: 他很明智地回应：「先让他们且行且看吧。」
- start: 1686.642
  end: 1689.023
  speaker: barron
  en: If they’re not of God, they’re just going to fade away.
  zh: 如果他们不出于神，必会自行消亡。
- start: 1689.103
  end: 1693.545
  speaker: barron
  en: If they are of God and we fight them, we will find ourselves fighting God.
  zh: 倘若他们属神，而我们却与之斗争，最后只会发现自己在与神为敌。
- start: 1693.545
  end: 1695.606
  speaker: barron
  en: That’s a really good principle.
  zh: 这是个极佳的准则。
- start: 1695.646
  end: 1697.226
  speaker: barron
  en: So something’s going on; something happened.
  zh: 可见必然有所发生，有些事确实发生了。
- start: 1697.226
  end: 1697.766
  speaker: barron
  en: What do we do?
  zh: 那么我们该怎么办？
- start: 1697.766
  end: 1701.628
  speaker: barron
  en: Why don’t we leave it alone and see what happens?
  zh: 不如先放任其发展，看看结果如何？
- start: 1702.557
  end: 1707.643
  speaker: barron
  en: Think of all the people who’ve claimed extraordinary visions or locutions, or they’ve seen something.
  zh: 想想那些曾宣称见到奇异异象、听到神秘启示或看见某些事迹的人。
- start: 1707.643
  end: 1708.664
  speaker: barron
  en: What’s come of it?
  zh: 最终结果如何？
- start: 1708.664
  end: 1710.906
  speaker: barron
  en: Nothing; it fades away over time.
  zh: 没什么后续，它们大多随着时间消失了。
- start: 1710.987
  end: 1717.934
  speaker: barron
  en: Then you look at this and you say, well, with the Gamaliel principle, if we were fighting this, we probably were fighting God.
  zh: 然后再看这个事例，依照迦玛列原则，若我们当时抗拒它，极可能就是在抵挡神。
- start: 1739.946
  end: 1749.233
  speaker: barron
  en: The Assumption of the Virgin was declared as a dogma of the Church only in 1950 by Pope Pius XII, but the roots of this doctrine are very ancient.
  zh: 「圣母升天」这一教义直到1950年才由教宗庇护十二世正式宣布为教会信理，但其渊源十分古老。
- start: 1749.853
  end: 1755.998
  speaker: barron
  en: The teaching is that Mary, at the close of her earthly life, was assumed body and soul into heaven.
  zh: 该教条宣示：马利亚在地上生命结束时，肉身与灵魂一同被接往天堂。
- start: 1756.759
  end: 1765.465
  speaker: barron
  en: Now I know this can strike the modern mind as bizarre or mythological, but consider the non-dualism of the Bible.
  zh: 我知道这对现代人的思维而言，或许听来离奇甚至像神话。但我们要思考圣经中并不将身与灵二分的观念。
- start: 1766.243
  end: 1776.448
  speaker: barron
  en: Biblical religion is not Greek philosophy; it doesn't set the soul over and against the body, nor does it construe salvation as the escape of the soul from the body.
  zh: 圣经的信仰并非希腊哲学；它不将灵魂与身体相对立，也不把救赎视为灵魂对身体的逃离。
- start: 1776.728
  end: 1783.751
  speaker: barron
  en: Rather, it sees salvation as the transfiguration, the perfection, the elevation of the whole self.
  zh: 反倒认为救赎是整体的变容、完善，与提升。
- start: 1786.513
  end: 1791.915
  speaker: barron
  en: Indeed, it calls not for an escape from this world but for a new heavens and a new earth.
  zh: 事实上，它所呼求的并非脱离此世，而是新天新地的降临。
- start: 1795.777
  end: 1800.599
  speaker: barron
  en: Mary was assumed body and soul into heaven, and again, we shouldn’t think about this in spatial terms.
  zh: 马利亚灵体同被接升天，再次提醒我们不应该以空间的概念来理解这件事。
- start: 1800.599
  end: 1807.183
  speaker: barron
  en: 'It means just this: the elevation of Mary in the entirety of a person into the dimension of God.'
  zh: 其意义在于：马利亚整个人在神的领域中被提升。
- start: 1807.183
  end: 1813.365
  speaker: barron
  en: At the end of the Apostles' Creed, we hear about the resurrection of the body.
  zh: 在《使徒信经》的末尾，我们听到对身体复活的宣告。
- start: 1813.606
  end: 1819.248
  speaker: barron
  en: Well, Mary is someone who has experienced precisely this definitive salvation.
  zh: 而马利亚就是那位确实经历了这最终救恩的人。
- start: 1820.329
  end: 1829.444
  speaker: barron
  en: The doctrine of the Assumption of Mary takes with great seriousness this world of ours and these lowly bodies of ours.
  zh: 关于马利亚升天的教理，极其郑重地看待我们所处的世界以及我们卑微的身体。
- start: 1847.268
  end: 1852.209
  speaker: barron
  en: When we talk about the dormition of Mary, which is actually a very interesting idea, we say that Mary fell asleep.
  zh: 当我们谈及马利亚的「安眠」，这其实是个很有意思的概念；我们说马利亚好像睡去了。
- start: 1852.455
  end: 1857.238
  speaker: barron
  en: What would it be like for a sinless person to pass from this world to the next?
  zh: 对一个无罪之人来说，从此世进到来世会是如何的情形？
- start: 1857.799
  end: 1865.624
  speaker: barron
  en: We sinners experience death as something kind of horrible because we’re alienated from God, and so we approach death with a kind of horror or terror.
  zh: 我们这些罪人之所以对死亡感到恐惧，是因我们与神隔离，所以面对死亡时会有惧怕感。
- start: 1865.625
  end: 1866.985
  speaker: barron
  en: What if you were sinless?
  zh: 若你是无罪的呢？
- start: 1867.146
  end: 1870.208
  speaker: barron
  en: Being sinless, you’re utterly responsive to God’s will.
  zh: 无罪之人完全顺服于神的旨意。
- start: 1870.208
  end: 1874.732
  speaker: barron
  en: Wouldn’t the transition from this life to the next be a bit like falling asleep?
  zh: 那么从此生过渡到来世，岂不会就像入睡那般？
- start: 1874.732
  end: 1881.096
  speaker: barron
  en: When you fall asleep, when I fall asleep tonight, I don’t do so in terror; I do so with great confidence that I’m going to wake up and go on with my life.
  zh: 就如人在夜里入睡时，并不会怀着恐惧，而是相信自己会醒来，继续生活。
- start: 1881.198
  end: 1888.224
  speaker: barron
  en: So, a saint, or even now a sinless person— a sinless Mother of God— wouldn’t she fall asleep in the Lord?
  zh: 因此，一位圣徒，或甚至现在一位无罪之人——一位无罪的神之母——难道不会在主里安然入睡吗？
- start: 1888.244
  end: 1893.468
  speaker: barron
  en: To me, it’s a very telling way to describe the difference in the way Mary left this world.
  zh: 在我看来，用「安眠」来形容马利亚离世的方式，极具启示意义。
- start: 1893.909
  end: 1904.017
  speaker: barron
  en: So, I think those teachings about Mary, though they can strike us first as kind of weird and mythological, are actually very telling; they cut right to the heart of what Christianity is about.
  zh: 因此，我认为这些关于马利亚的教导，虽然从表面看可能略显奇异或像神话，实则十分关键；它们直指基督信仰的核心。
- start: 1915.635
  end: 1927.262
  speaker: barron
  en: Immaculate Mary, the Mother of God, assumed body and soul into heaven, is not of merely historical interest, nor is she simply a powerful spiritual exemplar.
  zh: 那无染原罪、为神之母的马利亚，灵体同被接升天，并不只是个历史话题，也不只是一个强而有力的属灵榜样而已。
- start: 1927.862
  end: 1935.627
  speaker: barron
  en: Rather, as the Queen of all the Saints, Mary is an ongoing presence, an actor in the life of the Church.
  zh: 相反，作为众圣之母后的马利亚，依然在教会的生命中持续地在场、在行动。
- start: 1936.227
  end: 1940.93
  speaker: barron
  en: Her basic task, as always, is to draw people into fellowship with her Son.
  zh: 她的根本使命，自始至终，都在于带领人们与她的儿子相交合一。
- start: 1941.67
  end: 1949.573
  speaker: barron
  en: The Church believes that in a mysterious way, Mary continues to say yes to God and to go forth on mission.
  zh: 教会相信，马利亚以一种神秘的方式，继续向神说「是」，并继续奔赴使命。
- start: 1966.381
  end: 1972.103
  speaker: barron
  en: There are literally tens of thousands of reports of apparitions of the Blessed Mother up and down the Catholic centuries.
  zh: 在公教会历史的漫长岁月里，据说有成千上万起关于这位蒙福之母显现的报告。
- start: 1972.486
  end: 1975.047
  speaker: barron
  en: We’ve already explored the appearance to Bernadette at Lourdes.
  zh: 我们先前探讨了她在卢尔德向伯纳德特的显现。
- start: 1975.047
  end: 1988.031
  speaker: barron
  en: I want now to turn to a most extraordinary encounter between the Blessed Mother and, typically enough, one of her little ones.
  zh: 现在，我想提一个更加特别的相遇：蒙福之母与一位小人物之间的故事（这正是她通常所拣选的人）。
- start: 1990.892
  end: 2005.594
  speaker: barron
  en: On December 9th, 1531, just about ten years after the Spaniards first brought the faith to this part of the world, an Indian man named Juan Diego, a recent convert to the faith, was making his way here along this hill of Tepeyac, where I’m standing.
  zh: 1531年12月9日，大约在西班牙人首次将信仰带到此地的十年后，一位名叫胡安·迭戈的印第安人——他是刚刚归信的基督徒——在我所站的特佩亚克山这一路上前行。
- start: 2005.594
  end: 2007.155
  speaker: barron
  en: He was on his way to Mass.
  zh: 他正要去望弥撒。
- start: 2007.536
  end: 2009.937
  speaker: barron
  en: He heard a burst of birdsong.
  zh: 他听见忽然传来一阵鸟鸣。
- start: 2009.937
  end: 2018.664
  speaker: barron
  en: 'He turned to see where it was coming from, and he saw an extraordinary sight: there was a woman clothed in celestial light.'
  zh: 他回头查看声源，只见到令人惊叹的一幕：一位身披天上光彩的女子伫立于此。
- start: 2019.205
  end: 2029.493
  speaker: barron
  en: 'She announced herself as the Mother of the Most High God, and she had a simple request for Juan Diego: he would ask the bishop to build a temple here in her honor.'
  zh: 她宣称自己是至高神的母亲，并向胡安·迭戈提出一个简单的请求：请他去见主教，为纪念她而在此建一座圣堂。
- start: 2030.506
  end: 2034.308
  speaker: barron
  en: Being a simple, humble man, Juan Diego went directly to the bishop.
  zh: 胡安·迭戈为人朴实谦卑，他立即去见那位主教。
- start: 2034.569
  end: 2040.232
  speaker: barron
  en: He relayed the story to him; he took it in, but he also said, I’d like a sign.
  zh: 他向主教转达了此事；主教听完后说：「我想要一个凭证。」
- start: 2041.373
  end: 2044.595
  speaker: barron
  en: Juan Diego returned to Tepeyac on December 12th.
  zh: 胡安·迭戈于12月12日再次回到特佩亚克。
- start: 2044.655
  end: 2052.42
  speaker: barron
  en: She invited him to take off his tilma, that was a simple coarse garment worn by peasants; it was woven from cactus fibers.
  zh: 那女子请他脱下坎特，即农民所穿的简陋粗麻衣，用仙人掌纤维编织而成。
- start: 2052.921
  end: 2059.325
  speaker: barron
  en: In that tilma, she helped him to arrange a group of roses that were blooming despite the lateness of the year.
  zh: 她帮他在那件坎特里放了一束玫瑰花，明明已是年末，玫瑰却仍然盛开。
- start: 2059.522
  end: 2061.502
  speaker: barron
  en: That would be the sign for the bishop.
  zh: 那就成了要给主教的标记。
- start: 2061.722
  end: 2065.363
  speaker: barron
  en: Juan Diego took the bundle of roses and went directly to the bishop.
  zh: 胡安·迭戈捧着这束玫瑰，立刻前去见主教。
- start: 2065.743
  end: 2067.403
  speaker: barron
  en: He was made to wait for a while.
  zh: 他被要求等候一阵。
- start: 2067.424
  end: 2072.564
  speaker: barron
  en: They say that officious aides of the bishop tried to find out what he was hiding in the tilma, but he wouldn't show them.
  zh: 据说，主教那些多事的随从试图探看他藏在坎特里的东西，但他不肯让他们看。
- start: 2072.905
  end: 2075.525
  speaker: barron
  en: Finally, he was ushered into the bishop’s presence.
  zh: 最终，他被引见到主教面前。
- start: 2075.545
  end: 2078.346
  speaker: barron
  en: He opened the tilma, and the roses spilled to the ground.
  zh: 他敞开坎特，玫瑰便落在地上。
- start: 2078.346
  end: 2092.827
  speaker: barron
  en: 'But then, to his great surprise, the bishop and his aides were kneeling because something even more amazing had happened: on the inside of the tilma, there was the image of the woman clothed in light.'
  zh: 然而，让他大感意外的是，主教及其随从竟都跪下了，因为发生了更神奇的事：在坎特的里侧，显现了一位披着光芒的女子形象。
- start: 2102.716
  end: 2107.84
  speaker: barron
  en: One might be tempted to say, Oh, it’s a charming story from a simpler, more credulous time.
  zh: 有些人也许会说：「噢，这是个来自更纯朴、更轻信时代的动人传说。」
- start: 2108.06
  end: 2114.666
  speaker: barron
  en: But the best counter-indication to the skeptics is the tilma itself, which you can see directly behind me.
  zh: 不过，对质疑者最有力的反驳，正是那件坎特本身，你在我身后就能直接看到。
- start: 2115.029
  end: 2125.622
  speaker: barron
  en: Studies have shown that it is indeed from the 16th century, and it is indeed woven from those simple cactus fibers which, under the best of circumstances, would normally last 20 or 25 years.
  zh: 研究显示，它确实出自16世纪；确实是由那种普通的仙人掌纤维所编织，一般情况下这类纤维最久也只会保存二十或二十五年。
- start: 2125.622
  end: 2129.445
  speaker: barron
  en: And yet there it is, 500 years later.
  zh: 然而，五百年后的今天它依然完好。
- start: 2145.187
  end: 2155.77
  speaker: barron
  en: And the image—the strange and beautiful image—careful studies have revealed that no known pigmentation was involved in the making of it, and no underdrawing is discernible.
  zh: 再说到那幅既奇异又美丽的图像；经过细致研究，发现它并非出自已知的任何颜料，也看不出任何底稿的痕迹。
- start: 2156.811
  end: 2160.692
  speaker: barron
  en: More to it, the symbolic power of it is extraordinary.
  zh: 不仅如此，它所蕴含的象征力量更是非凡。
- start: 2162.333
  end: 2169.035
  speaker: barron
  en: Here is a mestiza—not a Spaniard, not an Aztec, but a blend of the two races.
  zh: 图中是一位梅斯蒂索血统的女子——既不是西班牙人，也不是阿兹特克人，而是两种血缘的融合。
- start: 2169.595
  end: 2174.219
  speaker: barron
  en: She’s called by the Mexicans La Morena, the brown-skinned girl.
  zh: 墨西哥人称她为「La Morena」，即那位棕色皮肤的少女。
- start: 2175.699
  end: 2179.301
  speaker: barron
  en: The cincture that she wears was an Aztec sign of pregnancy.
  zh: 她腰间束着的带子是阿兹特克象征怀孕的标志。
- start: 2180.842
  end: 2186.124
  speaker: barron
  en: She stands in front of the sun and on the moon, and her cloak is bedecked with stars.
  zh: 她立于太阳之前、月亮之上，披风上缀满了星辰。
- start: 2186.684
  end: 2191.046
  speaker: barron
  en: Sun, moon, and stars were all gods for the ancient Aztecs.
  zh: 对古阿兹特克人而言，日、月与星辰都是神祇。
- start: 2192.267
  end: 2194.688
  speaker: barron
  en: This woman is greater than they.
  zh: 而这女子却高过它们。
- start: 2195.488
  end: 2203.172
  speaker: barron
  en: At the same time, she keeps her eyes down and her hands folded in prayer, acknowledging that there is one greater than she.
  zh: 然而同时，她双目低垂，双手合十，显明自己仍有至高者在上。
- start: 2204.934
  end: 2210.619
  speaker: barron
  en: Her name, Guadalupe, is probably a Spanish deformation of Coatlacue.
  zh: 她的名字「瓜达卢佩」，很可能是西班牙语对「科阿特拉奎」的转写。
- start: 2210.859
  end: 2214.162
  speaker: barron
  en: It means the one who crushes the serpent.
  zh: 它的含义是「践踏蛇者」。
- start: 2214.883
  end: 2222.209
  speaker: barron
  en: The serpent was another chief Aztec divinity, and the crusher of the serpent is the one predicted in the book of Genesis.
  zh: 在阿兹特克神话中，那条蛇是另一位主要神祇，而践踏蛇者正是《创世记》中所预言的那位。
- start: 2229.594
  end: 2240.444
  speaker: barron
  en: It is an undisputed fact that within 10 years of the apparition, almost the entire Mexican nation was converted to Christianity—nine million people.
  zh: 毫无争议的事实是，该显现发生后十年之内，几乎整个墨西哥民族都皈依了基督信仰，人数高达九百万。
- start: 2240.864
  end: 2249.512
  speaker: barron
  en: This amounts to approximately 3,000 people per day for 10 years—a mini Pentecost every day for a decade.
  zh: 这相当于每日有三千人归信，连续十年不间断——可说是持续十年的小型五旬节。
- start: 2250.593
  end: 2254.877
  speaker: barron
  en: And the image continues to beguile, fascinate, and beckon.
  zh: 而那图像至今仍然让人着迷、令人惊叹，并不断召唤着世人。
- start: 2255.58
  end: 2260.383
  speaker: barron
  en: The shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe is one of the most visited religious sites in the Christian world.
  zh: 瓜达卢佩圣母的圣殿是基督信仰中最受人朝拜的宗教场所之一。
- start: 2261.203
  end: 2271.649
  speaker: barron
  en: People come here by the millions to commune with La Morena, some approaching her in supplication, penitence, or gratitude on their knees.
  zh: 每年数以百万计的人来到此处，与那位「褐肤圣母」相交祈祷，有些人更是跪着走近，带着恳求、忏悔或感恩之心。
- start: 2284.482
  end: 2289.804
  speaker: barron
  en: There are literally tens of thousands of stories of Marian apparitions up and down the centuries.
  zh: 在历经数世纪的历史中，关于圣母显现的传说可谓成千上万。
- start: 2289.804
  end: 2294.927
  speaker: barron
  en: Let’s say many of which, if not most, are questionable.
  zh: 我们可以说，其中许多（如果不是大多数的话）都值得商榷。
- start: 2294.927
  end: 2300.769
  speaker: barron
  en: There are, however, some—maybe a handful—that are harder to dismiss, and they kind of haunt the mind.
  zh: 但也有些，或许只是少数，却并不那么容易被否定，让人难以忘怀。
- start: 2300.789
  end: 2305.751
  speaker: barron
  en: There’s something about the detail of them, something about the integrity of the account.
  zh: 它们的细节以及叙述本身的完整性，都给人留下了深刻印象。
- start: 2305.751
  end: 2308.773
  speaker: barron
  en: But then also, I would say, the consequences.
  zh: 然后，我还会看它所带来的结果。
- start: 2308.893
  end: 2312.775
  speaker: barron
  en: You judge the spiritual act by its fruit.
  zh: 你可以凭其结果而判断这是否是一种属灵的作为。
- start: 2312.775
  end: 2314.022
  speaker: barron
  en: What’s the result of it?
  zh: 那么，它带来了什么结果呢？
- start: 2314.022
  end: 2321.725
  speaker: barron
  en: You look at a place like this and you can see this massive—first of all, the conversion of Mexico—which is the most extraordinary thing about Guadalupe.
  zh: 当你看到这种景象时，首先就会发现墨西哥人的广大归信——这是瓜达卢佩事件中最为惊人的事。
- start: 2321.725
  end: 2329.629
  speaker: barron
  en: Within 10 years of the apparition, the entire country has been converted, while prior to that, the Franciscans, after about 10 years, had made very few inroads.
  zh: 在圣母显现后的短短十年里，整个墨西哥几乎都皈依了基督信仰。而在此之前，方济各会传教十年却几乎没什么进展。
- start: 2329.629
  end: 2333.531
  speaker: barron
  en: Juan Diego was kind of an odd duck—an Aztec who had become a Christian.
  zh: 胡安·迭戈原本堪称一个异类——一名皈依了基督信仰的阿兹特克人。
- start: 2333.571
  end: 2336.552
  speaker: barron
  en: In the wake of Guadalupe, the entire country is converted.
  zh: 可是在瓜达卢佩显现之后，整个国家都皈依了。
- start: 2336.552
  end: 2341.074
  speaker: barron
  en: And then to this day, almost 500 years later, people still come.
  zh: 直到今天，近五百年过去，仍有无数人前来朝圣。
- start: 2341.79
  end: 2353.442
  speaker: barron
  en: In contrast to a kind of silly thing where people saw an image of Mary in the salt dripping from the highway overpass—remember that was a few years ago in Chicago—well, no one bothers about that.
  zh: 与那些人们在高速公路立交桥滴下的盐渍里看出圣母像的荒诞事情相比（几年前在芝加哥曾有这种报导），没人会去在意那种事。
- start: 2353.442
  end: 2356.484
  speaker: barron
  en: That had no effect; no one goes there to this day.
  zh: 那件事并未带来任何影响，如今也无人会去那个地方。
- start: 2356.905
  end: 2359.868
  speaker: barron
  en: So I think you judge it by its fruit, by its consequences.
  zh: 所以我认为，你应该凭着它所结的果实和产生的结果来判断其真伪。
- start: 2387.831
  end: 2392.414
  speaker: barron
  en: I’m standing on top of the Pyramid of the Sun in the ancient city of Teotihuacan.
  zh: 我现在所在的位置，是在特奥蒂瓦坎古城内的太阳金字塔顶端。
- start: 2392.614
  end: 2395.135
  speaker: barron
  en: Behind me, you can see the Pyramid of the Moon.
  zh: 在我身后，你能看到月亮金字塔的身影。
- start: 2395.175
  end: 2399.438
  speaker: barron
  en: This is one of the most beautiful examples of pre-Columbian architecture.
  zh: 这是前哥伦布时期最美的建筑典范之一。
- start: 2401.299
  end: 2411.685
  speaker: barron
  en: Despite the beauty of the architecture, it’s also a place that chills us a bit because we realize that here, as in so many other places like it in ancient Mexico, human sacrifice took place.
  zh: 尽管建筑壮丽，可这里也让人不寒而栗，因为我们了解到，在古代墨西哥的许多类似地方都曾发生过人祭。
- start: 2411.685
  end: 2419.897
  speaker: barron
  en: Now, mind you, I’m not trying to demonize the ancient Aztec or Mayan cultures; many ancient cultures practiced human sacrifice.
  zh: 但我要先声明，我并非意图将古阿兹特克或玛雅文化妖魔化；许多古代文明都曾进行人祭。
- start: 2420.237
  end: 2428.358
  speaker: barron
  en: In fact, if the contemporary philosopher René Girard is right, something like human sacrifice lies at the foundation of most human societies.
  zh: 事实上，若当代哲学家勒内·吉拉尔的观点正确，那么人祭一般的行为存在于大多数人类社会之根基。
- start: 2429.119
  end: 2438.54
  speaker: barron
  en: Girard says that tensions naturally arise within human communities, and then what kicks in is what he called a scapegoating mechanism.
  zh: 吉拉尔认为，人类社会中本来会自然产生各种张力，随后便会出现他所谓的「替罪羊机制」。
- start: 2438.801
  end: 2446.082
  speaker: barron
  en: We tend to find someone or some group to blame, and we cast, as it were, our anxieties onto them.
  zh: 我们往往会找出某个人或某个群体将其归罪，把我们的焦虑投射到他们身上。
- start: 2446.317
  end: 2451.118
  speaker: barron
  en: We persecute them, we ostracize them; at the limit, we kill them.
  zh: 我们会迫害他们，排斥他们；更极端时，甚至将他们杀害。
- start: 2451.499
  end: 2455.72
  speaker: barron
  en: And in that process, we feel a kind of renewal of our community.
  zh: 在这个过程中，我们却会觉得自己的社群得到了某种更新。
- start: 2456.801
  end: 2463.823
  speaker: barron
  en: That explains why, on Girard's reading, ancient people saw the gods as pleased with scapegoating violence.
  zh: 这也就能解释，在吉拉尔的理论中，为何古人会觉得诸神乐见以替罪羊的暴力行动。
- start: 2463.823
  end: 2473.586
  speaker: barron
  en: That’s why here, on top of pyramids like this, when they would raise the still-beating heart of the victim to the gods, they were seen as placating these powers that govern the universe.
  zh: 这就是为什么在这样的金字塔之顶，当他们把依然跳动的祭品之心高举给众神时，就被视作平息那些掌管宇宙之力的手段。
- start: 2474.517
  end: 2479.998
  speaker: barron
  en: Something René Girard found very interesting is in that great biblical story of the temptation of Jesus.
  zh: 勒内·吉拉尔发现一件很有意思的事，出现在圣经里关于耶稣受试探的伟大故事中。
- start: 2479.998
  end: 2488.361
  speaker: barron
  en: 'When the devil displays before Him all the kingdoms of the world and Jesus resists him, Jesus uses this term: He says, Begone, Satan!'
  zh: 当魔鬼将世上的万国都展示在耶稣面前，而耶稣拒绝它时，祂用到这样一个词，说道：「退去吧，撒但！」
- start: 2488.621
  end: 2493.362
  speaker: barron
  en: “Hosatanas” in Greek means the accuser, the blamer.
  zh: 希腊文的「Hosatanas」意思就是指控者、归咎者。
- start: 2493.462
  end: 2500.264
  speaker: barron
  en: The implication is that somehow, at the foundation of society, is something like this scapegoating mechanism.
  zh: 它暗示了在社会的根基之处，某种替罪羊机制正以这种方式运作。
- start: 2501.784
  end: 2508.109
  speaker: barron
  en: Our Lady of Guadalupe, when she appeared to Juan Diego, said, I am the Mother of the Most High God.
  zh: 当瓜达卢佩圣母向胡安·迭戈显现时，曾说：「我是至高神之母。」
- start: 2508.209
  end: 2520.552
  speaker: barron
  en: She was announcing the emergence into the world of the true God, who at the climax of His life became not the perpetrator of scapegoating violence but precisely the victim of it.
  zh: 她宣告了那位真神进入人间，而在祂生命的巅峰时刻，祂不是替罪羊式暴力的加害者，而正是那受害者。
- start: 2520.752
  end: 2528.474
  speaker: barron
  en: In Jesus crucified, we see that the true God stands not on the side of the victimizers, but precisely on the side of the victims.
  zh: 在被钉十字架的耶稣身上，我们看到真神并不站在施暴者的一方，而是切实地与被迫害者同在。
- start: 2528.554
  end: 2535.243
  speaker: barron
  en: The world is ordered not through violence; the world is ordered precisely through love and through non-violence.
  zh: 这世界并非靠暴力得到秩序；恰恰相反，这世界是靠爱与非暴力而被安置。
- start: 2541.469
  end: 2549.656
  speaker: barron
  en: I labor under no illusions that the Spaniards who brought the faith to this part of the world were angels or that no atrocities were perpetrated in the name of Christ.
  zh: 我并不抱有任何幻想，以为当初将信仰传到此地的西班牙人就是天使，或者无人曾以基督之名犯下暴行。
- start: 2549.656
  end: 2556.541
  speaker: barron
  en: There were, however, this great message came through as Mexico was evangelized.
  zh: 然而，不可否认的是，墨西哥在被传福音的过程中，确实接收到了这伟大的讯息。
- start: 2556.561
  end: 2567.102
  speaker: barron
  en: This practice of human sacrifice ended, and there I think is a prime example of how the evangelization of the country changed the very nature of the society.
  zh: 人祭的做法因此终止，我认为这正是福音传入后改变社会本质的一个重要例证。
- start: 2585.819
  end: 2590.941
  speaker: barron
  en: In the first chapter of the Gospel of Luke, we find Mary’s great hymn of praise to Yahweh.
  zh: 在路加福音第一章里，我们看到马利亚向耶和华所献的宏伟赞歌。
- start: 2591.442
  end: 2596.424
  speaker: barron
  en: It commences with the simple declaration, My soul magnifies the Lord.
  zh: 它以一句质朴的宣告开始：「我心尊主为大。」
- start: 2597.125
  end: 2601.507
  speaker: barron
  en: Mary announces here that her whole being is ordered to the glorification of God.
  zh: 马利亚在此宣称，她的全部存在都为颂扬神而活。
- start: 2602.147
  end: 2607.97
  speaker: barron
  en: Her ego wants nothing for itself; it wants only to be an occasion for giving honor to God.
  zh: 她的自我并不为自己寻求任何益处；她只愿自己成为尊崇神的契机。
- start: 2608.651
  end: 2619.857
  speaker: barron
  en: But since, as we’ve seen, God needs nothing, whatever glory Mary gives to Him returns to her benefits, so that she is magnified in the very act of magnifying Him.
  zh: 然而因神本无所需，马利亚献给神的所有荣耀反倒回馈于她，使她在尊崇神的同时也得以被高举。
- start: 2621.479
  end: 2630.426
  speaker: barron
  en: In giving herself away fully to God, Mary becomes a superabundant source of life; indeed, she becomes pregnant with God.
  zh: 正因为完全献身于神，马利亚就成为一个极丰盈的生命源泉；实在的说，她因之怀着神。
- start: 2631.147
  end: 2652.043
  speaker: barron
  en: This odd and wonderful rhythm of magnifying and being magnified is the key to understanding everything about Mary—from her divine motherhood to her assumption and immaculate conception, and to her mission in the life of the Church.
  zh: 这一既奇妙又奥妙的「尊崇与被尊崇」的节奏，正是理解马利亚一切奥秘的关键——从她身为神之母，到她被接升天与无染受孕，以及她在教会生活中的使命，皆取决于此。
- start: 2654.525
  end: 2661.229
  speaker: barron
  en: The great 19th-century Jesuit poet Gerard Manley Hopkins caught this in his ballad “The May Magnificat.”
  zh: 十九世纪的伟大耶稣会诗人杰拉德·曼利·霍普金斯在他的诗作《五月尊主颂》中捕捉到了这一点。
- start: 2661.91
  end: 2673.017
  speaker: barron
  en: He wonders in the first few stanzas why May should be a month dedicated to Mary, and he provides Mary’s own answer, writing, Ask of her the mighty mother.
  zh: 他在开篇的几节漫步诗中疑惑，五月为何要献给马利亚？遂借马利亚之口作答道：「求问那位全能之母。」
- start: 2673.274
  end: 2676.937
  speaker: barron
  en: 'Her reply puts this other question: What is spring?'
  zh: 她的回答抛出另一个问题：「什么是春天？」
- start: 2677.599
  end: 2679.54
  speaker: barron
  en: Growth in everything.
  zh: 回复是：「万物的生长。」
- start: 2681.863
  end: 2701.444
  speaker: barron
  en: 'Then, with typical verbal dexterity and spiritual enthusiasm, Hopkins delineates the modes of growth in springtime: flesh and fleece, fur and feather, grass and green world—all together, star-eyed, strawberry-breasted throstle above her nested cluster of bugle-blue eggs.'
  zh: 接着，霍普金斯以他一贯灵巧的文字与洋溢的神性热情，描绘了春日的生长方式：血肉与茸毛、皮毛与羽翼、青草与翠绿之野——共同汇聚，繁星般眼眸，草莓色胸脯的画眉鸟，高踞于她那簇如号角般湛蓝的卵上。
- start: 2701.444
  end: 2710.069
  speaker: barron
  en: Thin forms and warms the life within, and bird and blossom swell in sod or sheath or shell.
  zh: 渺小的形体舒展、温暖着内里的生命，鸟儿与花朵在泥土、茎鞘或外壳中一同茁壮。
- start: 2712.611
  end: 2717.994
  speaker: barron
  en: And he imagines Mary, the Mother of God, surveying all of this life with limitless pleasure.
  zh: 他想象身为神之母的马利亚，以无限的喜悦眺望这一切生命。
- start: 2719.588
  end: 2729.715
  speaker: barron
  en: He writes, All things rising, all things sizing,” Mary sees, sympathizing with that world of good nature’s motherhood.
  zh: 他写道：「万物皆腾升，万物皆壮大」，马利亚洞观并与这充满美善天性的母性世界产生共鸣。
- start: 2733.158
  end: 2738.222
  speaker: barron
  en: Mary's utter willingness to magnify the Lord made of her a matrix of life.
  zh: 马利亚因全心全意尊崇神，遂成为生命的源泉。
- start: 2738.863
  end: 2745.168
  speaker: barron
  en: The spring itself, in all of its wild fecundity, is but a hint at the vitality that she unleashes.
  zh: 春天的勃勃生机，不过是她所释放之生命力的一丝暗示而已。
