- start: 35.999
  end: 41.26
  speaker: boy1
  en: We're at almost the 500th anniversary since the Reformation.
  zh: 我们即将迎来宗教改革五百周年。
- start: 41.28
  end: 63.663
  speaker: boy1
  en: So, you know, it's 2017 and it was 1517, on October 31st of 1517, that Luther nailed his 95 Theses to Wittenberg Cathedral doors, castle doors, and  And so that's a big thing, and I think we're going to find, we're already starting to hear echoes of this in the media, and the media is going to be talking a lot more about the Reformation.
  zh: 你知道，现在是2017年，而在1517年10月31日，路德将他的九十五条论纲钉在了威登堡大教堂和城堡的门上。这是一件大事，我想我们会发现，我们已经开始在媒体上听到这方面的回响，媒体将会更多地谈论宗教改革。
- start: 63.663
  end: 76.132
  speaker: boy1
  en: And one of the things we want to do is look back at that period, because part of the role and mission of the Augustine Institute is to be, really, our mission is to help Catholics understand and to live and to share their faith.
  zh: 我们想做的一件事是回顾那个时期，因为奥古斯丁学院的部分角色和使命就是帮助天主教徒理解、生活和分享他们的信仰。
- start: 76.132
  end: 77.233
  speaker: boy1
  en: That's our tagline, right?
  zh: 这是我们的口号，对吧？
- start: 77.233
  end: 91.252
  speaker: boy1
  en: That's our mission statement, is helping Catholics understand, live, and share their faith,  But you're going to hear a lot from the media about, well, it's been 500 years since Martin Luther did his revolt and his protest, and the church is still in need of reform.
  zh: 这就是我们的使命宣言，帮助天主教徒理解、生活和分享他们的信仰。但你会从媒体那里听到很多关于马丁·路德发起他的反叛和抗议已经500年了，而教会仍然需要改革的言论。
- start: 91.252
  end: 94.553
  speaker: boy1
  en: So religion is not improving.
  zh: 所以宗教并没有进步。
- start: 94.653
  end: 98.154
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that's going to be, I think, a lot of the message that we're going to hear.
  zh: 我认为，这将是我们将要听到的很多信息。
- start: 98.154
  end: 100.895
  speaker: boy1
  en: And therefore, we don't need religion.
  zh: 因此，我们不需要宗教。
- start: 101.135
  end: 110.078
  speaker: boy1
  en: And what we want to do at the Augustine Institute is really create an intellectual resource for the church to reflect on the scriptures and on the tradition.
  zh: 我们在奥古斯丁学院想要做的是为教会创造一个智力资源，以反思圣经和传统。
- start: 110.385
  end: 121.75
  speaker: boy1
  en: and to understand our faith and the signs of the times, to engage the world and what's going on in the world with our faith and from a deep Catholic perspective that understands scripture and tradition.
  zh: 并理解我们的信仰和时代的征兆，以我们的信仰和从理解圣经和传统的深刻公教会视角来参与世界和世界正在发生的事情。
- start: 121.75
  end: 124.852
  speaker: boy1
  en: So part of that mission is, all right, we're going to engage.
  zh: 所以这个使命的一部分是，好吧，我们要参与进去。
- start: 124.852
  end: 125.972
  speaker: boy1
  en: It's 500 years since the Reformation.
  zh: 宗教改革已经500年了。
- start: 125.972
  end: 127.113
  speaker: boy1
  en: What does that mean?
  zh: 这意味着什么？
- start: 127.133
  end: 128.774
  speaker: boy1
  en: And it's been a powerful experience.
  zh: 这是一次强烈的经历。
- start: 128.774
  end: 138.877
  speaker: boy1
  en: One of the things we did is we published a book called True Reformers, looking at 10 saints of what is known as the Catholic Counter-Reformation, but it's really the Catholic Reformation.
  zh: 我们做的一件事是出版了一本名为《真正的改革者》的书，研究了所谓的公教会反改革运动中的10位圣人，但这实际上是公教会的改革。
- start: 138.877
  end: 146.14
  speaker: boy1
  en: at that time of the 16th century, that time where Luther is, you know, creating the Protestant Reformation, but there's a renewal in the church.
  zh: 在16世纪那个时期，也就是路德正在创造新教改革的时候，但教会内部也有一场更新。
- start: 146.261
  end: 157.846
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then that is one of the things we did, is that book we did with our dean, Dr. Chris Bloom, who spoke last week so eloquently, who I hate to follow.
  zh: 然后，我们做的其中一件事就是与我们的院长克里斯·布鲁姆博士合作完成了那本书，他上周发表了如此动人的演讲，我很难超越他。
- start: 158.026
  end: 163.909
  speaker: boy1
  en: Bloom did a beautiful video series called True Reformers, going through the life of six of these key saints.
  zh: 布鲁姆制作了一个精美的视频系列，名为《真正的改革者》，讲述了其中六位关键圣人的生平。
- start: 164.189
  end: 176.507
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then as that reflection, as we've been doing that, one of the things that struck me  Going back and reflecting on this time of the early 16th century is that you see the church suffering in a great time.
  zh: 然后，在我们进行这种反思的过程中，让我印象深刻的一件事是，回顾并反思16世纪初的这个时期，你会看到教会在一个伟大的时代中遭受苦难。
- start: 176.507
  end: 183.932
  speaker: boy1
  en: There's no doubt that Luther had a lot of reasons to call for a reform and to call for a renewal in the church.
  zh: 毫无疑问，路德有很多理由呼吁改革和更新教会。
- start: 184.032
  end: 189.336
  speaker: boy1
  en: Because at the end of the 15th century, the church was a victim of its own success.
  zh: 因为在15世纪末，教会成为了自身成功的受害者。
- start: 190.297
  end: 197.041
  speaker: boy1
  en: Throughout the Middle Ages, the church had become central in the life and the culture of the people of medieval Europe.
  zh: 在整个中世纪，教会已经成为中世纪欧洲人民生活和文化的中心。
- start: 197.301
  end: 205.069
  speaker: boy1
  en: And it had done so by taking care of their spiritual needs and by teaching and educating and shaping and forming the culture.
  zh: 它通过照顾人们的精神需求，以及教导、教育、塑造和形成文化来实现这一点。
- start: 205.069
  end: 211.955
  speaker: boy1
  en: And the church did that so successfully and so profoundly that the church was at the center of medieval culture.
  zh: 教会如此成功和深刻地做到了这一点，以至于教会成为了中世纪文化的中心。
- start: 212.496
  end: 223.421
  speaker: boy1
  en: And being at the center of medieval culture and really helping people come to know and love Christ and be so meaningful to them, people started to leave  More and more money for the church.
  zh: 作为中世纪文化的中心，真正帮助人们认识和爱基督，对他们来说意义重大，人们开始为教会留下越来越多的钱。
- start: 223.421
  end: 228.063
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so the church was so central, the church was starting to amass a great amount of wealth.
  zh: 因此，教会如此重要，教会开始积累大量财富。
- start: 228.244
  end: 246.874
  speaker: boy1
  en: And over time, compounding interest, over generations, what you ended up with is monasteries and convents owning tens of thousands of acres and having enormous wealth, so much so that people started to look at the church as a lucrative place for their career.
  zh: 随着时间的推移，利息复利，经过几代人，最终修道院和女修道院拥有了数万英亩土地和巨额财富，以至于人们开始将教会视为一个有利可图的职业场所。
- start: 247.334
  end: 253.281
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so people were looking to get into the church not for mission reasons,  But for selfish reasons.
  zh: 因此，人们寻求进入教会不是出于使命的原因，而是出于自私的原因。
- start: 253.662
  end: 265.27
  speaker: boy1
  en: And we see that there would be people who would be made archbishop or appointed bishop who would be eight years old or ten years old to make sure that that lucrative seat that would make a lot of money would stay in the family.
  zh: 我们看到，有些人会被任命为大主教或主教，他们可能只有八岁或十岁，以确保那个能赚很多钱的有利可图的位置能留在家族中。
- start: 265.591
  end: 277.299
  speaker: boy1
  en: And there's a key turning point that happens when someone's proposed a nephew of an important king who is six years old and he proposes him to be the new Archbishop of Toledo.
  zh: 有一个关键的转折点发生在有人提议一位重要国王的六岁侄子成为新的托莱多大主教。
- start: 277.96
  end: 301.543
  speaker: boy1
  en: And his wife, thanks be to God,  Knock some sense into him and said, no, we're not going to have your six-year-old nephew get this C. Now, just to give you a sense, that appointment would give the Archbishop of Toledo discretion with 10 to 20 million dollars of revenue a year or more.
  zh: 感谢神，他的妻子让他清醒过来，说道：「不，我们不会让你六岁的侄子得到这个职位。」要知道，这个任命会给托莱多大主教每年一千万到两千万美元或更多的收入支配权。
- start: 301.724
  end: 303.525
  speaker: boy1
  en: So it was significant.
  zh: 所以这是很重要的。
- start: 303.525
  end: 308.927
  speaker: boy1
  en: This C was second only in revenue to the king and queen in Spain.
  zh: 这个职位的收入在西班牙仅次于国王和王后。
- start: 309.247
  end: 312.389
  speaker: boy1
  en: And, of course, the Queen, Isabella, said, no way.
  zh: 当然，伊莎贝拉女王说：「绝对不行。」
- start: 313.089
  end: 318.092
  speaker: boy1
  en: And she appointed a very holy Franciscan preacher who started to lead a reform.
  zh: 她任命了一位非常虔诚的方济各会传教士，开始领导改革。
- start: 318.092
  end: 320.253
  speaker: boy1
  en: And this is in the 1490s.
  zh: 这是在1490年代。
- start: 320.273
  end: 327.076
  speaker: boy1
  en: So Cardinal Jimenez Cisneros ends up becoming the Cardinal Archbishop of Toledo, and he starts a reform.
  zh: 因此，希梅内斯·西斯内罗斯枢机主教最终成为托莱多的枢机大主教，他开始了一场改革。
- start: 327.357
  end: 329.018
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that reform does amazing things.
  zh: 这场改革做了令人惊叹的事情。
- start: 329.018
  end: 332.92
  speaker: boy1
  en: And I touch on this because we'll see this is happening even before Luther.
  zh: 我提到这一点是因为我们会看到这甚至发生在路德之前。
- start: 332.92
  end: 341.991
  speaker: boy1
  en: And I think a lot of people have the perception, and I know I did before I really studied this,  that nobody was thinking about reform except this Augustinian monk named Luther.
  zh: 我想很多人都有这种看法，我在真正研究这个问题之前也是这么认为的，除了这个名叫路德的奥古斯丁修士，没有人在考虑改革。
- start: 342.431
  end: 343.832
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that's not the case.
  zh: 但事实并非如此。
- start: 343.892
  end: 351.855
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so just to set the stage for what's happening in the time of the Reformation, Cisneros starts this reform in the 1490s.
  zh: 为了铺垫宗教改革时期发生的事情，西斯内罗斯在1490年代开始了这场改革。
- start: 351.855
  end: 361.279
  speaker: boy1
  en: And he does many things of reforming the clergy and doing audits in the parishes for where the money's going and all the benefices and the endowments.
  zh: 他做了许多改革神职人员的事情，在教区进行审计，查看资金的去向以及所有的教会俸禄和捐赠。
- start: 361.299
  end: 368.143
  speaker: boy1
  en: But one of the important things he does is he founds a university, Alcalá.  to create good education.
  zh: 但他做的一件重要的事是创立了阿尔卡拉大学，以提供良好的教育。
- start: 368.364
  end: 373.285
  speaker: boy1
  en: Because a lot of the clergy and the leaders in the church were uneducated.
  zh: 因为许多神职人员和教会领导人都没有受过教育。
- start: 373.445
  end: 377.026
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so, for example, there is no such thing as seminaries at this time.
  zh: 所以，例如，在这个时期还没有神学院这样的东西。
- start: 377.186
  end: 388.568
  speaker: boy1
  en: If you were going to be a priest, if you were going to join a religious order, you join the religious order, you join the priesthood, but you would be apprenticed to a priest, but you may not spend a lot of time getting an education.
  zh: 如果你要成为神父，如果你要加入修会，你就加入修会，加入神职，但你会成为一名神父的学徒，可能不会花很多时间接受教育。
- start: 388.869
  end: 390.909
  speaker: boy1
  en: You may not take many courses at all.
  zh: 你可能根本不会上很多课。
- start: 391.055
  end: 396.94
  speaker: boy1
  en: You could be sent, you know, helping in the garden, cleaning out the church, running errands for that pastor.
  zh: 你可能会被派去帮忙照料花园，打扫教堂，为那位牧师跑腿。
- start: 396.94
  end: 399.142
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so a lot of clergy didn't know Scripture.
  zh: 因此，许多神职人员不了解圣经。
- start: 399.142
  end: 405.466
  speaker: boy1
  en: So Cardinal Cisneros saw that one of the first and formidable tasks of the renewal of the church is a return to Scripture.
  zh: 所以西斯内罗斯枢机主教看到，教会更新的首要和艰巨任务之一就是回归圣经。
- start: 405.567
  end: 409.25
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so one of the things he did is he started the Polyglot Bible that he published.
  zh: 因此，他做的一件事就是开始出版多语对照圣经。
- start: 409.25
  end: 420.158
  speaker: boy1
  en: He got some of the best scholars together, tried to get the best manuscripts, and he published a Bible called the Polyglot Bible that had the Latin, but it also had the Greek and the Hebrew.
  zh: 他集合了一些最好的学者，试图获得最好的手稿，并出版了一本名为多语对照圣经的圣经，其中包含拉丁文，还有希腊文和希伯来文。
- start: 420.216
  end: 424.78
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then he created dictionaries and grammar books to study Hebrew and Greek.
  zh: 然后他创作了字典和语法书来学习希伯来语和希腊语。
- start: 425.361
  end: 435.371
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so he did this amazing thing and he said that the dormant studies in his prologue, the dormant study of Scripture should be revived by a deeper study and return to the original languages.
  zh: 他做了这件令人惊叹的事，并在他的序言中说，沉睡的圣经研究应该通过更深入的研究和回归原文语言来复兴。
- start: 435.432
  end: 436.573
  speaker: boy1
  en: So that was his project.
  zh: 这就是他的项目。
- start: 436.573
  end: 452.222
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now that comes out before 1517. He's doing this project  He starts the university right around the year 1500 to 1502. And then the second thing he does is he purchases a printing press.
  zh: 这是在1517年之前完成的。他正在进行这个项目，大约在1500年到1502年间创办了大学。然后他做的第二件事是购买了一台印刷机。
- start: 452.382
  end: 455.344
  speaker: boy1
  en: Radical new technology for communication.
  zh: 这是一种革命性的新通讯技术。
- start: 455.344
  end: 460.186
  speaker: boy1
  en: So he gets a printing press at the University of Alcalá and he starts publishing books.
  zh: 所以他在阿尔卡拉大学获得了一台印刷机，开始出版书籍。
- start: 460.666
  end: 477.191
  speaker: boy1
  en: This is going to start a revolution, a good revolution, a good reform of the church that's happening well before 1517. In fact, one of those books that he publishes  will be picked up by a Spaniard who's convalescing in his home castle after wounds from battle.
  zh: 这将开启一场革命，一场良好的革命，一场在1517年之前就已经发生的教会良好改革。事实上，他出版的其中一本书将被一位在家中城堡养伤的西班牙人拿起。
- start: 477.271
  end: 484.473
  speaker: boy1
  en: And he asked for books to be read because, you know, there's no TV, there's no Netflix, and so he's got to read some books.
  zh: 他要求读一些书，因为你知道，那时候没有电视，没有网飞，所以他只能读些书。
- start: 484.473
  end: 485.873
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so he asked for some books on chivalry.
  zh: 于是他要了一些骑士小说。
- start: 485.873
  end: 487.193
  speaker: boy1
  en: There's no books on chivalry.
  zh: 但没有骑士小说。
- start: 487.193
  end: 492.634
  speaker: boy1
  en: There's just two books, a book by Ludolf the Saxon called The Life of Christ and another book on the life of the saints.
  zh: 只有两本书，一本是撒克逊人鲁道夫写的《基督的生平》，另一本是关于圣人生平的书。
- start: 493.275
  end: 499.396
  speaker: boy1
  en: Both those books were published by Cardinal Jimenez Cisneros in his printing press.
  zh: 这两本书都是由希梅内斯·西斯内罗斯枢机主教用他的印刷机出版的。
- start: 499.46
  end: 507.744
  speaker: boy1
  en: And of course, this is now fast forward to 1521, and the man who reads that goes through a great conversion, and his name is Ignatius of Loyola.
  zh: 当然，现在快进到1521年，读这些书的人经历了一次巨大的皈依，他的名字是依纳爵·罗耀拉。
- start: 508.624
  end: 509.965
  speaker: boy1
  en: You've probably heard of him.
  zh: 你可能听说过他。
- start: 510.345
  end: 512.466
  speaker: boy1
  en: Founder of the Jesuits, right?
  zh: 耶稣会的创始人，对吧？
- start: 512.726
  end: 514.007
  speaker: boy1
  en: But it's because of that book.
  zh: 但这都是因为那本书。
- start: 514.007
  end: 518.849
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then the second book that creates another conversion story is St. Teresa of Avila.
  zh: 然后第二本引发另一个皈依故事的书是圣德肋撒·亚维拉。
- start: 518.849
  end: 544.975
  speaker: boy1
  en: She reads a translation from a Latin book of Augustine's Confessions to Spanish, and she goes through what she calls her second conversion, which leads her to found 17  And that, again, you see the dispersion and the distribution of great books to the laity rekindles in the laity and the university.
  zh: 她读了一本从拉丁文翻译成西班牙文的奥古斯丁《忏悔录》，经历了她所称的第二次皈依，这促使她创立了17个修院。再次，你看到伟大书籍向平信徒的传播和分发在平信徒和大学中重新点燃了信仰。
- start: 544.975
  end: 556.343
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so two things that happen, and I say this because I was just in Spain in the footsteps of the 16th century reformers, and I realized a printing press and a university.
  zh: 所以发生了两件事，我之所以这么说是因为我刚刚在西班牙追随16世纪改革者的脚步，我意识到一台印刷机和一所大学的重要性。
- start: 556.343
  end: 558.274
  speaker: boy1
  en: What are we doing here at the Augustine Institute?
  zh: 我们在奥古斯丁学院在做什么？
- start: 558.274
  end: 565.175
  speaker: boy1
  en: We have a graduate school, a university, to train people deeply with a focus on Scripture and renewal and evangelization of Scripture.
  zh: 我们有一所研究生院，一所大学，深入培训人们，重点关注圣经、更新和圣经的福音传播。
- start: 565.175
  end: 568.956
  speaker: boy1
  en: And the second thing is, we don't have a printing press, but we do publish.
  zh: 第二件事是，我们没有印刷机，但我们确实出版。
- start: 568.956
  end: 573.977
  speaker: boy1
  en: And we have a digital media, which is what Cardinal Cisneros would have done back then.
  zh: 我们有数字媒体，这就是西斯内罗斯枢机主教当时会做的事。
- start: 573.977
  end: 577.877
  speaker: boy1
  en: Because the new revolution is not a printing press, the new revolution is the digital.
  zh: 因为新的革命不是印刷机，新的革命是数字化。
- start: 578.137
  end: 584.939
  speaker: boy1
  en: So all that to preface, to say I want to dive into Martin Luther, but I want us to realize the larger context.
  zh: 所有这些都是前言，我想深入探讨马丁·路德，但我希望我们意识到更大的背景。
- start: 585.079
  end: 587.455
  speaker: boy1
  en: Luther is not operating in a vacuum.
  zh: 路德并非在真空中行动。
- start: 587.455
  end: 592.997
  speaker: boy1
  en: The word reform is being bandied about in the Catholic Church by many people.
  zh: 「改革」这个词在公教会中被许多人随意使用。
- start: 593.958
  end: 615.227
  speaker: boy1
  en: In fact, in the year 1512, the call for reform to the Pope and the cardinals and the bishops happens, where an Augustinian monk who has a doctorate in Scripture asks and requests the Holy Father and the bishops of Rome and the bishops who are gathered in Rome for a reform of the Church.
  zh: 事实上，在1512年，对教宗、枢机主教和主教们的改革呼吁发生了，一位拥有圣经博士学位的奥古斯丁修士请求和要求教宗、罗马的主教们和聚集在罗马的主教们进行教会改革。
- start: 615.247
  end: 622.145
  speaker: boy1
  en: And of course, that Augustinian monk  is none other than Martin Luther?
  zh: 当然，那位奥古斯丁修士就是马丁·路德？
- start: 622.145
  end: 624.566
  speaker: boy1
  en: No. Giles of Viterbo.
  zh: 不是。是维泰博的吉尔斯。
- start: 625.826
  end: 628.527
  speaker: boy1
  en: Giles of Viterbo calls for reform.
  zh: 维泰博的吉尔斯呼吁改革。
- start: 628.527
  end: 631.368
  speaker: boy1
  en: And he calls for, by the way, a new springtime.
  zh: 顺便说一下，他呼吁一个新的春天。
- start: 631.368
  end: 640.392
  speaker: boy1
  en: And he quotes from the Song of Songs, chapter 2, verse 14 and following, saying that the winter is now past and the spring is coming.
  zh: 他引用了《雅歌》第2章第14节及以下经文，说冬天已经过去，春天即将来临。
- start: 640.392
  end: 641.972
  speaker: boy1
  en: Arise, my beloved.
  zh: 「起来，我的爱人。」
- start: 642.473
  end: 652.208
  speaker: boy1
  en: And he uses that imagery of the springtime coming in 1512.  Now, there's already the first fruits of the springtime because it's happened in Spain and it's starting to spread.
  zh: 他在1512年使用了春天来临的意象。现在，春天的第一批果实已经出现，因为它已经在西班牙发生，并开始传播。
- start: 652.488
  end: 656.331
  speaker: boy1
  en: And he's also bringing this in amongst the Augustinian monks.
  zh: 他也在奥古斯丁修士中传播这个理念。
- start: 656.571
  end: 671.82
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, that is an important backdrop because later on, I think 500 years later, there's a Pope who calls for a new evangelization and a new springtime, St. John Paul II. Where did he get the idea of a new springtime?
  zh: 这是一个重要的背景，因为后来，我想是500年后，有一位教宗呼吁新福传和新的春天，圣若望保禄二世。他从哪里得到新春天的想法？
- start: 671.961
  end: 673.621
  speaker: boy1
  en: Was it from the Song of Songs?
  zh: 是来自《雅歌》吗？
- start: 673.962
  end: 675.843
  speaker: boy1
  en: Was it from Giles of Viterbo?
  zh: 是来自维泰博的吉尔斯吗？
- start: 676.912
  end: 681.035
  speaker: boy1
  en: I asked George Weigel, who's John Paul's biographer, and he said, I've never thought about that.
  zh: 我问过若望保禄二世的传记作者乔治·韦格尔，他说，我从未想过这一点。
- start: 681.035
  end: 681.936
  speaker: boy1
  en: I didn't know that connection.
  zh: 我不知道这个联系。
- start: 681.936
  end: 683.497
  speaker: boy1
  en: So he's going back.
  zh: 所以他正在回溯。
- start: 683.497
  end: 685.738
  speaker: boy1
  en: He's trying to find the answer.
  zh: 他正在试图找到答案。
- start: 685.979
  end: 692.243
  speaker: boy1
  en: I think, whether John Paul was conscious of this or not, the Holy Spirit certainly was and is.
  zh: 我认为，无论若望保禄二世是否意识到这一点，圣灵肯定是并且一直是意识到的。
- start: 692.304
  end: 706.794
  speaker: boy1
  en: And we are at the cusp of a time where the church is in a winter and in a spiritual doldrum, a kind of spiritual malaise lays over the church, but there's also the beginning stirrings of a new springtime, a great renewal.
  zh: 我们正处在一个时代的转折点，教会处于冬季和精神低迷期，一种精神萎靡笼罩着教会，但同时也有新春天的初步萌动，一场伟大的更新。
- start: 706.957
  end: 713.099
  speaker: boy1
  en: And just as there was a call for reform, now Pope John Paul II is calling for a new evangelization.
  zh: 正如当时有改革的呼吁一样，现在若望保禄二世教宗正在呼吁新福传。
- start: 713.099
  end: 715.88
  speaker: boy1
  en: And the Church is calling for a new evangelization.
  zh: 教会正在呼吁新福传。
- start: 715.88
  end: 718.581
  speaker: boy1
  en: And there's calls from the Church for reform and renewal.
  zh: 教会也在呼吁改革和更新。
- start: 718.581
  end: 721.942
  speaker: boy1
  en: And I think we can learn a lot looking back 500 years.
  zh: 我认为我们可以从回顾500年前学到很多东西。
- start: 721.942
  end: 722.842
  speaker: boy1
  en: And I think that's important.
  zh: 我认为这很重要。
- start: 722.842
  end: 725.042
  speaker: boy1
  en: That's what we're trying to do in this lecture series.
  zh: 这就是我们在这个讲座系列中试图做的事情。
- start: 725.263
  end: 731.524
  speaker: boy1
  en: So now to the key person here, and that is Luther.
  zh: 现在来谈谈这里的关键人物，那就是路德。
- start: 731.605
  end: 733.145
  speaker: boy1
  en: So in 1517, he nails his 95 Theses.
  zh: 所以在1517年，他钉上了他的九十五条论纲。
- start: 736.693
  end: 740.836
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, this was not Luther's intention at this point to break from the church.
  zh: 现在，这并不是路德在这一点上想要脱离教会的意图。
- start: 741.036
  end: 742.337
  speaker: boy1
  en: It was a protest.
  zh: 这是一种抗议。
- start: 743.318
  end: 756.187
  speaker: boy1
  en: It was a protest because we had a bishopric in Germany where somebody was holding one see and he was trying to get another bishop see to get the revenue for that and he was paying a donation to get that.
  zh: 这是一种抗议，因为我们在德国有一个主教区，有人已经拥有一个教区，他还试图获得另一个主教区以获得收入，并为此支付捐款。
- start: 756.627
  end: 762.111
  speaker: boy1
  en: And he was sending out those selling indulgences to help pay for this see.
  zh: 他派人出去售卖赎罪券来帮助支付这个教区的费用。
- start: 762.191
  end: 764.153
  speaker: boy1
  en: Certainly, that would be corruption.
  zh: 这当然是腐败。
- start: 764.153
  end: 766.654
  speaker: boy1
  en: Certainly, a need for reform.
  zh: 当然，需要改革。
- start: 766.843
  end: 775.929
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so there was every reason for Martin Luther as an Augustinian monk and priest to protest this to a degree.
  zh: 因此，作为一个奥古斯丁修士和神父，马丁·路德有充分的理由在一定程度上对此提出抗议。
- start: 776.61
  end: 783.936
  speaker: boy1
  en: But what happens in the debates over the next couple of years is the debate intensifies and Luther reaches too far.
  zh: 但在接下来的几年里，辩论变得更加激烈，路德走得太远了。
- start: 783.936
  end: 785.477
  speaker: boy1
  en: He reacts too far.
  zh: 他的反应过度了。
- start: 785.477
  end: 789.98
  speaker: boy1
  en: And I want to take us to one year in particular as we look at Luther's approach to scripture.
  zh: 我想带我们回到一个特定的年份，当我们看路德对圣经的解读方法时。
- start: 789.98
  end: 795.595
  speaker: boy1
  en: And I'm going to look at one year in particular, three documents that Luther does, and I'm going to focus in on one of them in particular.
  zh: 我将特别关注一年，路德写的三份文件，我将特别关注其中一份。
- start: 795.595
  end: 798.816
  speaker: boy1
  en: That gets to the heart of Luther's misreading of Scripture, in my mind.
  zh: 在我看来，这触及了路德对圣经误读的核心。
- start: 799.476
  end: 802.597
  speaker: boy1
  en: The year is 1520. So there's been debates.
  zh: 这一年是1520年。所以已经有过辩论了。
- start: 802.977
  end: 809.499
  speaker: boy1
  en: And there's been a lot of dialogue that's been rather heated between Rome and Martin Luther.
  zh: 罗马和马丁·路德之间已经有了很多相当激烈的对话。
- start: 809.919
  end: 815.2
  speaker: boy1
  en: And now things are getting to a particular point where it looks like there could be a break.
  zh: 现在事情发展到了一个特殊的点，看起来可能会出现分裂。
- start: 815.68
  end: 819.962
  speaker: boy1
  en: And Luther writes several letters.
  zh: 路德写了几封信。
- start: 820.362
  end: 827.937
  speaker: boy1
  en: One in August of 1520. He writes a letter, an open letter,  That he publishes and it becomes a bestseller in Germany.
  zh: 1520年8月，他写了一封公开信，发表后在德国成为畅销书。
- start: 827.937
  end: 834.039
  speaker: boy1
  en: He writes an open letter to the Christian nobility of the German nation.
  zh: 他给德意志民族的基督教贵族写了一封公开信。
- start: 834.379
  end: 837.86
  speaker: boy1
  en: So he writes to the Christian nobility of the German nation.
  zh: 所以他给德意志民族的基督教贵族写信。
- start: 838.7
  end: 840.821
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that's very intentional audience.
  zh: 这是一个非常有针对性的受众。
- start: 840.821
  end: 844.682
  speaker: boy1
  en: He's writing to the elites, to the powers that be in Germany.
  zh: 他是在给德国的精英阶层，当权者写信。
- start: 844.722
  end: 849.083
  speaker: boy1
  en: And he's calling on them to break with the Romanists.
  zh: 他呼吁他们与罗马派决裂。
- start: 849.203
  end: 854.945
  speaker: boy1
  en: And he calls the Pope and the key theologians in Rome, he calls them Romanists.
  zh: 他称教宗和罗马的主要神学家为罗马派。
- start: 855.612
  end: 860.936
  speaker: boy1
  en: So as Luther is tweeting out, he uses a tagline.
  zh: 所以当路德发表言论时，他使用了一个标语。
- start: 860.936
  end: 862.757
  speaker: boy1
  en: We've seen this strategy, right?
  zh: 我们见过这种策略，对吧？
- start: 862.938
  end: 866.16
  speaker: boy1
  en: Where you have a label for your opponents.
  zh: 你给你的对手贴上标签。
- start: 866.801
  end: 873.046
  speaker: boy1
  en: And Luther was a master of rhetoric, and he was a master communicator, and he could get the crowds whipped up.
  zh: 路德是修辞学大师，也是沟通大师，他能煽动群众。
- start: 874.367
  end: 875.828
  speaker: boy1
  en: We know people like that.
  zh: 我们知道有这样的人。
- start: 876.229
  end: 880.652
  speaker: boy1
  en: And as Luther was doing that, he labeled his opponents the Romanists.
  zh: 当路德这样做时，他给他的对手贴上了罗马派的标签。
- start: 880.973
  end: 892.162
  speaker: boy1
  en: And by doing that, he's trying to reduce the church  from being Catholic, which means universal, to being parochial and local, the Romanists.
  zh: 通过这样做，他试图将教会从大公的，即普世的，缩小为狭隘和地方性的，即罗马派。
- start: 892.162
  end: 894.483
  speaker: boy1
  en: Those Romans, those Italians.
  zh: 那些罗马人，那些意大利人。
- start: 894.963
  end: 909.607
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so he's playing a national card, a nationalistic card, to make Rome look like it's the Italians and the Romanists versus us Germans who need to get free from these Italians who would oppress us.
  zh: 所以他打出了民族牌，民族主义牌，让罗马看起来像是意大利人和罗马派对抗我们德国人，我们需要摆脱这些压迫我们的意大利人。
- start: 910.067
  end: 912.864
  speaker: boy1
  en: Luther is intentionally using that language.
  zh: 路德有意使用这种语言。
- start: 912.864
  end: 917.926
  speaker: boy1
  en: to create and play on the ethnicity of the Germans versus the Italians.
  zh: 来制造和利用德国人与意大利人的民族对立。
- start: 918.967
  end: 922.148
  speaker: boy1
  en: He's intentionally doing that in that address.
  zh: 他在那篇演讲中有意这样做。
- start: 922.448
  end: 932.992
  speaker: boy1
  en: One of the big missteps, and it's a tragic one, he will go to Romans chapter 13, and he will talk about how the state has the authority to discipline.
  zh: 一个重大的错误，也是一个悲剧性的错误，他会引用《罗马书》第13章，谈论国家如何有权惩戒。
- start: 933.252
  end: 939.555
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, Paul talks about how the state has the authority to wield discipline for justice.
  zh: 保罗谈到国家如何有权为正义执行惩戒。
- start: 939.555
  end: 942.438
  speaker: boy1
  en: If someone's a criminal, they can be punished by the state.
  zh: 如果有人是罪犯，他们可以被国家惩罚。
- start: 942.438
  end: 950.865
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so Paul uses this line that God has given the state the authority of the avenging sword for those who commit high crimes.
  zh: 所以保罗用这句话说，神给了国家对那些犯重罪的人使用复仇之剑的权柄。
- start: 950.865
  end: 955.409
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so he's telling the Christians to submit to good civic order of the state.
  zh: 所以他告诉基督徒要服从国家的良好公民秩序。
- start: 955.97
  end: 967.84
  speaker: boy1
  en: Luther uses that to say, which Paul never, never would have dreamt of, Luther uses that text to say that the state should oversee the church.
  zh: 路德用这段经文说，这是保罗从未想过的，路德用这段经文说国家应该监管教会。
- start: 968.888
  end: 975.891
  speaker: boy1
  en: and that the princes should oversee and regulate the life of the Church, so that the Church should submit to the state.
  zh: 王公应该监管和规范教会的生活，使教会服从于国家。
- start: 976.271
  end: 1003.918
  speaker: boy1
  en: This is something that is a new and a radical departure in the interpretation in the tradition, something that was hard fought, by the way, if you understand the early Middle Ages, of what was fought to create the independence and the right of the Pope and the Church to name bishops in different countries, with input from local civic leaders,  The kings and queens of different nations did not have the right to appoint bishops.
  zh: 这在传统解释中是一个新的、激进的背离，顺便说一下，如果你了解早期中世纪，这是经过艰苦斗争才得来的，为的是创造教宗和教会在不同国家任命主教的独立性和权利，虽然有当地公民领袖的意见，但不同国家的国王和王后没有权利任命主教。
- start: 1004.558
  end: 1006.419
  speaker: boy1
  en: That was the right of the church.
  zh: 那是教会的权利。
- start: 1006.419
  end: 1010.741
  speaker: boy1
  en: They could nominate, they could have a say, but they could not appoint solely.
  zh: 他们可以提名，可以发表意见，但不能单独任命。
- start: 1010.741
  end: 1015.122
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that was a right given to the Holy Father and to the church alone.
  zh: 这是只给予教宗和教会的权利。
- start: 1015.122
  end: 1016.923
  speaker: boy1
  en: And many other elements of this.
  zh: 还有许多其他相关的因素。
- start: 1017.103
  end: 1028.167
  speaker: boy1
  en: Luther does this, and now the state will rule over the church in terms of Lutherans and in other countries where the Protestant Reformation will go.
  zh: 路德这样做了，现在在路德宗和其他新教改革将要进行的国家，国家将统治教会。
- start: 1028.274
  end: 1042.001
  speaker: boy1
  en: And of course this will tempt people like Henry VIII to get on board with this reform movement because now Henry VIII will be able to, later on, arrogate to himself all rights over the church, which means property rights.
  zh: 当然，这会诱使像亨利八世这样的人加入这场改革运动，因为现在亨利八世将能够在以后把教会的所有权利，包括财产权，都归于自己。
- start: 1042.541
  end: 1056.128
  speaker: boy1
  en: And one of the things that Henry VIII and many of the princes in Germany will do is they'll disband the monasteries and the convents and all of a sudden they end up with tens and hundreds of thousands of acres at their disposal that they own.
  zh: 亨利八世和德国许多王公将要做的一件事就是解散修道院和女修道院，突然间他们就拥有了数十万甚至数百万英亩的土地可以任意处置。
- start: 1056.544
  end: 1061.985
  speaker: boy1
  en: So you can see how that incentivizes the civic rulers to get behind this reform movement, right?
  zh: 所以你可以看到，这如何激励公民统治者支持这场改革运动，对吧？
- start: 1062.325
  end: 1086.131
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, I don't want to spend a lot of time on that, because that's not so important for our day today, that misreading of Romans 13. But I want to look at another document that he does in October 1520. So a couple months later, he launches another major address that he popularizes, and it's called On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church.
  zh: 现在，我不想在这上面花太多时间，因为对我们今天来说，那种对《罗马书》13章的误读并不那么重要。但我想看看他在1520年10月写的另一份文件。几个月后，他发表了另一篇广为流传的重要演讲，名为《论教会的巴比伦之囚》。
- start: 1086.823
  end: 1093.084
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so he's talking about how what's going on in Rome is the Babylonian captivity, so the true church is in exile.
  zh: 他谈到罗马正在发生的事情就是巴比伦之囚，所以真正的教会处于流亡状态。
- start: 1093.725
  end: 1113.689
  speaker: boy1
  en: And again, one of the things that Luther does here, a movie makes, which is going to be problematic, and we're going to see it in his next document in spades, is that Luther operates with a kind of dualism, a dialectic that tends towards dualism, that there's a visible church that's false, but there's an interior church, a secret church, an invisible church that's true.
  zh: 再次，路德在这里做的一件事，就像电影制作一样，这将会是有问题的，我们将在他的下一份文件中大量看到，路德操作的是一种二元论，一种倾向于二元论的辩证法，即有一个虚假的可见教会，但有一个内在的教会，一个秘密的教会，一个真实的不可见教会。
- start: 1114.09
  end: 1120.061
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so he splits  the visible from the invisible, in terms of the church.
  zh: 所以他在教会方面将可见的和不可见的分开了。
- start: 1120.201
  end: 1125.022
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, this is a move, again, that, as an Augustinian, you should know better.
  zh: 现在，这又是一个举动，作为一个奥古斯丁派的人，你应该更清楚。
- start: 1125.022
  end: 1143.687
  speaker: boy1
  en: Augustine dealt with this problem, and so did the church in many ways, where you have people who are heretics or schismatics in the church, and what Augustine deals with this is with the Donatists, and he will talk about how they want to have a pure church, a perfectly pure church.
  zh: 奥古斯丁处理过这个问题，教会也以多种方式处理过，教会中有异端或分裂分子，奥古斯丁处理这个问题是针对多纳徒派，他会谈到他们如何想要一个纯洁的教会，一个完全纯洁的教会。
- start: 1144.403
  end: 1150.326
  speaker: boy1
  en: what Augustine will argue is he goes back to the parable of Christ of the wheat and the weeds intermixed.
  zh: 奥古斯丁的论点是回到基督关于麦子和稗子混杂的比喻。
- start: 1150.566
  end: 1158.83
  speaker: boy1
  en: That the kingdom of God, which is the church, is like a field sown with wheat and inter-sown with weeds, the tares.
  zh: 神的国度，也就是教会，就像一块播种了麦子和稗子的田地。
- start: 1158.85
  end: 1169.234
  speaker: boy1
  en: And they're interspersed so that you can't pull out one without the other and you have to wait for the final judgment day to end up with a pure field where the wheat and the weeds are separated.
  zh: 它们交错生长，以至于你不能拔出一个而不伤及另一个，你必须等到最后审判日才能得到一个纯净的田地，那时麦子和稗子会被分开。
- start: 1169.375
  end: 1178.587
  speaker: boy1
  en: So the idea of the sheep and the goats, the weeds and the wheat,  over and over again our Lord uses parables to talk about how the church is not going to be pure and perfect.
  zh: 所以绵羊和山羊、稗子和麦子的概念，我们的主一次又一次地用比喻来讲述教会不会是纯洁和完美的。
- start: 1178.728
  end: 1181.569
  speaker: boy1
  en: It's going to be a mixture of the righteous and the wicked.
  zh: 它将是义人和恶人的混合体。
- start: 1182.39
  end: 1184.771
  speaker: boy1
  en: We see this with Judas amongst the twelve, right?
  zh: 我们在十二使徒中看到了犹大，对吧？
- start: 1184.771
  end: 1186.031
  speaker: boy1
  en: Immediately, right?
  zh: 立即就看到了，对吧？
- start: 1186.272
  end: 1193.475
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so Augustine will use this teaching to show that the church will have sinners.
  zh: 所以奥古斯丁会用这个教导来说明教会会有罪人。
- start: 1193.476
  end: 1198.298
  speaker: boy1
  en: The church will have those who are unfaithful amidst the faithful.
  zh: 教会会在忠实信徒中有不忠实的人。
- start: 1198.368
  end: 1206.735
  speaker: boy1
  en: and that the idea that you can just have a pure church is something that is an impulse, but it's going to be a wrong one.
  zh: 认为你可以拥有一个纯洁的教会的想法是一种冲动，但这将是错误的。
- start: 1206.735
  end: 1208.816
  speaker: boy1
  en: And our Lord even taught that that can't be.
  zh: 我们的主甚至教导说这是不可能的。
- start: 1208.877
  end: 1212.0
  speaker: boy1
  en: But here, Luther starts to go against that idea.
  zh: 但在这里，路德开始反对这个想法。
- start: 1212.0
  end: 1216.423
  speaker: boy1
  en: So the idea that the visible church under Rome is the false church.
  zh: 所以认为罗马领导下的可见教会是假教会的想法。
- start: 1216.423
  end: 1218.424
  speaker: boy1
  en: We're going to create a pure church.
  zh: 我们要创建一个纯洁的教会。
- start: 1219.346
  end: 1225.973
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that impulse in Luther will be taken with the Puritans, with Zwingli and then Calvin.
  zh: 路德的这种冲动将被清教徒、慈运理，然后是加尔文所采纳。
- start: 1225.973
  end: 1232.535
  speaker: boy1
  en: and the idea of creating a pure church, and you're going to have the Puritan movement, and this idea that we're going to have a perfect community.
  zh: 创建纯洁教会的想法，你将会有清教徒运动，以及我们将拥有一个完美社区的想法。
- start: 1232.675
  end: 1238.016
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that doesn't follow from the Scriptures, doesn't follow from the New Testament, doesn't follow from our Lord.
  zh: 这并不符合圣经，不符合新约，不符合我们主的教导。
- start: 1238.016
  end: 1242.578
  speaker: boy1
  en: That will be, again, a significant misreading of Scripture in the way he lays this out.
  zh: 这再次是他在阐述方式上对圣经的重大误读。
- start: 1242.578
  end: 1251.64
  speaker: boy1
  en: But the significant thing that he does here, the really radical move that's going to be, and what, by the way, Luther does here in 1520, will lead to the break.
  zh: 但他在这里做的重要事情，那个真正激进的举动，顺便说一下，路德在1520年在这里所做的，将导致分裂。
- start: 1252.441
  end: 1260.016
  speaker: boy1
  en: There's no longer a dialogue  it's going to be a radical break with the church because he's going to throw out four of the sacraments.
  zh: 不再有对话了，这将是与教会的彻底决裂，因为他要抛弃四个圣事。
- start: 1260.317
  end: 1271.582
  speaker: boy1
  en: He's going to say there's three sacraments, which I think, as he says, he kind of puts a caveat, there's three sacraments that are real sacraments, four we have to throw out.
  zh: 他要说有三个圣事，我认为，正如他所说，他加了一个警告，有三个圣事是真正的圣事，四个我们必须抛弃。
- start: 1271.842
  end: 1278.185
  speaker: boy1
  en: And the three sacraments he wants to keep is confession, the Eucharist, and baptism.
  zh: 他想保留的三个圣事是忏悔、圣体圣事和洗礼。
- start: 1278.185
  end: 1283.922
  speaker: boy1
  en: A couple of years later,  A little afterwards, he'll change his mind about confession.
  zh: 几年后，不久之后，他会改变对忏悔的看法。
- start: 1283.922
  end: 1285.382
  speaker: boy1
  en: He'll throw that one out too.
  zh: 他也会把那个抛弃。
- start: 1286.282
  end: 1288.323
  speaker: boy1
  en: And he'll end up with just two sacraments.
  zh: 最后他只剩下两个圣事。
- start: 1288.623
  end: 1293.104
  speaker: boy1
  en: And even then, he's going to change the efficacy and the significance of those sacraments.
  zh: 即便如此，他还要改变这些圣事的功效和意义。
- start: 1293.124
  end: 1295.985
  speaker: boy1
  en: But Luther really breaks with the sacraments.
  zh: 但路德真的与圣事决裂了。
- start: 1295.985
  end: 1310.528
  speaker: boy1
  en: And I think that reflecting on this, one of the great mistakes Luther makes is that at this time, and I think of, and I was always struck by this when I was reading Cardinal Cisneros' introduction to the polyglot Bible.
  zh: 我认为反思这一点，路德犯的一个大错误是在这个时候，我想到，当我读西斯内罗斯枢机主教对多语对照圣经的介绍时，我总是被这一点所震撼。
- start: 1311.423
  end: 1317.446
  speaker: boy1
  en: The now heretofore dormant study of the Scriptures shall be revived.
  zh: 「迄今为止沉睡的圣经研究应该被复兴。」
- start: 1317.947
  end: 1324.03
  speaker: boy1
  en: And of course, Luther studies and he gets his doctorate in Scripture.
  zh: 当然，路德学习并获得了圣经博士学位。
- start: 1324.03
  end: 1330.253
  speaker: boy1
  en: But at that time, a biblical doctorate in Scripture is a very new study.
  zh: 但在那个时候，圣经博士学位是一个非常新的学科。
- start: 1330.673
  end: 1334.755
  speaker: boy1
  en: And the study of Scripture is really in its infancy.
  zh: 圣经研究真的还处于起步阶段。
- start: 1335.676
  end: 1343.847
  speaker: boy1
  en: And the Church has assumed that so much of its practices  In so many of its theological treatises, it's assumed Scripture.
  zh: 教会认为它的许多做法在许多神学论文中都假定了圣经。
- start: 1344.287
  end: 1352.012
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so when Luther challenges and says these sacraments aren't biblical, they don't go back to Scripture, they aren't really rooted in Scripture, it's something that hasn't been deeply thought out.
  zh: 所以当路德挑战并说这些圣事不符合圣经，它们不回溯到圣经，它们并不真正植根于圣经时，这是一个没有深入思考过的问题。
- start: 1352.012
  end: 1354.913
  speaker: boy1
  en: It was assumed more than stated and taught.
  zh: 这更多是被假定而不是被明确陈述和教导的。
- start: 1355.254
  end: 1369.382
  speaker: boy1
  en: And I think that it's an unfortunate moment where all of a sudden Luther creates this strong hermeneutic suspicion about how every practice of the church needs to be rethought in light of Scripture.
  zh: 我认为这是一个不幸的时刻，路德突然创造了这种强烈的解释学怀疑，认为教会的每一种做法都需要根据圣经重新思考。
- start: 1369.696
  end: 1385.221
  speaker: boy1
  en: And for a church that's gone through so many years throughout the Middle Ages of growing slowly with tradition based on Scripture, but kind of reflectively and slowly, and all of a sudden there's this major rethinking and questioning.
  zh: 对于一个在整个中世纪经历了这么多年，基于圣经的传统缓慢成长，但以一种反思和缓慢的方式，突然间出现了这种重大的重新思考和质疑的教会来说。
- start: 1385.221
  end: 1386.702
  speaker: boy1
  en: You can trust nothing.
  zh: 你不能相信任何东西。
- start: 1386.702
  end: 1388.722
  speaker: boy1
  en: We can't trust the church.
  zh: 我们不能相信教会。
- start: 1388.762
  end: 1390.643
  speaker: boy1
  en: We only can trust Scripture.
  zh: 我们只能相信圣经。
- start: 1391.023
  end: 1397.67
  speaker: boy1
  en: And the church hadn't found itself  where it had to articulate the biblical basis for all of its thought.
  zh: 教会还没有发现自己必须为所有思想阐明圣经基础。
- start: 1397.67
  end: 1398.671
  speaker: boy1
  en: It was assumed.
  zh: 这是被假定的。
- start: 1398.671
  end: 1400.451
  speaker: boy1
  en: I'm not saying the church didn't do that.
  zh: 我并不是说教会没有这样做。
- start: 1400.451
  end: 1403.152
  speaker: boy1
  en: I'm just saying that it wasn't self-consciously thought out.
  zh: 我只是说这不是有意识地思考过的。
- start: 1403.152
  end: 1411.114
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so Luther caught everybody by surprise by holding to a standard that the church never had, and that was sola scriptura.
  zh: 所以路德坚持教会从未有过的标准，即唯独圣经，让所有人都感到惊讶。
- start: 1411.594
  end: 1430.342
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that's what he's going to argue in this document in a significant way, that the new criteria for theology is sola scriptura,  And so sacraments that seem to come from tradition and from liturgy are to be held with great suspicion and ultimately to be rejected.
  zh: 这就是他在这份文件中要以重要方式论证的，神学的新标准是唯独圣经，因此那些似乎来自传统和礼仪的圣事应该受到极大怀疑，最终被拒绝。
- start: 1430.562
  end: 1432.802
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so now notice what's happening.
  zh: 所以现在注意正在发生的事。
- start: 1433.122
  end: 1437.603
  speaker: boy1
  en: Luther is adjudicating what's biblical and what's not biblical.
  zh: 路德正在裁决什么是符合圣经的，什么不是符合圣经的。
- start: 1438.284
  end: 1447.066
  speaker: boy1
  en: This is a subtle move that hasn't been caught yet by those following Luther because they're in the heat of the battle and they're like, well, he's a biblical scholar and he's saying that this isn't biblical.
  zh: 这是一个微妙的举动，还没有被那些追随路德的人察觉，因为他们正处于激烈的争论中，他们认为，嗯，他是圣经学者，他说这不符合圣经。
- start: 1447.156
  end: 1448.717
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so people are kind of like, oh, it's not biblical.
  zh: 所以人们就觉得，哦，这不符合圣经。
- start: 1448.717
  end: 1452.84
  speaker: boy1
  en: But they're realizing that it's a judgment what's biblical or not biblical.
  zh: 但他们意识到，这是一个关于什么是符合圣经或不符合圣经的判断。
- start: 1452.94
  end: 1459.924
  speaker: boy1
  en: And Luther is rejecting the Magisterium and Rome as, you know, an interpreter of Scripture.
  zh: 路德正在拒绝教会训导权和罗马作为圣经的解释者。
- start: 1459.925
  end: 1462.446
  speaker: boy1
  en: But now Luther is putting himself as the new pope, in a sense.
  zh: 但现在路德在某种意义上把自己置于新教宗的地位。
- start: 1462.446
  end: 1465.368
  speaker: boy1
  en: It's a slight of hand, but it's an important move.
  zh: 这是一个巧妙的手法，但这是一个重要的举动。
- start: 1465.368
  end: 1467.429
  speaker: boy1
  en: He is now interpreting Scripture.
  zh: 他现在正在解释圣经。
- start: 1467.45
  end: 1474.094
  speaker: boy1
  en: And it seems easy at first, but during Luther's own lifetime, Zwingli will interpret Scriptures differently.
  zh: 起初这似乎很容易，但在路德的有生之年，慈运理会以不同的方式解释圣经。
- start: 1474.094
  end: 1475.975
  speaker: boy1
  en: And Luther will get really mad at Zwingli.
  zh: 路德会对慈运理非常生气。
- start: 1476.579
  end: 1478.64
  speaker: boy1
  en: and not want to talk to him after a short while.
  zh: 不久之后就不想和他说话。
- start: 1478.64
  end: 1483.102
  speaker: boy1
  en: They're going to have arguments about the Eucharist and about the Mass.
  zh: 他们将就圣体圣事和弥撒产生争论。
- start: 1483.123
  end: 1487.865
  speaker: boy1
  en: But now the problem is there's no controlling legal authority, as someone once said.
  zh: 但现在的问题是，正如有人曾经说过的，没有控制性的法律权威。
- start: 1488.165
  end: 1492.808
  speaker: boy1
  en: There's no way to adjudicate who's interpreting Scripture correctly, right?
  zh: 没有办法裁决谁在正确解释圣经，对吧？
- start: 1492.808
  end: 1498.39
  speaker: boy1
  en: And this is part of the vacuum that's now coming into play by Luther's break with the Church.
  zh: 这是路德与教会决裂后出现的真空的一部分。
- start: 1499.231
  end: 1505.374
  speaker: boy1
  en: But I want to move to the main document that I want to focus on, and this is at the heart of Luther's theology.
  zh: 但我想转向我要关注的主要文件，这是路德神学的核心。
- start: 1505.652
  end: 1519.535
  speaker: boy1
  en: and of his novel and his new theology, and that comes in November of 1520. And that's going to be his great Magna Carta to make the real break fully, and it's on Christian liberty.
  zh: 以及他的新颖和新神学，这出现在1520年11月。这将是他的伟大大宪章，完全实现真正的决裂，它是关于基督徒的自由。
- start: 1521.155
  end: 1529.397
  speaker: boy1
  en: And of course the liberty, he wants the Christians to be liberated from the church and from Rome.
  zh: 当然，这种自由，他希望基督徒从教会和罗马中解放出来。
- start: 1529.617
  end: 1557.084
  speaker: boy1
  en: And this, by the way, this very spirit that Luther will tap into,  is exactly what I fear is going to be tapped into, and I'm already seeing and hearing echoes of this, and it's going to grow over this next month of October, where people say, look, Luther tried to reform the church 500 years ago, the church is still corrupt, we still have problems, look at the recent scandals in the priesthood, and so you can't, the church hasn't been fixed over 500 years, religion can never be reformed, forget religion.
  zh: 顺便说一下，路德将要利用的这种精神，正是我所担心的将被利用的，我已经看到和听到了这种回响，它将在接下来的10月份增长，人们会说，看，路德500年前试图改革教会，教会仍然腐败，我们仍然有问题，看看最近神职人员的丑闻，所以你不能，教会500年来没有被修复，宗教永远无法改革，忘掉宗教吧。
- start: 1557.765
  end: 1560.426
  speaker: boy1
  en: That will be the battle cry, I'm afraid.
  zh: 我担心这将成为战斗的口号。
- start: 1560.575
  end: 1568.498
  speaker: boy1
  en: But what the church understood in the time of Luther, Giles of Viterbo, and others, is that the church is always in need of reform.
  zh: 但路德、维泰博的吉尔斯和其他人那个时代的教会所理解的是，教会总是需要改革的。
- start: 1568.638
  end: 1572.16
  speaker: boy1
  en: Because the church will always have the wheat and the weeds.
  zh: 因为教会总是会有麦子和稗子。
- start: 1573.06
  end: 1578.582
  speaker: boy1
  en: The church will always need reform because the church is made up of the fallen children of Adam and Eve.
  zh: 教会总是需要改革，因为教会是由亚当和夏娃堕落的子孙组成的。
- start: 1579.423
  end: 1584.545
  speaker: boy1
  en: And as long as we have the fallen sons and daughters of Adam and Eve, we're always going to need reform.
  zh: 只要我们有亚当和夏娃堕落的子孙，我们就总是需要改革。
- start: 1584.885
  end: 1585.545
  speaker: boy1
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1585.545
  end: 1590.067
  speaker: boy1
  en: And this ideal of a pure ideal is a false ideal.
  zh: 这种纯粹理想的理念是一个虚假的理想。
- start: 1590.916
  end: 1597.679
  speaker: boy1
  en: that the reality is there's going to be sinners, but the reality is we need to work to reform in every age.
  zh: 现实是总会有罪人，但现实是我们需要在每个时代都努力改革。
- start: 1597.679
  end: 1609.344
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that's what's beautiful about the Catholic reformers of St. Ignatius of Loyola, St. Teresa of Avila, St. John of the Cross, is that we see that real reform happens through holiness.
  zh: 这就是圣依纳爵·罗耀拉、圣德肋撒·亚维拉、圣十字若望这些公教会改革者美好之处，我们看到真正的改革是通过圣洁发生的。
- start: 1609.925
  end: 1612.206
  speaker: boy1
  en: Real reform happens by saints.
  zh: 真正的改革是由圣人实现的。
- start: 1612.806
  end: 1615.747
  speaker: boy1
  en: Falling in love with God, following him radically.
  zh: 爱上神，彻底地跟随他。
- start: 1615.747
  end: 1621.189
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, Luther thought that the path to reform  was going to be by faith alone.
  zh: 现在，路德认为改革的道路将是唯独信心。
- start: 1621.189
  end: 1623.11
  speaker: boy1
  en: And this is what I want to talk about.
  zh: 这就是我想谈论的。
- start: 1623.11
  end: 1629.775
  speaker: boy1
  en: The keynote theme of On Christian Liberty is this idea of faith alone.
  zh: 《论基督徒的自由》的主旨是唯独信心的观念。
- start: 1630.315
  end: 1633.317
  speaker: boy1
  en: And what is faith-freeness of?
  zh: 那么信心的自由是什么？
- start: 1633.798
  end: 1644.305
  speaker: boy1
  en: First and foremost, more than a pope, more than bishops, more than ecclesiology and the church, what we really had to be liberated of is the idea that we have to do good works.
  zh: 首先，比教宗、主教、教会学和教会更重要的是，我们真正需要摆脱的是我们必须行善的观念。
- start: 1645.726
  end: 1648.708
  speaker: boy1
  en: That, for Luther, was the ultimate enemy.
  zh: 对路德来说，这是最终的敌人。
- start: 1648.806
  end: 1651.587
  speaker: boy1
  en: is the idea that we have to do good works to be saved.
  zh: 就是我们必须行善才能得救的观念。
- start: 1652.068
  end: 1657.07
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, of course, it's well known that Luther struggled with scrupulosity as a monk.
  zh: 现在，当然，众所周知路德作为修士时曾与过分谨小慎微作斗争。
- start: 1657.15
  end: 1660.432
  speaker: boy1
  en: That's why his superiors told him to go get a doctorate in Scripture.
  zh: 这就是为什么他的上级告诉他去获得圣经博士学位。
- start: 1660.432
  end: 1666.435
  speaker: boy1
  en: They thought that would be a good distraction so that he wouldn't have time for self-reflection.
  zh: 他们认为这会是一个很好的分心，这样他就没有时间进行自我反省。
- start: 1667.275
  end: 1669.216
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that's a good idea.
  zh: 这是个好主意。
- start: 1669.356
  end: 1673.658
  speaker: boy1
  en: Getting a doctorate in Scripture can take, can preoccupy one, I know.
  zh: 我知道，获得圣经博士学位可能会占用一个人的时间，可能会使人全神贯注。
- start: 1674.959
  end: 1675.94
  speaker: boy1
  en: I think of St. Jerome.
  zh: 我想到了圣耶柔米。
- start: 1675.94
  end: 1679.001
  speaker: boy1
  en: We said learning Hebrew was atoning for all the sins of his youth.
  zh: 我们说学习希伯来语是为他年轻时所有的罪赎罪。
- start: 1680.617
  end: 1691.402
  speaker: boy1
  en: But Luther was a man of great power and intellect, and that didn't solve his problems of scrupulosity.
  zh: 但路德是一个有很大能力和智慧的人，这并没有解决他过分谨小慎微的问题。
- start: 1691.482
  end: 1696.624
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so as Luther was struggling with scrupulosity, the first thing after he did his doctorate, he lectured on the Psalms.
  zh: 所以当路德正在与过分谨小慎微作斗争时，他获得博士学位后做的第一件事就是讲授诗篇。
- start: 1696.884
  end: 1702.007
  speaker: boy1
  en: And the Psalm that jumped out at him the most was Psalm 22, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?
  zh: 最让他印象深刻的诗篇是第22篇，「我的神，我的神，你为什么离弃我？」
- start: 1702.187
  end: 1708.91
  speaker: boy1
  en: Because Luther lived with anxious fear that God was going to condemn him as a sinner, and that he was going to go to hell.
  zh: 因为路德生活在焦虑的恐惧中，担心神会谴责他是罪人，他会下地狱。
- start: 1709.386
  end: 1718.089
  speaker: boy1
  en: And he suffered with deep anxiety and deep despair from that thought.
  zh: 这种想法让他遭受深深的焦虑和绝望。
- start: 1718.13
  end: 1720.23
  speaker: boy1
  en: And his spiritual directors tried to help him with that.
  zh: 他的灵修导师试图帮助他解决这个问题。
- start: 1720.23
  end: 1725.672
  speaker: boy1
  en: Then, after that first year of lecturing through the Psalms, he lectures through Galatians.
  zh: 然后，在讲授诗篇的第一年之后，他讲授了加拉太书。
- start: 1725.893
  end: 1730.434
  speaker: boy1
  en: And he comes across Paul's idea that we're saved by faith apart from works of the law.
  zh: 他遇到了保罗的观点，即我们因信得救，而不是因律法的行为。
- start: 1731.075
  end: 1737.217
  speaker: boy1
  en: And all of a sudden, this leads to a revolution for Luther, that good works doesn't matter.
  zh: 突然间，这引发了路德的一场革命，认为善行并不重要。
- start: 1737.745
  end: 1742.327
  speaker: boy1
  en: What matters is that I simply believe and have faith, and I can be saved by faith alone.
  zh: 重要的是我只需相信并有信心，我就可以唯独因信得救。
- start: 1742.888
  end: 1746.53
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so this is going to become the resounding note of all this theology.
  zh: 所以这将成为他所有神学的响亮主题。
- start: 1746.53
  end: 1753.234
  speaker: boy1
  en: I'm going to give you a few quotes from Luther on this, from his On Christian Liberty.
  zh: 我将给你几段路德在《论基督徒的自由》中关于这一点的引述。
- start: 1753.594
  end: 1760.458
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then I want to show how he bases it in a certain anthropology in the way he's going to read Scripture that I think is fundamental to understanding Luther.
  zh: 然后我想展示他如何将其建立在某种人类学基础上，以他解读圣经的方式，我认为这对理解路德是至关重要的。
- start: 1760.458
  end: 1763.079
  speaker: boy1
  en: So a couple of quotes about faith.
  zh: 所以这里有几段关于信心的引述。
- start: 1763.54
  end: 1811.869
  speaker: boy1
  en: He says this in Christian Liberty from paragraph 369 and following,  Line 369, the following, he says, That's a quote from 1st Epistle of Timothy, in chapter 1, verse 9.  is that Christian liberty, our faith, the effect of which is not that we should be careless or lead a bad life, but that no one should need the law or works for justification and salvation.
  zh: 他在《论基督徒的自由》第369段及以下说，第369行，他说，这是引自《提摩太前书》第1章第9节。基督徒的自由，我们的信心，其效果不是让我们变得粗心大意或过坏生活，而是没有人需要律法或行为来获得称义和救恩。
- start: 1812.529
  end: 1817.651
  speaker: boy1
  en: So, works and salvation, works, good deeds, has nothing to do with your salvation.
  zh: 所以，行为和救恩，行为，善行，与你的救恩无关。
- start: 1818.231
  end: 1819.372
  speaker: boy1
  en: It's faith alone.
  zh: 这就是唯独信心。
- start: 1819.372
  end: 1820.952
  speaker: boy1
  en: Again, I'll say this over and over again.
  zh: 我会一遍又一遍地重复这一点。
- start: 1820.952
  end: 1826.087
  speaker: boy1
  en: It is not by working, but by believing that we glorify God and confess Him to be true.
  zh: 不是通过行为，而是通过相信我们荣耀神并承认他是真实的。
- start: 1826.087
  end: 1834.892
  speaker: boy1
  en: It will say in the same document, line 453, so much so that works actually are evil.
  zh: 在同一文件的第453行中说，行为实际上是邪恶的。
- start: 1835.132
  end: 1837.614
  speaker: boy1
  en: Good works are actually evil in Luther's perspective.
  zh: 在路德的观点中，善行实际上是邪恶的。
- start: 1837.614
  end: 1839.575
  speaker: boy1
  en: This is a quote he gives a little bit later.
  zh: 这是他稍后给出的一段引述。
- start: 1839.575
  end: 1847.739
  speaker: boy1
  en: The Christian who is consecrated by his faith does good works, but the works do not make him holier or more Christian.
  zh: 「因信心而成圣的基督徒确实行善，但这些行为并不使他更圣洁或更像基督徒。」
- start: 1848.92
  end: 1851.501
  speaker: boy1
  en: For that is the work of faith alone.
  zh: 「因为那只是信心的工作。」
- start: 1851.822
  end: 1858.501
  speaker: boy1
  en: If a man were not first a believer and a Christian, all his works  would amount to nothing and would be truly wicked.
  zh: 「如果一个人首先不是信徒和基督徒，他所有的行为都将毫无价值，而且真正是邪恶的。」
- start: 1859.682
  end: 1862.403
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now I want to highlight this idea because it's not accidental to Luther.
  zh: 现在我想强调这个观点，因为这对路德来说并非偶然。
- start: 1862.403
  end: 1863.644
  speaker: boy1
  en: He says it repeatedly.
  zh: 他反复说这一点。
- start: 1863.824
  end: 1866.646
  speaker: boy1
  en: Good works lead you to be wicked.
  zh: 善行会导致你变得邪恶。
- start: 1869.929
  end: 1870.769
  speaker: boy1
  en: Why?
  zh: 为什么？
- start: 1871.45
  end: 1887.785
  speaker: boy1
  en: One of the great debates as Giles of Iturbo is renewing the Augustinian order, there's a sense of the orders need to go back to a stricter rule and that they have to go back from  Sometimes they were living too comfortably, eating too well, not working, not praying, not doing discipline.
  zh: 当维泰博的吉尔斯正在更新奥古斯丁修会时，有一种感觉认为修会需要回到更严格的规则，他们必须从有时生活太舒适、吃得太好、不工作、不祈祷、不遵守纪律的状态中回归。
- start: 1887.785
  end: 1893.87
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so there's this call for religious orders to go back to the original fervor of the order.
  zh: 因此，有人呼吁宗教修会回到最初的热忱。
- start: 1893.87
  end: 1901.116
  speaker: boy1
  en: This is happening amongst the Franciscans, happening so slowly that the Capuchins order is founded to renew the Franciscans.
  zh: 这在方济各会中发生，进展如此缓慢以至于成立了卡普钦会来更新方济各会。
- start: 1901.317
  end: 1907.181
  speaker: boy1
  en: This is happening with the Carmelites, like I mentioned, with what Teresa of Avila is going to be doing and others.
  zh: 这也发生在加尔默罗会中，就像我提到的，圣德肋撒·亚维拉和其他人将要做的事情。
- start: 1907.762
  end: 1924.221
  speaker: boy1
  en: But Giles of Viterbo is the first to lead this  In a significant way amongst one of the conventional orders, and he's doing it with the Augustinians, a debate breaks out amongst different monasteries about how good that monastery is at living and going back to the original rule.
  zh: 但维泰博的吉尔斯是第一个在传统修会中以重要方式领导这一运动的人，他在奥古斯丁会中这样做，不同修道院之间爆发了关于该修道院在生活和回归原始规则方面做得如何好的辩论。
- start: 1924.302
  end: 1929.946
  speaker: boy1
  en: Luther's monastery is critiqued by other monasteries for being too lax.
  zh: 路德的修道院被其他修道院批评为太过松懈。
- start: 1930.566
  end: 1938.272
  speaker: boy1
  en: Luther is delegated to represent his monastery to argue to the order that they're not being too strict.
  zh: 路德被委派代表他的修道院向修会辩论，说他们并没有太严格。
- start: 1938.272
  end: 1939.193
  speaker: boy1
  en: And what does Luther do?
  zh: 路德做了什么？
- start: 1939.193
  end: 1946.063
  speaker: boy1
  en: And this is before 1517.  Luther argues that the other monks are being Pharisees.
  zh: 这是在1517年之前。路德辩称其他修士是法利赛人。
- start: 1947.263
  end: 1947.944
  speaker: boy1
  en: You ever hear that term?
  zh: 你听过这个词吗？
- start: 1947.944
  end: 1949.224
  speaker: boy1
  en: Yeah.
  zh: 是的。
- start: 1949.324
  end: 1957.448
  speaker: boy1
  en: That they're being Pharisees and self-righteous, and that they're concerned with outward works, but all that matters is inward and the heart.
  zh: 他们是法利赛人和自以为义的人，他们关心的是外在的行为，但真正重要的是内心。
- start: 1957.948
  end: 1984.536
  speaker: boy1
  en: This dialectic of the inward heart and the outward works is something that shapes Luther in the debate that's happening in the reform question of the Augustinians before the split, before even 1517. And I want to show you  Luther doesn't publish anything at this time, before the break, except for his lecture notes, which are put later on the Psalms.
  zh: 这种内心和外在行为的辩证法在分裂之前，甚至在1517年之前，在奥古斯丁会的改革问题辩论中塑造了路德。我想告诉你，路德在这个时期，在分裂之前，除了他后来整理的诗篇讲义外，没有发表任何东西。
- start: 1984.657
  end: 1992.28
  speaker: boy1
  en: There might be his lecture notes on Galatians, which is questionable how that gets redacted, but I'm not enough of a Lutheran scholar to tell you if that's legit.
  zh: 可能有他的加拉太书讲义，但它是如何被编辑的还有疑问，我不是足够专业的路德学者，无法告诉你那是否合法。
- start: 1992.28
  end: 1995.142
  speaker: boy1
  en: But I will tell you this.
  zh: 但我会告诉你这个。
- start: 1995.782
  end: 2005.239
  speaker: boy1
  en: Here's his commentary regarding  Paul's understanding of anthropology that I think affects him deeply on this.
  zh: 这是他对保罗人类学理解的评论，我认为这深深影响了他。
- start: 2005.3
  end: 2018.589
  speaker: boy1
  en: In other words, I want to show you that for Luther, he's formed by the sense that the inward man comes to faith, that the soul and the spirit have faith, but the outward body is about outward works.
  zh: 换句话说，我想向你展示，对路德来说，他形成了这样的观念：内在的人产生信心，灵魂和精神有信心，但外在的身体是关于外在的行为。
- start: 2018.949
  end: 2026.694
  speaker: boy1
  en: And he's going to separate the soul from the body, and therefore faith from good works.
  zh: 他将把灵魂与身体分开，因此也把信心与善行分开。
- start: 2026.995
  end: 2033.525
  speaker: boy1
  en: And this is going to be not just a dialectic,  but it's going to be a dualism that controls Luther's anthropology.
  zh: 这不仅仅是一种辩证法，而是一种控制路德人类学的二元论。
- start: 2033.525
  end: 2035.645
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that's important because if you really want to...
  zh: 这很重要，因为如果你真的想...
- start: 2035.645
  end: 2040.726
  speaker: boy1
  en: when someone constructs a theological worldview, look at their anthropology.
  zh: 当某人构建神学世界观时，要看他们的人类学。
- start: 2040.746
  end: 2042.306
  speaker: boy1
  en: And what do I mean by anthropology?
  zh: 我所说的人类学是什么意思？
- start: 2042.306
  end: 2048.768
  speaker: boy1
  en: The understanding of the human person is fundamental to how you see how the world works and how God works.
  zh: 对人的理解是你如何看待世界运作和神如何工作的基础。
- start: 2049.148
  end: 2055.009
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so this is what Luther does in his anthropology that will control his understanding of faith alone.
  zh: 这就是路德在他的人类学中所做的，这将控制他对唯独信心的理解。
- start: 2055.249
  end: 2063.41
  speaker: boy1
  en: So he says this,  Man is composed of a two-fold nature, a spiritual and a bodily nature.
  zh: 所以他说，人由两种性质组成，一种是属灵的，一种是肉体的。
- start: 2063.85
  end: 2071.492
  speaker: boy1
  en: As regards to the spiritual nature, which they named the soul, he is called the spiritual, inward, new man.
  zh: 关于属灵的性质，他们称之为灵魂，他被称为属灵的、内在的、新人。
- start: 2072.052
  end: 2072.852
  speaker: boy1
  en: Called that by Paul.
  zh: 保罗这样称呼。
- start: 2072.852
  end: 2074.053
  speaker: boy1
  en: He doesn't say that, but that's what he means.
  zh: 他没有这么说，但这就是他的意思。
- start: 2074.053
  end: 2076.133
  speaker: boy1
  en: Called that by Paul and the tradition.
  zh: 保罗和传统这样称呼。
- start: 2076.533
  end: 2084.175
  speaker: boy1
  en: As regards to the bodily nature, which they named the flesh, he is called the fleshy, the outward, the old man.
  zh: 关于肉体的性质，他们称之为肉体，他被称为属肉体的、外在的、旧人。
- start: 2084.856
  end: 2102.292
  speaker: boy1
  en: The apostle,  That's from 2 Corinthians 4, verse 16 and following.
  zh: 使徒，这是来自《哥林多后书》第4章第16节及以下。
- start: 2102.292
  end: 2109.654
  speaker: boy1
  en: The result of this diversity is, this is Luther, that in the Scriptures opposing statements are made concerning the same man.
  zh: 这种多样性的结果是，这是路德的观点，在圣经中对同一个人做出了相反的陈述。
- start: 2109.774
  end: 2114.635
  speaker: boy1
  en: The fact being that in the same man, these two men are opposed to one another.
  zh: 事实是，在同一个人身上，这两个人是相互对立的。
- start: 2114.635
  end: 2115.795
  speaker: boy1
  en: The flesh...
  zh: 肉体...
- start: 2115.962
  end: 2120.223
  speaker: boy1
  en: lusting against the spirit and the spirit against the flesh.
  zh: 情欲和圣灵相争，圣灵和情欲相争。
- start: 2121.484
  end: 2129.266
  speaker: boy1
  en: So for Luther, his idea that good works happens in the body, which is the flesh, but there's no good in the flesh for Luther.
  zh: 所以对路德来说，他的观点是善行发生在身体中，也就是肉体中，但对路德来说肉体中没有善。
- start: 2129.867
  end: 2138.889
  speaker: boy1
  en: And therefore, the more works you build up, even good works, end up in wickedness because the body and the outward man don't matter at all.
  zh: 因此，你积累的行为越多，即使是善行，最终也会变成邪恶，因为身体和外在的人根本不重要。
- start: 2139.17
  end: 2143.511
  speaker: boy1
  en: All that matters is the inward man and the spirit and the soul.
  zh: 重要的只是内在的人、灵和魂。
- start: 2144.229
  end: 2158.339
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so what he's going to do by saying that you have the soul versus the body, he's going to say that faith operates in the realm of the soul and works operates in the flesh and in that body, the old man.
  zh: 所以他说你有灵魂对抗身体，他要说信心在灵魂领域运作，而行为在肉体和身体中运作，即旧人。
- start: 2160.021
  end: 2169.807
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now the problem with this is that he's created this great dichotomy in the human person, but he's misreading St. Paul's anthropology.
  zh: 现在的问题是，他在人的身上创造了这种巨大的二分法，但他误读了圣保罗的人类学。
- start: 2170.328
  end: 2176.467
  speaker: boy1
  en: And I want to take us to, in a short way,  So a couple passages in Paul that bear this out.
  zh: 我想简短地带我们看一下保罗的几段经文，这些经文证实了这一点。
- start: 2177.227
  end: 2185.85
  speaker: boy1
  en: So the key passage is going to be in Romans 6 and 7 and 8. And this is dangerous because this alone is at least an hour lecture.
  zh: 关键的段落将在《罗马书》第6、7和8章。这很危险，因为仅这一部分就至少需要一个小时的讲解。
- start: 2185.97
  end: 2192.593
  speaker: boy1
  en: So I'm trying to compress this in short order.
  zh: 所以我试图简短地压缩这个内容。
- start: 2193.213
  end: 2199.015
  speaker: boy1
  en: But let me give you a brief outline of the key argument in Romans.
  zh: 但让我给你一个《罗马书》中关键论点的简要概述。
- start: 2199.015
  end: 2204.524
  speaker: boy1
  en: In Romans chapter 5, there's two halves to Romans 5.  In the first half is Adam.
  zh: 在《罗马书》第5章中，第5章分为两半。前半部分是亚当。
- start: 2204.664
  end: 2206.986
  speaker: boy1
  en: Therefore sin came into the world through one man.
  zh: 「因此，罪是从一人进入了世界。」
- start: 2206.986
  end: 2209.727
  speaker: boy1
  en: Verse 12 of Romans 5. That's the problem.
  zh: 《罗马书》第5章第12节。这就是问题所在。
- start: 2210.087
  end: 2211.748
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then through sin, death.
  zh: 然后通过罪，死亡就来了。
- start: 2212.209
  end: 2213.289
  speaker: boy1
  en: But there's a solution.
  zh: 但有一个解决方案。
- start: 2213.289
  end: 2218.432
  speaker: boy1
  en: Verse 15 of chapter 5. But the free gift is not like the trespass.
  zh: 第5章第15节。「但恩赐不像过犯。」
- start: 2218.432
  end: 2223.475
  speaker: boy1
  en: And he's going to talk about the free gift is the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, has abounded for many.
  zh: 他将谈到这个白白的恩赐是一个人耶稣基督的恩典，已经丰丰富富地临到众人。
- start: 2223.475
  end: 2229.259
  speaker: boy1
  en: So Christ brings a free gift, which is grace, and the one man, Adam, brings sin.
  zh: 所以基督带来了一个白白的恩赐，就是恩典，而那一个人，亚当，带来了罪。
- start: 2229.259
  end: 2235.29
  speaker: boy1
  en: So you've got Adam versus the new Adam,  Old Adam, New Adam, Jesus versus Adam.
  zh: 所以你有亚当对比新亚当，旧亚当，新亚当，耶稣对比亚当。
- start: 2235.391
  end: 2238.593
  speaker: boy1
  en: Then in chapter 6, he talks about baptism.
  zh: 然后在第6章，他谈到洗礼。
- start: 2238.914
  end: 2248.781
  speaker: boy1
  en: That in baptism, we die to the old man, Adam, and we are born anew to the new man, Jesus, in baptism.
  zh: 在洗礼中，我们向旧人亚当死了，在洗礼中我们重生为新人耶稣。
- start: 2248.781
  end: 2251.703
  speaker: boy1
  en: So baptism is the fork in the road.
  zh: 所以洗礼是路上的分叉点。
- start: 2251.804
  end: 2255.106
  speaker: boy1
  en: That's where you leave the old Adam and you take on the new Adam.
  zh: 这是你离开旧亚当并接受新亚当的地方。
- start: 2255.267
  end: 2269.245
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now that's important in Romans 6, but then when you read Romans chapter 7, he is going to, in Romans chapter 7 and 8,  In Romans 7, he's going back to if you are in sin and if you're in the old Adam, you're in captivity and slavery.
  zh: 这在《罗马书》第6章很重要，但当你读到第7章时，他在第7章和第8章中，在第7章中，他回到如果你在罪中，如果你在旧亚当里，你就在被掳和奴役中。
- start: 2270.506
  end: 2277.829
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then in Romans 8, if, however, you've been baptized and you're following Christ and you're led by the Spirit of God, you're in freedom.
  zh: 然后在第8章中，如果你已经受洗，你跟随基督，你被神的灵引导，你就在自由中。
- start: 2278.57
  end: 2283.572
  speaker: boy1
  en: So the metaphor Paul plays on here is slavery and freedom.
  zh: 所以保罗在这里使用的比喻是奴役和自由。
- start: 2283.572
  end: 2286.414
  speaker: boy1
  en: Think of Luther's document here on Christian liberty.
  zh: 想想路德在这里关于基督徒自由的文件。
- start: 2287.094
  end: 2289.315
  speaker: boy1
  en: He's taking the Pauline idea of freedom.
  zh: 他采用了保罗的自由观念。
- start: 2289.375
  end: 2294.881
  speaker: boy1
  en: But for Paul,  The metaphor of slavery is sin creates slavery.
  zh: 但对保罗来说，奴役的比喻是罪造成奴役。
- start: 2294.921
  end: 2298.061
  speaker: boy1
  en: And Paul, of course, is building on a biblical metaphor.
  zh: 当然，保罗是在建立一个圣经的比喻。
- start: 2298.421
  end: 2300.001
  speaker: boy1
  en: Egyptian slavery.
  zh: 埃及的奴役。
- start: 2300.322
  end: 2303.742
  speaker: boy1
  en: Israel and Egypt bondage to the Egyptians.
  zh: 以色列和埃及对埃及人的束缚。
- start: 2303.742
  end: 2308.003
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then they cross through the Red Sea and they get liberated from Egyptian bondage.
  zh: 然后他们穿过红海，从埃及的束缚中获得解放。
- start: 2308.003
  end: 2317.485
  speaker: boy1
  en: And crossing the Red Sea is what Paul says in Romans, in 1 Corinthians chapter 10, is baptism, which frees us from bondage.
  zh: 保罗在《罗马书》和《哥林多前书》第10章中说，穿越红海就是洗礼，它使我们从束缚中解脱。
- start: 2317.905
  end: 2332.58
  speaker: boy1
  en: So Paul  who talks about that in 1 Corinthians 10 is thinking about that here in Romans 6, 7, and 8. So in Romans 6, we get out of bondage to sin by baptism because we die to the old man.
  zh: 所以保罗在《哥林多前书》第10章中谈到这一点，在《罗马书》第6、7和8章中也在思考这个问题。所以在《罗马书》第6章中，我们通过洗礼脱离罪的束缚，因为我们向旧人死了。
- start: 2332.761
  end: 2336.203
  speaker: boy1
  en: In Romans 7, he says, well, what does slavery to sin look like?
  zh: 在《罗马书》第7章中，他说，那么，对罪的奴役是什么样子的？
- start: 2336.203
  end: 2340.205
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so he goes into Romans 7 describing what bondage to sin looks like.
  zh: 所以他在《罗马书》第7章中描述了对罪的束缚是什么样子。
- start: 2340.205
  end: 2355.781
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then in Romans 8, he contrasts what bondage to sin and being in nature without baptism and without grace in the Adam  And so Romans 8 is how we're liberated by the Spirit and by baptism.
  zh: 然后在《罗马书》第8章中，他对比了在亚当里没有洗礼和恩典的情况下对罪的束缚和自然状态。所以《罗马书》第8章讲的是我们如何被圣灵和洗礼解放。
- start: 2356.321
  end: 2360.123
  speaker: boy1
  en: So Romans 7 is old man, Romans 8 is new man.
  zh: 所以《罗马书》第7章是旧人，第8章是新人。
- start: 2360.123
  end: 2362.224
  speaker: boy1
  en: Notice that there's a dialectic in Paul.
  zh: 注意保罗这里有一个辩证法。
- start: 2362.224
  end: 2364.044
  speaker: boy1
  en: Not a dualism, but a dialectic.
  zh: 不是二元论，而是辩证法。
- start: 2364.125
  end: 2367.006
  speaker: boy1
  en: Romans 5, Adam versus Jesus.
  zh: 《罗马书》第5章，亚当对比耶稣。
- start: 2367.106
  end: 2369.187
  speaker: boy1
  en: Romans 6, baptism.
  zh: 《罗马书》第6章，洗礼。
- start: 2369.187
  end: 2376.45
  speaker: boy1
  en: You die to the old Adam, and if you sin again, you're going to be a slave to sin, and you're going to be in the Adam again.
  zh: 你向旧亚当死了，但如果你再次犯罪，你就会再次成为罪的奴隶，你又会回到亚当里。
- start: 2376.47
  end: 2383.816
  speaker: boy1
  en: But in Romans 6, if you follow the law,  And you're led by the Spirit, you could be a slave of righteousness and do what's righteous and good.
  zh: 但在《罗马书》第6章中，如果你遵守律法，被圣灵引导，你就可以成为义的奴仆，行公义和善良的事。
- start: 2384.837
  end: 2387.518
  speaker: boy1
  en: So Paul's talking about baptism frees us.
  zh: 所以保罗谈到洗礼使我们得自由。
- start: 2387.518
  end: 2389.258
  speaker: boy1
  en: So again, there's this dualism.
  zh: 所以再次，这里有一种二元论。
- start: 2389.398
  end: 2396.761
  speaker: boy1
  en: Old Adam you die to, new Adam you rise to in baptism, but if you go back to sin and obey sin, you're going to be back in Adam.
  zh: 你向旧亚当死，在洗礼中向新亚当复活，但如果你回到罪中并顺从罪，你就会回到亚当里。
- start: 2397.101
  end: 2404.063
  speaker: boy1
  en: So for Paul, the metaphor is you're under Adam or you're under Christ, depending on who you're obeying.
  zh: 所以对保罗来说，这个比喻是你在亚当之下或在基督之下，取决于你顺从谁。
- start: 2404.564
  end: 2406.524
  speaker: boy1
  en: And baptism gets you out of Adam into Christ.
  zh: 洗礼使你从亚当进入基督。
- start: 2406.524
  end: 2408.705
  speaker: boy1
  en: But sin can take you back to Adam.
  zh: 但罪可以把你带回亚当。
- start: 2409.386
  end: 2412.207
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, in Romans 7, it's life in Adam.
  zh: 现在，在《罗马书》第7章中，是在亚当里的生活。
- start: 2412.207
  end: 2413.848
  speaker: boy1
  en: Romans 8 is life in Christ.
  zh: 《罗马书》第8章是在基督里的生活。
- start: 2413.848
  end: 2422.432
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, that's important because he ends Romans 7 by saying, look, I can know what's right, but I end up doing what's wrong.
  zh: 这很重要，因为他在《罗马书》第7章结尾说，看，我知道什么是对的，但我最终做了错的事。
- start: 2422.432
  end: 2432.796
  speaker: boy1
  en: But I see, as he says in Romans 7, verse 23, but I see in my members another law at war with the law of my mind and making me captive to the law of sin which dwells in my members.
  zh: 但我看到，正如他在《罗马书》第7章第23节所说，「但我看到在我肢体中另有个律，和我心中的律交战，把我掳去，叫我附从那肢体中犯罪的律。」
- start: 2432.856
  end: 2436.258
  speaker: boy1
  en: Wretched man that I am, who will deliver me from this body of death?
  zh: 「我真是苦啊！谁能救我脱离这取死的身体呢？」
- start: 2436.298
  end: 2445.113
  speaker: boy1
  en: Thanks be to God, through Jesus Christ our Lord,  So then I by myself serve the law of God with my mind, but with my flesh I serve the law of sin.
  zh: 「感谢神，靠着我们的主耶稣基督就能脱离了。这样看来，我以内心顺服神的律，我肉体却顺服罪的律了。」
- start: 2445.113
  end: 2455.417
  speaker: boy1
  en: And the flesh for Paul is sarx, oftentimes means the flesh, unredeemed by Christ, living under the realm of sin.
  zh: 对保罗来说，「肉体」（sarx）通常指未被基督救赎的肉体，生活在罪的领域下。
- start: 2455.437
  end: 2457.798
  speaker: boy1
  en: But the flesh can be redeemed.
  zh: 但肉体是可以被救赎的。
- start: 2457.818
  end: 2464.88
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that's why he moves into chapter 8 by saying, There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.
  zh: 这就是为什么他进入第8章时说：「如今，那些在基督耶稣里的就不定罪了。」
- start: 2464.961
  end: 2471.272
  speaker: boy1
  en: For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has set me free  "...from the law of sin and death.
  zh: 「因为赐生命圣灵的律，在基督耶稣里释放了我，使我脱离罪和死的律了。」
- start: 2471.333
  end: 2476.414
  speaker: boy1
  en: For God has done what the law weakened by the flesh could not do, sinning His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh.
  zh: 「律法既因肉体软弱，有所不能行的，神就差遣自己的儿子，成为罪身的形状。」
- start: 2476.414
  end: 2483.396
  speaker: boy1
  en: He condemned sin of the flesh in order that the just requirements of the law might be fulfilled..."
  zh: 「在肉体中定了罪案，使律法的义成就在我们这不随从肉体、只随从圣灵的人身上。」
- start: 2483.396
  end: 2484.216
  speaker: boy1
  en: In who?
  zh: 在谁身上？
- start: 2486.097
  end: 2486.757
  speaker: boy1
  en: Not in Christ.
  zh: 不是在基督身上。
- start: 2486.757
  end: 2488.057
  speaker: boy1
  en: That's what you would expect.
  zh: 这是你所期望的。
- start: 2490.678
  end: 2493.859
  speaker: boy1
  en: In us, is what Paul says.
  zh: 保罗说，是在我们身上。
- start: 2494.019
  end: 2527.943
  speaker: boy1
  en: '"...in order that the just requirements of the law might be fulfilled in us,  And then he goes on, Now, in chapter 7, sin indwells,  But in chapter 8, the Spirit indwells.'
  zh: 「...使律法的义成就在我们身上，」然后他继续说，在第7章中，罪内住，但在第8章中，圣灵内住。
- start: 2527.943
  end: 2536.409
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that word for indwelling is the idea of the Holy Spirit in the tabernacle, in the tent of meeting, in the temple.
  zh: 这个「内住」的词是指圣灵在会幕中，在会见的帐篷中，在圣殿中的概念。
- start: 2536.81
  end: 2546.818
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so what his contrast is, is that when we were dominated by sin, sin indwelled in our bodies, and we were powerless to do what was right.
  zh: 所以他的对比是，当我们被罪支配时，罪内住在我们的身体里，我们无力行正确的事。
- start: 2547.079
  end: 2558.448
  speaker: boy1
  en: But with the Holy Spirit given to us by Christ, now with the Holy Spirit indwelling in our bodies as temples,  we are given the power and the grace to do the law.
  zh: 但有了基督赐给我们的圣灵，现在圣灵内住在我们的身体里如同圣殿，我们就得到了能力和恩典来遵行律法。
- start: 2559.269
  end: 2563.911
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now this is embodied in a very simple move that Luther makes, and I want to go back to the macro picture.
  zh: 现在这体现在路德做的一个非常简单的举动中，我想回到宏观图景。
- start: 2563.911
  end: 2566.892
  speaker: boy1
  en: This is like, all right, Tim, I didn't follow that.
  zh: 这就像，好吧，蒂姆，我没跟上你的思路。
- start: 2568.433
  end: 2572.195
  speaker: boy1
  en: All right, go back and read Romans 5 through 8, and maybe you'll get it.
  zh: 好吧，回去读《罗马书》第5章到第8章，也许你就会明白了。
- start: 2572.455
  end: 2573.135
  speaker: boy1
  en: Paul's not easy.
  zh: 保罗不容易理解。
- start: 2573.135
  end: 2576.157
  speaker: boy1
  en: Even Peter says that in Scripture.
  zh: 连彼得在圣经中都这么说。
- start: 2579.258
  end: 2581.459
  speaker: boy1
  en: Here's what Luther does with the Catechism.
  zh: 这就是路德对教理问答所做的。
- start: 2581.58
  end: 2582.92
  speaker: boy1
  en: That's a simple move.
  zh: 这是一个简单的举动。
- start: 2583.066
  end: 2585.727
  speaker: boy1
  en: There's four pillars to the Catechism, right?
  zh: 教理问答有四个支柱，对吧？
- start: 2586.107
  end: 2593.97
  speaker: boy1
  en: And the first pillar of our Catechism, even in the New Catechism of the Catholic Church, published by St. John Paul II, what's the first pillar?
  zh: 我们教理问答的第一个支柱，即使在圣若望保禄二世发布的《公教会教理》中，第一个支柱是什么？
- start: 2594.791
  end: 2595.571
  speaker: boy1
  en: The Creed.
  zh: 信经。
- start: 2595.571
  end: 2596.731
  speaker: boy1
  en: The second pillar?
  zh: 第二个支柱？
- start: 2597.612
  end: 2598.572
  speaker: boy1
  en: Sacraments and Liturgy.
  zh: 圣事和礼仪。
- start: 2598.572
  end: 2599.653
  speaker: boy1
  en: The third pillar?
  zh: 第三个支柱？
- start: 2600.933
  end: 2602.034
  speaker: boy1
  en: The Moral Life.
  zh: 道德生活。
- start: 2602.034
  end: 2603.254
  speaker: boy1
  en: The fourth pillar?
  zh: 第四个支柱？
- start: 2603.374
  end: 2604.114
  speaker: boy1
  en: Prayer.
  zh: 祈祷。
- start: 2604.315
  end: 2605.055
  speaker: boy1
  en: Alright.
  zh: 好的。
- start: 2605.315
  end: 2610.497
  speaker: boy1
  en: Luther keeps all four, but he changes their order, which changes everything.
  zh: 路德保留了所有四个，但他改变了它们的顺序，这改变了一切。
- start: 2610.717
  end: 2612.578
  speaker: boy1
  en: What does Luther put first?
  zh: 路德把什么放在第一位？
- start: 2613.956
  end: 2616.517
  speaker: boy1
  en: What pillar does Luther put in the first place?
  zh: 路德把哪个支柱放在第一位？
- start: 2618.298
  end: 2619.198
  speaker: boy1
  en: The moral?
  zh: 道德？
- start: 2619.638
  end: 2620.878
  speaker: boy1
  en: Any other guesses?
  zh: 还有其他猜测吗？
- start: 2621.719
  end: 2622.519
  speaker: boy1
  en: Prayer?
  zh: 祈祷？
- start: 2623.539
  end: 2624.2
  speaker: boy1
  en: Prayer sounds good.
  zh: 祈祷听起来不错。
- start: 2624.2
  end: 2626.901
  speaker: boy1
  en: If you're a reformer, that sounds good, like a good answer.
  zh: 如果你是一个改革者，这听起来不错，像是一个好答案。
- start: 2626.901
  end: 2627.861
  speaker: boy1
  en: Like, we should pray.
  zh: 比如，我们应该祈祷。
- start: 2627.861
  end: 2629.301
  speaker: boy1
  en: We should be more spiritual.
  zh: 我们应该更加属灵。
- start: 2630.622
  end: 2632.722
  speaker: boy1
  en: He puts the moral life first.
  zh: 他把道德生活放在第一位。
- start: 2633.383
  end: 2635.243
  speaker: boy1
  en: He puts the Ten Commandments first.
  zh: 他把十诫放在第一位。
- start: 2635.844
  end: 2641.085
  speaker: boy1
  en: And you're thinking, wait a minute, Tim, you read all these, Luther hates the law, right?
  zh: 你可能在想，等一下，蒂姆，你读了所有这些，路德不是讨厌律法吗？
- start: 2641.766
  end: 2642.706
  speaker: boy1
  en: He does.
  zh: 他确实讨厌。
- start: 2642.978
  end: 2647.959
  speaker: boy1
  en: But he puts it first so that you experience the law and you despair that you could ever do it.
  zh: 但他把它放在第一位，这样你就会经历律法，并对你能否做到感到绝望。
- start: 2648.339
  end: 2653.101
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then you cry out in faith, which is the second pillar he puts, the creed.
  zh: 然后你在信心中呼求，这是他放在第二位的支柱，信经。
- start: 2653.101
  end: 2661.183
  speaker: boy1
  en: You cry out in faith, and then you're saved, and then you have some sacraments and a little bit of liturgy, and then you pray.
  zh: 你在信心中呼求，然后你得救了，然后你有一些圣事和一点礼仪，然后你祈祷。
- start: 2662.503
  end: 2666.364
  speaker: boy1
  en: But he never thought that the redeemed man could live the law.
  zh: 但他从未认为得救的人能够遵行律法。
- start: 2668.482
  end: 2670.122
  speaker: boy1
  en: And see, that's the problem.
  zh: 你看，这就是问题所在。
- start: 2670.122
  end: 2672.263
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, Catholics aren't Pelagian.
  zh: 现在，天主教徒不是伯拉纠派。
- start: 2672.263
  end: 2675.764
  speaker: boy1
  en: We don't believe that we can do good works and earn our salvation.
  zh: 我们不相信我们可以通过行善来赚取救恩。
- start: 2676.044
  end: 2680.305
  speaker: boy1
  en: We believe that only by the grace of God can we do good works.
  zh: 我们相信只有通过神的恩典，我们才能行善。
- start: 2681.945
  end: 2688.447
  speaker: boy1
  en: But we believe that God's grace is effective to empower and enable us to love and to do good works.
  zh: 但我们相信神的恩典是有效的，能够赋予我们力量并使我们能够去爱和行善。
- start: 2688.447
  end: 2693.848
  speaker: boy1
  en: As Paul just said in Romans 8, that the just requirements of the law, so why does Jesus die?
  zh: 正如保罗在《罗马书》第8章所说，律法的义要求，那么耶稣为什么要死？
- start: 2693.848
  end: 2695.269
  speaker: boy1
  en: Why does he give us his spirit?
  zh: 他为什么要赐给我们他的灵？
- start: 2695.269
  end: 2706.269
  speaker: boy1
  en: That the just requirements of the law  might be accomplished in us.
  zh: 使律法的义要求成就在我们身上。
- start: 2706.49
  end: 2707.951
  speaker: boy1
  en: So that's crucial.
  zh: 所以这是至关重要的。
- start: 2707.951
  end: 2709.351
  speaker: boy1
  en: So the point is this.
  zh: 所以重点是这样的。
- start: 2709.351
  end: 2713.434
  speaker: boy1
  en: In the Catechism of the Catholic Church, the first pillar is the Creed.
  zh: 在《公教会教理》中，第一个支柱是信经。
- start: 2713.434
  end: 2717.896
  speaker: boy1
  en: We hear what God does in salvation history and in Scripture, and then we come to believe.
  zh: 我们听到神在救恩历史和圣经中所做的事，然后我们开始相信。
- start: 2717.896
  end: 2727.001
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then that leads us to the sacraments and liturgy, where we take God's saving deeds of the past, are made present through the sacraments and the liturgy, so that we're given grace.
  zh: 然后这引导我们到圣事和礼仪，在那里我们接受神过去的救赎行为，通过圣事和礼仪使之呈现，以便我们得到恩典。
- start: 2727.338
  end: 2733.541
  speaker: boy1
  en: And once we're given grace in the second pillar, now we go to the third pillar, which is the moral life.
  zh: 一旦我们在第二个支柱中得到恩典，现在我们就进入第三个支柱，即道德生活。
- start: 2733.841
  end: 2740.885
  speaker: boy1
  en: And now, by living faith in the Creed and grace in the sacraments and liturgy, I can now live the moral life.
  zh: 现在，通过在信经中活出信心，在圣事和礼仪中活出恩典，我现在可以过道德生活。
- start: 2741.705
  end: 2750.35
  speaker: boy1
  en: And by living the moral life and following God in the moral life, that leads me to greater intimacy with God and empowers me to have prayer, which is intimacy with God.
  zh: 通过过道德生活并在道德生活中跟随神，这引导我与神有更亲密的关系，并赋予我力量去祈祷，这就是与神的亲密关系。
- start: 2751.591
  end: 2754.672
  speaker: boy1
  en: So there's a great ordo to the Catechism.
  zh: 所以教理问答有一个很好的秩序。
- start: 2754.818
  end: 2755.978
  speaker: boy1
  en: it's brilliant theology.
  zh: 这是出色的神学。
- start: 2755.978
  end: 2757.319
  speaker: boy1
  en: It's not just a collection.
  zh: 它不仅仅是一个集合。
- start: 2757.319
  end: 2760.039
  speaker: boy1
  en: The order of the Catechism is crucial.
  zh: 教理问答的顺序是至关重要的。
- start: 2760.039
  end: 2762.5
  speaker: boy1
  en: Change the order and you change the faith.
  zh: 改变顺序就是改变信仰。
- start: 2763.12
  end: 2764.461
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that's what Luther did.
  zh: 这就是路德所做的。
- start: 2765.201
  end: 2767.721
  speaker: boy1
  en: But notice there's no place for works.
  zh: 但注意，这里没有行为的位置。
- start: 2769.082
  end: 2771.202
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now what are works?
  zh: 那么什么是行为？
- start: 2771.403
  end: 2773.023
  speaker: boy1
  en: Luther is famous for using works.
  zh: 路德以使用「行为」这个词而闻名。
- start: 2773.023
  end: 2778.224
  speaker: boy1
  en: And you've heard probably Protestants say, you Catholics believe in works righteousness, right?
  zh: 你可能听过新教徒说，你们天主教徒相信行为称义，对吧？
- start: 2778.325
  end: 2784.166
  speaker: boy1
  en: Well, let me give you a couple passages on works in the New Testament and contrast that to Luther's perspective quickly.
  zh: 好吧，让我给你几段新约中关于行为的经文，并快速对比一下路德的观点。
- start: 2784.744
  end: 2792.228
  speaker: boy1
  en: Jesus, Matthew 5.16, let your light so shine before men that they may see your good works and give glory to your Father who is in heaven.
  zh: 耶稣在《马太福音》5:16说：「你们的光也当这样照在人前，叫他们看见你们的好行为，便将荣耀归给你们在天上的父。」
- start: 2792.249
  end: 2794.53
  speaker: boy1
  en: Notice that good works give glory to God.
  zh: 注意，好行为给神带来荣耀。
- start: 2794.61
  end: 2798.072
  speaker: boy1
  en: I read you a line where Luther said the only way we give glory to God is by faith.
  zh: 我给你读了一句路德说的话，他说我们给神荣耀的唯一方式是通过信心。
- start: 2798.552
  end: 2800.173
  speaker: boy1
  en: Clearly against Scripture.
  zh: 这明显与圣经相违背。
- start: 2801.374
  end: 2810.799
  speaker: boy1
  en: Matthew 7.21, not everyone who says to me, Lord, Lord, shall enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of my Father.
  zh: 《马太福音》7:21说：「凡称呼我『主啊，主啊』的人不能都进天国；惟独遵行我天父旨意的人才能进去。」
- start: 2813.601
  end: 2816.971
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then he tells you  A very important conclusion to a very important homily.
  zh: 然后他告诉你，这是一个非常重要的讲道的非常重要的结论。
- start: 2816.971
  end: 2826.333
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, the next passage is from Matthew 16, verse 27. For the Son of Man is to come with his angels in the glory of his Father, and then he will repay every man according to what he has done.
  zh: 现在，下一段经文是《马太福音》16:27。「人子要在他父的荣耀里同着众使者降临，那时候，他要照各人的行为报应各人。」
- start: 2843.462
  end: 2844.602
  speaker: boy1
  en: That's Jesus.
  zh: 这是耶稣说的。
- start: 2845.162
  end: 2847.823
  speaker: boy1
  en: Another one, Revelation 2.23 from Jesus.
  zh: 另一处，《启示录》2:23，也是耶稣说的。
- start: 2847.823
  end: 2854.344
  speaker: boy1
  en: I am He who searches mind and heart, and I will give to each of you as your works deserve.
  zh: 「我是那察看人肺腑心肠的，并要照你们的行为报应你们各人。」
- start: 2857.385
  end: 2860.706
  speaker: boy1
  en: Later in Revelation 22, verse 12, the final judgment is laid out.
  zh: 后来在《启示录》22:12，最后的审判被描述出来。
- start: 2860.706
  end: 2866.867
  speaker: boy1
  en: Behold, I am coming soon, bringing my recompense to repay everyone according to what he has done.
  zh: 「看哪，我必快来！赏罚在我，要照各人所行的报应他。」
- start: 2869.487
  end: 2873.088
  speaker: boy1
  en: We're not judged by faith alone, right?
  zh: 我们不是仅凭信心受审判的，对吧？
- start: 2873.103
  end: 2875.644
  speaker: boy1
  en: that's going to be important and that will be a crucial thing.
  zh: 这将是重要的，这将是一个关键的事情。
- start: 2875.644
  end: 2880.986
  speaker: boy1
  en: Paul, Romans 2 verse 6, for he will render to every man according to his works.
  zh: 保罗在《罗马书》2:6说：「他必照各人的行为报应各人。」
- start: 2881.867
  end: 2885.648
  speaker: boy1
  en: So the New Testament did a really bad job of saying we were saved by faith alone.
  zh: 所以新约在说我们仅凭信心得救这一点上做得很糟糕。
- start: 2885.648
  end: 2888.889
  speaker: boy1
  en: I just want to highlight that.
  zh: 我只想强调这一点。
- start: 2890.03
  end: 2898.513
  speaker: boy1
  en: 2 Corinthians 5.10, Paul says, for we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ so that each one may receive good or evil according to what he has done in the body.
  zh: 《哥林多后书》5:10，保罗说：「因为我们众人必要在基督台前显露出来，叫各人按着本身所行的，或善或恶受报。」
- start: 2898.894
  end: 2900.374
  speaker: boy1
  en: Oh, the body does matter.
  zh: 哦，身体确实很重要。
- start: 2901.854
  end: 2905.015
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, Paul uses sarx, which is the Greek word for flesh.
  zh: 现在，保罗使用sarx，这是希腊语中「肉体」的意思。
- start: 2905.015
  end: 2908.035
  speaker: boy1
  en: He also uses the word soma, which is the Greek word for body.
  zh: 他还使用soma这个词，这是希腊语中「身体」的意思。
- start: 2908.035
  end: 2920.117
  speaker: boy1
  en: Soma is oftentimes neutral to positive, whereas sarx oftentimes, but not always, is the idea of human, fallen human nature, under what Augustine will name concupiscence.
  zh: Soma通常是中性到积极的，而sarx通常（但并非总是）表示人性，堕落的人性，在奥古斯丁所称的「情欲」之下。
- start: 2920.117
  end: 2922.798
  speaker: boy1
  en: Fallen human nature is what Paul means by sarx.
  zh: 保罗用sarx指的是堕落的人性。
- start: 2922.858
  end: 2927.999
  speaker: boy1
  en: But see, Luther read that we're not redeemed and changed and transformed by the Spirit.
  zh: 但是，你看，路德理解为我们没有被圣灵救赎、改变和转变。
- start: 2927.999
  end: 2933.619
  speaker: boy1
  en: He thought that Romans 7,  that Adam in Romans 5 is the condition of every Christian.
  zh: 他认为《罗马书》第7章，《罗马书》第5章中的亚当是每个基督徒的状态。
- start: 2934.56
  end: 2937.823
  speaker: boy1
  en: But for Paul, there's a transformation that happens by baptism.
  zh: 但对保罗来说，通过洗礼发生了转变。
- start: 2937.823
  end: 2939.584
  speaker: boy1
  en: We're no longer in Adam.
  zh: 我们不再在亚当里。
- start: 2939.624
  end: 2940.685
  speaker: boy1
  en: We're in Christ.
  zh: 我们在基督里。
- start: 2940.685
  end: 2945.068
  speaker: boy1
  en: And by the grace of Christ, we could be transformed, and we can do the law.
  zh: 通过基督的恩典，我们可以被转变，我们可以遵行律法。
- start: 2945.549
  end: 2948.13
  speaker: boy1
  en: Luther thought we could never really do the law.
  zh: 路德认为我们永远不能真正遵行律法。
- start: 2949.952
  end: 2965.613
  speaker: boy1
  en: He thought that, because he had this dualism, that we were saved by faith alone, but the body, which he saw was the fallen human flesh, alone,  could never be redeemed and animated by God's grace and by God's Spirit, so we can never be led by the Spirit.
  zh: 他认为，因为他有这种二元论，我们仅凭信心得救，但身体，他认为是堕落的人性肉体，永远不能被神的恩典和神的灵救赎和激活，所以我们永远不能被圣灵引导。
- start: 2965.613
  end: 2968.655
  speaker: boy1
  en: But for Paul, that's a total misreading.
  zh: 但对保罗来说，这是完全的误读。
- start: 2968.915
  end: 2974.979
  speaker: boy1
  en: Paul's talking about Romans 7 and Romans 5 as life in Adam versus life in Christ.
  zh: 保罗在谈论《罗马书》第7章和第5章时，是在对比在亚当里的生命和在基督里的生命。
- start: 2974.979
  end: 2983.445
  speaker: boy1
  en: He's not collapsing these two together, that we're always under Adam, we're under the dominion of Adam and the dominion of Christ together.
  zh: 他并没有把这两者合并在一起，认为我们总是在亚当之下，我们同时在亚当的统治和基督的统治之下。
- start: 2983.445
  end: 2989.649
  speaker: boy1
  en: No. We're freed from dominion to sin by the Spirit.
  zh: 不是的。我们通过圣灵从罪的统治中得到释放。
- start: 2989.775
  end: 2992.857
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that's part of the joy of the good news.
  zh: 这是福音喜乐的一部分。
- start: 2992.857
  end: 2994.138
  speaker: boy1
  en: What's better news?
  zh: 什么是更好的消息？
- start: 2994.838
  end: 2999.761
  speaker: boy1
  en: That we're freed by sin to be able to live the law, or that we can never do the law?
  zh: 是我们从罪中得释放能够遵行律法，还是我们永远不能遵行律法？
- start: 2999.842
  end: 3000.722
  speaker: boy1
  en: What's better good news?
  zh: 什么是更好的好消息？
- start: 3000.722
  end: 3002.023
  speaker: boy1
  en: What's a better gospel?
  zh: 什么是更好的福音？
- start: 3002.944
  end: 3003.604
  speaker: boy1
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 3003.904
  end: 3012.91
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, the ultimate problem for Luther is he doesn't want humanity to be in the equation of salvation and justification.
  zh: 现在，路德的最终问题是他不希望人性在救恩和称义的等式中。
- start: 3013.631
  end: 3017.533
  speaker: boy1
  en: For Luther, it's not just that it's faith alone, apart from works.
  zh: 对路德来说，不仅仅是唯独信心，与行为无关。
- start: 3017.773
  end: 3022.476
  speaker: boy1
  en: Ultimately, the other  Great cry that Luther has is that we're saved by grace alone.
  zh: 最终，路德的另一个伟大呼声是我们唯独靠恩典得救。
- start: 3024.097
  end: 3025.037
  speaker: boy1
  en: Sola gratia.
  zh: 唯独恩典。
- start: 3025.037
  end: 3026.097
  speaker: boy1
  en: Grace alone.
  zh: 唯独恩典。
- start: 3026.438
  end: 3029.619
  speaker: boy1
  en: Grace alone versus what?
  zh: 唯独恩典对比什么？
- start: 3029.619
  end: 3031.86
  speaker: boy1
  en: What's grace pitted against?
  zh: 恩典与什么对立？
- start: 3032.14
  end: 3033.08
  speaker: boy1
  en: What do you think?
  zh: 你怎么认为？
- start: 3035.241
  end: 3036.982
  speaker: boy1
  en: You could say nature.
  zh: 你可以说是本性。
- start: 3036.982
  end: 3037.962
  speaker: boy1
  en: It's not sin.
  zh: 不是罪。
- start: 3037.962
  end: 3040.663
  speaker: boy1
  en: It's not just works.
  zh: 不仅仅是行为。
- start: 3040.663
  end: 3042.564
  speaker: boy1
  en: For Luther, faith is against works.
  zh: 对路德来说，信心是与行为对立的。
- start: 3042.704
  end: 3045.205
  speaker: boy1
  en: So why dig down even deeper?
  zh: 那为什么要更深入地挖掘？
- start: 3045.205
  end: 3046.065
  speaker: boy1
  en: Grace.
  zh: 恩典。
- start: 3046.825
  end: 3047.265
  speaker: boy1
  en: What's grace?
  zh: 什么是恩典？
- start: 3047.265
  end: 3049.046
  speaker: boy1
  en: So you have faith versus works.
  zh: 所以你有信心对比行为。
- start: 3050.359
  end: 3053.8
  speaker: boy1
  en: You have sola scriptura, scripture against what?
  zh: 你有唯独圣经，圣经对比什么？
- start: 3054.84
  end: 3056.52
  speaker: boy1
  en: Tradition, the church.
  zh: 传统，教会。
- start: 3057.24
  end: 3064.361
  speaker: boy1
  en: So again, Luther sets up these opposing dichotomies, this dialectic.
  zh: 所以再次，路德设立了这些对立的二分法，这种辩证法。
- start: 3065.522
  end: 3068.162
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so to understand them, what's grace against?
  zh: 所以要理解它们，恩典与什么对立？
- start: 3068.702
  end: 3069.922
  speaker: boy1
  en: Well, what is grace?
  zh: 那么，什么是恩典？
- start: 3072.043
  end: 3073.083
  speaker: boy1
  en: Let me put it this way.
  zh: 让我这样说吧。
- start: 3073.083
  end: 3074.183
  speaker: boy1
  en: Who is grace?
  zh: 谁是恩典？
- start: 3074.723
  end: 3076.364
  speaker: boy1
  en: God, the Holy Spirit, right.
  zh: 神，圣灵，对吧。
- start: 3076.364
  end: 3078.764
  speaker: boy1
  en: Caris, grace, is the gift of God.
  zh: Caris，恩典，是神的礼物。
- start: 3079.485
  end: 3082.226
  speaker: boy1
  en: So grace, and so what's opposed to grace then?
  zh: 所以恩典，那么什么与恩典对立呢？
- start: 3082.226
  end: 3086.267
  speaker: boy1
  en: If it's God, what's the opposite of sola gratia?
  zh: 如果是神，那么唯独恩典的对立面是什么？
- start: 3086.267
  end: 3090.969
  speaker: boy1
  en: Sola grace means what?
  zh: 唯独恩典意味着什么？
- start: 3090.969
  end: 3093.13
  speaker: boy1
  en: It's only about God versus who?
  zh: 它只关乎神对比谁？
- start: 3093.91
  end: 3094.99
  speaker: boy1
  en: Not the devil.
  zh: 不是魔鬼。
- start: 3095.771
  end: 3096.631
  speaker: boy1
  en: Against us.
  zh: 对抗我们。
- start: 3096.631
  end: 3097.591
  speaker: boy1
  en: Humanity.
  zh: 人性。
- start: 3098.872
  end: 3103.733
  speaker: boy1
  en: In other words, it's about what God does 100%. It's not about us.
  zh: 换句话说，这完全是关于神所做的100%。与我们无关。
- start: 3103.773
  end: 3108.955
  speaker: boy1
  en: And Calvin will get this with great clarity, and that's why he's going to teach with predestination.
  zh: 加尔文会非常清楚地理解这一点，这就是为什么他要教导预定论。
- start: 3109.5
  end: 3118.186
  speaker: boy1
  en: the idea that we're saved and justified, and God, it's all God, and it has nothing to do with what we do.
  zh: 我们得救和称义的观念，以及神，这完全是神的作为，与我们所做的无关。
- start: 3118.706
  end: 3121.528
  speaker: boy1
  en: What you do has nothing to do with salvation or justification.
  zh: 你所做的与救恩或称义无关。
- start: 3121.528
  end: 3122.549
  speaker: boy1
  en: It's all God.
  zh: 这完全是神的作为。
- start: 3122.969
  end: 3127.912
  speaker: boy1
  en: So the motive is, in a sense, give God all the glory, right?
  zh: 所以动机在某种意义上是把所有荣耀都归给神，对吧？
- start: 3128.013
  end: 3134.637
  speaker: boy1
  en: But this goes against the economy of salvation, how God works in history and in salvation.
  zh: 但这与救恩的经济相违背，与神在历史和救恩中的工作方式相违背。
- start: 3135.018
  end: 3138.629
  speaker: boy1
  en: The Scripture is divine authorship and human authorship.
  zh: 圣经是神的作者身份和人的作者身份。
- start: 3138.629
  end: 3140.049
  speaker: boy1
  en: The Incarnation.
  zh: 道成肉身。
- start: 3140.209
  end: 3143.67
  speaker: boy1
  en: Jesus is 100% divine.
  zh: 耶稣是100%神性的。
- start: 3144.33
  end: 3147.451
  speaker: boy1
  en: And what percentage human?
  zh: 那人性是多少百分比？
- start: 3147.451
  end: 3149.772
  speaker: boy1
  en: 100%. Not 50-50. That was thrown out.
  zh: 100%。不是50-50。那种观点被抛弃了。
- start: 3149.772
  end: 3150.852
  speaker: boy1
  en: That was bad.
  zh: 那是错误的。
- start: 3151.012
  end: 3151.572
  speaker: boy1
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 3151.572
  end: 3154.593
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then some people say, well, if he's 100% divine, he's 0% human.
  zh: 然后有些人说，好吧，如果他是100%神性的，那他就是0%人性的。
- start: 3154.593
  end: 3157.873
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then some people say, well, if he's 100% human, he's got to be 0% divine.
  zh: 还有些人说，好吧，如果他是100%人性的，那他就必须是0%神性的。
- start: 3157.873
  end: 3161.934
  speaker: boy1
  en: The mystery of the hypostatic union is that Jesus is fully human and fully divine.
  zh: 位格联合的奥秘在于耶稣是完全的人性和完全的神性。
- start: 3161.934
  end: 3163.535
  speaker: boy1
  en: That's the mystery of Scripture.
  zh: 这就是圣经的奥秘。
- start: 3163.855
  end: 3172.162
  speaker: boy1
  en: That's the mystery  That's the mystery of Christianity and the sacramental economy, but it's also the mystery of justification.
  zh: 这就是基督教和圣事经济的奥秘，但这也是称义的奥秘。
- start: 3172.162
  end: 3176.163
  speaker: boy1
  en: It's 100% God and it's 100% free will.
  zh: 这是100%神的作为，也是100%自由意志。
- start: 3176.163
  end: 3177.683
  speaker: boy1
  en: God gives us free will.
  zh: 神给了我们自由意志。
- start: 3177.683
  end: 3182.444
  speaker: boy1
  en: And what sola gratia, what grace alone denies, is human free will.
  zh: 而唯独恩典所否认的，是人的自由意志。
- start: 3184.324
  end: 3189.566
  speaker: boy1
  en: But God doesn't save us without us, as Augustine once observed.
  zh: 但正如奥古斯丁曾经观察到的，神不会在没有我们参与的情况下拯救我们。
- start: 3189.766
  end: 3192.266
  speaker: boy1
  en: God will not save us without us.
  zh: 神不会在没有我们参与的情况下拯救我们。
- start: 3192.946
  end: 3195.647
  speaker: boy1
  en: He freely gives us the choice to love him or not.
  zh: 他自由地给予我们选择爱他或不爱他的权利。
- start: 3196.041
  end: 3197.221
  speaker: boy1
  en: That's scary.
  zh: 这很可怕。
- start: 3197.602
  end: 3202.443
  speaker: boy1
  en: It's a huge weight of responsibility that he gives each one of us, and we can blow it.
  zh: 这是他给予我们每个人的巨大责任，我们可能会搞砸。
- start: 3203.064
  end: 3208.506
  speaker: boy1
  en: But if we call out to him, we don't have to live in anxiety and the borderline despair and depression.
  zh: 但如果我们呼求他，我们就不必生活在焦虑和边缘绝望与抑郁中。
- start: 3209.586
  end: 3218.009
  speaker: boy1
  en: We can walk in trust that God intends our good, and if we cry out to him, he will save us.
  zh: 我们可以信靠地行走，相信神意图我们的好处，如果我们向他呼求，他会拯救我们。
- start: 3218.009
  end: 3222.911
  speaker: boy1
  en: Not with assurance of salvation, that we're 100% assured, but with hope.
  zh: 不是带着100%确定的救恩保证，而是带着希望。
- start: 3224.266
  end: 3226.088
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so that's going to be very important.
  zh: 所以这将是非常重要的。
- start: 3226.088
  end: 3232.012
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so part of what Paul will say, and there's so many passages here I wanted to give.
  zh: 所以保罗要说的部分，这里有很多段落我想给出。
- start: 3233.134
  end: 3250.508
  speaker: boy1
  en: Part of what Paul will say at the beginning of 1 Corinthians 15, verse 1 through 2, he says, Now I would remind you, brethren, in what terms I preached to you the gospel, which you received, in which you stand, by which you are saved, provided you hold it fast.
  zh: 保罗在《哥林多前书》15章1-2节开头说的部分是：「弟兄们，我如今把先前所传给你们的福音告诉你们知道。这福音你们也领受了，又靠着站立得住，并且你们若不是徒然相信，能以持守我所传给你们的，就必因这福音得救。」
- start: 3252.634
  end: 3254.974
  speaker: boy1
  en: Unless you believed in vain.
  zh: 除非你们是徒然相信。
- start: 3256.155
  end: 3266.476
  speaker: boy1
  en: So Paul believes that you can have a faith that ends up being in vain if you don't hold it fast, if you're not faithful to that which you believe and to whom you believe.
  zh: 所以保罗相信，如果你不坚持，如果你对你所信的和你所信的对象不忠实，你可能会有一个最终徒然的信心。
- start: 3266.777
  end: 3270.497
  speaker: boy1
  en: He says this earlier in 1 Corinthians 13. What does he mean by this?
  zh: 他在《哥林多前书》13章早些时候说过这个。他这是什么意思？
- start: 3270.557
  end: 3276.578
  speaker: boy1
  en: He says, If I speak in the tongues of men and of angels, but have not love, I am a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal.
  zh: 他说：「我若能说万人的方言，并天使的话语，却没有爱，我就成了鸣的锣，响的钹一般。」
- start: 3276.578
  end: 3286.24
  speaker: boy1
  en: And if I have prophetic powers and understand all mysteries and all knowledge and have all faith,  So as to remove mountains, but have not love, I am nothing.
  zh: 「我若有先知讲道之能，也明白各样的奥秘，各样的知识，而且有全备的信，叫我能够移山，却没有爱，我就算不得什么。」
- start: 3288.321
  end: 3291.102
  speaker: boy1
  en: Paul did not believe we are saved by faith alone.
  zh: 保罗并不相信我们仅凭信心得救。
- start: 3291.743
  end: 3307.828
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, Luther will add the word alone in that famous passage in Romans chapter 3, and then when Luther was challenged immediately by the Catholics, Paul didn't say alone, and Luther said that's what he meant.
  zh: 现在，路德会在《罗马书》第3章那个著名的段落中加上「唯独」这个词，当路德立即受到天主教徒的质疑时，保罗没有说「唯独」，路德说这就是他的意思。
- start: 3308.948
  end: 3313.34
  speaker: boy1
  en: But there's some countervailing  quotations in many other books.
  zh: 但在许多其他书中有一些相反的引述。
- start: 3313.62
  end: 3315.04
  speaker: boy1
  en: But just within, we don't have to go to James.
  zh: 但就在这里，我们不必去看雅各书。
- start: 3315.04
  end: 3320.762
  speaker: boy1
  en: Of course, James is obviously explicit that we're not saved by works alone, but by faith.
  zh: 当然，雅各书明确表示我们不是仅凭行为得救，而是凭信心。
- start: 3321.283
  end: 3324.164
  speaker: boy1
  en: And the importance of faith and works.
  zh: 以及信心和行为的重要性。
- start: 3324.164
  end: 3333.507
  speaker: boy1
  en: But the significant thing, this runs throughout Paul, but I could read, oh gosh, so many more passages.
  zh: 但重要的是，这贯穿保罗的全部，我可以读，哦天哪，还有很多段落。
- start: 3333.507
  end: 3340.369
  speaker: boy1
  en: You know, in Philippians 2.12, Therefore, my beloved, so now not only in my presence, but much more in my absence, work out your own salvation.
  zh: 你知道，在《腓立比书》2:12中说：「这样看来，我亲爱的弟兄，你们既是常顺服的，不但我在你们那里，就是我如今不在你们那里，更是顺服的，就当恐惧战兢做成你们得救的工夫。」
- start: 3340.59
  end: 3357.021
  speaker: boy1
  en: See, we're not Pelagian that we think we can pour ourselves up our own moral bootstraps, but we believe that God's grace is effective in the human heart and transformative.
  zh: 看，我们不是伯拉纠派，认为我们可以靠自己的道德力量提升自己，但我们相信神的恩典在人心中是有效的和变革性的。
- start: 3358.103
  end: 3363.727
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that by grace, we can do, we can love, and we can be faithful to the law and good works.
  zh: 通过恩典，我们能做到，我们能爱，我们能忠于律法和善行。
- start: 3363.727
  end: 3367.009
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that's so crucial to understand.
  zh: 理解这一点至关重要。
- start: 3367.009
  end: 3373.79
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, what happens  After Luther is going to argue faith alone, is there going to be a Catholic reaction to it?
  zh: 现在，在路德主张唯独信心之后会发生什么，天主教有什么反应吗？
- start: 3373.79
  end: 3377.552
  speaker: boy1
  en: And I want to just pull out two slight themes.
  zh: 我想提出两个小主题。
- start: 3377.552
  end: 3379.392
  speaker: boy1
  en: One is from Charles Borromeo.
  zh: 一个来自查理·波罗密欧。
- start: 3380.633
  end: 3384.594
  speaker: boy1
  en: He is going to take on this idea of faith alone.
  zh: 他将接受这个唯独信心的观念。
- start: 3384.834
  end: 3394.158
  speaker: boy1
  en: And what happens, and I first encountered this just as an example, and Charles Borromeo was the Cardinal of Milan.
  zh: 发生的事情，我第一次遇到这只是一个例子，查理·波罗密欧是米兰的枢机主教。
- start: 3394.778
  end: 3401.244
  speaker: boy1
  en: And he had an important role in the renewal of Rome and in the  Later papacy.
  zh: 他在罗马的更新和后来的教皇制中扮演了重要角色。
- start: 3401.244
  end: 3402.924
  speaker: boy1
  en: But I want to highlight this.
  zh: 但我想强调这一点。
- start: 3402.924
  end: 3406.626
  speaker: boy1
  en: He has a titular church in Rome that was his church that he was in charge of.
  zh: 他在罗马有一个名义上的教堂，那是他负责的教堂。
- start: 3406.626
  end: 3408.927
  speaker: boy1
  en: His cardinals all are assigned a church in Rome.
  zh: 他的枢机主教们都被分配了罗马的一个教堂。
- start: 3408.927
  end: 3414.369
  speaker: boy1
  en: And his was Santa Preseda, which is one of my favorite churches in Rome.
  zh: 他的是圣普拉塞德教堂，这是我在罗马最喜欢的教堂之一。
- start: 3414.369
  end: 3415.109
  speaker: boy1
  en: It's a treasure.
  zh: 这是一个宝藏。
- start: 3415.109
  end: 3416.91
  speaker: boy1
  en: It's a great, great church.
  zh: 这是一个非常棒的教堂。
- start: 3416.91
  end: 3424.272
  speaker: boy1
  en: It was renewed by Pope Paschal I in 822. And it's just a phenomenal church.
  zh: 它在822年由帕斯卡一世教宗重新修缮。这是一个非凡的教堂。
- start: 3424.272
  end: 3426.273
  speaker: boy1
  en: But he had that church.
  zh: 但他拥有那个教堂。
- start: 3426.273
  end: 3432.407
  speaker: boy1
  en: And in his chapel, he put  In one of the side chapels, the four cardinal virtues on all corners.
  zh: 在他的小教堂里，他在一个侧面小教堂的四个角落放置了四个基本德行。
- start: 3432.407
  end: 3454.492
  speaker: boy1
  en: And this became something of counter-reformation chapels and churches, where they would put the four cardinal virtues on the four corners of a chapel to remind everyone what Peter says in 2 Peter 1, verse 5, where Peter says that we are called, in verse 4, he says, we are called to be partakers of the divine nature.
  zh: 这成为了反宗教改革小教堂和教堂的特色，他们会在小教堂的四个角落放置四个基本德行，以提醒每个人彼得在《彼得后书》1章5节中所说的话，在第4节中，彼得说我们被召成为神性的分享者。
- start: 3454.972
  end: 3456.133
  speaker: boy1
  en: This is what grace does.
  zh: 这就是恩典所做的。
- start: 3456.133
  end: 3457.369
  speaker: boy1
  en: It divinizes us.
  zh: 它使我们神化。
- start: 3457.369
  end: 3459.79
  speaker: boy1
  en: we are sharing in God's grace in life.
  zh: 我们在生命中分享神的恩典。
- start: 3459.91
  end: 3474.336
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then, given that we're called to partake of the divine nature by the gift of Christ, he says in 2 Peter 1.5, therefore make every effort to supplement your faith with virtue.
  zh: 然后，鉴于我们被召通过基督的恩赐分享神性，他在《彼得后书》1:5中说，所以你们要分外地殷勤，有了信心，又要加上德行。
- start: 3476.097
  end: 3480.139
  speaker: boy1
  en: So there's Peter saying make every effort to supplement your faith with virtue.
  zh: 所以彼得说要尽一切努力在你的信心上加上德行。
- start: 3480.139
  end: 3487.582
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then by the time he gets to verse 8, he says this will keep you from being ineffectual and unfruitful in your service of Jesus Christ our Lord.
  zh: 到了第8节，他说这样就必使你们在认识我们的主耶稣基督上不至于闲懒不结果子。
- start: 3489.096
  end: 3495.14
  speaker: boy1
  en: So to be fruitful and effectual, we have to supplement our faith with virtue, with good deeds, with good works.
  zh: 所以为了结果子和有效，我们必须在信心上加上德行，加上善行，加上好的工作。
- start: 3495.28
  end: 3502.545
  speaker: boy1
  en: Well, Charles Borromeo really starts to put these cardinal virtues up in his side chapel.
  zh: 查理·波罗密欧真的开始在他的侧面小教堂中放置这些基本德行。
- start: 3502.545
  end: 3506.307
  speaker: boy1
  en: Then other chapels do this in these kind of Reformation churches.
  zh: 然后其他小教堂在这些改革教会中也这样做。
- start: 3506.307
  end: 3513.192
  speaker: boy1
  en: Many of them have that to remind the faithful of the importance of good works, to give honor and love to Christ.
  zh: 他们中的许多人都有这个，以提醒信徒善行的重要性，以给予基督荣耀和爱。
- start: 3513.212
  end: 3526.635
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, one of the things that Luther ends up doing that will be  Significant in the development of the West and amongst Protestant nations is that he wants to drain the swamp of the idea of you have to do good works.
  zh: 现在，路德最终做的一件事，这在西方和新教国家的发展中将是重要的，就是他想要清除你必须行善的观念。
- start: 3527.476
  end: 3538.2
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so one of the first things he does, he says we should take a tax, the government should tax, to instead of having people give alms to take care of the poor, the government should do a tax to take care of the poor.
  zh: 所以他做的第一件事之一是，他说我们应该征税，政府应该征税，而不是让人们施舍来照顾穷人，政府应该征税来照顾穷人。
- start: 3538.8
  end: 3539.92
  speaker: boy1
  en: And they do that.
  zh: 他们确实这样做了。
- start: 3541.121
  end: 3547.867
  speaker: boy1
  en: And they start to, so all these governments start to add taxes  to take care of hospitals and the poor.
  zh: 所以所有这些政府开始增加税收来照顾医院和穷人。
- start: 3548.187
  end: 3550.968
  speaker: boy1
  en: Calvin will do this in Geneva.
  zh: 加尔文会在日内瓦这样做。
- start: 3550.968
  end: 3552.328
  speaker: boy1
  en: This will be done everywhere else.
  zh: 这将在其他地方也会这样做。
- start: 3552.328
  end: 3553.288
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so it starts to catch.
  zh: 所以它开始流行起来。
- start: 3553.288
  end: 3572.433
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so even a Spanish Catholic king tries to do this, Philip II. So he offers up, he proposes that they do it at a tax in Spain so that rather than having, and before that, by the way, all the hospitals and all the works of charity had confraternities.
  zh: 所以甚至一位西班牙天主教国王腓力二世也试图这样做。他提出在西班牙征税，而不是像以前那样，所有的医院和慈善工作都有兄弟会。
- start: 3573.134
  end: 3585.517
  speaker: boy1
  en: So you have several hundred people who belong to this hospital and all those people would do prayers and they would give their alms and give financial support to support that hospital or to support whatever good work, support that homeless shelter.
  zh: 所以你有几百人属于这个医院，所有这些人都会祈祷，他们会施舍，给予财务支持来支持那个医院或支持任何善举，支持那个无家可归者收容所。
- start: 3585.517
  end: 3586.518
  speaker: boy1
  en: So that's what they would do.
  zh: 所以这就是他们会做的。
- start: 3586.518
  end: 3594.68
  speaker: boy1
  en: They would have all these, there was thousands of confraternities with tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of members who supported all these good works.
  zh: 他们会有所有这些，有成千上万的兄弟会，有数十万、数十万的成员支持所有这些善举。
- start: 3594.84
  end: 3598.341
  speaker: boy1
  en: So when Philip II proposed this, there was riots.
  zh: 所以当腓力二世提出这个建议时，发生了骚乱。
- start: 3598.402
  end: 3618.028
  speaker: boy1
  en: And the people rose up and said, how dare you take away our good works and our free merit by imposing a tax on us to take care of the poor and almsgiving, and we lose the freedom of doing this of our own free will and accruing good works and good merit.
  zh: 人们起来说，你怎敢通过对我们征税来照顾穷人和施舍，从而剥夺我们的善行和自由功德，我们失去了自由意志做这些事并积累善行和功德的自由。
- start: 3618.988
  end: 3624.33
  speaker: boy1
  en: And by the way, the beautiful thing about the confraternities is it wasn't public care of the poor.
  zh: 顺便说一下，兄弟会的美好之处在于它不是公共的贫困救助。
- start: 3624.33
  end: 3638.525
  speaker: boy1
  en: It was people like St. Catherine of Genoa  who started a confraternity to take care of people in hospitals, or people like St. Philip Neri, the people who supported the hospital actually volunteered and got to know and care for them.
  zh: 它是像热那亚的圣凯瑟琳这样的人，她开始了一个兄弟会来照顾医院里的人，或者像圣菲利普·内里这样的人，支持医院的人实际上是自愿的，并了解和关心他们。
- start: 3638.785
  end: 3647.468
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so the idea was, you know, these ideas, I guess what I want to say, about good works has huge implications.
  zh: 所以这个想法是，你知道，这些想法，我想说的是，关于善行有巨大的影响。
- start: 3647.468
  end: 3651.67
  speaker: boy1
  en: They start to trickle down into how society and the government is structured.
  zh: 它们开始渗透到社会和政府的结构中。
- start: 3652.65
  end: 3657.112
  speaker: boy1
  en: And I'll leave it to you how that gets applied.
  zh: 我会让你们自己去思考这如何被应用。
- start: 3657.891
  end: 3675.143
  speaker: boy1
  en: In many other ways, but it's a fascinating, this consequence with good works and the idea that you don't need a good works gets this idea that there's a social welfare system, that you don't have to do anything to ultimately, where it gets pushed by liberal Christianity, is you don't have to do anything to get into heaven.
  zh: 在许多其他方面，但这是一个有趣的结果，善行的这个结果和你不需要善行的想法导致了社会福利制度的想法，你最终不需要做任何事，在自由基督教的推动下，你不需要做任何事就能进天堂。
- start: 3675.564
  end: 3679.206
  speaker: boy1
  en: Everybody's saved at the end of the day if you don't have to do good works.
  zh: 如果你不需要行善，最终每个人都会得救。
- start: 3680.228
  end: 3694.492
  speaker: boy1
  en: And of course that's stretching what Luther thought and taught, but it's certainly the outcome  You take that down and you can see how if you throw out the equation of good works, then there's no judgment.
  zh: 当然，这是对路德的思想和教导的延伸，但这肯定是结果。你把它写下来，你就可以看到，如果你抛弃善行的等式，那么就没有审判。
- start: 3694.672
  end: 3696.133
  speaker: boy1
  en: There's no accountability.
  zh: 没有责任。
- start: 3696.753
  end: 3699.775
  speaker: boy1
  en: And there's no motivation to do good.
  zh: 也没有行善的动机。
- start: 3699.835
  end: 3703.077
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that's a great loss for the Christian faithful.
  zh: 这对基督徒信徒来说是一个巨大的损失。
- start: 3703.077
  end: 3711.062
  speaker: boy1
  en: And there's many scriptural passages that give motivation and the idea of reward for taking care of the poor.
  zh: 有许多圣经段落给出了照顾穷人的动机和奖赏的观念。
- start: 3711.062
  end: 3713.043
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that's what's lost by Luther.
  zh: 这就是路德所失去的。
- start: 3713.043
  end: 3725.645
  speaker: boy1
  en: And if you look at  The Catholic nations, the charitable works for the poor, hospitals, homeless shelters, they're legion.
  zh: 如果你看看天主教国家，为穷人做的慈善工作，医院，无家可归者收容所，它们数不胜数。
- start: 3725.645
  end: 3729.708
  speaker: boy1
  en: They're all over because people are motivated by the Scriptures.
  zh: 它们到处都是，因为人们被圣经激励。
- start: 3729.708
  end: 3737.934
  speaker: boy1
  en: And of course, I'd end with one passage of Jesus, then we can take questions and wine, which is always a good thing.
  zh: 当然，我会以耶稣的一段话结束，然后我们可以提问和喝酒，这总是好事。
- start: 3737.934
  end: 3740.716
  speaker: boy1
  en: That is the wine, I'm sure.
  zh: 我确信那是酒。
- start: 3740.756
  end: 3748.159
  speaker: boy1
  en: In chapter 25, verse 31, When the Son of Man comes in His glory and all the angels with Him,  Notice that salvation is always inheritance.
  zh: 在第25章第31节，「当人子在他荣耀里同着众天使降临的时候，」注意，救恩总是继承。
- start: 3748.159
  end: 3752.142
  speaker: boy1
  en: You have to be a child of God in good standing, which is what good works and loves names, to get the inheritance.
  zh: 你必须是一个品行良好的神的孩子，这就是善行和爱的名字所指的，才能得到继承。
- start: 3752.142
  end: 3753.763
  speaker: boy1
  en: But you don't earn an inheritance.
  zh: 但你不是赚得继承权。
- start: 3776.687
  end: 3778.288
  speaker: boy1
  en: You're given an inheritance.
  zh: 继承权是给予你的。
- start: 3778.308
  end: 3781.85
  speaker: boy1
  en: But if you're not a child of good standing, you don't get the inheritance.
  zh: 但如果你不是品行良好的孩子，你就得不到继承权。
- start: 3782.07
  end: 3784.211
  speaker: boy1
  en: Think of Jesus' parable of the prodigal son.
  zh: 想想耶稣的浪子比喻。
- start: 3785.152
  end: 3789.334
  speaker: boy1
  en: This my son was dead, but now he's alive because he's reconciled.
  zh: 「这我的儿子是死而复活，失而又得的」，因为他和好了。
- start: 3789.514
  end: 3791.155
  speaker: boy1
  en: But he was out of the family.
  zh: 但他曾经离开了家庭。
- start: 3791.155
  end: 3792.716
  speaker: boy1
  en: He was out of the inheritance.
  zh: 他失去了继承权。
- start: 3793.457
  end: 3795.658
  speaker: boy1
  en: Then Jesus goes on, For I was hungry, and you gave me food.
  zh: 然后耶稣继续说，「因为我饿了，你们给我吃。」
- start: 3795.658
  end: 3796.979
  speaker: boy1
  en: I was thirsty, and you gave me drink.
  zh: 「渴了，你们给我喝。」
- start: 3796.979
  end: 3798.519
  speaker: boy1
  en: I was a stranger, and you welcomed me.
  zh: 「我作客旅，你们留我住。」
- start: 3798.519
  end: 3799.52
  speaker: boy1
  en: I was naked, and you clothed me.
  zh: 「我赤身露体，你们给我穿。」
- start: 3799.52
  end: 3800.481
  speaker: boy1
  en: I was sick, and you visited me.
  zh: 「我病了，你们看顾我。」
- start: 3800.481
  end: 3802.421
  speaker: boy1
  en: I was a prisoner, and you came to visit me.
  zh: 「我在监里，你们来看我。」
- start: 3802.562
  end: 3805.623
  speaker: boy1
  en: Then the righteous will answer him, Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you?
  zh: 「义人就回答说：『主啊，我们什么时候见你饿了，给你吃？』」
- start: 3805.623
  end: 3806.826
  speaker: boy1
  en: And I wouldn't do that.
  zh: 我不会那样做。
- start: 3806.826
  end: 3808.387
  speaker: boy1
  en: I'd be like, yes, I'm in.
  zh: 我会说，是的，我做了。
- start: 3809.468
  end: 3811.629
  speaker: boy1
  en: But the righteous are radically honest.
  zh: 但义人是彻底诚实的。
- start: 3811.91
  end: 3813.331
  speaker: boy1
  en: I've got a long way to go.
  zh: 我还有很长的路要走。
- start: 3814.592
  end: 3819.255
  speaker: boy1
  en: And then, of course, Jesus says, whenever you did it to the least of these, my brethren, you did it unto me.
  zh: 然后，当然，耶稣说：「这些事你们既做在我这弟兄中一个最小的身上，就是做在我身上了。」
- start: 3820.436
  end: 3824.979
  speaker: boy1
  en: Now, notice, this is Jesus telling us what's on the final exam.
  zh: 现在，注意，这是耶稣告诉我们最后考试的内容。
- start: 3825.66
  end: 3830.543
  speaker: boy1
  en: And it's about the difference between the sheep and the goats is by what they did and did not do.
  zh: 绵羊和山羊的区别在于他们做了什么和没做什么。
- start: 3831.685
  end: 3834.206
  speaker: boy1
  en: It's not by what they believed and didn't believe.
  zh: 不是根据他们相信什么和不相信什么。
- start: 3835.167
  end: 3836.708
  speaker: boy1
  en: I wish it was that easy.
  zh: 我希望它那么简单。
- start: 3836.721
  end: 3840.563
  speaker: boy1
  en: if it was just about what you understand and what you believe, great!
  zh: 如果只是关于你理解什么和相信什么，那太好了！
- start: 3840.563
  end: 3844.784
  speaker: boy1
  en: Salvation is by getting a doctorate or a master's in theology and just believing.
  zh: 如果救恩只是通过获得神学博士或硕士学位并只是相信，那就太简单了。
- start: 3844.784
  end: 3847.065
  speaker: boy1
  en: But that's not enough.
  zh: 但那是不够的。
- start: 3847.305
  end: 3848.306
  speaker: boy1
  en: That's not sufficient.
  zh: 那是不充分的。
- start: 3848.306
  end: 3852.448
  speaker: boy1
  en: So here we see that love embraced.
  zh: 所以在这里我们看到爱被接纳了。
- start: 3852.448
  end: 3854.128
  speaker: boy1
  en: And here's where I want to get to the point.
  zh: 这就是我想说的重点。
- start: 3854.128
  end: 3854.989
  speaker: boy1
  en: What is works?
  zh: 什么是行为？
- start: 3854.989
  end: 3856.629
  speaker: boy1
  en: It's not works righteousness.
  zh: 这不是行为称义。
- start: 3856.709
  end: 3858.51
  speaker: boy1
  en: What does Jesus mean by good works?
  zh: 耶稣所说的善行是什么意思？
- start: 3858.69
  end: 3860.051
  speaker: boy1
  en: He means love.
  zh: 他指的是爱。
- start: 3860.771
  end: 3861.691
  speaker: boy1
  en: He means love.
  zh: 他指的是爱。
- start: 3861.691
  end: 3867.152
  speaker: boy1
  en: And at the beginning of the Sermon on the Mount,  He said, let your light so shine before men that they may see your good works.
  zh: 在登山宝训的开始，他说，你们的光也当这样照在人前，叫他们看见你们的好行为。
- start: 3867.332
  end: 3877.818
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that metaphor of light comes back at the end of the Gospel, right before this passage in Matthew 25, where he says there's five foolish versions and five wise.
  zh: 这个光的比喻在福音书的结尾又出现了，就在《马太福音》第25章这段经文之前，他说有五个愚拙的和五个聪明的。
- start: 3878.658
  end: 3881.86
  speaker: boy1
  en: And the five wise have their lamps, what?
  zh: 那五个聪明的，她们的灯怎么样？
- start: 3882.04
  end: 3882.78
  speaker: boy1
  en: Lit.
  zh: 点着的。
- start: 3883.421
  end: 3886.182
  speaker: boy1
  en: And what does it mean for the lamps to be lit?
  zh: 灯点着是什么意思？
- start: 3886.523
  end: 3892.846
  speaker: boy1
  en: That means that the oil is good works and there's a fire, but it's a metaphor for love.
  zh: 这意味着油是善行，有火，但这是爱的比喻。
- start: 3893.206
  end: 3897.709
  speaker: boy1
  en: Let them see your good works that they may shine before all and give glory.
  zh: 让他们看见你们的好行为，好叫他们在众人面前发光，归荣耀给神。
- start: 3897.709
  end: 3904.774
  speaker: boy1
  en: So what happens is the brides who have love, their lamps lit, get the bridegroom, Christ.
  zh: 所以发生的是，那些有爱、灯点着的新娘，得到了新郎，基督。
- start: 3905.235
  end: 3910.498
  speaker: boy1
  en: The five foolish virgins are closed out because their lamps have burned out.
  zh: 那五个愚拙的童女被关在外面，因为她们的灯熄灭了。
- start: 3910.498
  end: 3912.399
  speaker: boy1
  en: In other words, they don't have love.
  zh: 换句话说，她们没有爱。
- start: 3913.14
  end: 3916.382
  speaker: boy1
  en: And you only get the bridegroom if you have love.
  zh: 只有当你有爱时，你才能得到新郎。
- start: 3918.404
  end: 3919.845
  speaker: boy1
  en: If your lamp is lit.
  zh: 如果你的灯是点着的。
- start: 3920.427
  end: 3928.052
  speaker: boy1
  en: To receive the bridegroom and to be welcomed into the eternal wedding feast, you have to have love.
  zh: 要接受新郎并被欢迎进入永恒的婚宴，你必须有爱。
- start: 3929.113
  end: 3934.056
  speaker: boy1
  en: And works is a term, but works is not this extrinsic thing.
  zh: 行为是一个术语，但行为不是这种外在的东西。
- start: 3934.236
  end: 3937.819
  speaker: boy1
  en: Works names charity and love.
  zh: 行为指的是慈善和爱。
- start: 3938.279
  end: 3940.421
  speaker: boy1
  en: The good deeds were called to do out of love.
  zh: 善行是出于爱而被呼召去做的。
- start: 3940.421
  end: 3942.462
  speaker: boy1
  en: Love of neighbor, love of God.
  zh: 爱邻舍，爱神。
- start: 3942.742
  end: 3945.004
  speaker: boy1
  en: And that's vitally important.
  zh: 这是至关重要的。
- start: 3945.004
  end: 3950.187
  speaker: boy1
  en: And if we want to be invited into the wedding, the heavenly wedding banquet, we have to love.
  zh: 如果我们想被邀请参加婚宴，天上的婚宴，我们必须要有爱。
- start: 3951.024
  end: 3953.084
  speaker: boy1
  en: And so that's vital.
  zh: 所以这是至关重要的。
- start: 3954.105
  end: 3966.868
  speaker: boy1
  en: So I'll conclude there with a glory be, and then I think we'll have a little bit of time for question and answer.
  zh: 所以我会以念一段荣耀颂作为结束，然后，我们应该还有一些时间进行问答。
- start: 3966.868
  end: 3968.468
  speaker: boy1
  en: All right, let's just pray.
  zh: 好的，让我们祷告。
- start: 3968.468
  end: 3971.029
  speaker: boy1
  en: In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
  zh: 奉圣父、圣子、圣灵的名。
- start: 3971.029
  end: 3971.789
  speaker: boy1
  en: Amen.
  zh: 阿们。
- start: 3972.249
  end: 3981.134
  speaker: boy1
  en: Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be,  World without end.
  zh: 愿荣耀归于圣父、圣子、圣灵，起初如何，现在如何，将来也如何，永世无尽。
- start: 3981.134
  end: 3981.355
  speaker: boy1
  en: Amen.
  zh: 阿们。
- start: 3981.355
  end: 3984.188
  speaker: boy1
  en: In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
  zh: 奉圣父、圣子、圣灵的名。
- start: 3984.188
  end: 3984.449
  speaker: boy1
  en: Amen.
  zh: 阿们。
