大家好，欢迎回到原始教会。 Hi folks and welcome back to the original church.
在上一集中，我简单谈了一下三位一体的教义， 现在我想继续制作一些关于相关教义的视频。 In a previous episode I talked a little bit about the doctrine of the Trinity and I want to follow up on that with some videos on related doctrines.
这个视频讲的是一个叫做同质性的教义。 So this video is on a doctrine called consubstantiality.
这听起来很复杂，但其实并不是，几分钟后你就会明白了。 It sounds complicated but it's really not and in a few minutes you'll understand it.
这很重要，因为在尼西亚信经最新的英文译本中，特别 是我们公教会使用的版本，出现了这个「同质」的词。 Now this is important because in the latest translation of the Nicene Creed into English, specifically the one we use in the Catholic Church, we have this word consubstantial.
耶稣基督，圣子，与圣父同质。 Jesus Christ, the Son, is consubstantial with the Father.
这是什么意思呢？ Now what does that mean?
你可能记得旧的翻译，或者你所在的传统使用不同的翻译，信经过去 说圣父和圣子本质相同，但事实是，没人真正明白那是什么意思。 You may remember the older translation, or maybe you're in a tradition that uses a different translation, The Creed used to say that the Father and Son are one in being, but the truth is, nobody knew what that meant either.
尽管如此，变更后还是有很多抱怨，好像「同质」这个词很难理解，而「本质相 同」却不难。无论如何，几年前我在我的视频评论系列中制作了一个关于这个话 题的视频，今天的这个视频取代了那个视频，因为那个视频现在有点过时了。 Still, there was a lot of complaining after the change, as if the word consubstantial is hard to understand, but one in being isn't. Anyway, several years ago, I made a video about that in my video rant series, And this video today replaces that one because that video is now a little outdated.
但我当时的观点和现在的观点是，这个「同质」的词是一份礼物。 But my point was then and my point is now that this word, consubstantial, is a gift.
这是给教会的礼物，因为它迫使我们思考它的含义 ，也迫使我们的神职人员向人们教导它的含义。 It's a gift to the church because it forces us to think about what it means and it forces our clergy to teach the people what it means.
现在，坦白说，我不是神职人员。 Now, full disclosure, I am not clergy.
我没有受过圣职。 I am not ordained.
我是一个平信徒。 I'm a layperson.
你可以说我是一个平信徒教理讲授员。 You might say I'm a lay catechist.
但因为我在这个领域有博士学位，所以我能够教授这个。 But because I have a PhD in exactly this, I'm able to teach it.
那么，我们开始吧。 And so, here we go.
圣父、圣子和圣灵都是同质的。 The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are all consubstantial.
这是什么意思？ What does that mean?
这意味着两件事。 Well, it means two things.
首先，「同质」这个词本身的意思是同一本质。但这又是什么意思呢？ First, the word itself, consubstantial, means But what does that mean?
神的本质就是神性本身。 Well, the substance, the substance of God is divinity itself.
这神性的本质，就是我们说神是全能的，或无所不能 的，常被翻译为全能的，或无所不在的时候所指的。 And that substance of divinity, well, that's what we're talking about when we say that God is omnipotent, or all-powerful, often translated as almighty, or omnipresent.
同时无处不在，不被创造物或任何时间地点所限制，全知或无所不知，全善或完全良善。 everywhere at once and not contained within creation or in any one time or place, omniscient or all-knowing, and omnibenevolent or all-good.
换句话说，神就是爱。 In other words, God is love.
所有这些以及更多，这些神性的属性，就是神的本质，也就是神性本身。 All of that and more, these attributes of divinity, this is the very substance of God, which is divinity itself.
所以，同质就是同一本质，也就是同一神性。 So, consubstantial is same substance Which means same divinity.
圣父、圣子和圣灵都是同一神性。 The Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit are all the same divinity.
这就是为什么我们可以敬拜耶稣，却仍然声称我 们是一神论者，仍然声称我们只敬拜一位神。 This is why we can worship Jesus and still claim to be monotheists, still claim that we only worship one God.
我们敬拜三位一体的三个位格，但我们仍然只敬拜 一位神，因为三位一体的三个位格是同一神性。 We worship all three persons of the Trinity, but still we only worship one God because all three persons of the Trinity are one divinity.
他们是同质的。 they are consubstantial.
二世纪用希腊文写作的里昂的爱任纽说，三位一体的位格是同一本质。 Irenaeus of Lyon, writing in Greek in the second century, said that the persons of the Trinity are the same essence.
「本质」有时被翻译成英语的「存在」。 And essence sometimes gets translated into English as being.
这就是你得到旧翻译「本质相同」的原因。 And so that's how you get the older translation, one in being.
同一本质，一个本质，本质相同。 Same essence, one essence, one in being.
但用拉丁文写作的特土良使用「本质」这个词来表达同样的意思。 But Tertullian, writing in Latin, used the word substance to mean the same thing.
不是有形的物质，而是事物的本质，在这种情况下就是神性本身。 Not a tangible substance, but again the very essence of the thing, which in this case is divinity itself.
所以同一本质就是同一实质，就是同质，意味着同一神性。 So same essence is same substance is consubstantial, which means same divinity.
但这还不是全部。 But that's not all.
同质的第二层含义是圣父、圣子和圣灵都是共永恒的，同样永恒的。 The second thing that consubstantial means is that the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit are all co-eternal, equally eternal.
在尼西亚信经写作的时候，这是一个问题。 Now this was kind of an issue at the time that the Nicene Creed was being written.
有些人说圣父先存在，圣子后来才有。 There were some people saying that the Father came first and the Son came later.
这些就是你可能听说过的被称为亚略主义的异端。 These are those heretics you might have heard of called the Arians.
他们说圣父创造了圣子，圣子是被造的。 They said that the Father created the Son, and the Son was a created being.
这会造成各种问题。 Now this creates all kinds of problems.
这使圣子成为比圣父低等的神性，而我们不相信神性有等级之分。 It makes the Son a lesser divinity than the Father, and we don't believe in degrees of divinity.
它还使三位一体的第一位格发生变化。 And it makes the first person of the Trinity change.
神应该是不变的，但如果圣子后来才有，那么圣父就从不是父变成了父，这是个问题。 God is supposed to be unchanging, but if the Son came later, then the Father went from not being a Father to being a Father, and that's a problem.
因此，主教们在325年的尼西亚会议上纠正了这一 切。他们强调圣父和圣子在过去和未来都是永恒的。 And so the bishops corrected all of this at the Council of Nicaea in 325. And there they emphasized that the Father and the Son are both eternal in the past and in the future.
圣子和圣父一样永恒，没有圣子不存在的时候。 The Son is just as eternal as the Father, and there was no time when the Son didn't exist.
约翰福音的开头，约翰福音1:1说，「太初有道」，你知道道就是圣子，耶稣基督。 The very beginning of John's Gospel, John 1.1, says this, In the beginning was the Word, and you know the Word is the Son, Jesus Christ.
「道与神同在」，意味着圣子与圣父同样永恒。 And the Word was with God, meaning that the Son is equally eternal with the Father.
他一直存在。 He has always existed.
「道就是神」，意味着圣子与圣父是同一神性。 And the Word was God, meaning that the Son is the same divinity as the Father.
在这一节经文中，你就能看到「同质」这个词的两层含义。 And right there in one verse you have both meanings of the word consubstantial.
「同质」这个词意味着同一神性。 The word consubstantial means same divinity.
道就是神。 The word was God.
但这必然也包括圣父和圣子是共永恒的事实。 But that necessarily also includes the fact that the Father and Son are co-eternal.
道与神同在。 The word was with God.
那么，同质是什么意思呢？ And so, what does consubstantial mean?
它意味着两件事。 It means two things.
同一神性，同一永恒。 Same divinity, same eternity.
没有比这更复杂的了。 It's not any more complicated than that.
但要清楚，这并不意味着圣父和圣子是完全相同的。 But, just to be clear, this does not mean that the Father and Son are one and the same.
那将是一个错误。 That would be a mistake.
事实上，那是一种完全不同的异端，叫做形态论。 In fact, that's a whole different heresy called modalism.
实际上，我认为这就是对「本质相同」这个短语的 混淆，也可能是新译本中改变这个短语的原因。 In fact, I think this was the confusion over the phrase one and being and possibly why that phrase was changed in the New Translation.
人们很容易误解「本质相同」，好像它意味着完全相同。 It was too easy for people to misunderstand one and being as if it meant one and the same.
它并不是这个意思。 It does not mean that.
圣父和圣子是一体的，但他们不是完全相同的。 The Father and Son are one, but they are not one and the same.
他们不是相同的。 They're not the same.
三个位格是同一神性，但他们仍然是不同的神圣位格。 The three persons are the same divinity, but they remain distinct divine persons.
所以，圣父和圣子是一体的，但圣父不是圣子，圣子也不是圣父。 So, the Father and Son are one, but the Father is not the Son, and the Son is not the Father.
圣父和圣子是同一位神，同一神性，同一本质，同一实质，但 他们不是完全相同的，因为圣父不是圣子，圣子也不是圣父。 The Father and Son are one God, one divinity, one substance, one essence, But they are not one in the same, because the Father is not the Son, and the Son is not the Father.
位格是不同的，但不是分离的。 The persons are distinct, but not separate.
一体，但不相同。 One, but not the same.
考虑到这一点，同质是什么意思？ So with that in mind, what does consubstantial mean?
它意味着两件事。 It means two things.
同一神性，同一永恒。 Same divinity, same eternity.
这就是为什么三位一体的三个位格仍然只是一位神。 And that's why the three persons of the Trinity are still only one God.
同一神性，同质是什么意思？ Same divinity, What does consubstantial mean?
跟我重复。 Repeat after me.
现在，当你诵读信经时，你知道它的含义了。 And now, when you say the Creed, you know what it means.
嘿，感谢你看完这个视频。 Hey, thanks for watching this video all the way to the end.
我真的很感激。 I really appreciate that.
请与你的朋友分享这个视频，并请在Locals.com上加入我的原始教会社区。 Please share this video with your friends, and please join me in the original church community on Locals.com.
别忘了，如果你加入Locals.com上的原始教会社区， Don't forget that if you join the original church community on Locals.com,
你可以每周参加我的实时、深入、按时间顺序进行的圣经研究。 you can join me each week for a live, in-depth, chronological Bible study.
每周六都会直播，但如果你没空，也可以之后观看，所以加入我吧，我们那里见。 It's livestreamed every Saturday, but you can watch it later if you're not available, so join me for that, and I'll see you there.
我希望在那里见到你。 I hope to see you there.
我们那里见。 And I'll see you there.