我从一个学生那里得到了这个问题，我觉得这是个 很好的问题，所以我决定制作一个视频来回答。 So I got this question from a student and I thought it was such a good question that I would make a video on it.
这个问题是，耶稣有人的灵魂吗？ And the question is, did Jesus have a human soul?
简短的答案是肯定的，但这个问题需要稍微修改一下，因为不仅 仅是耶稣过去有没有人的灵魂，而是耶稣现在是否有人的灵魂？ Now, the short answer is yes, but the question needs to be refined a little bit because it's not just did Jesus have a human soul, but does Jesus have a human soul?
因为耶稣基督是一个位格具有两种本性，一个是神性。记住，首先有道。 Because Jesus Christ is one person in two natures, a divine nature Remember, first there is the Logos.
我们在约翰福音中读到，太初有道。 We read in the Gospel of John, in the beginning was the Word.
这个英文单词「道」，在希腊文中是「Logos」。 And that English word, Word, is the Greek word Logos.
道就是耶稣基督的神性，它永恒存在。 And the Logos is the divine nature of Jesus Christ, which has existed eternally.
它从未开始存在。 It never came to be.
它从未被创造。 It was never created.
这是因为它就是神。 And that's because it is God.
它是神圣的。 It is divine.
这就是耶稣基督的神性。所以当约翰告诉我们道成了肉身，并不意味着道变成了肉身。 And it is that divine nature of Jesus Christ that And so when John says to us, the Word became flesh, that does not mean that the Logos turned into flesh.
这意味着道进入了人的生命，来过我们所有人都经历的人生。 It means that the Logos came to be in a human life, came to live the same human life that we all live.
所以当我们说他成为人时，我们的意思是他承担了一切。在成为人的过程中， 他来过一种生活，在这种生活中，他曾经是，现在仍然是所有人共有的一切。 And so when we say that he became human, we mean that he took on everything In becoming human, he came to live in a life in which he was, and still is, everything that all humans have in common.
无论那是什么，所有人共有的一切，那就是我们的人性。 And whatever that is, that everything that all humans have in common, that is our human nature.
他承担了完整的人性。 And he took on a full and complete human nature.
这并不意味着他犯了罪。 This does not mean that he sinned.
因为罪实际上不是人性的一部分。 Because sin is not actually a part of human nature.
当我们作为人犯罪时，我们是在辜负我们的人性。 When we sin as humans, we are falling short of our humanity.
当我们犯罪时，我们实际上变得不那么像人了。 We are actually being less human when we sin.
对于耶稣，他承担了完整的人性，但他从未犯罪，因为他是完美的人性。 With Jesus, he took on a full and complete human nature, but he never sinned because he was perfect humanity.
他是人性的终极潜能。 He was the ultimate potential for humanity.
他是人性被创造的目的和应该成为的样子。 He was what humanity was created to be and what should be.
所以他从未犯罪，因为罪实际上不是人性的一部分。 And so he never sinned because sin is really not a part of humanity.
罪是另一种实际上腐蚀人性的东西。 Sin is something else that actually corrupts humanity.
那么，作为一个人意味着什么？ So what does it mean to be a human?
这是一个有趣的问题，因为教父们在这个问题上实际上并没有达成一致。 And this is an interesting question because the church fathers were actually not all of one consensus on this question.
一些教父教导说人有两个部分，一个身体和一个像灵魂或灵的东西。 Some of the church fathers taught that the human person has two parts, a body and then this thing that's like a soul or a spirit.
其他教父则教导说人有三个部分，一个身体，一个灵魂和一个灵。 Other church fathers taught that the human person has three parts, a body and then a soul and a spirit.
因此，灵魂和灵被视为两个不同的东西。 And so the soul and the spirit were seen as two different things.
归根结底，他们实际上都在表达同样的意思，无论你是否认为灵魂和灵是两个不同的东西。 And at the end of the day, they're really still kind of all saying the same thing, because whether you think of the soul and the spirit as two different things, Music will be omitted.
音乐将被省略。 Music will be omitted.
现在，我的学生们知道，因为他们读过我的书，有一个叫阿波利拿里 的人提出，也许耶稣基督是这样一个人，神的道，神性，取代了耶稣 的人类思维，所以最终耶稣就是一个穿着肉身外衣的神性思维。 Now, my students know, because they've read my book, that there was this guy called Apollinarius, who proposed that perhaps Jesus Christ was a guy where the divine logos, the word of God, the divine nature, had replaced the human mind in Jesus so that ultimately what Jesus was was a divine mind wearing a suit of flesh.
这就是阿波利拿里的主张。 That's what Apollinarius proposed.
那么，为什么有人会这么说呢？ Now, why would somebody say that?
嗯，阿波利拿里被亚略主义争议和耶稣可能犯罪的想法所困扰，以至于他 实际上想要以一种方式来构想基督，即使基督想要犯罪也不能，对吧？ Well, Apollinarius had been so disturbed by the Arian controversy and by the idea that Jesus might have sinned that he actually wanted to conceive of Christ in a way that that Christ could not sin even if he had wanted to, right?
因此，为了试图消除耶稣受诱惑的可能性，他剥夺了耶稣 的人类思维，因为他说只有神性思维才能完美地避免罪。 And so in order to try and take away even the possibility of temptation from Jesus, he took away the human mind from Jesus because he said only a divine mind could perfectly avoid sin.
所以在剥夺耶稣的人类思维的同时，他也剥夺了人的意志。 And so in taking away the human mind from Jesus, he took away the human will.
因此，他提出了一个只有一个意志的耶稣，一个神性的意志，但没有人的意志。 And so he proposed a Jesus that only had one will in him, a divine will, but no human will.
现在，教会其他人很快认识到，这样做的问题在于，如果耶稣基督 没有真正的人类思维和人的意志，那么他就不是真正完全的人。 Now, the rest of the church recognized very quickly that the problem with this is that if Jesus Christ did not have a true human mind and a human will, then he was not really fully human after all.
他不可能像我们一样，不可能成为我们中的一员，因此他就不能在十字架上代表我们。 He couldn't be like us, he couldn't be one of us, and therefore he could not represent us on the cross.
所以尽管在当时有一些教父可能想说耶稣即使想犯罪也不能， 但如今我们普遍承认，如果耶稣选择的话，他本可以犯罪。 And so even though back in the day there were some church fathers who might have wanted to say that Jesus couldn't have sinned even if he'd wanted to, nowadays we generally admit that Jesus could have sinned had he chosen to.
因为如果不是这样，那么诱惑就不会是真实的。 Because if not, then the temptation wouldn't be real.
不，耶稣受诱惑就像我们一样，他本可以犯罪，但他 没有。所以诱惑是真实的，但他仍然无罪地生活。 No, Jesus was tempted as we are in the sense that he could have sinned, but he didn't. And so the temptation was real But he still lived without sin.
他真的完全是我们中的一员，具有完整的人性、人的思维和人的 意志，然而他的人的意志总是顺服于神的旨意，他从未犯罪。 He was really fully one of us with a full human nature, a human mind, and a human will, and yet his human will always submitted itself to the divine will, and he never sinned.
所以记住，形态论，那个异端的形态论说圣父成为肉身，对吧？ So remember, modalism, that heresy modalism said the Father became incarnate, right?
但如果圣父成为肉身，那么道成肉身的就不会真正是人，不是完整的人性。 But if the Father became incarnate, then The Incarnate One would not really be human, not a full humanity.
另一个极端的收养说或亚略主义说耶稣是圣灵或某 个天使住在人里面，但这样他就不是真正的神性。 Adoptionism or Arianism on the other extreme said that Jesus was the Holy Spirit or some angel indwelling a human, but then he's not really divine.
然后阿波利拿里试图将钟摆摆回另一边，提出耶稣是人 体中的神性思维，但这样一来，他又不是真正的人了。 Apollinarius then tried to swing the pendulum back the other way and proposed that Jesus was a divine mind in a human body, but then again, he's not really human.
他只是一个神性思维穿着肉身的外衣。 He's just a divine A divine mind wearing a suit of flesh.
所以这些都不可能是正确的，对吧？ And so none of those can be right, right?
耶稣基督的神性既不是圣父也不是圣灵，而是道，神的儿子，三位一体中的第二位格。 The divine nature of Jesus Christ is neither the Father nor the Holy Spirit, but the Word, the Logos, the Son of God, the second person of the Holy Trinity.
因为成为肉身的是三位一体中的第二位格，不是圣父也不是圣灵。 Because it is the second person of the Trinity that became incarnate, not the Father and not the Spirit.
圣父是神，圣子是神，圣灵是神，但圣父不是圣子，圣子不是圣灵，等 等。因此，神的儿子耶稣基督是一个位格中的两个本性，人性和神性。 The Father is God, the Son is God, the Spirit is God, but the Father is not the Son, the Son is not the Spirit, etc. And so the Son of God, Jesus Christ, is two natures, human and divine, in one person.
因为他有两个本性，所以他有两个意志，一个人的意志 和一个神的意志，但它们在一个不可分割的联合中。 And because he is two natures, he has two wills, a human will and a divine will, but in an unbreakable union.
这正是451年迦克墩会议要澄清的内容。 And this is precisely what the Council of Chalcedon in the year 451 meant to clarify.
正如三位一体的三个位格是合一的但不相同，有区别但不分离，三位 一体第二位格中的两个本性是一个主体，但它们不混淆也不混合。 Just as the three persons of the Trinity are one but not the same, distinct but not separate, so the two natures in the second person of the Trinity are one subject, but they are not confused or mixed up.
这两个本性是有区别的，以便每个本性保持其完整 性，并且神性不被视为经历了任何形式的改变。 The two natures are distinct so that each nature retains its integrity and so that the divine nature is not seen to have gone through any kind of a change.
但这两个本性并不是以某种方式分离，以至于造成一个有多重人格的耶稣，对吧？ But the two natures are not separate in some way that would create a Jesus with multiple personalities, right?
他是一个单一的主体。 He is one single subject.
总结一下，可以这样理解。 So to wrap up, think of it like this.
三位一体是神。 The Trinity is God.
所以三位一体的三个位格，圣父、圣子和圣灵，从永恒中就一直存在。 So all three persons of the Trinity have always existed from all eternity, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
但在道成肉身之前，三位一体的第二位格，圣子，实际上只以他的神性存在。 But before the incarnation, the second person of the Trinity, the Son, existed really only in his divine nature.
在道成肉身时，在他受孕的那一刻，耶稣的神性获得了人性。 At the incarnation, at the moment of his conception, the divine nature of Jesus acquired a human nature.
道成了肉身意味着道耶稣基督来过人的生活，承担了 人性的所有局限和作为人的一切含义，但没有罪。 The word became flesh means the Logos Jesus Christ came to live in a human life, taking on all the limitations of humanity and everything that it means to be human, but without sin.
从他在母亲马利亚腹中受孕的那一刻起，耶稣基督就是一个 位格具有两个本性，并且永远保持一个位格具有两个本性。 And from that moment of his conception in the womb of his mother Mary, Jesus Christ is one person in two natures and remains one person in two natures for all eternity.
那么耶稣基督有人的灵魂吗？ And so does Jesus Christ have a human soul?
是的，他有。 Yes, he does.
一个有人的思维和人的意志的人的灵魂，因为他是完全的人，他必须 是完全的人才能成为我们中的一员，代表我们，并为我们提供救恩。 A human soul with a human mind and a human will because he is fully human and he must be fully human to be one of us and to represent us and to offer us salvation.
嘿，感谢观看。 Hey, thanks for watching.
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