- start: 20.139
  end: 20.459
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Hello.
  zh: 你好。
- start: 20.459
  end: 21.819
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: My name is Larry Feingold.
  zh: 我叫拉里·范高德。
- start: 21.819
  end: 26.059
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I teach, um, theology at Kenrick-Linden Seminary in St. Louis.
  zh: 我在圣路易斯的肯里克-林登神学院教授神学。
- start: 26.059
  end: 29.199
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I'm a convert to the faith, together with my wife.
  zh: 我和我的妻子都是皈依基督信仰的。
- start: 29.199
  end: 30.779
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I used to be a Jewish atheist.
  zh: 我以前是犹太裔无神论者。
- start: 30.779
  end: 31.179
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I was...
  zh: 我曾经……
- start: 31.179
  end: 32.02
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's how I was raised.
  zh: 我就是在这样的环境下长大的。
- start: 32.02
  end: 33.399
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And, and we were...
  zh: 然后，我们……
- start: 33.399
  end: 38.879
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: My wife and I were baptized with our baby, who was three months, um, in the Anglican Church.
  zh: 我和妻子带着我们三个月大的孩子一起在圣公会受洗。
- start: 38.879
  end: 44.12
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And about six months later, we, um, entered the Catholic Church in 1989.
  zh: 大约六个月后，我们在1989年加入了公教会。
- start: 44.12
  end: 54.179
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And I have the privilege of teaching this course on the Eucharist, and the title is the Eucharist Mystery of Presence, Sacrifice, and Communion.
  zh: 我很荣幸能够教授这门关于圣餐的课程，课程的名称是「圣餐：临在、祭献与共融的奥秘」。
- start: 54.179
  end: 62.259
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And, and the first episode is the obvious question, or ought to be the obvious question, why?
  zh: 第一讲要问一个很明显的问题，或者说应该是最明显的问题：为什么？
- start: 62.259
  end: 65.299
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Why did Jesus institute the Eucharist?
  zh: 为什么耶稣设立了圣餐？
- start: 65.299
  end: 72.599
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And we're going to answer, um, with three fundamental reasons, presence, sacrifice, and communion.
  zh: 我们将用三个根本性的理由来回答：临在、祭献和共融。
- start: 72.599
  end: 76.979
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So starting with a prayer, you know, the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit, amen.
  zh: 那我们先以祈祷开始，奉父、子、圣灵，阿门。
- start: 76.979
  end: 87.419
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Lord, we ask you to send your spirit to our hearts to help us to penetrate into the great mystery of the Eucharist, through Christ our Lord.
  zh: 主啊，我们求你将你的圣灵赐给我们的心，帮助我们深入认识圣餐的伟大奥秘。因我们的主基督。
- start: 87.419
  end: 88.699
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Amen.
  zh: 阿门。
- start: 88.699
  end: 92.019
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Saints Peter and Paul, pray for us.
  zh: 圣彼得、圣保罗，请为我们祈祷。
- start: 92.019
  end: 102.039
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So, the goal of this series is to learn about the Eucharist, but more importantly, to have awe before its mystery.
  zh: 所以，这个系列的目标是让我们认识圣餐，但更重要的是让我们对它的奥秘心存敬畏。
- start: 102.039
  end: 109.059
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And, uh, that's especially true in, well, for all of these episodes.
  zh: 这一点在所有讲座里都特别重要。
- start: 109.059
  end: 120.399
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, so to get a sense of the centrality of the Eucharist, John Paul II, um, put it very well in his encyclical on the Eucharist, Ecclesia de Eucharistia.
  zh: 为了体会圣餐的核心地位，若望·保禄二世在他的通谕《圣餐与教会》中有非常精辟的论述。
- start: 120.399
  end: 135.779
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He said, "The Eucharist is Christ's saving presence in the community of the faithful, and its spiritual food is the most precious possession which the church can have in her journey through history." Right?
  zh: 他说：「圣餐是基督在信徒团体中的救赎性临在，而它作为属灵的食粮，是教会在历史旅程中所能拥有的最宝贵财富。」对吧？
- start: 135.779
  end: 136.799
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's a strong statement.
  zh: 这是非常有力的一句话。
- start: 136.799
  end: 140.279
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, when we, we can't put limits...
  zh: 我们不能对……
- start: 140.279
  end: 141.379
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: God is omnipotent, right?
  zh: 神是全能的，对吧？
- start: 141.379
  end: 142.659
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We can't put limits on God.
  zh: 我们不能限制神。
- start: 142.659
  end: 149.519
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But, um, to say that he can't do anything better than the Eucharist, um, as a gift to the church, is true.
  zh: 但是，说他无法赐给教会比圣餐更美好的恩赐，这句话是对的。
- start: 149.519
  end: 163.339
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He could make more beautiful, um, bodies than we have, a more beautiful world, but he couldn't give a better gift than the Eucharist to his church, um, because it's the gift of himself to his bride.
  zh: 他可以创造比我们更美丽的身体，也可以创造更美好的世界，但他无法赐给教会比圣餐更好的礼物，因为这是他把自己赐给他新娘的礼物。
- start: 163.339
  end: 169.219
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so to understand the Eucharist, we have to understand the logic of spousal love.
  zh: 所以，要明白圣餐，我们必须理解婚姻之爱的逻辑。
- start: 169.219
  end: 171.319
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Christ is the bridegroom.
  zh: 基督是新郎。
- start: 171.319
  end: 182.939
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: There's a famous saying of the Second Vatican Council, Lumen Gentium 11, which speaks of the Eucharist as the source and summit of the whole Christian life.
  zh: 第二次梵蒂冈大公会议《教会宪章》第11条有一句著名的话，说圣餐是整个基督徒生活的泉源与高峰。
- start: 182.939
  end: 190.659
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And what I'm going to suggest in this episode is that that's true not just in one way, but in three ways.
  zh: 我想在这一讲里提出，这句话不仅在一个方面成立，而是在三个方面都成立。
- start: 190.659
  end: 200.319
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And all three of them, um, we have to understand according to the logic of love, the love of the bridegroom, Jesus, for his spouse, the church.
  zh: 这三方面，我们都要按照新郎耶稣对他新娘——教会——的爱的逻辑来理解。
- start: 200.319
  end: 214.399
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: In the Old Testament, um, God was presented as the bridegroom of Israel, but, um, it was also prophesied that he would, in the future, betroth Israel to him.
  zh: 在旧约里，神被描绘为以色列的新郎，同时也预言他将来要与以色列订婚。
- start: 214.399
  end: 217.979
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This is from Hosea chapter two, verses 19 and 20.
  zh: 这是出自何西阿书第二章第19至20节。
- start: 217.979
  end: 223.919
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: '"I will betroth you to me in righteousness and in justice, in steadfast love and in mercy.'
  zh: 「我必聘你永远归我为妻，以仁义、公平、慈爱、怜悯聘你归我；」
- start: 223.919
  end: 240.799
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I will betroth you to me in faithfulness, and you shall know the Lord." 750 years later, uh, that was fulfilled, and John the Baptist had the privilege of proclaiming to Israel that the promised bridegroom had come, right?
  zh: 「也以诚实聘你归我，你就必认识耶和华。」七百五十年后，这预言得以实现，施洗约翰有幸向以色列宣告那位应许的新郎已经来临，对吧？
- start: 240.799
  end: 245.879
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so people and his disciples were distressed that people were leaving him and going to Jesus.
  zh: 当时，有人和他的门徒为人们离开他而去跟随耶稣感到忧虑。
- start: 245.879
  end: 247.219
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And he was not distressed.
  zh: 但他自己并不忧虑。
- start: 247.219
  end: 250.619
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He said, "He who has the bride is the bridegroom.
  zh: 他说：「娶新妇的就是新郎。
- start: 250.619
  end: 258.639
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The friend of the bridegroom, John, who stands and hears him, rejoices greatly at the bridegroom's voice.
  zh: 新郎的朋友站着听见新郎的声音就甚喜乐。
- start: 258.639
  end: 261.679
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: For this reason, my joy has been fulfilled." Right?
  zh: 所以我这喜乐满足了。」对吧？
- start: 261.679
  end: 270.799
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So John the Baptist proclaimed Jesus as the bridegroom, and Jesus himself identified himself as the bridegroom in numerous places.
  zh: 所以施洗约翰宣告耶稣就是新郎，而耶稣自己在许多地方也表明自己是新郎。
- start: 270.799
  end: 272.719
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He said that...
  zh: 他说过……
- start: 272.719
  end: 283.659
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: When asked why his disciples didn't fast, he said, "How can they fast when the bridegroom is with them?" And he also gave parables of the wedding feast of the king's son, right?
  zh: 有人问他为什么他的门徒不禁食，他说：「新郎和他们同在的时候，陪伴新郎的人岂能禁食呢？」他还讲过王子婚宴的比喻，对吧？
- start: 283.659
  end: 287.319
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Implying that he indeed is the king's son, right?
  zh: 这就暗示他确实是王的儿子，对吧？
- start: 287.319
  end: 296.259
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The son of the Father, and, um, the church is his wedding feast, and the Eucharist is the wedding feast of the Lamb.
  zh: 他是父的儿子，教会就是他的婚宴，而圣餐就是羔羊的婚宴。
- start: 296.259
  end: 307.719
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So to enter into the, um, the why of the Eucharist, we have to look at, um, the nature of spousal love.
  zh: 所以，要探讨圣餐的意义，我们必须看婚姻之爱的本质。
- start: 307.719
  end: 311.599
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And if we think about it, spousal love has three dimensions.
  zh: 如果我们仔细思考，婚姻之爱有三个层面。
- start: 311.599
  end: 317.499
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: A first aspect of spousal love is dwelling with one's spouse, right?
  zh: 第一个层面是与配偶同住，对吧？
- start: 317.499
  end: 320.839
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Spouses live together and share life together.
  zh: 夫妻一起生活，共同分享人生。
- start: 320.839
  end: 324.119
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But it's not all roses in this world, right?
  zh: 但现实生活并不总是一帆风顺，对吧？
- start: 324.119
  end: 328.199
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so spousal love requires sacrificial love.
  zh: 所以婚姻之爱需要牺牲的爱。
- start: 328.199
  end: 336.619
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: One has to give oneself for the beloved, um, and anyone who's been married knows, um, how true that is.
  zh: 一个人必须为所爱的人付出自己，任何结过婚的人都深有体会。
- start: 336.619
  end: 342.339
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, and that makes possible a unitive love, giving oneself to the beloved.
  zh: 这样才有可能实现合一的爱，把自己完全交给所爱的人。
- start: 342.339
  end: 352.879
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So we can understand this with three prepositions, dwelling with the beloved, giving oneself for the beloved, and giving oneself to the beloved.
  zh: 所以我们可以用三个介词来理解：与所爱的人同在，为所爱的人付出，把自己交给所爱的人。
- start: 352.879
  end: 358.299
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And the Eucharist, um, does all three of these, right?
  zh: 而圣餐正好实现了这三点，对吧？
- start: 358.299
  end: 361.819
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It's Christ's presence with his beloved, the church.
  zh: 它是基督与他所爱的教会同在。
- start: 361.819
  end: 372.589
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It's his sacrificial act of giving himself for his bride-And it is the act of giving himself to his bride in holy communion.
  zh: 它是他为新娘所做的牺牲，也是他在圣餐共融中把自己交给新娘的行动。
- start: 372.589
  end: 373.409
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: All right.
  zh: 好的。
- start: 373.409
  end: 377.049
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So let's look at this a little more in detail.
  zh: 那我们再详细看看。
- start: 377.049
  end: 378.15
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 378.15
  end: 380.309
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So first, presence with the beloved.
  zh: 首先，是与所爱的人同在。
- start: 380.309
  end: 392.809
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, spousal friendship, um, requires, right, the sharing of life, and Christ wanted to remain close to his disciples, um, even though he knew he had to leave them, right?
  zh: 夫妻之间的友谊需要共同生活，基督虽然知道自己必须离开门徒，但他仍然希望与他们保持亲近，对吧？
- start: 392.809
  end: 395.149
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And that's the drama of the Last Supper.
  zh: 这就是最后晚餐的戏剧性所在。
- start: 395.149
  end: 402.509
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And this is why Jesus instituted the Eucharist at the Last Supper, the night before he was about to leave them.
  zh: 这也是为什么耶稣在最后晚餐、也就是他即将离开门徒的前一夜设立了圣餐。
- start: 402.509
  end: 406.329
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And he knew that he would have to leave them in death on the next day.
  zh: 他知道第二天自己要以死亡离开他们。
- start: 406.329
  end: 417.989
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He knew he would rise, but he also knew that he would ascend out of this world 40 days later and, um, leave us with his visible, sensible presence.
  zh: 他知道自己会复活，但也知道四十天后要升天，离开我们有形可见的临在。
- start: 417.989
  end: 418.69
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 418.69
  end: 431.249
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so knowing that that was the case, having his last supper with his disciples, he wanted to leave them something, um, better than we leave our loved ones when death comes to us.
  zh: 既然如此，在与门徒共进最后晚餐时，他想留给他们比我们在人生终结时留给亲人更美好的东西。
- start: 431.249
  end: 431.529
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 431.529
  end: 435.669
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The best we can do, um, is give a memory, right?
  zh: 我们最多只能留下回忆，对吧？
- start: 435.669
  end: 447.709
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So my dad passed away a couple years ago, and, um, he, he would, he would have wanted to give himself, but all he could give was some photographs and heirlooms.
  zh: 比如我父亲几年前去世了，他当然希望能把自己留给我们，但他只能留下照片和一些纪念品。
- start: 447.709
  end: 456.449
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, but Jesus is God and man, and so he could give an inheritance, an heirloom that would be nothing less than himself.
  zh: 但耶稣既是神又是人，所以他能留下的产业、纪念品，就是他自己。
- start: 456.449
  end: 456.929
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 456.929
  end: 459.709
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so this is the mystery of the real presence.
  zh: 这就是真实临在的奥秘。
- start: 459.709
  end: 470.329
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Jesus was leaving them and yet wanted to remain, and that we could say is the divine problem, how to both leave and remain at the same time.
  zh: 耶稣要离开他们，却又想留下，这可以说是神的难题——如何既离开又同时留下。
- start: 470.329
  end: 488.009
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so the answer is to lead with his visible presence, but to remain with a true but veiled presence, a presence in which we can't see him sensibly, but in which he's present with the whole of himself, leaving nothing out.
  zh: 答案就是，他以可见的方式离开，但以真实却隐藏的方式留下——我们肉眼看不见他，但他以全部的自己临在，没有丝毫保留。
- start: 488.009
  end: 488.809
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 488.809
  end: 492.629
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The second dimension of spousal love is sacrifice.
  zh: 婚姻之爱的第二个层面是牺牲。
- start: 492.629
  end: 493.589
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 493.589
  end: 504.869
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And we all know this by experience, that, um, in this world, love for another person, and especially the total love that's involved in, in matrimony, um, involves sacrifice.
  zh: 我们都知道，在这个世界上，爱一个人，尤其是婚姻里的完全之爱，都需要牺牲。
- start: 504.869
  end: 505.029
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 505.029
  end: 516.689
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: One has to sacrifice one's own personal comfort and preferences, sleep for one's family, for one's spouse and children, and Christ is the bridegroom of humanity.
  zh: 一个人要为家人、为配偶和孩子牺牲自己的舒适、喜好，甚至睡眠，而基督是全人类的新郎。
- start: 516.689
  end: 517.209
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 517.209
  end: 530.089
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He came to be the bridegroom of Israel and the church and wanted all mankind to be his bride, and therefore he has sacrificed himself for his entire bride.
  zh: 他来是要成为以色列和教会的新郎，并且希望全人类都成为他的新娘，因此他为整个新娘牺牲了自己。
- start: 530.089
  end: 534.149
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That is, for the redemption of sins of every human being.
  zh: 也就是说，为了救赎每一个人的罪。
- start: 534.149
  end: 535.169
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 535.169
  end: 541.689
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, Saint Paul lays out this logic in Ephesians chapter five, famous text read at weddings.
  zh: 圣保罗在以弗所书第五章阐明了这个道理，这段经文在婚礼上常常被诵读。
- start: 541.689
  end: 550.089
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: '"Husbands, love your wives as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her, that he might sanctify." Right?'
  zh: 「你们作丈夫的，要爱你们的妻子，正如基督爱教会，为教会舍己，要用水借着道把教会洗净，成为圣洁。」对吧？
- start: 550.089
  end: 552.729
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Christ loved his bride on Calvary, right?
  zh: 基督在各各他山上爱了他的新娘，对吧？
- start: 552.729
  end: 566.249
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so the night before, um, John introduces the Last Supper, um, saying that, um, he, having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the end.
  zh: 所以在前一夜，约翰介绍最后晚餐时说：「耶稣既然爱世间属自己的人，就爱他们到底。」
- start: 566.249
  end: 566.569
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 566.569
  end: 570.889
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And that's his death for his bride the next day.
  zh: 这就是他第二天为新娘而死。
- start: 570.889
  end: 574.749
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But Jesus wanted to...
  zh: 但耶稣还想……
- start: 574.749
  end: 576.629
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Again, he, this is a divine problem.
  zh: 这又是一个神的难题。
- start: 576.629
  end: 588.589
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, when we do heroic acts, for example, when someone gives their life for another, that act passes into history and gets lost in the flow of time.
  zh: 当我们做出英勇的行为，比如为别人舍命，这个行为会成为历史，最终被时间冲淡。
- start: 588.589
  end: 608.949
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And Jesus wanted his act by which he was dying for his bride, the sacrifice of Calvary, to remain with his bride so that it could be hers, so that she could receive it and offer it to his father as the one perfect sacrifice of human history.
  zh: 而耶稣希望他为新娘所做的牺牲——各各他的祭献——能够一直与新娘同在，使她可以领受，并把这唯一完美的祭献献给天父。
- start: 608.949
  end: 612.449
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, now, we simply can't do that.
  zh: 我们自己是做不到这一点的。
- start: 612.449
  end: 620.309
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We can't take an act that's done in time and preserve it and enable it to be made present all through human history.
  zh: 我们无法让一个发生在时间里的行为被保存下来，并在整个人类历史中持续临现。
- start: 620.309
  end: 644.749
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But Jesus is God and man, and he found a way by which the act that passed into time could be, um, sacramentally made present throughout the life of his church so that his bride could offer it with him and w- offer herself with him every day of her life.
  zh: 但耶稣既是神又是人，他找到了方法，让这个进入历史的行为可以在教会的整个生命中以圣事的方式临现，使新娘可以每天与他一起献上自己。
- start: 644.749
  end: 645.589
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 645.589
  end: 648.649
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So this is the second reason for the Eucharist.
  zh: 这就是圣餐的第二个理由。
- start: 648.649
  end: 655.969
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Pope Benedict speaks of the Eucharist as drawing us into Jesus' act of self-oblation, right?
  zh: 本笃十六世教宗说，圣餐把我们带入耶稣自我奉献的行动中，对吧？
- start: 655.969
  end: 659.449
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Self-gift, self-sacrifice.
  zh: 自我奉献，自我牺牲。
- start: 659.449
  end: 666.189
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: More than just statically receiving the incarnate Logos, we enter into the very dynamic of his self-giving.
  zh: 我们不只是被动地领受道成肉身的基督，而是进入他自我奉献的动态之中。
- start: 666.189
  end: 672.529
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And I think this is especially important for us to be attentive to, because I think most of the Catholic faithful miss this.
  zh: 我认为这一点特别值得我们注意，因为大多数公教徒往往忽略了这一点。
- start: 672.529
  end: 672.749
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 672.749
  end: 677.669
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We tend to think of the Eucharist primarily in terms of what we receive, which is very important.
  zh: 我们往往只把圣餐看作我们所领受的，这当然很重要。
- start: 677.669
  end: 678.829
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We'll talk about that next.
  zh: 我们接下来会谈到这一点。
- start: 678.829
  end: 682.609
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But it's not actually the first thing, right?
  zh: 但这其实不是最首要的，对吧？
- start: 682.609
  end: 691.789
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The first thing is, um, Jesus' sacrifice to his father and it being made present so that we can join in.
  zh: 最首要的是耶稣向天父的祭献，并且这个祭献临现，使我们可以参与其中。
- start: 691.789
  end: 692.189
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 692.189
  end: 697.709
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We enter into the very dynamic of his self-giving, in the words of Benedict XVI.
  zh: 用本笃十六世的话说，我们进入了他自我奉献的动态。
- start: 697.709
  end: 705.649
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And we express this in all of the Eucharistic prayers, and it comes right after the, um, consecration.
  zh: 我们在所有圣餐礼祷文中都表达了这一点，而且就在祝圣之后。
- start: 705.649
  end: 706.509
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 706.509
  end: 725.409
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So for example, in the Roman Canon, the first Eucharistic prayer, right after the consecration, the priest prays, "We, your servants, and your holy people," that is, the whole church, "offer to you, to your glorious majesty from the gifts you have given us, this pure victim, this holy victim, this spotless victim." Right?
  zh: 比如在罗马礼第一式圣餐祷文中，祝圣后，祭司祈祷说：「我们你的仆人和你的圣洁子民——也就是整个教会——从你赐给我们的恩物中，献给你这无瑕的祭品、圣洁的祭品、纯全的祭品。」对吧？
- start: 725.409
  end: 734.007
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So the whole church is joining in the offering.So that's the second dimension of the Eucharist.
  zh: 所以整个教会都参与了奉献，这就是圣餐的第二个层面。
- start: 734.007
  end: 745.988
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He wanted His sacrifice not simply to pass into history, but to remain present with us, to be our own, so that we can join with Him in the offering.
  zh: 他希望自己的祭献不仅仅成为历史，而是持续与我们同在，成为我们的，使我们可以与他一起奉献。
- start: 745.988
  end: 756.127
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: On Calvary, Jesus offered, uh, His sacrifice, um, in the presence of His mother and His beloved disciple, John, right?
  zh: 在各各他山上，耶稣是在他母亲和他所爱的门徒约翰面前献上自己的，对吧？
- start: 756.127
  end: 771.827
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And they joined in the offering, but there were only two, and yes, there were two others, the two other Marys, and He wants His whole church to join in the offering, as in the model, on the model of Mary and the other Marys and John.
  zh: 他们参与了奉献，但当时只有两个人，当然还有另外两位马利亚。耶稣希望整个教会都能像马利亚、其他马利亚和约翰那样参与奉献。
- start: 771.827
  end: 780.127
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Uh, third reason for the Eucharist is, um, unitive love, right?
  zh: 圣餐的第三个理由是合一之爱，对吧？
- start: 780.127
  end: 790.707
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It belongs to spousal love, not simply to sacrifice one self for the beloved, but to give one self totally to the beloved, right?
  zh: 婚姻之爱不仅仅是为所爱的人牺牲，更是把自己完全交给所爱的人，对吧？
- start: 790.707
  end: 793.027
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And we can't totally do that, right?
  zh: 我们自己其实做不到完全如此，对吧？
- start: 793.027
  end: 794.087
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We try.
  zh: 我们会努力去做。
- start: 794.087
  end: 800.187
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's what marriage is about, total self-gift and to give our paternity or maternity to one another.
  zh: 婚姻的意义就在于完全的自我奉献，把父性或母性彼此交付。
- start: 800.187
  end: 812.907
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But Jesus, um, was able, again, to do this in a way, um, with each one of us, and holy communion is the answer, we could say, to this divine problem.
  zh: 但耶稣却能以一种方式对每个人做到这一点，圣餐共融就是这个神的难题的答案。
- start: 812.907
  end: 822.607
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: How could the bridegroom give himself totally to a bride that extends to mankind, um, ideally?
  zh: 新郎如何能把自己完全交给遍及全人类的新娘呢？
- start: 822.607
  end: 833.367
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, and holy communion is the answer, by which He gives Himself totally, and that means in His human body, His blood, His soul, and His divinity.
  zh: 圣餐共融就是答案，他在其中把自己完全赐给我们，包括他的人性、身体、宝血、灵魂和神性。
- start: 833.367
  end: 835.367
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 835.367
  end: 837.547
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And this has another consequence.
  zh: 这还有另一个结果。
- start: 837.547
  end: 849.187
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Each one of us being united to Jesus' self-gift and being transformed into greater union with Him, that enables us to be transformed into greater union with one another.
  zh: 我们每个人与耶稣的自我奉献结合，被转化为与他更深的合一，也使我们彼此之间能更深地合一。
- start: 849.187
  end: 854.667
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so the Eucharist is the sacrament of ecclesial unity.
  zh: 因此，圣餐是教会合一的圣事。
- start: 854.667
  end: 867.907
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Saint Paul speaks about this in 1 Corinthians 10:17, "We, being many, are one bread, one body, all that partake of the one bread." That is, the one Eucharist.
  zh: 圣保罗在哥林多前书10章17节说：「我们虽多，仍是一个饼，一个身体，因为我们都是分受这一个饼。」也就是指同一个圣餐。
- start: 867.907
  end: 869.127
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: All right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 869.127
  end: 885.167
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So in summary, Jesus wished to perpetuate His human presence among us, to perpetuate His sacrifice, His redemptive sacrifice, the supreme act of His love, and to allow us to join Him in offering it to the Father.
  zh: 所以总结来说，耶稣希望将他的人性临在持续在我们中间，使他的祭献、救赎的祭献——他爱的最高行动——持续下去，并让我们能与他一起把这祭献献给天父。
- start: 885.167
  end: 900.527
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And third, He wanted to unite Himself in intimate communion with His bride through the ages, so as to be our spiritual food and drink, converting us l- day by day into Himself.
  zh: 第三，他希望在历史长河中与新娘亲密合一，成为我们的属灵食粮和饮料，使我们每天都更像他。
- start: 900.527
  end: 901.207
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 901.207
  end: 913.107
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And these three purposes correspond to the three central mysteries that come together in the Eucharist, the real presence, the sacrifice of the mass, and holy communion.
  zh: 这三个目的正对应圣餐里的三个核心奥秘：真实临在、弥撒的祭献和圣餐共融。
- start: 913.107
  end: 920.107
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And these three ends are intimately related and presuppose one another.
  zh: 这三重目标彼此紧密相关，互为前提。
- start: 920.107
  end: 920.567
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: All right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 920.567
  end: 924.287
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So the real presence is the foundation of the other two.
  zh: 所以，真实临在是另外两个奥秘的基础。
- start: 924.287
  end: 928.287
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Without the real presence, you wouldn't have the sacrifice, right?
  zh: 没有真实临在，就没有祭献，对吧？
- start: 928.287
  end: 932.667
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We w- if we just have bread and wine on the altar, that's not the sacrifice of Calvary.
  zh: 如果祭台上只是饼和酒，那就不是各各他的祭献。
- start: 932.667
  end: 940.167
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So we need the victim of Calvary to be present on the altar through the real presence in order to have the sacrifice.
  zh: 所以我们需要各各他的祭品通过真实临在出现在祭台上，这样才有祭献。
- start: 940.167
  end: 945.927
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And likewise, we need the, the real presence in order to have holy communion, right?
  zh: 同样，我们也需要真实临在，才能有圣餐共融，对吧？
- start: 945.927
  end: 952.487
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It's holy communion not with bread and wine, but with our Lord in the whole of Himself.
  zh: 圣餐共融不是与饼和酒共融，而是与我们的主——他全部的自己——共融。
- start: 952.487
  end: 958.627
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That is His humanity and body and blood, His human soul, and His, um, divinity.
  zh: 也就是他的人性、身体、宝血、人性灵魂和神性。
- start: 958.627
  end: 960.987
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And they...
  zh: 而且……
- start: 960.987
  end: 961.707
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: There's an order.
  zh: 这里有一个次序。
- start: 961.707
  end: 965.807
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The words of consecration make Jesus present, right?
  zh: 祝圣的话语使耶稣临在，对吧？
- start: 965.807
  end: 973.267
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So the real present, um, but immediately as He becomes present under both species, His sacrifice is also made present.
  zh: 所以，真实临在一实现，当他在两种形象下临在时，他的祭献也同时临现。
- start: 973.267
  end: 983.067
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He's present there in His body and His blood separated on the altar, as on Calvary, His blood was physically separated from His body.
  zh: 他在祭台上以身体和宝血分开的方式临在，正如在各各他山上，他的宝血与身体实际分离。
- start: 983.067
  end: 1006.287
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so the sacrifice is made complete as soon as Jesus is present in both species, and that's why the Eucharist involves the species of, of bread and wine to make His body and His blood present separately, manifesting His sacrifice in which His blood was physically separated from His body on Calvary.
  zh: 所以只要耶稣在两种形象下临在，祭献就完成了。这也是为什么圣餐必须有饼和酒两种形象，使他的身体和宝血分别临在，彰显他在各各他山上宝血与身体分离的祭献。
- start: 1006.287
  end: 1007.167
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: All right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1007.167
  end: 1036.547
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So immediately after the real presence is realized in both species, His sacrifice is made present, and then at the conclusion, um, we receive Him, the very victim that was offered, we receive the victim in holy communion, and that is to transform ourselves into His likeness more and more, um, transforming us into one who gives, um, ourselves on the model of Christ's cross and resurrection.
  zh: 所以当他在两种形象下真实临在时，祭献就临现了。最后，我们领受他——就是被奉献的祭品——在圣餐共融中领受祭品，这使我们越来越像他，成为愿意像基督的十字架和复活那样奉献自己的人。
- start: 1036.547
  end: 1047.687
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, the Eucharist is not merely, um, something marginal, um, in the life of the church and external rite.
  zh: 圣餐绝不是教会生活中边缘的、外在的仪式。
- start: 1047.687
  end: 1060.927
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And we can see this even more clearly if we reflect on the fact that the Eucharist obeys the same logic, the same divine logic of love as the incarnation itself and the passion.
  zh: 如果我们思考圣餐遵循与道成肉身和苦难同样的神性爱的逻辑，这一点就更清楚了。
- start: 1060.927
  end: 1077.567
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: For the Eucharist is best understood as the prolongation of the incarnation and passion and resurrection, that is, the incarnation and the paschal mystery throughout the life of the church until Christ comes again in glory.
  zh: 因为圣餐最能被理解为道成肉身、苦难和复活的延续，也就是道成肉身和逾越奥秘在教会整个历史中的延续，直到基督荣耀再来。
- start: 1077.567
  end: 1085.567
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so we can ask the question, why did God become man in the first place?
  zh: 所以我们可以问：神最初为什么要成为人？
- start: 1085.567
  end: 1086.367
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And I...
  zh: 我想……
- start: 1086.367
  end: 1105.981
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This could be answered different ways, Saint Thomas Aquinas gives 10 reasons, but we can, I think, single out three fundamental reasons that match those same three reasons we gave for the Eucharist.God became man to dwell among us as a man among, um, human beings, as a man among men.
  zh: 这个问题有很多答案，圣托马斯·阿奎那给出了十个理由，但我认为可以归纳出三个根本原因，正好对应我们刚才说的圣餐的三个理由。神成为人，是为了像人一样住在我们中间，成为人中的一员。
- start: 1105.981
  end: 1118.261
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He came, um, he became man to sacrifice himself for us, to reconcile ourselves with, with God, and to win the forgiveness of sins and merit every grace.
  zh: 他成为人，是为了为我们牺牲自己，使我们与神和好，赢得罪的赦免和一切恩典。
- start: 1118.261
  end: 1118.582
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1118.582
  end: 1122.261
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So, that's the second reason for the incarnation is his sacrifice.
  zh: 所以，道成肉身的第二个原因就是他的祭献。
- start: 1122.261
  end: 1122.742
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1122.742
  end: 1128.761
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: "That's the reason that St. Anselm highlighted in his book, um, Cur Deus Homo: Why God Became Man."
  zh: 这是圣安瑟伦在他的著作《为何神成为人》中特别强调的原因。
- start: 1128.761
  end: 1132.421
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And third, we tend to forget about this, but the East...
  zh: 第三点，我们往往会忽略，但东方教会……
- start: 1132.421
  end: 1136.141
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: our Eastern brothers and sisters are, I think, have a higher awareness.
  zh: 我们的东方弟兄姊妹对此有更深的体会。
- start: 1136.141
  end: 1137.361
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Third, he...
  zh: 第三，神……
- start: 1137.361
  end: 1142.062
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: God became man for the sake of a divine interchange.
  zh: 神成为人，是为了实现神人与人之间的交流。
- start: 1142.062
  end: 1148.922
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He took on our nature so as to give us a share of his divine life.
  zh: 他取了我们的本性，为的是让我们分享他的神性生命。
- start: 1148.922
  end: 1149.581
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1149.581
  end: 1156.862
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so, he took what is ours, humanity, so as to give us, progressively, a share of what is his, divine life.
  zh: 所以，他取了属于我们的——人性——是为了逐步把属于他的——神性生命——分给我们。
- start: 1156.862
  end: 1166.541
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He, the son of God, became a son of man so that we, the sons and daughters of men, can become sons and daughters of God.
  zh: 他，神的儿子，成为人子，好让我们这些世人的儿女成为神的儿女。
- start: 1166.541
  end: 1166.841
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: All right.
  zh: 好的。
- start: 1166.841
  end: 1173.241
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It begins in baptism, but it's nourished day by day or week by week through Holy Communion.
  zh: 这一切始于洗礼，但通过圣餐，每天或每周不断得到滋养。
- start: 1173.241
  end: 1175.021
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Okay, let's start with the first.
  zh: 好，我们先从第一个原因说起。
- start: 1175.021
  end: 1183.661
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, God became man to dwell among us as a human being among human beings, um, and t- here, there's a key principle.
  zh: 神成为人，是为了像人一样住在我们中间。这里有一个关键原则。
- start: 1183.661
  end: 1187.121
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Everything is received according to mode of the recipient.
  zh: 一切都是按照接受者的方式被领受的。
- start: 1187.121
  end: 1196.641
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: God wants to give himself to us, but he knows our mode and takes on our mode of being, coming to dwell, um, in our midst.
  zh: 神想把自己赐给我们，但他知道我们的方式，于是取了我们的存在方式，来到我们中间居住。
- start: 1196.641
  end: 1204.801
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And this was foreshadowed in Israel in a beautiful way, um, the Shekinah, um, and that is...
  zh: 这在以色列历史中有美好的预表，就是「舍吉拿」（神的荣耀云彩）。
- start: 1204.801
  end: 1219.721
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: There was a divine presence that was mysterious, um, that overshadowed the Ark of the Covenant, um, and the tent of meeting where Israel worshiped, um, and I'll talk more about this in the next episode.
  zh: 有一种神秘的神的临在，笼罩在约柜和会幕之上，以色列人在那里敬拜神。我会在下一讲详细讲这个。
- start: 1219.721
  end: 1226.121
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So, just briefly say, um, Jews refer to that as the Shekinah, a dw- a glory dwelling.
  zh: 简单说，犹太人称之为「舍吉拿」，意思是荣耀的居所。
- start: 1226.121
  end: 1232.701
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: In other words, a divine presence manifested in a cloud of glory over the holy place, the Ark of the Covenant.
  zh: 也就是说，神的临在以荣耀的云彩显现在圣所、约柜之上。
- start: 1232.701
  end: 1240.081
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And Shekinah comes from the Hebrew word shahan, to dwell, to dwell as in a tent.
  zh: 「舍吉拿」这个词来自希伯来文「shahan」，意思是居住，像住在帐篷里一样。
- start: 1240.081
  end: 1240.721
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1240.721
  end: 1248.381
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And now, God wasn't physically or substantially present in the Old Testament, um, in the Shekinah.
  zh: 在旧约时代，神并没有以实体或本质的方式临在于舍吉拿中。
- start: 1248.381
  end: 1258.381
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It was something sensible, a cloud of glory to show a mystery, and that mystery is prefiguring the mystery of the incarnation and of the Eucharist.
  zh: 那是一种可感知的荣耀云彩，象征着奥秘，这个奥秘预表了道成肉身和圣餐的奥秘。
- start: 1258.381
  end: 1266.281
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, and John highlights this in his prologue of his gospel, um, the verse...
  zh: 约翰在他福音书的序言中特别强调了这一点，就是……
- start: 1266.281
  end: 1278.621
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: um, chapter 1, verse 14, "The Word was made flesh and dwelt among us." And here, John has used the word to dwell, um, a Greek word, as close as possible to the Hebrew word.
  zh: 约翰福音1章14节：「道成了肉身，住在我们中间。」这里约翰用的「住」这个词，希腊文尽量贴近希伯来文的意思。
- start: 1282.081
  end: 1285.141
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, and precisely to, to make...
  zh: 正是为了……
- start: 1285.141
  end: 1297.101
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: bring out this continuity that what the Old Testament foreshadowed with this glory presence was realized by the incarnation, God dwelling, um, i- in our midst.
  zh: 强调这种延续性：旧约中荣耀的临在所预表的，在道成肉身中实现了——神住在我们中间。
- start: 1297.101
  end: 1297.901
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1297.901
  end: 1317.081
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, if that was the purpose of the incarnation, that we said is the first purpose of the Eucharist, to dwell in our midst, and notice he's dwelling in, in one way in, in a better way, but in another sense, in a, um, a way that we would, um, um, wish for otherwise.
  zh: 如果说这就是道成肉身的目的，那也是圣餐的第一个目的——住在我们中间。要注意，他以一种更美好的方式住在我们中间，但从另一个角度看，也有我们所期望以外的方式。
- start: 1317.081
  end: 1323.321
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, so he's dwelling in our midst in the Eucharist in a way that's not visible.
  zh: 他在圣餐中住在我们中间，但这种临在是不可见的。
- start: 1323.321
  end: 1323.561
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1323.561
  end: 1324.841
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We see something else.
  zh: 我们看到的是别的东西。
- start: 1324.841
  end: 1327.961
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He's veiled by the appearances of bread and wine.
  zh: 他被饼和酒的外貌遮盖着。
- start: 1327.961
  end: 1334.521
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But he's present in a better way because he's present wherever his bride is.
  zh: 但他以更美好的方式临在，因为无论新娘在哪里，他都在那里。
- start: 1334.521
  end: 1335.001
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1335.001
  end: 1349.981
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So, in the incarnation, um, God became man in Nazareth, and he lived in Galilee, traveled to Jerusalem and other parts of Israel, but he was only in one place at a time and never went beyond those borders, um, and only for 33 years.
  zh: 在道成肉身时，神成为人在拿撒勒，住在加利利，去过耶路撒冷和以色列其他地方，但他一次只能在一个地方，从未离开过那片土地，而且只有三十三年。
- start: 1349.981
  end: 1353.601
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And we live 2,000 years later and in a different continent, et cetera.
  zh: 而我们生活在两千年后，甚至在不同的大陆。
- start: 1353.601
  end: 1366.401
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so, Jesus wanted to continue the logic of the incarnation m- in a more super abundant, generous way so that we could encounter him right where we are.
  zh: 所以，耶稣希望以更丰富、更慷慨的方式延续道成肉身的逻辑，让我们可以在任何地方遇见他。
- start: 1366.401
  end: 1367.661
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1367.661
  end: 1374.201
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So I'm speaking here in Steubenville, and I encountered him this morning in St. Peter's Church in, in Steubenville.
  zh: 比如我现在在斯图本维尔讲课，今天早上就在斯图本维尔的圣彼得堂遇见了他。
- start: 1374.201
  end: 1378.721
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And wherever we go, where there's a Catholic priest, we can encounter...
  zh: 无论我们去哪里，只要有公教会的祭司……
- start: 1378.721
  end: 1392.041
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: and a tabernacle, we can encounter the incarnate Lord, right, who became man in one particular place, but has wanted his human presence to be encountered wherever we are.
  zh: 还有圣体龛，我们就能遇见那位道成肉身的主。他曾在一个地方成为人，但希望他的临在能在任何地方被我们遇见。
- start: 1392.041
  end: 1402.041
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And a second, um, we could say, advantage of this Eucharistic way of presence is it heightens the merit of faith.
  zh: 圣餐这种临在的第二个优点是，它提升了信心的功德。
- start: 1402.041
  end: 1408.501
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, that merit of faith was already there in the incarnation because one saw his humanity and didn't see his divinity.
  zh: 其实在道成肉身时就有信心的功德，因为人们只看到他的人性，看不到他的神性。
- start: 1408.501
  end: 1419.521
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But in the Eucharist, we see neither his humanity nor his divinity, and what we see is something totally different, um, bread and wine.
  zh: 但在圣餐中，我们既看不到他的人性，也看不到他的神性，我们看到的只是饼和酒。
- start: 1419.521
  end: 1421.781
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so, we have to have a...
  zh: 所以我们必须有……
- start: 1421.781
  end: 1426.801
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: as it were, a double faith, believing both his divinity and his humanity.
  zh: 可以说是双重的信心，相信他的神性和人性都在其中。
- start: 1426.801
  end: 1429.581
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And that, um, we can't...
  zh: 而这一点，我们自己……
- start: 1429.581
  end: 1429.801
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1429.801
  end: 1431.261
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That we can't do that ourselves.
  zh: 我们靠自己是做不到的。
- start: 1431.261
  end: 1435.121
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We believe through the grace of faith.
  zh: 我们是靠信心的恩典才相信的。
- start: 1435.121
  end: 1436.861
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But nevertheless that...
  zh: 但即便如此……
- start: 1436.861
  end: 1442.921
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: God provides also for a merit, the merit of faith through his own gift of faith.
  zh: 神也借着他赐下的信心，使我们获得信心的功德。
- start: 1442.921
  end: 1467.051
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, and in that sense, we could say it continues the logic of the incarnation in which that was the greatest merit of faith, believing God present in this man, Jesus of Nazareth, and so in the Eucharist, to believe his divinity and his humanity present in the tabernacle and on the altar and in Holy Communion....
  zh: 从这个意义上说，这延续了道成肉身的逻辑：最大的信心功德就是相信神在拿撒勒人耶稣里临在。同样，在圣餐中，相信他的神性和人性都在圣体龛、祭台和圣餐共融中临在……
- start: 1467.051
  end: 1470.611
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: God became man also to be a model of every virtue.
  zh: 神成为人，也是为了成为各种美德的榜样。
- start: 1470.611
  end: 1477.252
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And in the Eucharist's eye, this may be, seem extravagant, but in, in the Eucharist he continues to be our teacher, right?
  zh: 在圣餐中，这听起来也许夸张，但他确实继续成为我们的老师，对吧？
- start: 1477.252
  end: 1484.052
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Because in the Eucharist, he continues to be a model of all the great virtues, starting with charity.
  zh: 因为在圣餐中，他继续成为各种伟大美德的榜样，首先是仁爱。
- start: 1484.052
  end: 1493.031
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He's there where we are, wherever we are, and he's there not for himself, but only to give himself to us, to be encountered by us whenever we want.
  zh: 无论我们在哪里，他都在那里，他不是为自己而在，而是为了把自己赐给我们，让我们随时都能遇见他。
- start: 1493.031
  end: 1495.211
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He seeks nothing of his own.
  zh: 他不为自己寻求什么。
- start: 1495.211
  end: 1498.972
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He bears with our, um, indifference.
  zh: 他忍受我们的冷淡。
- start: 1498.972
  end: 1505.171
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, he, um, exercises patience and, um, and humility.
  zh: 他表现出极大的忍耐和谦卑。
- start: 1505.171
  end: 1514.711
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And just again, as in the logic of the incarnation, um, Saint Paul in Philippians chapter two speaks of Christ's self-emptying.
  zh: 同样，正如道成肉身的逻辑，圣保罗在腓立比书第二章谈到基督的自我虚己。
- start: 1514.711
  end: 1525.431
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Though he was in the form of God, right, he didn't clutch, see it as something to, um, to grasp, but emptied himself, taking on the form of a slave, right?
  zh: 「他本有神的形象，却不以自己与神同等为强夺的，反倒虚己，取了奴仆的形象。」（腓2:6-7）
- start: 1525.431
  end: 1529.011
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, even to the, um, obedience and to death.
  zh: 甚至顺服至死。
- start: 1529.011
  end: 1532.091
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: In the Eucharist, that logic continues, right?
  zh: 在圣餐中，这种逻辑依然延续，对吧？
- start: 1532.091
  end: 1537.931
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He empties himself even of the visible, um, appearances of humanity.
  zh: 他甚至连可见的人性外貌都虚己了。
- start: 1537.931
  end: 1550.771
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, and so he's totally self-emptied, as it were, in the tabernacle, um, waiting for us and giving himself totally, for us and to us.
  zh: 所以他在圣体龛里完全虚己，等候我们，把自己完全为我们、也交给我们。
- start: 1550.771
  end: 1561.571
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Let's look at the second reason for the incarnation, the sacrifice.
  zh: 我们再来看道成肉身的第二个原因——祭献。
- start: 1561.571
  end: 1561.951
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1561.951
  end: 1578.111
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So, God became man because after sin entered the world, um, there needs to be a, an, um, an act both of turning back to God and of making satisfaction for sin.
  zh: 神成为人，是因为罪进入世界后，需要有一个既归向神、又为罪补赎的行动。
- start: 1578.111
  end: 1586.671
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But the problem is, we can't make perfect satisfaction for our sin, because it's more, um, it has a certain infinite gravity, as Saint Anselm explains.
  zh: 但问题是，我们无法为自己的罪做出完美的补赎，因为正如圣安瑟伦所说，罪有某种无限的严重性。
- start: 1586.671
  end: 1598.411
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so God became man to offer himself, um, in such a way that his offering, out of love, would be more pleasing than all human sin together is displeasing.
  zh: 所以神成为人，为的是献上自己，使他的奉献因爱而远远超过所有人类罪恶带来的不悦。
- start: 1598.411
  end: 1599.371
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: All right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1599.371
  end: 1601.191
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That continues in the Eucharist.
  zh: 这一点在圣餐中得以延续。
- start: 1601.191
  end: 1613.811
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He wanted that very act to be present on our altars today, so that today, this morning, we could offer something more pleasing than all human sin put together is displeasing.
  zh: 他希望这个行动今天仍然在我们的祭台上临现，使我们今天、今早都能献上比所有人类罪恶更蒙悦纳的祭品。
- start: 1613.811
  end: 1616.011
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's true of every Mass.
  zh: 每一台弥撒都是如此。
- start: 1616.011
  end: 1618.371
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1618.371
  end: 1628.871
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So he wanted his sacrifice, the central act of history, to be the center of each of our lives and weeks and, if possible, days.
  zh: 所以他希望自己的祭献——历史的中心行动——成为我们每个人生活、每周、甚至每天的中心。
- start: 1628.871
  end: 1635.871
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We'll come back to this in episode seven, on the sacrifice of the Mass.
  zh: 我们会在第七讲「弥撒的祭献」中再详细讨论这个问题。
- start: 1635.871
  end: 1637.831
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1637.831
  end: 1645.471
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So he's loved us to the end, and that love to the end is made present every day in the life of the church in the Eucharist.
  zh: 他爱我们到底，这份爱在教会的生活中，每一天都通过圣餐临现。
- start: 1645.471
  end: 1650.791
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And then third, we said God became man for a divine interchange.
  zh: 第三，我们说神成为人是为了神人与人之间的交流。
- start: 1650.791
  end: 1657.231
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He became man so that we could be divinized, sanctified, and come to share in his divine nature.
  zh: 他成为人，是为了使我们能被神化、成圣，并分享他的神性。
- start: 1657.231
  end: 1657.791
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1657.791
  end: 1661.831
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so that, um, is a re- a fundamental reason for the incarnation.
  zh: 这就是道成肉身的一个根本原因。
- start: 1661.831
  end: 1665.911
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: God takes on what is ours to give us a share of what is his.
  zh: 神取了属于我们的，为的是把属于他的分给我们。
- start: 1665.911
  end: 1667.211
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But how does that work?
  zh: 但这是如何实现的呢？
- start: 1667.211
  end: 1673.331
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: As it will work, um, the principle, the ordinary means for this divine interchange is, in fact, the Eucharist.
  zh: 实际上，这种神人与人之间的交流，最普通的途径就是圣餐。
- start: 1673.331
  end: 1682.791
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Because in the Eucharist, he gives himself to us, whole and entire, body, blood, soul, and divinity, that is humanity and divinity, entire.
  zh: 因为在圣餐中，他把自己完全赐给我们——身体、宝血、灵魂和神性，也就是全部的人性和神性。
- start: 1682.791
  end: 1692.871
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He comes into us, um, bodily so that we, um, are nourished by him, not physically, but spiritually.
  zh: 他以身体进入我们里面，使我们得着他的滋养，这不是肉体上的，而是属灵上的滋养。
- start: 1692.871
  end: 1696.091
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That means he's nourishing us in what is his.
  zh: 这意味着他用属于他的一切来滋养我们。
- start: 1696.091
  end: 1700.331
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: What is his is divine nature and charity.
  zh: 他所拥有的是神性和爱。
- start: 1700.331
  end: 1705.171
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That is, the love and to love one another as he has loved us.
  zh: 也就是爱，并且要像他爱我们一样彼此相爱。
- start: 1705.171
  end: 1712.191
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so in every holy communion, we're being nourished by his life so as to be more converted into him.
  zh: 所以每一次圣餐共融，我们都被他的生命滋养，使我们更像他。
- start: 1712.191
  end: 1714.911
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Saint Augustine makes a parallel here with eating.
  zh: 圣奥古斯丁在这里用吃饭作了一个类比。
- start: 1714.911
  end: 1716.351
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So, I had breakfast this morning.
  zh: 比如我今天早上吃了早餐。
- start: 1716.351
  end: 1722.171
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: My breakfast has become my egg, um, and cereal has be- now become me.
  zh: 我的早餐——鸡蛋和麦片——现在已经变成了我的一部分。
- start: 1722.171
  end: 1725.011
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But when we receive communion, it's the other way around.
  zh: 但当我们领受圣餐时，情况正好相反。
- start: 1725.011
  end: 1725.631
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Right?
  zh: 对吧？
- start: 1725.631
  end: 1737.771
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We receive him so as to become more, um, configured to him, made more like him, and made more like him, above all, in the power to love as he has loved us.
  zh: 我们领受他，是为了更像他，尤其是在爱人的能力上更像他，像他那样去爱。
- start: 1737.771
  end: 1745.211
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Um, we see this in many, many prayers of the Eucharist, um, the, even the, um, offertory prayer.
  zh: 我们在许多圣餐祷文中都能看到这一点，甚至在奉献祷文中也是如此。
- start: 1745.211
  end: 1754.031
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: By the mystery of this water and wine, may we come to share in the divinity of Christ, who humbled himself to share in our humanity.
  zh: 「愿我们借着这水与酒的奥秘，得以分享基督的神性，因为他曾屈尊与我们分享人性。」
- start: 1754.031
  end: 1758.611
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And, um, this is expressed in a beautiful way in the collect for Christmas Mass.
  zh: 在圣诞弥撒的集祷经中，这一点也有很美的表达。
- start: 1758.611
  end: 1773.571
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: '"Oh, God, who wonderfully created the dignity of human nature and still more wonderfully restored it, grant, we pray, that we may share in the divinity of Christ, who humbled themself- self to share in our humanity." Right?'
  zh: 「神啊，你奇妙地创造了人性的尊严，更奇妙地使它复原。求你使我们能分享基督的神性，因为他曾屈尊与我们分享人性。」对吧？
- start: 1773.571
  end: 1779.951
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's, um, that's what is accomplished through every holy communion that we receive worth.
  zh: 这正是我们每一次善领圣餐时所实现的。
- start: 1779.951
  end: 1786.931
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So, in summary, the Eucharist, as the sacrament of the, the charity of the bridegroom.
  zh: 所以，总结来说，圣餐是新郎之爱的圣事。
- start: 1786.931
  end: 1800.971
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It has three fundamental aspects, presence, sacrifice, and union, and that's expressed in the three mysteries of the Eucharist, the real presence, the sacrifice of the Mass, and holy communion.
  zh: 它有三个根本层面：临在、祭献和合一，这也体现在圣餐的三个奥秘——真实临在、弥撒的祭献和圣餐共融。
- start: 1800.971
  end: 1809.231
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And we'll, um, take apart those three, um, aspects in further episodes, um, in this series.
  zh: 我们会在这个系列的后续讲座中详细探讨这三个层面。
- start: 1809.231
  end: 1810.011
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Thank you.
  zh: 谢谢大家。
- start: 1810.011
  end: 1812.431
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: In the name of the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit.
  zh: 奉父、子、圣灵的名。
- start: 1812.431
  end: 1812.991
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Amen.
  zh: 阿门。
- start: 1812.991
  end: 1818.151
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We give you thanks, almighty God, for the gift of the Eucharist, through Christ our Lord.
  zh: 全能的神，我们感谢你赐下圣餐的恩赐。奉我们的主基督。
- start: 1818.151
  end: 1818.851
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Amen.
  zh: 阿门。
