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  text: On the night before he died, Jesus celebrated the Last Supper and said there, "Do this in memory of me." When Saint Paul wrote his first letter to the Corinthians, he recalled this and says, "For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until he comes." What does this have to do with what the Catholic Church calls the Eucharist?
  speaker: speaker_0
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  text: Is the Catholic Eucharist in the Bible?
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  text: Yes.
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  text: The Catholic Eucharist is in scripture, and in fact, scripture is found in different ways throughout the Catholic celebration of the Eucharist.
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  text: But first, we need to back up and consider what this word Eucharist is.
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  text: Eucharist comes from a Greek word, eukaristia, which means thanksgiving or gratitude.
  speaker: speaker_0
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    secs: 54
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  text: The verb eukaristo means I give thanks.
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    secs: 58
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  end_time:
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  text: Moreover, after the prefix, which means good or well, the stem of eukaristia is the Greek word karess, which is rendered in Latin, gratia.
  speaker: speaker_0
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    secs: 68
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  text: The Eucharist is indeed this good grace or thanksgiving.
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    secs: 72
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  text: While you may not see the word Eucharist if you read the New Testament in English, keep in mind that the New Testament books were written in Greek.
  speaker: speaker_0
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  text: The term expresses what we hear in the English as giving thanks.
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  text: For example, Saint Paul says in First Corinthians, "For I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, 'This is my body, which is for you." Eucharist became one of the names of the sacrament.
  speaker: speaker_0
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    secs: 106
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  text: Saint Justin Martyr, in the middle of the 2nd century, attests to the custom of calling this food Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_0
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  end_time:
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  text: Where do we find the Catholic understanding of the Eucharist in the Bible?
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    secs: 115
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  end_time:
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  text: Primarily, it is what Jesus himself teaches during his public ministry.
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  text: In all three synoptic gospels, in Matthew chapter 26, in Mark chapter 14, and Luke chapter 22, we read that Jesus institutes the sacred meal where he takes bread and wine and says words that are transformative.
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- start_time:
    secs: 135
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  text: He makes the bread and wine his own body, his own blood.
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    secs: 139
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  text: The Eucharist is Christ himself.
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  text: Saint Thomas Aquinas noted that Jesus does this on the night before he died, because this sacrament makes Christ present to us, who suffered for our salvation.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 153
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  end_time:
    secs: 156
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  text: Jesus wants to remain with us always.
  speaker: speaker_0
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    secs: 156
    nanos: 259000000
  end_time:
    secs: 166
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  text: All of Christ's life on Earth led to him giving us the Eucharist in the Paschal Mystery, so that we may be united to him.
  speaker: speaker_0
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    secs: 166
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    secs: 180
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  text: At the Last Supper, he said, "I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer." In John chapter 6, Jesus says, "I am the living bread which came down from heaven.
  speaker: speaker_0
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    secs: 180
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  text: If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever.
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  end_time:
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  text: And the bread which I shall give for the life of the world is my flesh." The Eucharist is the greatest of all sacraments, because it contains Christ himself, and it was foreshadowed in many ways in the Old Testament.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 199
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  text: As Abraham was willing in faith to give his beloved son, so God the Father gives his beloved Son as a victim in the sacrifice of the mass.
  speaker: speaker_0
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    secs: 209
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  text: The Passover lamb was the food for Israel's journey, and its blood saved Israel from destruction.
  speaker: speaker_0
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    secs: 222
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  text: Christ is the lamb of God who becomes food for our exodus to heaven, and we are saved by his blood.
  speaker: speaker_0
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    secs: 222
    nanos: 319000000
  end_time:
    secs: 230
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  text: During their exodus from Egypt, the Israelites were fed daily by God himself in the form of manna, a mysterious bread from heaven.
  speaker: speaker_0
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    secs: 230
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    secs: 236
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  text: We are fed by the Eucharist, Christ himself, the living bread come down from heaven.
  speaker: speaker_0
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    secs: 236
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  text: Saint Thomas Aquinas expresses these Old Testament types, or foreshadows, in poetic form in the mass sequence of Corpus Christi.
  speaker: speaker_0
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  text: In the English translation, the church sings, "Truth, the ancient type fulfilling.
  speaker: speaker_0
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  text: Isaac bound, a victim willing.
  speaker: speaker_0
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    secs: 253
    nanos: 179000000
  end_time:
    secs: 255
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  text: Paschal Lamb, its life blood spilling.
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  end_time:
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  text: Manna to the Father sent." Moreover, not only is the Eucharist foretold in the Old Testament and made explicit in the New Testament, the Church's celebration of the Eucharist is filled with biblical verses and images.
  speaker: speaker_0
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  text: For Saint Thomas, following in a tradition from Saint Augustine, the mass preeminently expresses what Saint Paul says in First Timothy, "First of all, then, I urge that supplications, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings be made for all men, for kings and all who are in high positions, that we may lead a quiet and peaceable life, godly and respectful in every way." The mass is the greatest example of where we find supplications, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings.
  speaker: speaker_0
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    secs: 301
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  text: The mass begins and ends with the Trinity, the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit in the sign of the cross.
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  text: We can recall how at the end of Matthew's account of the Gospel, Jesus gives the Great Commission to the apostles to baptize in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.
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  text: The sign of the cross expresses how Christ came to save us.
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  text: The Eucharist introductory rites include an act of penance when we cry out to the Lord for mercy.
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  text: On certain holy days, such as most Sundays, the Church sings the Gloria, which amplifies the angelic statement on Christmas night, "Glory to God in the highest, and on Earth peace among men with whom he is pleased." After the introductory rites, each mass is composed of the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 349
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  text: The Liturgy of the Word gives readings from the Bible, culminating in the proclamation of the Gospel.
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  text: The Liturgy of the Eucharist is imbued with scripture throughout, including the very words of institution of the Eucharist said by the ordained priest in the person of Christ, such as, "This is my body."At communion, knowing that the lamb of God that takes away the sins of the world is present, we pray in a way reminiscent of the words to Jesus of the Centurion seeking healing.
  speaker: speaker_0
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    secs: 378
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  text: '"Lord, I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof, but only say the word and my soul shall be healed." The Catholic teaching of the Eucharist is not only in the Bible, the Bible is lived out in the celebration of the Eucharist.'
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  text: All of this is for our salvation, so that the words celebrated in the Eucharist may heal our souls and that we may live forever.
  speaker: speaker_0
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  text: For readings, podcasts and more videos like this, go to Aquinas101.com.
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    secs: 410
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  text: While you're there, be sure to sign up for one of our free video courses on Aquinas.
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    secs: 415
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  text: And don't forget to subscribe, like and share with your friends, because it matters what you think.
  speaker: speaker_0
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  text: The Catholic Church takes Jesus at his word when he says at the Last Supper, "This is my body.
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  text: Do this in memory of me." The Eucharist is truly the body and blood of Jesus, present under the appearances of bread and wine.
  speaker: speaker_1
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  text: But how can this be?
  speaker: speaker_1
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  end_time:
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  text: We continue to see what looks like bread and wine.
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    secs: 452
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  end_time:
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  text: It continues to taste like bread and wine, to behave like bread and wine.
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    secs: 457
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  end_time:
    secs: 460
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  text: How could the body of Christ be there?
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  end_time:
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  text: When a priest says mass, he starts with bread and wine.
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  end_time:
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  text: At the consecration, these elements become the body and blood of Christ.
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  end_time:
    secs: 485
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  text: This miraculous change is caused by God's divine power and it's called transubstantiation.
  speaker: speaker_1
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  text: We have another video that explains it in more detail.
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  text: In this video, we're focusing on what results from transubstantiation, the real presence of Jesus Christ in the Eucharist, body, blood, soul, and divinity.
  speaker: speaker_1
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    secs: 499
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  text: How is Jesus present?
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    secs: 502
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  end_time:
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  text: Saint Thomas Aquinas gives a classic answer, but to understand what he says, we need to review the distinction between a substance and its accidents.
  speaker: speaker_1
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  text: A substance is what is really there.
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    secs: 513
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  end_time:
    secs: 514
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  text: Think of a dog.
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  text: That's a substance.
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  end_time:
    secs: 522
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  text: Fido is the thing that subsists, the thing that's really there, but many things could be said of Fido.
  speaker: speaker_1
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    secs: 522
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  end_time:
    secs: 525
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  text: He's white and hairy and skinny.
  speaker: speaker_1
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    secs: 525
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  end_time:
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  text: These are properties or characteristics of Fido, what Thomas Aquinas calls accidents.
  speaker: speaker_1
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  end_time:
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  text: They can change over time.
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    secs: 533
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  end_time:
    secs: 536
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  text: A hairy Fido can get a haircut.
  speaker: speaker_1
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    secs: 536
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  end_time:
    secs: 539
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  text: A skinny Fido can become fat.
  speaker: speaker_1
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    secs: 539
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  end_time:
    secs: 542
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  text: But the substance of Fido stays the same.
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    secs: 542
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  end_time:
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  text: Accidents are the kinds of things that inhere in a subject or a substance.
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    secs: 548
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  text: Fido's skinniness is a property of Fido, but Fido is what stands under his appearances and stays the same, while the skinniness of Fido might come and go.
  speaker: speaker_1
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    secs: 562
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  end_time:
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  text: Whenever we encounter a thing, our senses encounter its appearances, its accidents, and then our mind grasps what is there underneath those appearances, the substance.
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  text: For example, we grasp that the same person is present when an embryo grows to a toddler, a teenager and eventually becomes an adult.
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  end_time:
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  text: Let's now return to the Eucharist.
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  end_time:
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  text: How can Jesus be present in what looks like bread and wine?
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    secs: 594
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  text: Of course, right now, Jesus is in heaven at the right hand of the Father in his human body.
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    secs: 599
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  end_time:
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  text: That human body of Jesus doesn't move or change when we celebrate the Eucharist.
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  text: Rather, the Catholic understanding is that the substance of the bread is miraculously changed into the substance of the body of Christ.
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  end_time:
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  text: But, and this is the key point, the accidents or appearances of bread do not change.
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    secs: 623
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  text: They remain just what they were before.
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    secs: 626
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  end_time:
    secs: 633
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  text: So transubstantiation, this change of the bread into the body of Christ, is miraculous in two ways.
  speaker: speaker_1
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    secs: 633
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  text: First, that bread would become the body of Christ, and second, that the accidents or appearances of the bread, its properties, would continue to exist.
  speaker: speaker_1
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  text: They're miraculously held in being by God without being rooted in the substance of bread.
  speaker: speaker_1
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    secs: 651
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  text: That's because the substance of bread is not there anymore.
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  text: It has been changed, entirely changed into the substance of Christ's body.
  speaker: speaker_1
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  end_time:
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  text: Now, you might say, where did I read that in the Bible?
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    secs: 665
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  text: The answer that Thomas Aquinas gives is, you read about it in Chapter 6 of John's Gospel.
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  end_time:
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  text: Jesus tells us that his body is true food and that you must eat it in order to have eternal life.
  speaker: speaker_1
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    secs: 677
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  text: Then, at the Last Supper, Jesus took bread, broke it and gave it to his apostles saying, "This is my body." When the apostles received it, it looked like bread, but in truth it was his body.
  speaker: speaker_1
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  end_time:
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  text: This is because when God speaks, what he says comes to be.
  speaker: speaker_1
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    secs: 700
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  end_time:
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  text: In the beginning, God said, "Let there be light." And there was light.
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  text: So when the divine word of God says, "This is my body," it truly becomes his body.
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  text: Saint Thomas explains that even though we don't see, touch or taste his body directly through our senses, we believe what Jesus says, that his body is now truly present under the appearances of bread.
  speaker: speaker_1
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  text: This requires an act of faith in the word of God....
  speaker: speaker_1
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  text: and changing bread into the body of Christ isn't impossible for God.
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  text: So we should believe him when he says that he does it.
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  text: From this key truth, Aquinas draws a number of important conclusions about the Eucharist.
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  text: First, the substance of Christ's body is directly present, but the accidents of his human body are not.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 754
    nanos: 299000000
  end_time:
    secs: 765
    nanos: 319000000
  text: That is, his human body has its own height, weight, place, and so forth, and those properties of his body are not directly present in the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 765
    nanos: 319000000
  end_time:
    secs: 773
    nanos: 920000000
  text: Second, the accidents of the bread continue to be present even though the substance of the bread is no longer there.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 773
    nanos: 920000000
  end_time:
    secs: 789
    nanos: 339000000
  text: This means that the bread's shape, its size, its quantity, its extension in three-dimensional space, these accidents have now become a kind of container for the substance of the body of Christ which is hidden within them.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 789
    nanos: 339000000
  end_time:
    secs: 801
    nanos: 939000000
  text: Indeed, the Eucharist will continue to have the chemical and atomic properties of bread, but the substance that is truly there underneath those accidents is the body of Christ.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 801
    nanos: 939000000
  end_time:
    secs: 814
    nanos: 899000000
  text: This also means that even if a priest were to celebrate mass with an enormous quantity of bread, the body of Christ existing in heaven does not increase in size or in weight.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 814
    nanos: 899000000
  end_time:
    secs: 824
    nanos: 479000000
  text: That's because quantity or size is an accident of a substance, just like the size of Fido is an accident of Fido.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 824
    nanos: 479000000
  end_time:
    secs: 828
    nanos: 979000000
  text: Aquinas also explains that the whole Christ is present in this sacrament.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 828
    nanos: 979000000
  end_time:
    secs: 837
    nanos: 139000000
  text: That means that even if you only receive a small fragment of a host, you receive the whole body of Christ, not just a part of him.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 837
    nanos: 139000000
  end_time:
    secs: 844
    nanos: 819000000
  text: What's more, everything that is really joined to the body of Christ is at least indirectly present in the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 844
    nanos: 819000000
  end_time:
    secs: 855
    nanos: 639000000
  text: So in heaven, Christ's body is united with his blood, and both are made alive by his human soul, and his entire humanity is joined to his divinity.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 855
    nanos: 639000000
  end_time:
    secs: 867
    nanos: 219000000
  text: So the Catholic Church says that all of these dimensions are sacramentally present in every Eucharistic host and chalice, Christ's body, blood, soul, and divinity.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 867
    nanos: 219000000
  end_time:
    secs: 877
    nanos: 19000000
  text: Because the sacraments are signs that bring about what they signify, we can talk about the body being directly present in the Eucharistic host.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 877
    nanos: 19000000
  end_time:
    secs: 887
    nanos: 19000000
  text: Jesus says over the host, "This is my body." While his blood, soul, and divinity are present there indirectly, or as Aquinas says, by concomitance.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 887
    nanos: 19000000
  end_time:
    secs: 888
    nanos: 939000000
  text: And the same is true about the chalice.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 888
    nanos: 939000000
  end_time:
    secs: 896
    nanos: 999000000
  text: The blood of Christ is present directly, and his body, soul, and divinity are present indirectly by concomitance.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 896
    nanos: 999000000
  end_time:
    secs: 909
    nanos: 219000000
  text: When we make a new friend, we first see his face, we hear his voice, and gradually, under these appearances, we come to know the person who is really there.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 909
    nanos: 219000000
  end_time:
    secs: 913
    nanos: 279000000
  text: Something even more profound happens in the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 913
    nanos: 279000000
  end_time:
    secs: 917
    nanos: 279000000
  text: When we look at a host, we don't see the human face of Jesus.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 917
    nanos: 279000000
  end_time:
    secs: 931
    nanos: 779000000
  text: We do hear his words, of course, as they're spoken by the priest or proclaimed to us in Scripture, but faith is necessary here to believe that God is really speaking and that God is really present here in the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 931
    nanos: 779000000
  end_time:
    secs: 950
    nanos: 159000000
  text: But if we receive Jesus' words with faith, and if we turn towards the Eucharist, it's not unusual for the believer to gradually become more aware of Christ's presence, and even for the experience of Christ's presence to grow and deepen.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 950
    nanos: 159000000
  end_time:
    secs: 954
    nanos: 59000000
  text: Saint Thomas himself wrote prayers and hymns about this.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 954
    nanos: 59000000
  end_time:
    secs: 963
    nanos: 439000000
  text: Let us ask then with Saint Thomas that God would grant us to experience more and more the saving presence of Jesus in the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 963
    nanos: 439000000
  end_time:
    secs: 970
    nanos: 679000000
  text: For readings, podcasts, and more videos like this, go to Aquinas101.com.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 970
    nanos: 679000000
  end_time:
    secs: 974
    nanos: 599000000
  text: While you're there, be sure to sign up for one of our free video courses on Aquinas.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 974
    nanos: 599000000
  end_time:
    secs: 979
    nanos: 619000000
  text: And don't forget to subscribe, like, and share with your friends because it matters what you think.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 990
    nanos: 379000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1002
    nanos: 759000000
  text: In the astounding words of John chapter six, Jesus says, "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1002
    nanos: 759000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1009
    nanos: 479000000
  text: He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1009
    nanos: 479000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1020
    nanos: 19000000
  text: For my flesh is food indeed, and my blood is drink indeed." So if someone asks, "Is the Eucharist food?" The answer is absolutely.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1020
    nanos: 19000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1024
    nanos: 239000000
  text: Let's explore what that means with help from the Bible and Saint Thomas Aquinas.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1024
    nanos: 239000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1038
    nanos: 419000000
  text: On the night before he died, Jesus had a meal with his apostles.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1038
    nanos: 419000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1041
    nanos: 459000000
  text: We know this meal as the Last Supper.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1041
    nanos: 459000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1049
    nanos: 679000000
  text: This calls to mind the Passover meal with the lamb that Israel ate each year in commemoration of their exodus from slavery in Egypt.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1049
    nanos: 679000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1054
    nanos: 219000000
  text: Jesus himself is the lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1054
    nanos: 219000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1070
    nanos: 859000000
  text: At the Last Supper, he took bread, and giving thanks, broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying, "Take this, all of you, and eat of it, for this is my body, which will be given up for you." Similarly, he took a chalice of wine and gave thanks.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1070
    nanos: 859000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1084
    nanos: 99000000
  text: He gave it to his disciples to drink from it, calling it, "The chalice of my blood, the blood of the new and everlasting covenant." The Eucharist is food to be eaten, yet it is not ordinary food.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1084
    nanos: 99000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1091
    nanos: 819000000
  text: This is Jesus Christ himself, who comes to us under the signs of bread and wine to unite us together with him in grace.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1091
    nanos: 819000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1095
    nanos: 979000000
  text: Saint Thomas uses three scholastic categories to consider the sacraments.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1095
    nanos: 979000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1102
    nanos: 1000000
  text: In the Eucharist, the sacramentum tantum, or mere sacrament or sign....
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1102
    nanos: 1000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1103
    nanos: 521000000
  text: is the bread and wine.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1103
    nanos: 521000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1109
    nanos: 461000000
  text: The res tantum, or the reality that is brought about, is our union with Christ in grace.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1109
    nanos: 461000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1122
    nanos: 661000000
  text: We have the res et sacramentum, or the reality in sacrament, as the body and blood of Christ who comes to us through the consecration at mass in transubstantiation, that complete conversion of substance.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1122
    nanos: 661000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1128
    nanos: 701000000
  text: The substances of bread and wine are no longer there when the substance of Christ himself comes.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1128
    nanos: 701000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1139
    nanos: 321000000
  text: Christ's real presence in the reality and sacrament together presupposes the signs of bread and wine whose accidents or various characteristics do not disappear.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1139
    nanos: 321000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1145
    nanos: 542000000
  text: Saint Thomas clearly thought of the Eucharist as food, calling it a sacred banquet.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1145
    nanos: 542000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1149
    nanos: 322000000
  text: He composed a prayer about the Eucharist that Dominicans love to pray.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1149
    nanos: 322000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1170
    nanos: 321000000
  text: '"O sacred banquet in which Christ becomes our food, the memory of his passion is celebrated, the soul is filled with grace, and the pledge of future glory is given to us." The sacrifice of the mass is indeed a banquet, and Saint Thomas teaches that its effect can be seen in part through its manner of being food and drink.'
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1170
    nanos: 321000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1185
    nanos: 281000000
  text: He says, "This sacrament does for the spiritual life all that material food does for the bodily life, namely by sustaining, giving increase, restoring, and giving delight." Think about it.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1185
    nanos: 281000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1187
    nanos: 521000000
  text: Food sustains us.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1187
    nanos: 521000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1190
    nanos: 541000000
  text: If you don't eat, you waste away.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1190
    nanos: 541000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1198
    nanos: 881000000
  text: The Eucharist is our spiritual food, the food for the journey that sustains us as we make our way to the promised land.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1198
    nanos: 881000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1201
    nanos: 21000000
  text: Food gives increase.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1201
    nanos: 21000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1205
    nanos: 241000000
  text: Children grow up big and strong by eating the right food.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1205
    nanos: 241000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1212
    nanos: 581000000
  text: So too the children of God grow up to be saints with an increase in the grace and charity that the Eucharist gives.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1212
    nanos: 581000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1216
    nanos: 361000000
  text: Food restores what we lose in the day through expending energy.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1216
    nanos: 361000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1219
    nanos: 721000000
  text: When you exercise a lot, you need to eat more.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1219
    nanos: 721000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1226
    nanos: 201000000
  text: The Eucharist restores what we lose in the spiritual life so that we may have all the grace we need.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1226
    nanos: 201000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1232
    nanos: 681000000
  text: In fact, the Eucharist restores the soul from the harm of venial daily sin that tires the soul.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1232
    nanos: 681000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1234
    nanos: 821000000
  text: Food gives delight.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1234
    nanos: 821000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1237
    nanos: 121000000
  text: Do you have favorite foods?
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1237
    nanos: 121000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1240
    nanos: 501000000
  text: The Eucharist has all sweetness within.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1240
    nanos: 501000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1244
    nanos: 901000000
  text: This is the bread from heaven containing in itself all delight.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1244
    nanos: 901000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1248
    nanos: 21000000
  text: Yes, the Eucharist is real food.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1248
    nanos: 21000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1250
    nanos: 941000000
  text: We need food when we are hungry.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1250
    nanos: 941000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1253
    nanos: 301000000
  text: What kind of food do you hunger for?
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1253
    nanos: 301000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1258
    nanos: 21000000
  text: Hunger or desire is of greatest importance in understanding the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1258
    nanos: 21000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1264
    nanos: 861000000
  text: In our daily life, if you are not in the least bit hungry, but already feel very full, you are less likely to eat.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1264
    nanos: 861000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1267
    nanos: 1000000
  text: Think of an all-you-can-eat buffet.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1267
    nanos: 1000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1273
    nanos: 561000000
  text: Some people make themselves hungry before that big dinner so as to get as much out of that experience as possible.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1273
    nanos: 561000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1286
    nanos: 261000000
  text: Similarly, Saint Thomas teaches that the Eucharistic fast, not eating before receiving the Eucharist, is precisely because the greatest devotion is called for at the moment of receiving the sacrament.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1286
    nanos: 261000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1290
    nanos: 681000000
  text: We are to hunger for Christ in fervent devotion.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1290
    nanos: 681000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1297
    nanos: 361000000
  text: The more we hunger for him, the more we will be satisfied by him in receiving the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1297
    nanos: 361000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1303
    nanos: 141000000
  text: We work up our hunger for Christ before receiving him so as to receive much from him.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1303
    nanos: 141000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1305
    nanos: 621000000
  text: Now, there are two ways of eating the sacrament.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1305
    nanos: 621000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1309
    nanos: 281000000
  text: One is sacramental and the other is spiritual.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1309
    nanos: 281000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1318
    nanos: 641000000
  text: First, one eats only sacramentally and not spiritually when one receives the Eucharist without receiving any spiritual benefit.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1318
    nanos: 641000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1328
    nanos: 441000000
  text: For example, when someone conscious of unrepentant grave sin receives the Eucharist, that one receives sacramentally, but has done a sinful act.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1328
    nanos: 441000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1330
    nanos: 661000000
  text: That is not a spiritual consumption.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1330
    nanos: 661000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1334
    nanos: 981000000
  text: Second, one may eat spiritually and not sacramentally.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1334
    nanos: 981000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1346
    nanos: 441000000
  text: When someone is not actually receiving the sacrament, but expresses a holy desire to receive, that one receives spiritually the effect of being united to Christ through faith and charity.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1346
    nanos: 441000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1355
    nanos: 181000000
  text: In addition to either a merely sacramental or merely spiritual way of eating the Eucharist is what Saint Thomas understands to be the perfect way.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1355
    nanos: 181000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1363
    nanos: 61000000
  text: The perfect way of receiving the sacrament is by actually consuming the Eucharist in a state of grace with a holy desire.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1363
    nanos: 61000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1369
    nanos: 161000000
  text: This combines both ways of sacramentally and spiritually eating the food of the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1369
    nanos: 161000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1384
    nanos: 561000000
  text: Our Lord says, "My flesh is food indeed." With Saint Thomas and all the saints fed by Christ, we can hunger for Christ himself, made present to us in the sacred banquet, the food we need for the journey of life on Earth.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1384
    nanos: 561000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1391
    nanos: 661000000
  text: For readings, podcasts, and more videos like this, go to Aquinas101.com.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1391
    nanos: 661000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1396
    nanos: 121000000
  text: While you're there, be sure to sign up for one of our free video courses on Aquinas.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1396
    nanos: 121000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1401
    nanos: 861000000
  text: And don't forget to subscribe, like, and share with your friends, because it matters what you think.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 1414
    nanos: 81000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1417
    nanos: 381000000
  text: What happens when you eat the body of Christ?
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1417
    nanos: 381000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1420
    nanos: 861000000
  text: When you eat normal human food, it sustains your bodily life.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1420
    nanos: 861000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1423
    nanos: 301000000
  text: In fact, it becomes a part of your body.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1423
    nanos: 301000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1427
    nanos: 1000000
  text: A child eats in order for his body to grow larger.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1427
    nanos: 1000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1429
    nanos: 681000000
  text: Is it different when you eat the Eucharist?
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1429
    nanos: 681000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1441
    nanos: 541000000
  text: In his Confessions, Saint Augustine has an amazing line about this which he writes as if Jesus were speaking to him, saying, "You will not change me into you as you do with the food of your flesh.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1441
    nanos: 541000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1450
    nanos: 941000000
  text: Rather, you will be changed into me." That is, when you eat the body of Christ, you don't change it into a part of you.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1450
    nanos: 941000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1457
    nanos: 861000000
  text: Instead, it transforms you, and you become a member of the body of Christ.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1457
    nanos: 861000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1480
    nanos: 464000000
  text: We've seen in earlier videos that every sacrament has three dimensions or stages, the sacramental sign, an intermediate effect, and a final grace or an ultimate fruit.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1480
    nanos: 464000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1494
    nanos: 703000000
  text: In this video, we'll focus on how the intermediate effect of the Eucharist, that is that the bread and wine at mass are truly changed into the body and blood of Christ, produces its ultimate effect in you if you receive the Eucharist worthily.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1494
    nanos: 703000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1498
    nanos: 363000000
  text: We'll have a separate video about receiving the Eucharist worthily.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1498
    nanos: 363000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1505
    nanos: 224000000
  text: The key starting point for Saint Thomas Aquinas is that the Eucharist is truly the body and blood of Christ.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1505
    nanos: 224000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1512
    nanos: 783000000
  text: That means that when you eat the Eucharist, you are really receiving Jesus Christ in person.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1512
    nanos: 783000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1515
    nanos: 23000000
  text: Aquinas' conclusion is simple.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1515
    nanos: 23000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1529
    nanos: 103000000
  text: Christ is contained in the Eucharist, and so when he comes into your soul in holy communion, he bestows on you in particular what he bestowed on the whole world by his incarnation.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1529
    nanos: 103000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1534
    nanos: 263000000
  text: Grace itself, salvation itself, eternal life itself.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1534
    nanos: 263000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1544
    nanos: 583000000
  text: Jesus himself tells us this in chapter six of John's gospel, "He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me and I in him.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1544
    nanos: 583000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1573
    nanos: 683000000
  text: As the living Father sent me and I live because of the Father, so he who eats me will live because of me." The Father sent Jesus into the world in visible flesh to give life to the world, to pour out on the world the grace of salvation, and Jesus likewise comes to you sacramentally through the sacramental rite of the mass and the change of the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1573
    nanos: 683000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1584
    nanos: 243000000
  text: And that means that when you eat the Eucharist, Jesus brings about in you the same effect that he accomplished in the world in his incarnation.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1584
    nanos: 243000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1588
    nanos: 363000000
  text: He gives life to your soul and fills it with the grace of salvation.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1588
    nanos: 363000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1599
    nanos: 423000000
  text: Saint Thomas puts this another way, quoting Saint Cyril of Alexandria, "In the incarnation, the human flesh of Christ is united to the divine word of God, who is the very source of all life.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1599
    nanos: 423000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1614
    nanos: 123000000
  text: And therefore, when we receive the body of Christ in the Eucharist, that supernatural life of the word is united to our bodies as well." This is the beginning of the gift of immortality and the destruction of our death.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1614
    nanos: 123000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1616
    nanos: 603000000
  text: Death could not defeat Jesus.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1616
    nanos: 603000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1625
    nanos: 143000000
  text: After his passion, he rose victorious over death in his human body, and he now possesses an unconquerable and eternal life.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1625
    nanos: 143000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1632
    nanos: 603000000
  text: This very life enters into our bodies too when we eat the body of Christ.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1632
    nanos: 603000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1643
    nanos: 203000000
  text: In fact, Saint Ignatius of Antioch, who was martyred in Rome in the early 2nd century, wrote that the Eucharist is the medicine of immortality and the antidote to death.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1643
    nanos: 203000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1645
    nanos: 843000000
  text: And Saint Thomas explains why.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1645
    nanos: 843000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1652
    nanos: 383000000
  text: It's because in receiving the Eucharist, we receive Jesus himself, the word incarnate.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1652
    nanos: 383000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1658
    nanos: 43000000
  text: We receive into our bodies the seed of our future resurrection from the dead.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1658
    nanos: 43000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1659
    nanos: 863000000
  text: There's no Gnosticism here.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1659
    nanos: 863000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1671
    nanos: 43000000
  text: Aquinas doesn't think that the Eucharist has only a spiritual effect on us, and Christianity is not dualistic as if it were trying to escape the body in the pursuit of some purely spiritual realm.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1671
    nanos: 43000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1681
    nanos: 443000000
  text: Rather, Christianity believes that the word became flesh in the womb of the Blessed Virgin Mary and that the Eucharist is true food, truly the body of Christ.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1681
    nanos: 443000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1693
    nanos: 783000000
  text: We receive the grace and life of Christ, a share in his divinity itself, precisely as we eat the sacramental body of Christ with our bodies.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1693
    nanos: 783000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1700
    nanos: 183000000
  text: It's important to see that for Aquinas, the Eucharist is not some supernatural thing apart from Christ.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1700
    nanos: 183000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1706
    nanos: 983000000
  text: Aquinas' logic is that we receive life precisely because we receive Christ himself in person.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1706
    nanos: 983000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1713
    nanos: 263000000
  text: By eating his body, we take his very self into our very selves.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1713
    nanos: 263000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1720
    nanos: 163000000
  text: We're united to him, we have a profound communion with him, and we're incorporated into him, into his body.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1720
    nanos: 163000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1723
    nanos: 863000000
  text: We become parts or members of the body of Christ.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1723
    nanos: 863000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1725
    nanos: 683000000
  text: This brings us back to Saint Augustine.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1725
    nanos: 683000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1733
    nanos: 423000000
  text: We don't change this food into us, but we are changed into Christ, into the body of Christ.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1733
    nanos: 423000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1734
    nanos: 243000000
  text: It's amazing.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1734
    nanos: 243000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1742
    nanos: 623000000
  text: Jesus takes bread and wine and changes it into his body and blood so that he can work this wonderful change in us.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1742
    nanos: 623000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1747
    nanos: 43000000
  text: Of course, receiving the Eucharist is not merely a physical act.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1747
    nanos: 43000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1748
    nanos: 923000000
  text: It needs to be a spiritual act too.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1748
    nanos: 923000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1751
    nanos: 343000000
  text: We'll have more to say on that in another video.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1751
    nanos: 343000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1755
    nanos: 703000000
  text: We must receive the Eucharist with faith and love for it to have its full effect.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1755
    nanos: 703000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1763
    nanos: 123000000
  text: That's because in the Eucharist, we receive not only the body of Christ, but also his soul and his divinity.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1763
    nanos: 123000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1774
    nanos: 943000000
  text: The Eucharist produces a union between the whole Christ and us, and that unity ultimately consists in love, supernatural love or charity.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1774
    nanos: 943000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1788
    nanos: 643000000
  text: For Aquinas, this supernatural charity is the ultimate measure of the Christian life, and it's what brings about our true union with and indeed our possession and enjoyment of God Himself.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1788
    nanos: 643000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1799
    nanos: 503000000
  text: And because the Eucharist gives us a communion in Christ, it also at the same time gives us a communion in the body of Christ, which is the church.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1799
    nanos: 503000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1806
    nanos: 503000000
  text: Indeed, that communion of believers in Christ is the unity wrought by the Holy Spirit who is love.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1806
    nanos: 503000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1809
    nanos: 463000000
  text: It's a communion in Christ, in love.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1809
    nanos: 463000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1814
    nanos: 483000000
  text: Love for God, love for Jesus, and love for one another.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1814
    nanos: 483000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1822
    nanos: 543000000
  text: And it produces the unity and peace that proceeds from the bond of love, which is why the Eucharist is called the sacrament of unity.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1822
    nanos: 543000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1826
    nanos: 723000000
  text: It's the cause and the source of the church's unity.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1826
    nanos: 723000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1845
    nanos: 201000000
  text: 'We can sum up the effect of the Eucharist on the person who eats it in this way.Because it''s the Son of God in person, the Eucharist produces the same effect as did the coming of the Son into our world: salvation itself and eternal life.'
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1845
    nanos: 201000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1851
    nanos: 762000000
  text: For readings, podcasts, and more videos like this, go to Aquinas101.com.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1851
    nanos: 762000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1861
    nanos: 701000000
  text: While you're there be sure to sign up for one of our free video courses on Aquinas, and don't forget to subscribe, like, and share with your friends because it matters what you think.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1861
    nanos: 701000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1881
    nanos: 221000000
  text: Can the suffering and death of Jesus Christ on the cross, which happened in Jerusalem 2,000 years ago, be present to us today?
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1881
    nanos: 221000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1883
    nanos: 581000000
  text: The Catholic Church answers yes.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1883
    nanos: 581000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1897
    nanos: 481000000
  text: Even though the historical moment of the Passion of Jesus is in the past, it is made present to us, not only in our memories, not only when we read about it in Scripture, and not only when the grace of Christ is given to us.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1897
    nanos: 481000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1905
    nanos: 881000000
  text: Above all, Jesus Himself left us a special way in which His passion is made present to us today and becomes effective in us.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1905
    nanos: 881000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1911
    nanos: 281000000
  text: It's in the sacraments, and above all, in the Sacrament of his passion, which is the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1911
    nanos: 281000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1916
    nanos: 661000000
  text: He instituted the Eucharist with His disciples at the Last Supper, the night before His crucifixion.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1916
    nanos: 661000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1927
    nanos: 781000000
  text: And when he did so, He told them, "Do this in memory of me." And the Church has been following this command of the Lord ever since in the Mass, which is the celebration of the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1927
    nanos: 781000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1931
    nanos: 781000000
  text: Saint Thomas Aquinas has something magnificent to say about this.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1931
    nanos: 781000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1943
    nanos: 561000000
  text: He writes in his Summa Theologiae that the Eucharist, quote, "Works in man the effect which Christ's passion brought in the world." But what does this mean?
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1943
    nanos: 561000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1963
    nanos: 341000000
  text: In order to understand how Saint Thomas Aquinas, and the Catholic Church more generally, thinks about this, it's important to remember that the Eucharist is a sacrament.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1963
    nanos: 341000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1967
    nanos: 701000000
  text: A sacrament is a holy sign that causes what it signifies.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1967
    nanos: 701000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1971
    nanos: 381000000
  text: That is, it causes what it points to and represents.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1971
    nanos: 381000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1975
    nanos: 161000000
  text: And in fact, the sacrament causes through signifying.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1975
    nanos: 161000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1991
    nanos: 581000000
  text: In this sacramental way of thinking, because the Eucharist signifies sacramentally the Passion of Christ, it therefore makes the sacrifice of Christ present to us in a sacramental mode and works its effect in us.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1991
    nanos: 581000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1992
    nanos: 841000000
  text: Let's unpack that.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1992
    nanos: 841000000
  end_time:
    secs: 1996
    nanos: 321000000
  text: Think of what happens at the celebration of the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 1996
    nanos: 321000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2003
    nanos: 861000000
  text: A priest takes bread and wine and pronounces over them the very same words that Jesus used at the Last Supper, "This is my body.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2003
    nanos: 861000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2005
    nanos: 681000000
  text: This is the chalice of my blood.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2005
    nanos: 681000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2012
    nanos: 541000000
  text: Do this in memory of me." The Last Supper is explicitly the model for what happens at Mass.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2012
    nanos: 541000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2014
    nanos: 701000000
  text: We're doing what Jesus told us to do.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2014
    nanos: 701000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2020
    nanos: 741000000
  text: In order to understand this, we should go back to the Last Supper and its rich symbolism.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2020
    nanos: 741000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2025
    nanos: 21000000
  text: Jesus gathered His disciples for a special Passover meal.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2025
    nanos: 21000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2026
    nanos: 941000000
  text: It was the evening before His death.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2026
    nanos: 941000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2038
    nanos: 381000000
  text: And, of course, in the background is the Jewish Feast of Passover, which itself harkens back to the commands God gave to Moses when He brought His people out of slavery in Egypt.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2038
    nanos: 381000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2041
    nanos: 441000000
  text: We read about this in chapter 12 of the Book of Exodus.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2041
    nanos: 441000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2047
    nanos: 301000000
  text: God commands Moses that each family must select an unblemished male lamb, free of defects.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2047
    nanos: 301000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2056
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  text: Then they are to sacrifice the lamb and collect its blood in order to put its blood on the doorposts and lintels of each of their houses.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2056
    nanos: 101000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2063
    nanos: 101000000
  text: The Old Testament has a lot to say about the importance of the blood in any sacrifice, and especially this one.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2063
    nanos: 101000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2070
    nanos: 281000000
  text: The blood represents the life of the animal, and it's the key component in the sacrifice.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2070
    nanos: 281000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2084
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  text: Much later, after the temple is built in Jerusalem, the Passover sacrifice calls for a Jewish priest to take the blood from the slaughtered lamb and to pour it out on the altar of sacrifice in the temple.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2084
    nanos: 581000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2087
    nanos: 561000000
  text: But there's another key element in the Passover meal.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2087
    nanos: 561000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2094
    nanos: 701000000
  text: Each member of the family must eat the roasted flesh of the lamb, along with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2094
    nanos: 701000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2107
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  text: This eating of the lamb is crucial, and it helps us to understand the wider context in the Old Testament, and in fact, in many other ancient religious traditions for a sacrifice like this.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2107
    nanos: 41000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2122
    nanos: 441000000
  text: It was important for ancient religions not only to slaughter an animal in sacrifice, but that those who were to share in the sacrifice needed to eat a portion of the roasted flesh in a ritual meal.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2122
    nanos: 441000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2126
    nanos: 601000000
  text: And this is what the Passover meal was accomplishing for the Israelites.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2126
    nanos: 601000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2132
    nanos: 281000000
  text: It signified that they were the inheritors of the covenant promises of God.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2132
    nanos: 281000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2143
    nanos: 421000000
  text: 'So to sum up, the Passover had several key elements: the sacrificial death of an unblemished lamb, the anointing of homes with the blood of the lamb, and the eating of the flesh of the lamb.'
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2143
    nanos: 421000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2150
    nanos: 601000000
  text: Now, at the Last Supper, which is a Passover meal with His disciples, Jesus institutes a new covenant.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2150
    nanos: 601000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2156
    nanos: 581000000
  text: He takes bread and wine and changes it by His divine power into His body and His blood.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2156
    nanos: 581000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2179
    nanos: 321000000
  text: And with the chalice, He says, "This is the chalice of my blood, the blood of the new and eternal covenant, which will be poured out for you and for many for the forgiveness of sins." Jesus is reconfiguring all of the sacrifices of the Old Testament, and especially of the Passover, the most important sacrifice, around Himself.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2179
    nanos: 321000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2188
    nanos: 861000000
  text: He's establishing a new covenant in His blood, and that calls for a new sacrifice and a new ritual sacrificial meal.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2188
    nanos: 861000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2192
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  text: '"Do this in memory of me," He says.'
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2192
    nanos: 101000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2198
    nanos: 184000000
  text: It's also clear that Jesus is speaking about what He's doing at the Last Supper......
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2198
    nanos: 184000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2202
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  text: as an anticipation of what he's about to do on the cross.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2202
    nanos: 584000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2204
    nanos: 584000000
  text: It's a sacrifice in his blood.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2204
    nanos: 584000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2207
    nanos: 703000000
  text: He thinks it's the same sacrifice as the cross.
  speaker: speaker_1
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    secs: 2207
    nanos: 703000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2222
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  text: He offers that sacrifice at the Last Supper in an unbloody and sacramental mode under the appearances of bread and wine, and then he offers the very same sacrifice a few hours later in a bloody mode on the cross.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2222
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  end_time:
    secs: 2235
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  text: This means that when we celebrate mass, according to the command of the Lord, we are making present again in a sacramental mode precisely what Jesus did at the Last Supper, and therefore at the cross.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2235
    nanos: 643000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2241
    nanos: 664000000
  text: He is offering the sacrifice of his body and blood to the Father for the salvation of the world.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2241
    nanos: 664000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2252
    nanos: 664000000
  text: In other words, the mass is simply extending this sacramental mode into the present for us so that we can receive it in the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2252
    nanos: 664000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2262
    nanos: 783000000
  text: And this is why Aquinas says that the whole effect of the passion for the world is the same as the effect of the Eucharist in us when we receive it.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2262
    nanos: 783000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2278
    nanos: 903000000
  text: And our sacramental eating and drinking of the Eucharist is our participation in this Paschal feast, this feast that celebrates the new covenant instituted by Jesus, in a way that echoes and fulfills the ancient Passover sacrifice and ritual meal.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2278
    nanos: 903000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2283
    nanos: 583000000
  text: In this, we see how wonderfully God provides for his children.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2283
    nanos: 583000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2295
    nanos: 644000000
  text: He did so in a supreme way at the moment when Christ offered himself on the cross, and that sacrifice is sacramentally made present to us through time whenever the mass is celebrated.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2295
    nanos: 644000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2314
    nanos: 403000000
  text: And what is more, the effects of Christ's passion, that is the salvation of the world, the reconciliation of sinners, the pouring out of the love of Christ, and the gift of all his merits, all of this is applied to each person who receives the Eucharist worthily.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2314
    nanos: 403000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2317
    nanos: 363000000
  text: Notice how this is just like the Passover.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2317
    nanos: 363000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2325
    nanos: 863000000
  text: In order to share in the covenant, in order to participate in the sacrifice, you need to eat the Passover lamb.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2325
    nanos: 863000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2328
    nanos: 943000000
  text: You have to put its blood on your doors.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2328
    nanos: 943000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2331
    nanos: 483000000
  text: That is, it must mark your lips.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2331
    nanos: 483000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2336
    nanos: 203000000
  text: For the Christian, of course, all of this begins with baptism.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2336
    nanos: 203000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2340
    nanos: 303000000
  text: You're baptized into Christ's death and thus into his resurrection.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2340
    nanos: 303000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2353
    nanos: 203000000
  text: But it reaches its full perfection in the Eucharist as you share most fully in the power of his blood poured out for the remission of your sins and in his body, which is given up for you.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2353
    nanos: 203000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2361
    nanos: 843000000
  text: Indeed, when you eat his flesh and drink his blood, he comes to dwell in you and makes you a member of himself.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2361
    nanos: 843000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2369
    nanos: 603000000
  text: For readings, podcasts, and more videos like this, go to Aquinas101.com.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2369
    nanos: 603000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2379
    nanos: 563000000
  text: While you're there, be sure to sign up for one of our free video courses on Aquinas, and don't forget to subscribe, like, and share with your friends because it matters what you think.
  speaker: speaker_1
- start_time:
    secs: 2386
    nanos: 983000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2394
    nanos: 263000000
  text: Do you need the Eucharist to be saved?
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2394
    nanos: 263000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2397
    nanos: 423000000
  text: How necessary is the Eucharist for our spiritual life?
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2397
    nanos: 423000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2401
    nanos: 283000000
  text: That's like asking how necessary food is for our physical life.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2401
    nanos: 283000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2405
    nanos: 103000000
  text: Let's find out about this great importance of the Eucharist for our salvation.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2405
    nanos: 103000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2426
    nanos: 343000000
  text: In John chapter 6, the Lord Jesus knows that some ask, "How can this man give us this flesh to eat?" He doubles down on the truthfulness of eating his flesh.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2426
    nanos: 343000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2447
    nanos: 123000000
  text: It is there that we hear, "Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you." Saint Thomas Aquinas comments by paraphrasing, as if to say, you think it is impossible and unbecoming to eat my flesh, but it is not only possible, it is very necessary.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2447
    nanos: 123000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2459
    nanos: 463000000
  text: Saint Thomas knows that the Eucharist is spiritual food, and spiritual food is necessary for the spiritual life to such an extent that without it, the spiritual life cannot be sustained.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2459
    nanos: 463000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2463
    nanos: 663000000
  text: Does that mean that anyone who does not receive the Eucharist cannot be saved?
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2463
    nanos: 663000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2465
    nanos: 283000000
  text: Not exactly.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2465
    nanos: 283000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2466
    nanos: 303000000
  text: How so?
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2466
    nanos: 303000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2472
    nanos: 83000000
  text: Let's compare the necessity of salvation in the Eucharist with the necessity of salvation in baptism.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2472
    nanos: 83000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2477
    nanos: 383000000
  text: Baptism is the first sacrament, and baptism is necessary for salvation.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2477
    nanos: 383000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2490
    nanos: 23000000
  text: The normal way of being baptized is by water and the Holy Spirit, but there are other ways to receive the grace of baptism, such as someone dying for the faith or a catechumen who dies desiring to receive baptism.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2490
    nanos: 23000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2495
    nanos: 343000000
  text: In neither of those cases is there water, but in each, the grace of baptism is still present.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2495
    nanos: 343000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2506
    nanos: 423000000
  text: When we consider the Eucharist, which presupposes our baptism, we can call to mind that the Eucharist conveys the grace of the unity of the mystical body, without which no one may be saved.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2506
    nanos: 423000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2514
    nanos: 703000000
  text: Saint Thomas teaches that the baptized who die before receiving the Eucharist may be saved by the grace of desire for the sacrament's reality.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2514
    nanos: 703000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2526
    nanos: 283000000
  text: In other words, one may receive the grace of the sacrament of the Eucharist through a desire for it, just as one may receive the grace of the sacrament of baptism through a desire for it.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2526
    nanos: 283000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2530
    nanos: 123000000
  text: Baptism is necessary for the beginning of the spiritual life.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2530
    nanos: 123000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2535
    nanos: 323000000
  text: The Eucharist is necessary for the consummation or perfection of the spiritual life.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2535
    nanos: 323000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2544
    nanos: 243000000
  text: The beginning is order to the end, or perfection, and so all those baptized are in some way ordered to the Eucharist, which is the sacrament of sacraments.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2544
    nanos: 243000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2550
    nanos: 683000000
  text: Take the example of a child who is baptized, but who sadly dies before receiving the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2550
    nanos: 683000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2561
    nanos: 323000000
  text: Saint Thomas teaches that a baptized child is ordered to the Eucharist and may receive the grace of that sacrament's reality by the church's intention expressed in the sacramental life.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2561
    nanos: 323000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2566
    nanos: 143000000
  text: A baptized child need not receive the sacrament of the Eucharist in order to be saved.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2566
    nanos: 143000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2582
    nanos: 589000000
  text: Indeed.Just as there are other ways of receiving the grace of baptism without water, so Saint Thomas teaches that if one does not receive the Eucharist in a sacramental manner, that one may still receive the grace of the Eucharist in a spiritual manner.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2582
    nanos: 589000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2590
    nanos: 829000000
  text: The Eucharist is indeed given for our salvation, principally because this sacrament is Christ himself, our Savior.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2590
    nanos: 829000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2594
    nanos: 709000000
  text: Saint Thomas loves to consider the Eucharist's quality as food.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2594
    nanos: 709000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2599
    nanos: 589000000
  text: He differentiates physical food from spiritual food in this way.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2599
    nanos: 589000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2607
    nanos: 869000000
  text: Physical food is changed into the substance of the person nourished, but spiritual food changes us into itself.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2607
    nanos: 869000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2611
    nanos: 369000000
  text: We receive Christ himself as spiritual food.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2611
    nanos: 369000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2620
    nanos: 909000000
  text: Our salvation is for us in becoming the body of Christ, as his very members or as branches on him who is divine.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2620
    nanos: 909000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2624
    nanos: 350000000
  text: We are saved by being in him.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2624
    nanos: 350000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2631
    nanos: 10000000
  text: The liturgy of the Mass instructs us about our salvation when making present the mystery of the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2631
    nanos: 10000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2658
    nanos: 509000000
  text: The Catholic Church's first Eucharistic prayer, the Roman Canon, calls the Eucharist, "The holy bread of eternal life and the chalice of everlasting salvation." Also, in the first Eucharistic prayer, the priest prays to God that, "All of us who through this participation at the altar receive the most holy body and blood of your Son may be filled with every grace and blessing." Christ wants to be in us for our healing and salvation.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2658
    nanos: 509000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2679
    nanos: 849000000
  text: Before receiving communion, after the priest calls blessed those who are called to the supper of the Lamb, the faithful pray, "Lord, I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof, but only say the word and my soul shall be healed." After receiving communion, we thank God for the great gift that we received.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2679
    nanos: 849000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2687
    nanos: 450000000
  text: In our gratitude to God, we can pray the beginning of the prayer after communion that has been attributed to Saint Thomas Aquinas.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2687
    nanos: 450000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2703
    nanos: 849000000
  text: '"I thank you, Lord, Almighty Father, everlasting God, for having been pleased through no merit of mine, but of your great mercy alone, to feed me, a sinner and your unworthy servant, with the precious body and blood of your Son, our Lord Jesus Christ.'
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2703
    nanos: 849000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2717
    nanos: 950000000
  text: I pray that this holy communion may not be for my judgment and condemnation, but for my pardon and salvation." In the Eucharist, Christ comes to be our bread of life so that way we may be healed.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2717
    nanos: 950000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2722
    nanos: 909000000
  text: In Christ, present in the Eucharist, we find the fullness of salvation.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2722
    nanos: 909000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2730
    nanos: 110000000
  text: For readings, podcasts, and more videos like this, go to Aquinas101.com.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2730
    nanos: 110000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2734
    nanos: 550000000
  text: While you're there, be sure to sign up for one of our free video courses on Aquinas.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2734
    nanos: 550000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2740
    nanos: 249000000
  text: And don't forget to subscribe, like, and share with your friends because it matters what you think.
  speaker: speaker_0
- start_time:
    secs: 2752
    nanos: 709000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2768
    nanos: 589000000
  text: The greatest gift God has given the world is the Eucharist, and to receive holy communion even once is a gift of inestimable value, for the Eucharist is truly the body, blood, soul, and divinity of Jesus Christ himself present in our midst.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2768
    nanos: 589000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2787
    nanos: 89000000
  text: And Jesus Christ taught us, "Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me and I in him." The Eucharist actually causes the life of grace to grow in our souls, but our state of mind and heart also makes a difference in how fruitful the sacrament is when we receive it.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2787
    nanos: 89000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2792
    nanos: 889000000
  text: So, let's talk about the spiritual dispositions necessary for a fruitful holy communion.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2792
    nanos: 889000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2794
    nanos: 509000000
  text: Jesus Christ is the source of all grace, and he has established sacraments in his Church so that through them you and I might receive his saving grace from on high.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2794
    nanos: 509000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2795
    nanos: 489000000
  text: All of the seven sacraments give grace in one way or another.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2795
    nanos: 489000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2795
    nanos: 589000000
  text: Each is an instrumental cause of grace in our souls, and each has its own proper effects on us.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2795
    nanos: 589000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2795
    nanos: 749000000
  text: The Eucharist, however, is the greatest sacrament of them all, for the Eucharist is nothing less than the sacrifice Jesus Christ himself offered once and for all on Calvary.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2795
    nanos: 749000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2795
    nanos: 969000000
  text: The Eucharist is also the real presence of Jesus Christ, and in this great sacrament, he shares with us his very being, his life, his body, blood, soul, and divinity.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2795
    nanos: 969000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2796
    nanos: 449000000
  text: Thanks to his real presence in the Eucharist, when you and I receive holy communion Jesus Christ himself says in effect, "Here, I am yours." Who could comprehend the impact of such a gift?
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2796
    nanos: 449000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2799
    nanos: 109000000
  text: The wonder of it all is rather beyond words, yet the Fathers of the Church have taught us many things about the wonderful effects of holy communion, and Saint Thomas sums up their teachings succinctly.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2799
    nanos: 109000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2879
    nanos: 469000000
  text: The primary effect of the Eucharist is to enkindle in our hearts the fire of divine love.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2879
    nanos: 469000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2884
    nanos: 669000000
  text: Holy communion also works to knit our hearts together in love.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2884
    nanos: 669000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2895
    nanos: 509000000
  text: Holy communion unites all the members of the mystical body of Christ in Heaven and on Earth into one supernatural fellowship with the Most High God.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2895
    nanos: 509000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2907
    nanos: 989000000
  text: Holy communion also forgives venial sin, preserves us from future sin, gives increase to the virtues, grows the life of sanctifying grace in our souls, and has many more wonderful effects.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2907
    nanos: 989000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2912
    nanos: 49000000
  text: Now, let's ponder ordinary causes and effects for a moment.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2912
    nanos: 49000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2917
    nanos: 329000000
  text: When natural causes produce their effects, the effects come about under certain conditions.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2917
    nanos: 329000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2920
    nanos: 949000000
  text: Those conditions in turn modify the effect in various ways.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2920
    nanos: 949000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2928
    nanos: 69000000
  text: When a flame touches dry paper, the paper catches on fire easily and the fire grows bright quickly.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2928
    nanos: 69000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2938
    nanos: 423000000
  text: When a flame touches damp paper, however, the paper might barely catch on fire and perhaps even just smolders.The conditions of the paper make a difference in the effect.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2938
    nanos: 423000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2948
    nanos: 883000000
  text: When grass seed is scattered in good soil and good climate conditions, with the right sort of nutrients and the right amount of water, the seed yields a thick green field of grass.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2948
    nanos: 883000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2957
    nanos: 343000000
  text: When grass seed is scattered in poor soil and poor climate conditions, however, the seed yields much less grass, and perhaps hardly any.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2957
    nanos: 343000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2959
    nanos: 423000000
  text: So too it is with holy communion.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2959
    nanos: 423000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2966
    nanos: 664000000
  text: When certain conditions are present in the recipient, holy communion works great effects and bears great fruit in the soul.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2966
    nanos: 664000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2971
    nanos: 764000000
  text: Under other conditions in the recipient, however, holy communion bears less fruit.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2971
    nanos: 764000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2978
    nanos: 264000000
  text: The conditions for a fruitful holy communion are sometimes called the spiritual dispositions of the recipient.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2978
    nanos: 264000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2986
    nanos: 3000000
  text: The spiritual dispositions are certain qualities of mind and heart that make the soul more receptive to the grace of the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2986
    nanos: 3000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2992
    nanos: 704000000
  text: Obviously, we want to cultivate these qualities with the help of God's grace when approaching holy communion.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2992
    nanos: 704000000
  end_time:
    secs: 2994
    nanos: 803000000
  text: But what are they, specifically?
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 2994
    nanos: 803000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3001
    nanos: 783000000
  text: The most minimal and absolutely necessary spiritual disposition is to be in a state of sanctifying grace.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3001
    nanos: 783000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3016
    nanos: 323000000
  text: We have discussed this point in other videos, so we will not say more here, except that scripture and tradition both warn of the death-dealing consequences of receiving holy communion in a state of serious sin without repentance.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3016
    nanos: 323000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3026
    nanos: 403000000
  text: Provided there is no serious question of mortal sin on one's soul, there are five further spiritual dispositions to consider and call upon God to receive.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3026
    nanos: 403000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3029
    nanos: 203000000
  text: The first is a living faith in the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3029
    nanos: 203000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3036
    nanos: 603000000
  text: Faith in the real presence is most favorable to coming under the influence of the working power in the sacrament.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3036
    nanos: 603000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3045
    nanos: 143000000
  text: It is good to recall often, but especially in preparation before mass, how the appearances of bread and wine are merely appearances.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3045
    nanos: 143000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3050
    nanos: 263000000
  text: In reality, the sacrament is truly the body and blood of Jesus Christ himself.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3050
    nanos: 263000000
  end_time:
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    nanos: 763000000
  text: In this sacrament, God himself comes to us in love and floods us with his grace.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3055
    nanos: 763000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3073
    nanos: 283000000
  text: One might even remember the words of Saint Thomas about the Eucharist, "Godhead here in hiding, whom I do adore." Even if one does not have a lively sense of the real presence, one might at least consider the teaching on the real presence and make a fresh act of faith in the mystery.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3073
    nanos: 283000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3077
    nanos: 883000000
  text: One should also ask for the grace of a livelier sense of the real presence.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3077
    nanos: 883000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3081
    nanos: 323000000
  text: The second disposition is humility before the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3081
    nanos: 323000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3085
    nanos: 23000000
  text: To receive holy communion is a gratuitous gift.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3085
    nanos: 23000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3092
    nanos: 863000000
  text: It is not something owed to us as a matter of natural justice, but is bestowed on us as a matter of supernatural grace.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3092
    nanos: 863000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3098
    nanos: 523000000
  text: At the last supper, the Lord Jesus humbled his disciples when he stooped down to wash their feet.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3098
    nanos: 523000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3103
    nanos: 423000000
  text: In the mass, however, he does something far greater than wash our physical feet.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3103
    nanos: 423000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3110
    nanos: 783000000
  text: Jesus Christ, God himself, shares his own eternal and divine life with us in holy communion.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3110
    nanos: 783000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3116
    nanos: 203000000
  text: Humility remembers that we are but finite little creatures in comparison to God.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3116
    nanos: 203000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3122
    nanos: 963000000
  text: Humility acknowledges how undeserved is the great love coming to us in this sacrament.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3122
    nanos: 963000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3132
    nanos: 903000000
  text: The acknowledgement of his gratuitous love shown to us in this sacrament in turn opens the heart for his love to work wonders in our souls.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3132
    nanos: 903000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3136
    nanos: 303000000
  text: The third disposition is confidence in the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3136
    nanos: 303000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3141
    nanos: 323000000
  text: Confidence consists of counting on God for good things to come.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3141
    nanos: 323000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3147
    nanos: 643000000
  text: And the best way to approach holy communion is to be full of expectation for his grace.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3147
    nanos: 643000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3155
    nanos: 3000000
  text: Indeed, the sacrament always gives grace, regardless of the dispositions of either the minister or the recipient.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3155
    nanos: 3000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3160
    nanos: 723000000
  text: Our confidence should be in God, even if we are not as well prepared as we would like to be.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3160
    nanos: 723000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3165
    nanos: 803000000
  text: Having good spiritual dispositions matters, but holiness is not about us.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3165
    nanos: 803000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3167
    nanos: 383000000
  text: It's about God.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3167
    nanos: 383000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3175
    nanos: 963000000
  text: It is about how God works in our lives, how God sanctifies us, even though we are often so poorly prepared to receive him.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3175
    nanos: 963000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3187
    nanos: 483000000
  text: So, when we approach holy communion, let us keep our eyes fixed on Jesus, who loves us, and confide completely in the power of the bread from heaven.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3187
    nanos: 483000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3190
    nanos: 723000000
  text: The fourth disposition is desire for the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3190
    nanos: 723000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3193
    nanos: 683000000
  text: Friends desire to be in one another's company.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3193
    nanos: 683000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3200
    nanos: 323000000
  text: '"With desire have I desired to eat this pass with you," Jesus said at the last supper.'
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3200
    nanos: 323000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3203
    nanos: 383000000
  text: And when he said those words, he was speaking to you.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3203
    nanos: 383000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3204
    nanos: 903000000
  text: He had you in mind.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3204
    nanos: 903000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3210
    nanos: 943000000
  text: The Lord Jesus instituted the sacrament to gladden our hearts with himself, with God.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3210
    nanos: 943000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3220
    nanos: 563000000
  text: The only appropriate response to such a mystery is to desire the sacrament, to desire his love and grace, to desire God.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3220
    nanos: 563000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3229
    nanos: 603000000
  text: The more our hearts burn with desire for him as we approach the Eucharist, the more we shall receive from his fullness, grace upon grace.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3229
    nanos: 603000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3233
    nanos: 63000000
  text: The fifth disposition is reverence for the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3233
    nanos: 63000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3237
    nanos: 723000000
  text: For Saint Thomas Aquinas, reverence is primarily interior.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3237
    nanos: 723000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3239
    nanos: 803000000
  text: It is an act of the intellect.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3239
    nanos: 803000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3244
    nanos: 483000000
  text: Reverence is the acknowledgement of the greatness and the majesty of God.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3244
    nanos: 483000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3250
    nanos: 483000000
  text: Such interior reverence spontaneously shows itself in certain physical signs and gestures.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3250
    nanos: 483000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3256
    nanos: 23000000
  text: Dressing well when we go to mass, for example, expresses our interior reverence for God.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3256
    nanos: 23000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3259
    nanos: 623000000
  text: So too does the proper posture of our bodies at mass.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3259
    nanos: 623000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3265
    nanos: 763000000
  text: So too does making the sign of the cross upon entering the church and genuflecting before the tabernacle.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3265
    nanos: 763000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3269
    nanos: 143000000
  text: So too does the manner in which we receive holy communion.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3269
    nanos: 143000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3276
    nanos: 943000000
  text: In the ancient church, receiving on the hand was customary in some places, but the practice eventually faded away.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3276
    nanos: 943000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3285
    nanos: 203000000
  text: Receiving on the tongue became the universal practice of the church in both the East and West for over a thousand years.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3285
    nanos: 203000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3290
    nanos: 523000000
  text: Recently, however, receiving on the hand was reintroduced in the Western church.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3290
    nanos: 523000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3297
    nanos: 803000000
  text: Although it is not prohibited in the Latin rite, receiving on the tongue remains a most commendable practice.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3297
    nanos: 803000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3302
    nanos: 283000000
  text: Receiving on the tongue expresses a special reverence for the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_2
- start_time:
    secs: 3302
    nanos: 585000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3302
    nanos: 585000000
  text: '...'
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3302
    nanos: 585000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3306
    nanos: 985000000
  text: and prepares a person for a particular receptivity to grace.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3306
    nanos: 985000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3311
    nanos: 26000000
  text: Receiving on the tongue remains the norm in the Eastern rites.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3311
    nanos: 26000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3321
    nanos: 366000000
  text: All in all, the spiritual dispositions we need for a fruitful Holy Communion are faith, humility, confidence, desire, and reverence.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3321
    nanos: 366000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3328
    nanos: 125000000
  text: With qualities of mind and heart such as these, what marvels the Eucharist shall work for us?
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3328
    nanos: 125000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3335
    nanos: 405000000
  text: For readings, podcasts, and more videos like this, go to Aquinas101.com.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3335
    nanos: 405000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3339
    nanos: 345000000
  text: While you're there, be sure to sign up for one of our free video courses on Aquinas.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3339
    nanos: 345000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3344
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  text: And don't forget to subscribe, like, and share with your friends, because it matters what you think.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3344
    nanos: 985000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3363
    nanos: 405000000
  text: When God heals me and saves me, is He like a surgeon who works on me while I'm under general anesthesia?
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3363
    nanos: 405000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3368
    nanos: 365000000
  text: Or is He like a coach, who teaches me what to do and inspires me to do it?
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3368
    nanos: 365000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3370
    nanos: 585000000
  text: Well, He works in both ways.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3370
    nanos: 585000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3377
    nanos: 625000000
  text: In this video, we'll look at how God works through the Mass like a coach to prepare us to receive the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3377
    nanos: 625000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3383
    nanos: 345000000
  text: We'll also explore how the Mass can benefit those not actually present when it is celebrated.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3383
    nanos: 345000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3397
    nanos: 765000000
  text: So why do I need to be prepared to receive the Eucharist in the first place?
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3397
    nanos: 765000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3409
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  text: Well, because the Eucharist is the body and blood, soul and divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ, and receiving Jesus at Mass is a profound act of reason and will.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3409
    nanos: 865000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3416
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  text: That is, of reason and will elevated by grace in faith and charity.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3416
    nanos: 25000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3428
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  text: If we don't know what we are doing or we don't believe in Jesus, receiving the Eucharist would be pointless, even an offense against God, because the Eucharist should never be rendered pointless.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3428
    nanos: 405000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3429
    nanos: 885000000
  text: So we have to be prepared.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3429
    nanos: 885000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3450
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  text: If we had any doubts about that, Saint Paul would set us right where he says in his first letter to the Corinthians, "Whoever, therefore, eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of profaning the body and blood of the Lord." How then are we prepared by God to receive the Eucharist?
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3450
    nanos: 625000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3454
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  text: Well, let's compare receiving the Eucharist to undergoing surgery.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3454
    nanos: 625000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3460
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  text: During surgery, you, the patient, are typically unconscious, thanks to general anesthesia.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3460
    nanos: 25000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3466
    nanos: 965000000
  text: As the surgeon repairs and heals you, you're entirely passive and simply receiving the care of a medical professional.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3466
    nanos: 965000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3473
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  text: Our reception of the body and blood, soul and divinity of Jesus Christ in the Eucharist is not entirely like that.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3473
    nanos: 725000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3480
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  text: On one hand, much like a good surgeon, God does repair and heal us in a way that we are totally passive to.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3480
    nanos: 565000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3486
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  text: We receive His loving care and are healed by His grace and we contribute nothing.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3486
    nanos: 365000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3494
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  text: But on the other hand, once we are healed by His grace, we still need His grace to flourish as a son or daughter of God.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3494
    nanos: 285000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3500
    nanos: 285000000
  text: This is where God acts like a coach who teaches us what to do and inspires us to do it.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3500
    nanos: 285000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3506
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  text: Our salvation comes through faith in Jesus Christ, which means that we have to know about Jesus.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3506
    nanos: 745000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3512
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  text: We are saved by coming to accept the truth and then living by it.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3512
    nanos: 105000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3515
    nanos: 625000000
  text: Salvation is an appeal to our minds.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3515
    nanos: 625000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3520
    nanos: 465000000
  text: What we know, what we think, what we believe changes everything.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3520
    nanos: 465000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3525
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  text: Contrast our situation as rational beings with the situation of non-rational beings.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3525
    nanos: 665000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3531
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  text: We might almost prefer to be treated like a stone that is lifted up and put in a higher place.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3531
    nanos: 425000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3533
    nanos: 45000000
  text: The stone cannot resist.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3533
    nanos: 45000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3536
    nanos: 845000000
  text: It cannot lose its way because it makes no decisions.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3536
    nanos: 845000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3541
    nanos: 165000000
  text: By contrast, we can decide not to follow God.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3541
    nanos: 165000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3552
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  text: But God wishes to save us not only from the outside, as an exterior force lifts a stone, He wishes for us to be transformed by faith and love, to become like Him.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3552
    nanos: 685000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3556
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  text: We are saved by becoming like Christ, our Lord.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3556
    nanos: 65000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3561
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  text: Saint Thomas Aquinas gives us some key insights on preparing to receive the Eucharist worthily.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3561
    nanos: 305000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3564
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  text: First, he observes that we begin the Mass with praise.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3564
    nanos: 985000000
  end_time:
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  text: We either have a hymn or an entrance antiphon.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3567
    nanos: 905000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3574
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  text: Praise has the power to cut through the noise of our daily routine and wake us out of our self-absorption.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3574
    nanos: 885000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3577
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  text: And I don't mean only sinful self-absorption.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3577
    nanos: 965000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3583
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  text: Since we have to take care of ourselves, we naturally develop a default self-centered disposition.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3583
    nanos: 545000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3590
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  text: When we offer praise and thanks to Almighty God, we can take the focus off ourselves in a healthy way.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3590
    nanos: 605000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3593
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  text: Gratitude draws us out of self-pity.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3593
    nanos: 245000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3597
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  text: After all, happier people are not focused on themselves.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3597
    nanos: 685000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3602
    nanos: 185000000
  text: Next in the order of the Mass, notes Aquinas, we have the penitential rite.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3602
    nanos: 185000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3605
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  text: In the Mass, this action can forgive venial sins.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3605
    nanos: 825000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3613
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  text: This is critical because none of us is perfectly innocent, so we must enter into the Mass through an act of penitence.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3613
    nanos: 505000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3616
    nanos: 225000000
  text: Imagine if you could not be forgiven.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3616
    nanos: 225000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3622
    nanos: 185000000
  text: What if you had a loan debt, for example, and you kept slipping further and further behind?
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3622
    nanos: 185000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3624
    nanos: 465000000
  text: That would be intensely depressing.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3624
    nanos: 465000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3628
    nanos: 985000000
  text: We should always be grateful that the Lord Jesus is ready to forgive our sins.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3628
    nanos: 985000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3637
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  text: We should not hide, as Adam did after sinning, but should instead run to our Father, confess that we have sinned, and beg to be saved.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3637
    nanos: 845000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3644
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  text: Jesus tells us in a parable that He will receive us just as the prodigal son's father received him with joy.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3644
    nanos: 825000000
  end_time:
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  text: Then, also at the Mass, as Saint Thomas highlights, we have readings from Scripture.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3649
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  end_time:
    secs: 3653
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  text: That is, we are instructed by the very Word of God.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3653
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  end_time:
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  text: In this way, God makes an appeal to our intellects in saving us.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3657
    nanos: 825000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3661
    nanos: 865000000
  text: Listening to and learning from His Word is an act of reason.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3661
    nanos: 865000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3666
    nanos: 545000000
  text: Recall when Jesus appears to the two disciples on the road to Emmaus in Luke 24.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3666
    nanos: 545000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3671
    nanos: 88000000
  text: Before He breaks the bread, He opens their minds to the Scriptures....
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3671
    nanos: 88000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3673
    nanos: 607000000
  text: Then he disappears, remaining only in the bread.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3673
    nanos: 607000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3679
    nanos: 88000000
  text: Our minds need to be open to the scriptures before we receive the body of Christ.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3679
    nanos: 88000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3687
    nanos: 827000000
  text: We need constant reminders that we are made for glory because we live in a world that has been darkened by sin, including our own.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3687
    nanos: 827000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3691
    nanos: 907000000
  text: And then also, Aquinas notes, we profess the Creed during the Mass.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3691
    nanos: 907000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3700
    nanos: 107000000
  text: The Creed is the church's formal response to error, so at Mass, we have the privilege of saying it together as a community of faith.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3700
    nanos: 107000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3703
    nanos: 168000000
  text: We should be eager to say it and to say it together.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3703
    nanos: 168000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3706
    nanos: 927000000
  text: Why does this prepare us to receive Jesus in the Eucharist?
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3706
    nanos: 927000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3710
    nanos: 407000000
  text: Because receiving communion is a statement of faith.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3710
    nanos: 407000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3722
    nanos: 8000000
  text: You are saying by your actions that you believe all that is in the Creed, all that the church teaches, including the fact that Christ instituted the church to teach in his name.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3722
    nanos: 8000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3725
    nanos: 707000000
  text: If you don't believe that, then you shouldn't receive communion.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3725
    nanos: 707000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3733
    nanos: 687000000
  text: This is why Catholics practice closed communion and why only Catholics who are properly disposed are invited to receive the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3733
    nanos: 687000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3738
    nanos: 47000000
  text: Receiving the Eucharist is an intense act of faith.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3738
    nanos: 47000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3742
    nanos: 787000000
  text: So we've looked at how the Mass can powerfully prepare us to receive the Eucharist.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3742
    nanos: 787000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3748
    nanos: 767000000
  text: Now let's explore how the Mass can benefit even those who are not actually present when it is celebrated.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3748
    nanos: 767000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3755
    nanos: 7000000
  text: Aquinas explains that the sacrament of the Eucharist is not only a sacrament but also a sacrifice.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3755
    nanos: 7000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3755
    nanos: 987000000
  text: What does this mean?
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3755
    nanos: 987000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3763
    nanos: 207000000
  text: The Eucharist is a sacrament insofar as invisible grace is given through a visible sign.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3763
    nanos: 207000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3768
    nanos: 267000000
  text: Christ's very body and blood are shared under the signs of bread and wine.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3768
    nanos: 267000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3777
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  text: But it is also a sacrifice in so far as Christ's passion is represented, the passion whereby he offered himself as a victim to the Father.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3777
    nanos: 647000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3781
    nanos: 647000000
  text: Now, those who participate in this sacrament benefit in both ways.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3781
    nanos: 647000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3790
    nanos: 907000000
  text: That is, by invisible grace through the Eucharist as a sacrament and also by Christ's offering himself through the Eucharist as a sacrifice.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3790
    nanos: 907000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3798
    nanos: 467000000
  text: But even those who are not present to participate in the Eucharist as a sacrament can benefit from the Eucharist as a sacrifice.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3798
    nanos: 467000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3804
    nanos: 187000000
  text: Christ offers himself both for those who are present and those who are absent.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3804
    nanos: 187000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3816
    nanos: 7000000
  text: This should draw our attention to the fact that Christ gathers a community of believers where we are to be our brother's keeper even on the spiritual level, and this is profoundly Christian.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3816
    nanos: 7000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3820
    nanos: 587000000
  text: God became man, and God the Son saves us through his human nature.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3820
    nanos: 587000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3834
    nanos: 427000000
  text: Recall that when Christ forgave sins, the Pharisees rightly asked how he could do so since God alone can forgive sins, but they did not realize that Christ is God in the flesh working to save us through his humanity.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3834
    nanos: 427000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3839
    nanos: 47000000
  text: As we've discussed in previous videos, God works through secondary causes.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3839
    nanos: 47000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3843
    nanos: 947000000
  text: He gives us the dignity of being real causes in other people's lives.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3843
    nanos: 947000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3854
    nanos: 187000000
  text: Recall that in Matthew's Gospel, after rising from the dead, Jesus says, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me." What would you expect him to say next?
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3854
    nanos: 187000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3861
    nanos: 327000000
  text: I would've expected him to say, "I have all authority now, so you clowns can get out of the way.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3861
    nanos: 327000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3865
    nanos: 407000000
  text: You have been doubting and stumbling, and you ultimately abandoned me.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3865
    nanos: 407000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3869
    nanos: 87000000
  text: Get out of the way." But that is not what he tells them.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3869
    nanos: 87000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3875
    nanos: 347000000
  text: Instead, the next thing he says to them is, "Go therefore and make disciples of all nations.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3875
    nanos: 347000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3885
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  text: You go and teach them to observe all that I have commanded you." And Christ has continued to work through us as real secondary causes to this very day.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3885
    nanos: 327000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3892
    nanos: 47000000
  text: So to recap, we are prepared in our minds to receive Jesus in the Eucharist and be saved.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3892
    nanos: 47000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3901
    nanos: 547000000
  text: Furthermore, we are to act as God's ambassadors to others to work for the salvation of the whole world, and that is astonishing.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3901
    nanos: 547000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3910
    nanos: 327000000
  text: For readings, podcasts, and more videos like this, go to Aquinas101.com.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3910
    nanos: 327000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3915
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  text: While you're there, be sure to sign up for one of our free video courses on Aquinas.
  speaker: speaker_3
- start_time:
    secs: 3915
    nanos: 607000000
  end_time:
    secs: 3922
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  text: And don't forget to subscribe, like, and share with your friends because it matters what you think.
  speaker: speaker_3
