圣祭礼仪始于祭台。 The liturgy of the Eucharist begins at the altar.
于是焦点从宣读道的读经台转向了祭台。 So now the emphasis goes from the ambo, where the word was being proclaimed, to the altar.
此刻核心在于祭台——耶稣既是祭司、祭台，又是牺牲的羔羊。 And the focus is on the altar, that Jesus, again, is the priest, the altar, and the lamb of sacrifice.
祭台上使用的各种器具都蕴含着丰富的象征意义。 So there's a lot of symbolism at work in, uh, in the different parts and the, and the pieces that are used at the altar.
祭司预备好祭台后，会下阶领受献礼。 But after the priest has set up the altar, he will, uh, go down to receive the gifts.
献礼列队呈上时，通常包括盛放面饼的金质圣餐盒，以及葡萄酒圣爵。 Now, the gifts are, are processed up, usually a ciborium, um, a golden container, uh, with the bread, and also a cruet of the wine.
这象征着信徒的奉献，因为在早期教会，人们参加礼仪时会带来各自的劳动所得或收成。 Now, this is symbolic of the people's offering, because in the early church, the people, when they attended the liturgy, they would bring whatever was their trade or whatever was their crop.
有人可能会带来自己种植的农作物。 And so someone might bring, um, some of the, of the crops that they had grown.
而... And, um...
这传统让我们想起，正如面饼由众多麦粒制成，葡萄酒由无 数葡萄压榨而成，我们众人联合的祭品也如此呈献给主。 And this goes all the way back to remind us that just as the bread comes from many grains and the wine comes from many grapes that are crushed, so also our sacrifices collectively, um, are brought up and presented to the Lord.
约十一世纪开始采用金钱奉献，这成为信徒向神献礼的象征方式。 It was about the 11th century that a mi- a monetary or a financial collection was taken up, um, and that was the symbolic way of the people bringing their gifts, uh, to be presented to God.
奉献祷文源自犹太祝福语，记载于《十二使徒遗训》中，其根基深植于犹太祝福传统。 The offertory prayers, um, are a Jewish blessing, and these, these are found in the Didache, the teaching of the 12 Apostles, and they're really rooted in Jewish blessings.
「上主，万有的神，你应受赞颂。」 So blessed are You, Lord God of all creation.
这祷文包含三重意义。 Uh, and it has a three-fold idea.
首先，饼酒是土地的产物，象征我们赖以生存的大地和生命，这些都是神的恩赐。 First, that the bread and the wine are products of the earth and symbolize our earth and our life, that they are gifts from God.
其次，它们代表我们双手的劳作与日常辛劳。 Secondly, they signify the work of our hands and our daily labor.
第三，这些物质将成为基督体血的载体。 And thirdly, they are offered here as the material matter or disguise for what will become the body and the blood of Christ.
祭司会往酒中滴入少许清水，这称为酒水的搀合。 There's a splash of, uh, a drop of, of water that is poured into the wine, and we call this the commingling of the, of the water and the wine.
早期基督宗教时期，葡萄酒过于浓烈，需用水稀释。 In the early, early, uh, days of Christianity, the wine was very dense, and so they would cut it with some water.
故至今仍保留滴清水入酒的传统。 And so even today, we pour just a drop of, of water into the wine.
这实质上象征基督的神人二性——二者结合后就永不分离。 But really, this symbolizes the divinity and the humanity of Christ, that once those two are joined together, they can never be separated.
此时祭司默念简短祷词： And so the priest prays silently, a, a, a short prayer.
「愿这酒水的搀合，使我们分享基督的神性；他甘愿取了我们的人性，为使 我们获得神性的生命。」基督降生成人，正是为使我们能分享他的神性。 "By the mystery of this water and wine, may we come to share in the divinity of Christ who humbled himself to share in our humanity." So we also are, uh, invited to share in the divinity of Christ, because He became one of us in order to make us divine.
献爵礼后行洗手礼，祭司如古时祭司般洗净双手。 After the offering of the chalice, there is, uh, the washing of the hands, that the priest is washing his hands just like in the early, uh, the earliest priests.
正如亚伦当年... Aaron, before...
摩西的兄长亚伦在成为祭司并献祭之前，也需先行洁净之礼。 the brother of Moses, before he became, uh, a priest and before he entered into sacrifice, he was washed.
因此祭司洗手，是为提醒自己必须保持内心的纯洁才能献祭。 And so the priest washes his hands, uh, to remind himself that, that, um, he needs that interior purity in order to offer the sacrifice.
随后... He then...
祭司邀请会众祈祷： The priest then invites the people to pray.
「各位弟兄姊妹，请祈祷，使我的奉献，也是你们的奉献，蒙全能 的天父悦纳。」这实际上是要求众人不仅为即将献祭的祭司代祷， 更要使所有祈祷与祭司的祈祷联合，最终与基督的祈祷合而为一。 "Pray, brothers and sisters, that my sacrifice and yours may be acceptable to God, the Almighty Father." And so it's really a command to pray, not only on the behalf of the priest who is about to offer the sacrifice, but also to join and to unite all of our prayers, uh, with those of the priest and ultimately, with those of Christ.
接着进入圣餐祷文，包含多个部分，以序文为始。 We then proceed into the Eucharistic prayer, which has several different parts, but it begins with the preface.
序文可追溯至基督教最早期，包含对答：「愿主与你们同在。也与你的心灵同在。」 And the preface goes back to the, the earliest times of Christianity, including the dialogue, "The Lord be with you and with your spirit.
「请举心向上。」 Lift up your hearts.
「我们全心归向上主。」这呼应《启示录》中 We lift them up to the Lord." This was kind of like in the Book of Revelation.
约翰听见「上到这里来」的呼召，我们也蒙召升入天国。 John is told, "Come up here," and we are called to come up, come up into the realms of Heaven.
因此我们被召将心灵提升至神的宝座前。 And so we're called to lift up our hearts into the very, uh, throne room of God.
序文结束时总会提及在场的天使与圣人，邀请他们 同我们一起赞颂神——毕竟他们比我们更擅此道。 The preface ends always with a, a reminder of the angels, the angels and saints who are present, and we ask them to, to share in our, uh, praise of God, because they do a much better job than we do.
接着进入圣圣圣（Sanctus）， And, and then we c- continue into the Sanctus, or the holy, holy, holy.
这源自《以赛亚书》及圣枝主日民众欢呼「奉主名而来的当受赞颂」的传统。此 时信众跪拜以示虔敬，承认在神面前的渺小，这跪姿将持续贯穿整个圣餐祷文。 This goes back to the Book of Isaiah, and also the Palm Sunday when the people cried out with great joy and acclamation, "Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord." At this point, the people kneel as a sign of reverence, as a sign of, of littleness before God, and the posture of kneeling, uh, will proceed throughout the rest of the Eucharistic prayer.
祭司以朝拜赞美的祷词开始，随后进行求圣灵（epiclesis）。 The priest begins with the, um, the prayers, usually a, a prayer of, of, again, adoration or praise before God, and then he will continue with the epiclesis.
求圣灵时，祭司将手覆于圣爵与圣餐盒上，呼求圣灵降 临，如同旧约中圣灵荫蔽圣殿，如今也祝圣这些礼品。 Now, the epiclesis, the calling down of the Holy Spirit, the priest will extend his hands over the, uh, chalice and over the ciborium and all the br- the bread and the wine, um, calling down the Holy Spirit, that just as the Holy Spirit overshadowed the temple in the Old Testament, so too the priest, uh, is calling down the Holy Spirit to make holy the gifts.
圣餐祷文的核心是祝圣词， The very center, uh, the most important part of the Eucharistic prayer are the words of consecration.
也称为建立圣餐叙述——不仅纪念，更是重现最后晚餐时耶稣的言行。 We also call it the institution narrative, that we are, uh, recalling, and not just recalling, but again, making present the last supper and the words that Jesus said.
祝圣后，饼酒分别被祝圣，象征死亡——因为身体与血液分离即意味着死亡。 And so after the words of consecration, of course, the bread and the wine are consecrated separately as a symbol of death, because whenever we separate body from blood, there is a death that takes place.
但两者祝圣后，基督的体血真实临现于祭台，我们称此奥秘为 实体转变（transubstantiation）—— But after the consecration of both, we have truly the body and the blood of Christ present on the altar, and we call this mystery, this miracle, we call it transubstantiation, that the substance-...
饼酒的本质转变为基督的体血。 what it is of the body, of the bread and the wine, become the body and the blood of Christ.
其外形、味道等属性虽未改变，但藉基督的言语与圣灵的大能，本质已然不同。 It still looks like bread, it still tastes like bread, it has the accidents of bread and wine, but through the words of Christ, the power of the Holy Spirit, it truly becomes something different.
此时祭司以第一人称重述基督的话：「这是我的身体。」 There's also a shift in tense that we have the, uh, the priest takes on the very words of Christ, "This is my body.
「这是我的血。」仿佛基督亲口所言。 This is my blood." So he's speaking in the first person, speaking the words of Jesus.
这实则是圣子向圣父献上的完美祭献。 But it's really the offering of the son to the father in a perfect sacrifice.
祝圣时我们有时使用香，以彰显正在发生的奥秘。 We sometimes use incense at the consecration to show the, um, the mystery that is taking place.
但也有实际原因——香能掩盖血腥味。 But again, there's a practical reason, because incense was used to overshadow, uh, the smell of blood.
圣殿献祭牲畜时血味浓重，香确实能驱散这种气味。 When animals were offered in the temple, there was a lot of blood that was there and so the incense is really used to, to help to, um, push the, uh, the smell of blood away.
祝圣后是纪念欢呼，用一句话浓缩福音与救恩史： After the consecration, we have the memorial acclamation, which is really a brief recitation of the Gospel, salvation history in one sentence.
「主，我们传报你的圣死，歌颂你的复活，期待你光 荣地来临。」接着是纪念（anamnesis）。 "We proclaim your death, oh, Lord, profess your resurrection until you come again." After that we have the, what we call the anamnesis, which is the remembering.
这不仅是回忆过去发生的事件， Now again, this is not remembering just a past event that took place.
更是使过去的奥秘此刻真实临现。 This is making present that past event right here and now.
犹太人每年庆祝逾越节， And so in the Jewish mind, they would celebrate the Passover every single year.
正是为不忘记神为他们行的奇事。 In fact, they were required to, lest they forget the good things that God had done for them.
今天我们同样如此纪念。 So even today, we have this remembering.
不仅是单纯回忆，更是使基督十字架的祭献此刻重现。 Again, not remembering a past event simply, but making that past event present, the sacrifice of Jesus on the cross.
圣餐祷文常以为生者亡者的祈祷作结，因这是最重要的祈祷，提 醒我们基督祈祷的效力——我们将在世与已亡的挚爱带到主前。 Usually, the Eucharistic prayer ends with petitions on behalf of the living and on behalf of the deceased, because again, this prayer is the most important prayer that we have, and we are reminded of the efficacy of the prayers of Jesus as we bring our living and our deceased loved ones into the presence of the Lord.
圣餐祷文以颂谢词（doxology）结束：「藉着他，偕同他，在他内， The Eucharistic prayer ends with what we call the doxology, through him, with him, and in him.
联合圣灵，全能的天父，一切崇敬和荣耀归于你。」 Uh, we are praying, again, through Christ, with Christ, and in Christ to the praise of God the Father in the unity of the Holy Spirit.
圣餐祷文结束后，全体起立诵念《主祷文》——约公元600年由大圣贵 格利教宗引入弥撒，作为预备领圣餐的完美开端，这是耶稣亲授的祷文。 After the Eucharistic prayer has ended, all the people stand as we pray the Our Father, which was placed here in the mass by Pope Gregory the Great around the year 600, uh, as the perfect way to begin, uh, to prepare to receive Holy Communion, the prayer that Jesus taught us.
随后是擘饼礼（fraction），祭司掰开面饼，象征基督为救我们而牺牲的圣餐。 After this, we have what's called the fraction that the, uh, the priest breaks the host, again, symbolic of, of the body of Christ being broken for our salvation.
既象征基督的苦难，也体现与早期教会的共融。 It symbolizes Christ's passion, but also it's a, a union with the, uh, the early church.
早期教会中，主教献祭时会掰下一小块面饼，分送给教区内所有举行弥撒的教堂。 Because in the early church, the bishop, when he was offering mass, would break a small piece of the host and he would send it to all the different churches in his area and his diocese that the mass was being offered.
如今祭司仍掰下一小块面饼放入圣爵，提醒我们与主教、教宗的共融。 And so even today, uh, the priest breaks a small piece of the host, reminding us of the union with the bishop and the pope, and also he places that, uh, fragment or that, that particle into the chalice.
体血结合象征生命与复活。 And again, when body and blood are united, that's life, that's resurrection.
这提醒我们将领受基督活生生的体血、灵魂及神性。 And so it's a reminder that we are going to be receiving the living body and blood, soul and divinity of Jesus.
祭司放入面饼时默念：「愿我们的主耶稣基督圣体圣血的搀 合，使我们领受的人获得永生。」这体血的结合象征复活。 And so as the priest places the particle into the chalice, he prays a short prayer, "May this mingling of the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ bring eternal life to us who receive it." And so this commingling, the reunification of body and blood symbolizes the resurrection.
接着行平安礼，这传统可追溯至三世纪。 We then have the exchange of peace, and this goes all the way back to the third century.
原本在圣道礼后进行，为提醒耶稣的教导：「你在祭坛前献礼物时，若想起弟 兄对你不满，该先去与他和解，再来献礼。」故今日我们与周围人互祝平安。 Originally, it, it took place after the liturgy of the word, but it's a reminder of Jesus' command that he says, "If you're offering your gift and you have something against your brother, first go and make peace with your brother and then come back and offer the gift." And so today, we have an exchange of peace with, with those around us.
耶稣是平安的源头，赐下唯独他能赐的平安；我 们领圣餐前，蒙召在主内如弟兄姊妹般团结。 Ultimately, Jesus, who is the source of our peace, He brings us the peace that only He can bring, but we are called to be united as brothers and sisters before the Lord before we receive Holy Communion.
《神羔羊》直接取自圣经，诵念三次呼应三位一体；同时祭司默念简短祷文。 The lamb of God, which is again lifted right out of scripture and is said three times, uh, is again that Trinitarian formula, um, and as the lamb of God is being prayed, the priest says a, a short prayer.
他在祭台前俯身，以短祷预备自己领受圣餐。 He bows low before Jesus on the altar and prays a short prayer, uh, to prepare himself to receive the Holy Eucharist.
回想逾越节，仅将血涂门楣或宰杀羔羊并不足够， Now, when we think back to the Passover, it wasn't enough simply to, um, sprinkle the blood on the doorpost or simply to kill the lamb.
必须吃羔羊的肉才算完成逾越节晚餐。 The people, in order to fulfill the Passover meal, had to eat the flesh of the lamb.
如今举行的圣餐逾越节——巴斯卦奥秘中，耶稣是神羔羊。 And so today, this, this Eucharistic Passover that is taking place, the paschal mystery, Jesus is the lamb of God.
他藉流血牺牲及我们领圣餐，除去世人罪孽。 He takes away the sins of the world through the shedding of His blood and through our receiving Him in Holy Communion.
因此我们诵念直接引自圣经的百夫长祷词：「主，我当不起你到我 心里来，但只要你说一句话，我的灵魂就会痊愈。」既承认在神前 的卑微，也体会他愿与我们结合的渴望——他正呼召我们领受他。 And that's why we pray that prayer, again lifted directly from scripture, the prayer of the centurion, "Lord, I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof." But we say, "But only say the word and my soul shall be healed." So again, we're recognizing our humility before God, but also of His desire for union with us and He calls us to, um, to receive Him.
「阿们」意即「我信」或「诚然如此」。 The word amen or amen is the word that means I believe or it is true.
故上前领圣餐时，祭司说「基督圣体」，领受人答「阿们」——是对一切教义的确认。 And so when we come forward to receive the Eucharist and the priest or the minister says, "The body of Christ," uh, and the communicant, the person says, "Amen," he's saying amen to everything.
不仅相信这是基督圣体，更相信教会所教导的一切神启真理——因我相信耶稣的话。 I believe, not just that this is the body of Christ, but that everything that the church teaches as being revealed by God, I believe, because I believe in the words of Jesus.
领圣餐后，我们成为活的圣体龛，应返回座位静 默沉思神藉圣餐赐下的伟大恩典——他自己。 And so right after we receive Holy Communion, we become a living tabernacle, that we are living tabernacles and so we should go back to our pew and really to pause and to reflect on the great gift that God has given to us, the gift of Himself in the Eucharist.
我们成了活的圣体龛。 We become living tabernacles.
圣斐理伯内利曾见人提前离席，立即唤两名辅祭持蜡烛追赶。 There's a story that Saint Philip Neri once saw someone who left mass early and he immediately called two of his altar boys and told them to get candles and to run after the person.
那人驻足问为何持烛跟随，辅祭答：「你内有耶稣临在，耶稣所到之处需有烛光相随 。」这提醒我们勿匆忙离堂，当牢记耶稣与我们同在，应静思所领受的伟大奥秘。 And the person stopped and said, "Why are you following me, me with those candles?" And the altar boy said, "You carry within you the presence of Jesus, and wherever Jesus goes, we need to follow with the candles." And so it's a good reminder that, that we shouldn't be, you know, in a hurry to get out of mass, but really to remember that, that Jesus is present with us and we should pause to reflect on the great mystery that we have received.
众人领圣餐后，祭司返回祭台行清洁礼（ablutions）。 After all the people have received Holy Communion, the priest returns to the altar for what's called the ablutions or kind of the cleaning.
这远非简单清洗器皿， Now this is far more important than simply doing the dishes.
而是源于耶稣的话： Rather, it goes back to the words of Jesus.
耶稣增饼饱饫群众后说：「把剩下的碎块收集起来，免得 糟蹋。」每一块面饼碎屑、每一滴宝血都是真实的耶稣。 Jesus said after he had multiplied the, the bread and the, uh, and the fish to feed the crowd, he said, "Collect the fragments lest anything be lost." And so every fragment, every particle of the host, and every drop of the precious blood is truly Jesus.
故祭司或执事会仔细清洁圣器，收集碎屑，将剩余面饼放回圣体龛。 And so the priest, uh, or the deacon will spend a little bit of time kind of cleaning, uh, the, the vessels and, uh, collecting the fragments and placing the hosts back in the tabernacle.