让我为理性和与信仰的对话说几句话。 Let me say a word in defense of reason and dialogue with faith.
因为信仰就是那个证据。 Because faith is that proof.
信仰将我们与那个实体联合起来。 Faith unites us to that substance.
但是理性，为了充分发挥其潜力，需要与信仰所揭示的视野和其中包含的真理相遇。 But reason, in order to realize its full potential, meets the horizons revealed by and truth contained in the faith.
而且不是任何信仰，而是公教信仰。 And not just any faith, but the Catholic faith.
我当时赶着去登机口，飞机快起飞了，然后我被一个人拦住了。 I was running late for the gate where my plane was taking off and I, and I got stopped by a guy.
他说：「你、你是斯科特·哈恩吗？」我说：「是的。」他说：「你还记得我吗 ？」我说：「呃，不记得了。」我讨厌这个问题，因为我只有教授的记忆力。 He said, "Are, are you Scott Hahn?" I'm like, "Yeah." And he's like, "Do you remember me?" And I'm like, "Uh, no." I hate that question 'cause I've got a professor's memory.
我的意思是，它只有豌豆那么大。 I mean, it's the size of a pea.
我看着他，心想：「好吧，帮帮我。」是的，我心想…… And I'm looking at him like, "Okay, help me here." Yeah, I'm like...
「我是克里斯。 "I'm Chris.
我们一起读高中。 We went to high school.
我们是 79 年一起毕业的。」我心想：「哦，天哪 。」我认出了他，他变化没我大，尤其是在体重方面。 We graduated in '79 together." And I'm like, "Oh, my goodness." I recognized him and he hadn't changed nearly as much as I had, especially when it comes to weight.
我说：「很高兴见到你，但我没时间聊了。 I'm like, "It's great to see you, but I don't have time to talk.
我赶飞机。」他说：「我只想告诉你一件事。 I'm late for my plane." He's like, "I just gotta tell you one thing.
你还记得那时候我是个公教徒吗？ You remember back then, I was a Catholic?
嗯，我有个好消息，我现在是个福音派圣经基督徒了。」我说：「嗯，那太好了，克里斯。 Well, I've got good news because I'm now an evangelical Bible Christian." And I'm like, "Well, that's wonderful, Chris.
但在我起飞前，让我和你分享一件事，因为我现在是 个福音派圣经公教基督徒了。」他听了下巴都掉了。 But let me share with you one thing before I take off because I am now an evangelical Bible Catholic Christian." And his jaw dropped to the floor.
「什么？」他说：「我简直不敢相信。 "What?" And he was like, "I can't believe it.
你就是那个总是来餐厅，坐在我们桌子旁，闲聊过后，你就 会，你就会针对我们，尤其是公教徒，问各种各样的问题。 You were the one who would always come into the cafeteria, sit at our table, and after all the small talk, you, you would, you would target us, especially the Catholics with all kinds of questions.
你会连珠炮似地问我们。」我说：「我，我，我老实说不记得了，克里斯。 You'd pepper us." And I'm like, "I, I, I honestly don't remember that, Chris.
但我，我得赶飞机了。」「我们能，我们能交换名片吗？」我们交换了。 But I, I'm gonna have to catch my flight here." "Can we, can we exchange business cards?" And we did.
他说：「但你难道不记得有一次你…… And he's like, "But don't you remember that one time you...
嗯，不止一次，你一次又一次地回来，问我，尤其是问我那个问题 ：『你在新约里哪里找到弥撒的祭献？』还记得吗？」我说：「老 实说，我不记得了。」「但这听起来确实像我。」你知道吗？ Well, it wasn't just one time, you'd come back again and again and you'd ask me, especially me, that question, 'Where in the New Testament do you find the sacrifice of the Mass?' Remember that?" And I'm like, "Honestly, I don't." "But it sure sounds like me." You know?
我说：「我下周可以给你打电话吗？」他说：「当然。 」于是，我起飞了，留下他纳闷我是不是真的那样说。 And I'm like, "Can I give you a call next week?" "Sure." So, I took off and I left him wondering whether I really meant it.
于是，我给他打了电话。 And so, I called him.
我们基本上接着在机场没说完的话题继续聊。 And we basically picked up where we left off in the airport.
就像，好吧，意识到我得弥补失去的时间，做一些福音派的补偿。 Of like, okay, realizing I had to kind of make up for lost time and do a little bit of evangelical restitution.
我对克里斯说：「好吧，那么你从我们餐厅的谈话中记得什么？ I said to Chris, "Okay, so what was it you recalled from our cafeteria conversations?
你以前在桌子旁总是对我们说，你知道的，『你在新约里哪里找 到弥撒的祭献？』然后你很快就会接着指出，弥撒，我们这样称 呼它，或者主餐，你这样称呼它，不是祭献，它只是一个餐。 You used to say to us at the table, you know, 'Where in the New Testament do you find the sacrifice of the Mass?' And then quickly, you'd go on to point out that the Mass, as we called it, or the Lord's Supper as you referred to it, was not a sacrifice, it was only a meal.
祭献正是耶稣在髑髅地献上的。」「斯科特，老实说，多年后我才意识到你是对的。 That the sacrifice was precisely what Jesus had offered on Calvary." "And years later, Scott, honestly, I came to realize you were right.
髑髅地才是祭献。」我说：「好吧。 Calvary's the sacrifice." I'm like, "Okay.
我，我仍然同意这一点，克里斯。 I, I still agree with that, Chris.
但是，我，我认为我们需要退后一两步，以便更全面地看待事物，至 少是我现在看待它们的方式。」所以，那次谈话持续了一个多小时， 因为在那次谈话中，我与他分享了早期教父们与我分享的一些内容。 But I, I think we need to take a step or two back in order to see things in perspective, at least the way I've come to see them." So, that particular conversation lasted well over an hour because in that talk, I shared with him what the early church fathers had sort of shared with me.
如果你在受难节那天，作为一个虔诚的犹太人站在髑髅地，看着耶稣受苦和死 去，你不会回家后向家人和朋友讲述你的经历，好像你刚刚目睹了一场祭献。 That if you had been there on Good Friday, standing at Calvary as a devout Jew, and you had watched Jesus suffer and die, you would not have gone home and recounted your experience to your family members and friends as though you had just witnessed a sacrifice.
因为对于第一世纪的犹太人来说，祭献必须在耶路撒冷城内 ，在圣殿里，在祭坛上进行，那里会有祭司站在旁边献祭。 Because for the Jews in the first century, a sacrifice had to take, take place inside the City of Jerusalem, within the temple upon an altar where there would be a priest standing by offering a sacrifice.
然而耶稣死在城墙外，远离圣殿，那里没有祭坛或祭司献祭—— 所以，他们回家后向家人和朋友讲述的不是祭献，而是什么？ Whereas Jesus died outside the walls, far from the temple, where there were no altars or priests offering sacri- So, what they would have gone home and related to their family members and friends was not a sacrifice, but what?
一次罗马式的处决。 A Roman execution.
而且是一次相当血腥的处决。 And a rather bloody one at that.
我说：「克里斯，你知道，从犹太人的角度来看，按照旧约，耶稣在髑髅 地的死是一次处决，一次罗马式的处决，一次血腥而不公的暴力行为。」 他说：「哦，好吧。」于是，我像教父们向我提出的那样，向克里斯提出 了这个问题：「一次罗马式的处决怎么会突然变成一次神圣的祭献呢？ I said, "Chris, you know, from a Jewish persp- perspective, following the Old Testament, Jesus' death on Calvary was an execution, a Roman execution, a bloody and unjust act of violence." And he's like, "O- okay." So, I asked the question to Chris just as the fathers had kind of posed it to me, "How in the world does a Roman execution get suddenly changed into a holy sacrifice?
而且不是任何祭献，而是有史以来最崇高的祭献？ And not just any sacrifice, but the supreme sacrifice of all times?
这怎么会发生呢？」他说：「呃，帮帮我。」你知道吗？ How does that happen?" And he's like, "Uh, help me here." You know?
我说：「好吧，我像教父们帮助我那样帮助你。 I'm like, "Well, I'll help you the way the fathers helped me.
唯一能阐明耶稣在受难节那天所发生之事的奥秘的方法，就是倒带，从他在圣周四晚上 在楼上房间与门徒们所做的事情的光中来看待它。」「因为他不仅仅是在庆祝一顿饭。 The only way to illuminate the mystery of what happened to Jesus on Good Friday is by rewinding the tape and looking at it in the light of what he had previously done in the upper room with his disciples on Holy Thursday." "Because He wasn't just celebrating a meal.
他不仅仅是在分享一顿晚餐。 He wasn't just sharing a supper.
他是在最后一次庆祝旧约的逾越节。 He was celebrating the Passover of the old covenant one last time.
但这并不是他所做的一切。 But that's not all He was doing.
他是在作为神的羔羊来成全它。 He was fulfilling it as the Lamb of God.
但他并不是为了终止它而作为神的羔羊来成全它。 But He wasn't fulfilling it as the Lamb of God for the purpose of terminating it.
他是在作为神的羔羊来成全它，目的是将旧约的逾越节转化为新约的 逾越节。」「你还记得他是怎么做的，因为对观福音书告诉我们。 He was fulfilling it as the Lamb of God for the purpose of transforming the Passover of the old covenant into the Passover of the new." "And you recall how He does it because the synoptic gospels tell us.
在庆祝熟悉的古老犹太逾越节的背景下，所有 12 个门徒都对此了如指掌— —」在用餐快开始的时候，在用餐快开始的时候，他，他做了一些不同的事情。 In the context of celebrating the familiar ancient Jewish Passover, which all 12 of the disciples would have known like the back of their hands-"Near the beginning of the meal, near the beginning of the meal, He, He did something different.
他，他拿起无酵饼，说了这些话：「这是我的身体，为你们舍的。」我猜门徒们当时一 定坐在那里纳闷：「那是什么？」你知道，他在这里稍微偏离了礼仪规程，你知道吗？ He, He took the bread, which was unleavened, and He spoke the words, "This is My body, which will be given up for you." And I suspect that the disciples must have been sitting there wondering, "What is that?" You know, He's just deviated from the liturgical rubrics a little bit here, you know?
显然没有人说什么，但他们一定有点纳闷，并且，并且，并且回想 ，你知道，「他为什么说，『这是我的身体，为你们舍的』」？ Nobody apparently said a thing, but they must have kind of wondered and, and, and recalled, you know, "Why did He say that, 'This is My body which will be given for you'"?
那是什么修辞？ What was that rhetoric?
然后快到用餐结束的时候，克里斯，他拿起第三杯祝福的杯，他做了什么？ And then near the end of the meal, Chris, He takes the third cup of blessing, and what does He do?
他，他拿起杯，说了我们非常熟悉的话：「这杯是 用我的血所立的新约，为多人流出来，使罪得赦。 He, He takes it and He speaks those words that we know so well, "This chalice is the blood of the covenant, the blood of the new covenant poured out for many for the remission of sins.
你们每逢喝的时候，要如此行，为的是记念我。」所以这 杯，这杯是血，新约的血，为多人流出来，使罪得赦。 Do this in remembrance of Me." So this chalice, this cup is the Blood, the Blood of the new covenant poured out for many for the remission of sins.
「你们每逢喝的时候，要如此行，为的是记念我。」门徒们当时 一定又在挠头纳闷：「他在这里加的这个新仪式是什么？」显然 没有人问他，过了一会儿，他们就出去了，到了客西马尼园。 "Do this in remembrance of Me." And there again, the disciples must have been scratching their heads wondering, "What is this new ritual addition that He's kind of appending here?" Nobody apparently asked Him, and a, a few moments later, they were out into the night over to the Garden of Gethsemane.
我说：「克里斯，我猜那些门徒当时一定在纳闷耶稣在说什么、做什么。 And I said, "Chris, I suspect that those disciples were wondering what Jesus was saying and doing.
这种新的说法是什么？ What was this new rhetoric?
这只是，你知道，一个额外的仪式，还是有什么真实性？」但直到第二天，直到受难 节，他们才发现他不仅仅是在添加新的话语，他不仅仅是在添加一个新的仪式姿态。 Was it just, you know, an additional ritual, or was there some reality?" But not until the next day, not until Good Friday, did they discover that He wasn't just adding new words, He wasn't just adding a new ritual gesture.
当他在圣周四在楼上房间说：「这是我的身体，为你们舍的」时 ，他在受难节证明了他言行一致，因为他的身体为他们舍了。 When He said, "This is My body, which will be given up for you," on Holy Thursday in the Upper Room, He proved that He said what He meant and He meant what He said on Good Friday because His body was given up for them.
同样，饭后的杯，当他说出那些神圣的话语并宣告：「这 杯是用我的血所立的新约，为多人流出来，使罪得赦。 And likewise, the cup after supper, when He speaks those sacred words and declares that, "This cup is the blood of the New Testament, the blood of the new covenant poured out for many for the remission of sins.
你们每逢喝的时候，要如此行，为的是记念我。」第二天，他就照他说的做了。 Do this in remembrance of Me," the very next day, He did what He said.
他流出他的血，作为祭献，使罪得赦。 He poured out His blood for the forgiveness of sins as a sacrifice.
我说：「逾越节是关键，因为在旧约中，逾越节从来不只是一个餐。 I said, "The Passover is the key because in the Old Covenant, the Passover was never merely a meal.
它总是以祭献开始。」问问那只羔羊就知道了。 It always started off as a sacrifice." Just ask the lamb.
但是那只无瑕疵公羊羔的祭献，最终以祭献性的共融，也就是被称为逾越节的餐达到高潮。 But the sacrifice of the unblemished male lamb was then culminating in the sacrificial communion, the meal known as the Passover.
如果旧约是这样，那么新约更是如此，因为耶稣作为羔羊而来，不仅是为了 喂养我们，更是为了为我们而死，而且是在旧约逾越节的背景下这样做，他 通过成全它来最后一次庆祝它，但他通过将旧的转化为新的来成全它，作为 必须作为祭献而死的羔羊，然后作为为祭献性共融提供预备的那一位。 And if that was true of the Old Covenant, it isn't less true but more of the new because Jesus comes as the Lamb, not just to feed us, but to die for us, but to do so in the context of the Old Covenant Passover, which He's celebrating one last time by fulfilling it, but He fulfills it by transforming the, the old into the new as the Lamb who must die as a sacrifice, and then as the one who makes provisions for the sacrificial communion.
我说：「如果耶稣在圣周四设立的圣餐只是一个餐 ，那么他在圣周五的死就只是一次罗马式的处决。 I said, "If the Eucharist that Jesus instituted on Holy Thursday was just a meal, then His death on Holy, on Good Friday was just a Roman execution.
但是，另一方面，而且只有当耶稣设立圣餐完全是新约逾 越节的祭献时，那么周四所设立的，正是周五所完成的。 But if, on the other hand, and only if, Jesus' institution of the Holy Eucharist was nothing less than the sacrifice of the new covenant Passover, then what was instituted on Thursday is precisely what is consummated on Friday.
如果他在圣周四设立圣餐作为新约的逾越节时已经自由 地将生命赐给了我们，那么他在周五就没有失去生命。 He didn't lose His life on Friday if He'd already freely given it to us by instituting the Eucharist as the Passover of the new covenant on Holy Thursday.
他不是罗马暴力和不公的受害者。 He wasn't the victim of Roman violence and injustice.
他的神之爱的受害者。 He was the victim of divine love.
他将自己的生命作为礼物，在任何人对他下手并试图夺走之前，他自由地舍 弃了。」我说：「如果圣餐是一个餐，那么髑髅地就是一次处决，但如果圣 餐是新约的祭献，那么只有这样，我们才能看到髑髅地不仅仅是一次处决， 它确实是新约逾越节羔羊祭献的完成。」接着是一段长时间的沉默。 He made His life a gift which He freely laid down before anybody laid their hands upon Him and try to take it." I said, "If the Eucharist is a meal, then Calvary's an execution, but if the Eucharist is the sacrifice of the new covenant, then and only then do we see that Calvary is more than an execution, that indeed it is the consummation of the sacrifice of the new covenant Passover lamb." There was this long pause.
现在，他对我说：「我，我从来没有那样看过。」我不得 不承认，直到我读了撒狄的梅利托，我也没有那样看过。 And now, he said to me, "I, I never saw it that way." And I had to admit, neither did I until I read Melito of Sardis.
你知道，他的讲道，希腊文的《论逾越节》，我把它翻译成了英文，在那里我发现了一个普 遍的观点，似乎所有第一、第二、第三和第四世纪的基督徒都相信这一点，正如保罗自己在 哥林多前书 5:7 对哥林多人宣告的：「因为我们逾越节的羔羊基督已经被杀献祭了。 You know, his homily, Peri Pascha, in the Greek, I had it translated into English, and there I discovered what was a commonplace, what it seems like all the Christians believed in the first, second, third, and fourth centuries as Paul himself declares to the Corinthians in 1 Corinthians 5:7, "Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed.
所以，」什么？ Therefore," what?
「让我们简单地相信，这就是我们需要做的，然后我们就得救了。」有 人说：「不。」他说：「所以，让我们守这节。」他指的是什么节？ "Let us simply believe, that's all we need to be doing and then we're saved." And one said, "No." He said, "Therefore, let us keep the feast." And what feast is he talking about?
新约圣餐的节期，无酵饼的节期，他在哥林多前书第 10 章和第 11 章的后 续章节中对此进行了更全面的解释，比他在所有其他书信中加起来的解释还要详细。 The new covenant feast of the Eucharist, the Feast of the Unleavened Bread, which he goes on in the subsequent chapters of 1 Corinthians 10 and 11 to explain more fully than he does in all of the other epistles put together.
因此，我们同意我们的非公教基督徒弟兄姊妹，他们将髑髅地描述为祭献。 And so it is that we agree with our non-Catholic Christian brothers and sisters who describe Calvary as the sacrifice.
我们只想赶紧澄清一个事实，那就是髑髅地只是 一次处决，除非圣餐完全是新约逾越节的祭献。 We would just hasten to clarify the fact that Calvary would only be an execution and less the Holy Eucharist is nothing less than the sacrifice of the new covenant Passover.
所以当我们公教徒进行新福传时……他们有福音要分 享，我们不嫉妒他们，因为他们分享得如此慷慨。 And so when we as Catholics go about the new evangelization...They've got good news to share, and we don't begrudge them because they share so generously.
他们承担风险。 They take on risks.
他们按照自己的理解接受福音，并自由、充分、热情地分享，我们也 应该如此，只是要更充分、更热情，因为他们分享的福音，当你发现 我们在神家庭中称之为公教会的信仰的圆满时，只会变得更好。 They take the good news as they understand it and they share it freely and fully, with excitement, and so we should too, only more fully and more excitedly because the good news they share just gets better when you discover the fullness of the faith in the Family of God that we call the Catholic Church.
因为它不仅仅是个人关系，不仅仅是与你真心爱的人同居，它是一种盟约关系 ，需要人际共融，但它必须从个人关系发展到承诺关系，再到盟约的约束。 Because it's not just a personal relationship, it's not just cohabiting with another person that you sincerely love, it's a covenant relationship that calls for interpersonal communion, but it has to pass from a personal relationship to a committed relationship to a covenantal bond.
所以对我们来说，这需要更长一点的时间。 And so for us, it takes a little bit longer.
为什么？ And why?
呃，因为我们是公教徒，我们总是把事情拖得很长。 Uh, because we're Catholics and we just kinda drag things out.
不，因为这是人性所要求的。 No, because that's what human nature calls for.
坠入爱河不是一天就能完成的。 Falling in love is not over and done in a day.
坠入爱河是一辈子的事。 Falling in love is over and done in a lifetime.
但它需要经历成长和发展的阶段，无论我们称之为求爱、订 婚、婚姻，或者在我们所处的任何文化中称之为其他什么。 But it needs to go through stages of growth and development, whether we call it courtship, engagement, marriage, or whatever we call it in whatever culture we live in.
我们认识到，今天教会的危机与文化危机非常相似。 We recognize that the crisis in the Church today is very similar to the crisis in the culture.
这不仅仅是我的决定。 We don't understand the inner logic of love when it comes to the interpersonal bond between a male and a female, when it comes to the deeper interpersonal bond between God and humanity.
这不仅仅是我的决定。 It isn't just my decision.
这不仅仅是我的经历。 It isn't just my experience.
这些是必要的步骤，但它们是婴儿的脚步。 Those are necessary steps, but they are baby steps.
它们就像我说的，浪子从远方迈出的第一步，在他回到一直等候他的慈父家里之前很久。 They're like the first steps, as I said, the Prodigal Son took from a far country long before he ever got home to the merciful father who had been waiting for him.
他为浪子庆祝的那个宴席就是圣餐宴席，是羔羊的婚宴，当公教 徒完整地宣讲福音，带着它所有的真理、所有的力量，确实，带 着它所有的美丽时，神的浪子浪女们就能分享到这个宴席。 And that feast that he celebrated for the Prodigal Son is the Eucharistic banquet, the marriage supper of the Lamb that the prodigal sons and daughters of God get to share when Catholics proclaim the Gospel in its integrity, with all of its truth, with all of its power, indeed, with all of its beauty.
我还要接着说，耶稣在圣周四设立的圣餐，不仅阐明了他受 难节受苦的奥秘，也真正阐明了他复活节复活的重要性。 And I would also go on to say that the Eucharist that Jesus instituted on Holy Thursday is not only what illuminates the mystery of His suffering on Good Friday, it's also what really clarifies the importance of His resurrection on Easter Sunday.
因为如果圣餐是将耶稣的苦难从处决转变为真实而神圣的祭献，那么复活就是将那 个祭献转变为一个圣事，我们现在可以这样做来记念他，因为主的身体复活正是使 那个身体不仅复活，复活不仅仅是他的尸体复苏，它不仅仅是证明他的无辜。 Because if the Eucharist is what transformed Jesus' suffering from being an execution into a true and holy sacrifice, then the resurrection is what transformed that sacrifice into a sacrament that we can now do in remembrance of Him, because the resurrection of the Lord's body is precisely what makes that body not only come back alive, the resurrection is more than the resuscitation of His corpse, it's more than the vindication of His innocence.
复活是他神圣人性的荣耀。 The resurrection is the glorification of His sacred humanity.
他神圣的人性，现在复活了，既被神化，又具有神化能力。 His sacred humanity, now resurrected, is both deified and deifying.
复活正是使它能够传达给我们。 And the resurrection is what makes it communicable to us.
正是复活使那个荣耀的身体，我敢说，可以被我们食用。 It's what makes that glorified body, dare I say, edible by us.
这就是为什么，当你研究对观福音和约翰福音的传统时，你 会发现每次你读到复活显现，恰好，它总是发生在星期几？ Which is why, when you study the synoptic traditions in John, you discover that each and every time you read about a resurrection appearance, just, it just so happens that, what day of the week does it always fall upon?
星期日。 Sunday.
为什么？ Why?
嗯，你知道，因为那是他复活的日子，但那也是这两个门徒说：「你知道，当他给我们讲 解圣经的时候，我们的心在我们里面火热，但我们的眼睛只是睁开了……」什么时候？ Well, you know, because that's the day He was resurrected, but that's also the day that these two disciples said, "You know, our hearts were burning within us when He opened up the Scriptures, but our eyes were only open..." When?
在擘饼的时候。 In the breaking of the bread.
圣餐庆典。 The Eucharistic celebration.
所以周复一周，早在第一世纪，直到二十一世纪的每个星期 日，来到我们这里的都是复活了的万主之主、万王之王。 And so week after week, back then in the first century, Sunday after Sunday in the 21st century, it is the resurrected Lord of Lords and King of Kings who comes to us.
它不是耶稣挂在十字架上流血、受创的身体，尽管这是他在髑髅地献上的同一个祭献。 It isn't the, the bleeding, battered body of Jesus hanging on the cross, though it is one and the same sacrifice that He offered on Calvary.
但他所献的祭，他现在作为天上的大祭司献上，正如圣约翰在启示录的异象中所 描述的，我在《羔羊的晚宴》中尽力解释了这一点，就像我在第一次弥撒中体验 到的那样，在那里他是神的羔羊，在 22 章中出现了 28 次，在那里他 是天上圣殿的大祭司，在那里他是献祭者，然而，他也是被献上的羔羊。 But the sacrifice that He offers, He now offers as the High Priest in Heaven, as Saint John describes it in the visions that we find in the Book of Revelation, that I tried my best to explain in The Lamb's Supper, as I experienced it in my very first Mass, where He is the Lamb of God, 28 times in 22 chapters, where He is the High Priest of the Heavenly Temple, where He is the one offering, and yet, He is also the Lamb who is offered.
因此，在弥撒中，神的旨意在地上成就，如同在天 上一样，比我们所做的任何其他事情都更完美。 And in the Mass then, God's will is done on Earth as it is in Heaven more perfectly than anything else we do.
圣餐是复活的主。 The Eucharist is the resurrected Lord.
如果我们是末日他再来并显现他的荣耀时还活着的人，我们可能会感到惊讶，因为我们会 发现他在末日不会比他现在已经拥有的荣耀更多，不仅在天上，而且在他的圣餐临在中。 And if we are the ones who are alive at the end of time when He comes again and reveals His glory, we may be in for a surprise because we're gonna discover that He won't have any more glory at the end than He already has now, not only up in Heaven, but in His Eucharistic presence.
他是万主之主，万王之王。 He is the Lord of Lords and the King of Kings.
他以饼和酒的外形来到我们中间，但他以复活、升天、登基、 荣耀、被神化并具有神化能力的耶稣的身份来到我们中间。 He comes to us under the appearance of bread and wine, but He comes to us as the resurrected, ascended, enthroned, glorified, deified, and deifying Jesus.
这就是为什么父神不满足于将他的浪子留在远方，仅仅做一次痛悔。 And that is why God the Father is not content with leaving His prodigal son in a far country, simply making an act of contrition.
那只是漫长旅程的开始。当我们回家时，成千上万的失散公教徒现在正在 这样做，他们发现了一位父亲的怜悯，他爱他们超过他们所能想象的。 That is just the beginning of a long journey.And when we come back home, and that's what fallen away Catholics are doing now by the thousands and the tens of thousands, they discover the mercy of a Father who loves them more than they ever imagined.
但他们也发现，父亲摆设的宴席超出了他们的预期。 But they also discover that the banquet that the Father is throwing is more than they ever expected.
它不是我们义行的奖赏，而是我们罪恶、软弱和失败的补救。 It is not a reward for our righteousness, it is a remedy for our sin and weakness and our failures.
我们不配，但我们确实需要。 We are not worthy, but we sure are needy.
所以，我们不仅要出去重新向非基督徒传福音，我们自己也在被重新传福音。 And so, we're not only going out to re-evangelize the de-Christianized, we are going out being re-evangelized ourselves.
我们来到这里，周复一周地被重新传福音。 We are coming here and being re-evangelized ourselves week after week after week.
我当时正和克里斯说话，他一直提起：「好吧，回到那个问题和它的答案 ，『你在新约中哪里找到弥撒的祭献？』」在另一个场合，在一次不同的 谈话中，我向他指出了耶稣在楼上房间设立圣餐时所说和所做的事情。 I was talking to Chris, and he would keep bringing up, "Okay, so get me back to that question and its answer, 'Where in the New Testament do you find the sacrifice of the mass?'" On another occasion, in a different conversation, I pointed out to him what Jesus said and did there in the upper room when He instituted the Eucharist.
他拿起这个杯，他说什么？ He takes this chalice and He says what?
「这是我的血所立的杯，新约的血，为多人流出来，使罪得赦。 "This is the cup of My blood, the blood of the New Testament, the blood of the New Covenant, poured out for many for the remission of sins.
你们每逢喝的时候，要如此行，为的是记念我。」或者类似的话。 Do this in remembrance of Me," or words to that effect.
我说：「克里斯，注意他说了什么。 I said, "Notice, Chris, what He said.
『这是我的血所立的杯，是 koinē di athēkē 的血。』我们可以翻译成新约。 'This is the cup of My blood, the blood of the koinē diathēkē." We can translate that New Covenant.
我们也可以同样容易地翻译成新约。 We can just as easily translate that New Testament.
「这是新约的血，为多人流出来，使罪得赦。 "This is the blood of the New Testament, poured out for many for the remission of sins.
喝这个。 Drink this.
你们每逢喝的时候，要如此行，为的是记念我。」我说：「克里斯 ，注意，他说，他没有说，『这是我的血所立的杯，是新约的血。 Do this in remembrance of Me." "Notice," I said, "Chris, He said, He didn't say, 'This is the cup of My blood, the blood of the New Testament.
写下这个来记念我。』他没有说，『读这个来记念我。』他说，『做这个。』」做什么？ Write this in remembrance of Me.' He didn't say, 'Read this in remembrance of Me.' He said, 'Do this.'" Do what?
新约。 The New Testament.
新约是什么？ And what's the New Testament?
根据新约，新约就是圣餐。 The New Testament is the Eucharist, according to the New Testament.
路加福音 22:20，哥林多前书第 11 章也是。 Luke 22:20, First Corinthians Chapter 11 as well.
他没有说：「写下这个来记念我」，事实上，楼上房间里的十二个人中 ，有一半以上从未为我们现在称为新约的 27 本书贡献过一本书。 He didn't say, "Write this in remembrance of Me," and in fact, over half of the 12 in the upper room never ended up contributing a single book to the collection of 27 that we now call the New Testament.
但不是因为他们懒惰或不顺服，而是因为他没有说：「 写下这个来记念。」他说：「做这个。」你猜怎么着？ But not because they were lazy or disobedient, but because He didn't say, "Write this in remembrance." He said, "Do this." And guess what?
他们都出去做这件事了。 They all went out doing this.
他们传扬福音，教导悔改的人，然后施洗，并且从一开始就庆祝擘饼，正如我 们在使徒行传 2:42 中读到的，以及使徒行传 20 章和其他地方。 They were proclaiming the Gospel, they were instructing the repentant, they were then baptizing, and they were celebrating the breaking of the bread from the very beginning, as we read in Acts 2:42, and again in Acts 20 and elsewhere.
所以耶稣说：「这是我的血所立的杯，是新约的血。」他说：「你 们每逢喝的时候，要如此行，为的是记念我」，而不是写下这个。 So Jesus says, "This is the cup of My blood, the blood of the New Testament." He says, "Do this in remembrance of Me," not write this.
所以我说：「克里斯，我不得不艰难地学到的一个简单事实是 ，根据这份文件，新约在开始成为一份文件之前很久就是一个 圣事了。」这对他说来像是一记重击，但对我来说则早得多。 So I said, "Chris, the plain and simple fact that I had to learn the hard way was this, that the New Testament was a sacrament long before it ever started to become a document, according to the document." It was like a zinger for him, but much earlier for me.
这真是一记重击，因为那个人就是教我的人。 It was really a rat zinger because that was the guy who taught me.
哦，对不起。 Oh, I'm sorry.
我本该抵制那个诱惑，但事实上，是当时的约瑟夫教授，你知道，在成为本笃教宗之 前是枢机主教，他教导了我，就像教父们一样，所有我试图与克里斯分享的东西。 I should have resisted that temptation, but in fact, it was then Professor Joseph, you know, cardinal before he was Pope Benedict, who taught me, just like the fathers, all that I was trying to share with Chris.
根据这份文件，新约在开始成为一份文件之前很久就是一个圣事了。 The New Testament is a sacrament long before it starts to become a document, according to the document.
他让我澄清这一点。 And he asked me to clarify that.
我说：「嗯，早期教会和使徒们出去传道、施洗， 并在圣餐中庆祝新约、新遗嘱，多年来遍及各地。 And I said, "Well, the early Church and the apostles went out preaching, baptizing, and celebrating the New Covenant, the New Testament in the Holy Eucharist for years in all directions.
但实际上，新约的书籍至少在耶稣死后和复活后 1 0 到 15 年，也许 20 年后才开始写作。 But in actual fact, the New Testament books weren't begun for at least 10 or 15, maybe 20 years after Jesus' death and resurrection.
直到第一世纪末才真正完成。 And they weren't really completed until the end of the first century.
但作为一个历史事实，有趣的是，这些在教会中，尤其是在主 日礼仪中被阅读的文件，直到第二世纪下半叶才被称为新约。 But as a matter of historical fact, it's interesting to notice that these documents that were being read in the Church, especially in her Sunday liturgy, were never referred to as the New Testament until the second half of the second century.
这些是我们发现的最早记载这些书被称为新约的文献。 Those are the earliest references we find documented to these books being called the New Testament.
为什么它们在第二世纪末突然被称为新约呢？ And why were they suddenly being called the New Testament at the end of the second century?
因为它们在礼仪上与自第一世纪上半叶以来被称为新约的东西很接近。 Because of their liturgical proximity to what had been called the New Testament since the first half of the first century.
那是什么？ And what was that?
圣餐。 The Eucharist.
耶稣自己称之为新约。 That Jesus Himself called the New Testament.
耶稣除了在设立圣餐时，从未在其他任何时候使用过 diathēkē 这个词，无论是盟约还是遗嘱。 Jesus never uses that word diathēkē, covenant or testament, any other time except when He instituted the Eucharist.
当他这样做时，他说：「这是我的血所立的杯，是新约的血。 And when He did, He said, "This is the cup of My blood, the blood of the New Testament.
你们每逢喝的时候，要如此行，为的是记念我。」我说：「新约不仅在开始成为一 份文件之前很久就是一个圣事，而且它也回答了我以前经常问你的那个问题，克里 斯，『你在新约中哪里找到弥撒的祭献？』根据新约，弥撒的祭献就是新约。」 Do this in remembrance of Me." I said, "Not only is the New Testament a sacrament long before it starts to become a document, but it also gives us an answer to that question I used to ask you all the time, Chris, 'Where in the New Testament do you find the sacrifice of the mass?' The sacrifice of the mass is the New Testament, according to the New Testament."