- start: 0.099
  end: 1.32
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Welcome back to Shameless Popery.
  zh: 欢迎回到《厚颜教皇党》节目。
- start: 1.32
  end: 10.039
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I'm Joe Heschmeyer, and I want to wish you a happy Holy Thursday as we commemorate the Last Supper of Jesus Christ in which He institutes the Eucharist and the priesthood.
  zh: 我是乔·赫施迈尔，值此纪念耶稣基督设立圣餐与祭司职分的最后晚餐之际，祝各位圣周四快乐。
- start: 10.039
  end: 19.079
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And I know many of you hearing that are already saying, "Ah, it's not really what we believe, you know, in my tradition as an Evangelical Protestant," or whatever you may be.
  zh: 我知道许多听众此刻正想着「这不符合我们福音派新教的传统信仰」或其他类似观点。
- start: 19.079
  end: 31.179
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Because unfortunately, while the Lord's Supper should be a place of Christian unity, this is where we become one in Christ, it's become, between Catholics and Protestants, a place of real division.
  zh: 遗憾的是，虽然主的晚餐本应是基督徒合一的标记——使我们连于基督成为一体——却在公教徒与新教徒之间成了真实分裂的象征。
- start: 31.179
  end: 47.939
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And not only between Catholics and Protestants, but between Protestants and Protestants, that the understandings of the Eucharist or the Lord's Supper you might find in a, an Anglican or a Lutheran service are going to be radically different from what you might find in a Baptist or non-denominational one.
  zh: 不仅公教与新教之间存在分歧，就连圣公会、路德宗的圣餐理解，与浸信会或无宗派教会的观点也截然不同。
- start: 47.939
  end: 82.219
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And in particular, there's a lot of controversy over a claim that we as Catholics make, not only that Christ is present in the Eucharist, not only that the bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ, but that in a strange way, we are actually participating in the one sacrifice of Christ, that many Protestants who are fine saying Christ is somehow present in, with, and under the bread and wine, or in some other way in the Eucharist, are not okay with the idea that this is the one propitiatory sacrifice of Christ.
  zh: 尤其引发争议的是我们公教徒的主张：不仅基督真实临在于圣餐中，不仅饼酒变为基督的体血，更以一种奇妙方式使我们实际参与基督唯一的祭献。许多新教徒能接受基督以某种形式临在于饼酒之中、之下或圣餐之内，却难以认同这是基督唯一的赎罪祭。
- start: 82.219
  end: 97.919
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So I'm gonna give you a short presentation of the Catholic position, and then three common objections that I hear, uh, to the Catholic claim, and then show you why these objections don't actually understand the Biblical meaning of sacrifice.
  zh: 接下来我将简要阐述公教立场，列举三个常见的反对观点，并指出这些质疑其实误解了圣经中祭献的真义。
- start: 97.919
  end: 104.739
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: They don't understand either what Catholics are saying, or more importantly in some ways, what the Bible is saying about sacrifice.
  zh: 这些反对者既未理解公教徒的宣称，某种程度上更未领会圣经关于祭献的教导。
- start: 104.739
  end: 115.619
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So without any further ado, the catechism in paragraph 1367 says that, "The sacrifice of Christ and the sacrifice of the Eucharist are one single sacrifice." Now, how can that be?
  zh: 《公教会教理》第1367条明确指出：「基督的祭献与感恩祭的祭献是同一个祭献。」这如何可能？
- start: 115.619
  end: 117.859
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Because the victim is one and the same.
  zh: 因为祭品是同一个。
- start: 117.859
  end: 124.639
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: '"The same," meaning the same Jesus, "offers through the ministry of priests, who then offered Himself on the cross.'
  zh: 「同一个」即同一位耶稣，他「藉祭司的职务作奉献，而昔日他在十字架上自作祭品」。
- start: 124.639
  end: 129.279
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Only the manner of offering is different." So it's one and the same sacrifice.
  zh: 「奉献的方式不同而已。」因此这是唯一且相同的祭献。
- start: 129.279
  end: 130.899
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It's not a second crucifixion.
  zh: 并非第二次 crucifixion。
- start: 130.899
  end: 132.519
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's going to be very important.
  zh: 这一点至关重要。
- start: 132.519
  end: 137.319
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Uh, but this is somehow participation in Christ's one sacrifice.
  zh: 但这确实是以某种方式参与基督唯一的祭献。
- start: 137.319
  end: 150.979
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And since, "In the divine sacrifice which is celebrated in the Mass, the same Christ who offered Himself once in an, in a bloody manner upon the altar of the cross is contained and offered in an un-bloody manner.
  zh: 正如教理所言：「在弥撒中所举行的神的祭献里，同一位曾在十字架祭坛上以流血方式一次自我奉献的基督，以不流血的方式被包含并被奉献。」
- start: 150.979
  end: 156.719
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This sacrifice is truly propitiatory," meaning it appeases God.
  zh: 「这祭献确实具有赎罪功效」，意味着它平息了神的义怒。
- start: 156.719
  end: 163.799
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The, the justice of God is met in some way in the offering of the Eucharist at the Mass.
  zh: 在弥撒中奉献圣餐时，神的公义以某种方式得到了满足。
- start: 163.799
  end: 168.119
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, that's gonna be confusing for a lot of reasons.
  zh: 这一点可能令人困惑。
- start: 168.119
  end: 172.899
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Number one, this distinction between the bloody and the un-bloody manner is already confusing.
  zh: 首先，流血与不流血方式的区分就让人费解。
- start: 172.899
  end: 173.659
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: What was meant by that?
  zh: 这究竟是什么意思？
- start: 173.659
  end: 175.999
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Well, let's find that out at the outset just so we understand what's going on.
  zh: 让我们从一开始就厘清这个概念。
- start: 175.999
  end: 187.059
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Because you might say, "How could you say it's un-bloody when we're offering the body and blood of Christ?" Well, because bloody doesn't just mean blood is present, but that the pouring of blood.
  zh: 或许你会问：「既然我们奉献的是基督的体血，怎能说是不流血？」关键在于『流血』不仅指血液存在，更指血液的倾流。
- start: 187.059
  end: 192.779
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Like I wouldn't describe you as bloody right now unless you've got like an open wound I don't know about.
  zh: 就像我不会说现在的你是『流血的』——除非你身上有我不知道的伤口。
- start: 192.779
  end: 195.899
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You have blood, but that blood is not being poured out.
  zh: 你体内有血液，但这些血液并未流出。
- start: 195.899
  end: 202.879
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So we talk about the bloody sacrifice of Christ on the cross as opposed to the un-bloody way in which Christ is presented now.
  zh: 因此我们说基督在十字架上流血的祭献，不同于现在以不流血方式呈现的祭献。
- start: 202.879
  end: 205.279
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We're saying we're not pouring out His blood again.
  zh: 我们并非再次倾流他的宝血。
- start: 205.279
  end: 207.459
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We are not re-crucifying Christ.
  zh: 不是在重钉基督于十架。
- start: 207.459
  end: 215.759
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's very important, 'cause this is one of the most common ways, uh, that I see Protestants misunderstand what Catholics are claiming in the first place.
  zh: 这点极其重要，因为这是新教徒最常误解公教主张的地方。
- start: 215.759
  end: 223.859
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So to make sense of this, already you have to have a sense that sacrifice is more than the pouring of blood.
  zh: 要理解这点，必须明白祭献远不止于流血。
- start: 223.859
  end: 229.199
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's gonna be a common thread to how many Evangelicals today misunderstand it.
  zh: 这正是当今许多福音派信徒的认知盲点。
- start: 229.199
  end: 230.259
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And, and understandably.
  zh: 这种误解情有可原。
- start: 230.259
  end: 233.879
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: When we think about the sacrifice of Christ, we're imagining Good Friday.
  zh: 当我们想到基督的祭献时，脑海中浮现的总是受难日的场景。
- start: 233.879
  end: 239.939
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But in fact, Biblically, the sacrifice of Christ includes Holy Thursday.
  zh: 但根据圣经，基督的祭献其实包含圣周四。
- start: 239.939
  end: 244.099
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It includes even the Ascension into Heaven, and we're gonna see all of that as we go.
  zh: 甚至包含升天事件——我们将在后续讨论中逐一查考。
- start: 244.099
  end: 244.759
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Biblically.
  zh: 这是有圣经依据的。
- start: 244.759
  end: 246.339
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You don't have to take my word for it.
  zh: 不必只听我一面之词。
- start: 246.339
  end: 248.359
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I can show you it in the Bible.
  zh: 我可以带你们查考经文。
- start: 248.359
  end: 257.859
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So, what are the objections people are gonna have to this view, that the Mass is the re-presentation of the sacrifice of Christ on the cross?
  zh: 那么，对于『弥撒是重演基督十字架祭献』这个观点，人们会有哪些反对意见？
- start: 257.859
  end: 261.339
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Well, one of them is going to be a pretty strong one, frankly.
  zh: 坦白说，其中一个反对意见相当有力。
- start: 261.339
  end: 272.419
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Hebrews 7:27 says that Jesus has no need, like those high priests, meaning the Old Testament ones, "to offer sacrifices daily, first for His own sins and then for those of the people.
  zh: 希伯来书7章27节说，耶稣「不像那些大祭司（指旧约时期的），每日必须先为自己的罪，后为百姓的罪献祭」。
- start: 272.419
  end: 286.519
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He did this once for all when He offered Himself, or offered up Himself." And so, you know, on, on the face of it, here you've got the Catholic Church every day offering the sacrifice of the Mass for the remission of sins.
  zh: 「他只一次将自己献上，就把这事成全了。」表面看来，公教会每日举行弥撒祭献为赦免罪过，似乎与此矛盾。
- start: 286.519
  end: 291.879
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And then you've got this text in Hebrews that sounds like, oh, we're not gonna need to do that as Christians.
  zh: 希伯来书的这段经文仿佛在说：基督徒无需重复献祭。
- start: 291.879
  end: 297.379
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so if you don't understand Hebrews 7 is actually saying, that looks like just a flat-out contradiction.
  zh: 若不理解希伯来书7章的真义，这看起来就是直接矛盾。
- start: 297.379
  end: 307.059
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And you might be wondering, why in the world were the early Christians convinced they were continuing every week and even every day to re-present the sacrifice of Christ?
  zh: 你或许会困惑：为何早期基督徒坚信他们每周甚至每日都在重演基督的祭献？
- start: 307.059
  end: 313.919
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Because please understand, what I'm describing here isn't some late modern, medieval, whatever Catholic view.
  zh: 请注意，我在此阐述的并非中世纪或近代才出现的公教观点。
- start: 313.919
  end: 319.159
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You can find the earliest Christians speaking in no uncertain terms about this very point.
  zh: 初代基督徒对此早有明确教导。
- start: 319.159
  end: 329.459
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: In fact, as far back as the first century, in- indeed, we're gonna see even within the text of scripture itself, there is this understanding that this is the sacrifice of Christ.
  zh: 事实上，早在公元一世纪，甚至在圣经文本内部，就已存在这种理解。
- start: 329.459
  end: 335.959
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So why would we believe that when Hebrews 7:27 seems to say the opposite?
  zh: 既然希伯来书7章27节看似持相反观点，我们为何仍持守这信念？
- start: 335.959
  end: 344.299
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And I want you to just hold that in mind, because that's going to be a lot of what we're, we're looking at in making sense of what Hebrews is actually talking about.
  zh: 请将这个问题存记于心，因为这将是我们理解希伯来书真意的关键。
- start: 344.299
  end: 347.979
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But I want to give two other objections that you might hear along the way.
  zh: 此外我还想列举另外两个常见质疑。
- start: 347.979
  end: 351.299
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The second one, this is, uh, literally from a week ago.
  zh: 第二个质疑来自一周前——
- start: 351.299
  end: 353.519
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: A Protestant elder gave a...
  zh: 一位新教长老...
- start: 353.519
  end: 361.341
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: For some reason, a lot of Evangelicals who don't understand Catholicism at all think it's important to give sermons during-...
  zh: 不知为何，许多完全不了解公教的福音派人士总喜欢在——
- start: 361.341
  end: 367.621
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: their own liturgical life, like during their own church services, where it's a bunch of evangelicals gathered together.
  zh: 他们自己的礼拜仪式中，向聚集的会众...
- start: 367.621
  end: 375.201
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And instead of, like, presenting anything about J- like, Jesus' death and resurrection, they gossip about Catholicism and give false teachings.
  zh: 不是宣讲耶稣的死与复活，而是散播关于公教的谣言和错误教导。
- start: 375.201
  end: 377.461
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And that's unfortunate, but this is a thing you're gonna find.
  zh: 这很不幸，但确实存在这种现象。
- start: 377.461
  end: 385.301
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so, this sermon was called How Rome Re-crucifies Christ, the Fatal Error Behind Roman Catholic Eucharist.
  zh: 那篇讲道题为《罗马如何重钉基督：罗马天主教圣餐背后的致命谬误》。
- start: 385.301
  end: 398.121
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And now, even from the title, you should be able to say, "Oh, that's exactly the opposite of what the catechism just said." They just said it wasn't re-crucifying Christ, it's representing his once for all death on the cross.
  zh: 单看标题就能发现：「这完全与教理所述相反。」教理明确说这不是重钉基督，而是重现他一次永远的十字架牺牲。
- start: 398.121
  end: 403.661
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But okay, here's how that elder claims Catholic theology works.
  zh: 那位长老如此描述公教神学：
- start: 403.661
  end: 408.801
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And I want to be fair, I don't think he's intentionally lying, although he couldn't be much further from the truth.
  zh: 公平地说，我认为他并非故意撒谎，尽管与真相相去甚远。
- start: 408.801
  end: 414.061
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I think he just does not understand what the Bible or the church says about sacrifice.
  zh: 他只是不理解圣经和教会关于祭献的教导。
- start: 414.061
  end: 418.601
  speaker: speaker_1
  en: So when you go to a Roman Catholic church, at the front is not a pulpit, it's an altar.
  zh: 「当你走进罗马天主教堂，前方不是讲道台，而是祭坛。
- start: 418.601
  end: 436.141
  speaker: speaker_1
  en: And on that altar, the priest conducts a service called the Mass or the Eucharist, whereby he calls down the physical body, the physical blood, the soul, and the divinity of Christ to come into the actual elements.
  zh: 祭司在祭坛上举行弥撒或圣餐礼，召叫基督的物质身体、物质血液、灵魂和神性进入饼酒实体。
- start: 436.141
  end: 443.941
  speaker: speaker_1
  en: Transubstantiation, transforming the elements into Christ.
  zh: 这就是变体论——将饼酒实质转变为基督。
- start: 443.941
  end: 448.581
  speaker: speaker_1
  en: And then once the priest does that, what does he do?
  zh: 然后祭司做了什么？
- start: 448.581
  end: 451.721
  speaker: speaker_1
  en: He re-kills Christ.
  zh: 他重新杀害基督。」
- start: 451.721
  end: 454.701
  speaker: speaker_1
  en: He re-crucifies him.
  zh: 他重新把基督钉十字架。」
- start: 454.701
  end: 464.701
  speaker: speaker_1
  en: He transforms the elements, and then he takes the wafer and he holds it up, and he breaks the "body" of Jesus again.
  zh: 「他使饼酒变质后，举起面饼掰开，再次撕裂耶稣的『身体』。
- start: 464.701
  end: 473.101
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, if you understand Catholic theology at all, you realize this is a really cringe-worthy misunderstanding of the Catholic claim.
  zh: 但凡了解公教神学，就会知道这是对公教主张极其尴尬的误解。
- start: 473.101
  end: 491.601
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Remember in paragraph 1367, where it says, "The same Christ who offered himself once in a bloody manner on the altar of the cross, is contained and offered in an un-bloody manner now with the Eucharist." So, very explicitly, the church is saying, "Yeah, we don't re-kill Christ.
  zh: 请回想教理1367条所言：『同一位曾在十字架祭坛上以流血方式一次自我奉献的基督，如今以不流血的方式被包含在圣餐中奉献。』教会明确声明：『我们并非再次杀害基督。
- start: 491.601
  end: 501.901
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We don't think we're doing Good Friday every day, in terms of, like, sacrificing Christ over and over again in separate sacrificial actions, where we're killing him time and time and time again.
  zh: 我们不认为每日都在重复受难日的事件——通过多次独立的祭献行动反复杀害基督。
- start: 501.901
  end: 516.181
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We're not re-crucifying Christ." And yet, this is a very common Evangelical misunderstanding, and I think what it points to is not just how badly Evangelicals tend to misunderstand Catholicism, but how badly they misunderstand the Bible.
  zh: 不是在重钉基督。』然而这却是福音派常见的误解，不仅暴露他们对公教的无知，更显示其对圣经理解的偏差。
- start: 516.181
  end: 517.061
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Namely this.
  zh: 关键在于：
- start: 517.061
  end: 524.441
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Many of us, when we imagine what the Bible means by sacrifice, just in- have en- envisioned this idea of ritual killing.
  zh: 许多人将圣经中的『祭献』简单等同于仪式性宰杀。
- start: 524.441
  end: 530.441
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But as we're going to see, the Biblical meaning of sacrifice involves a lot more than that.
  zh: 但我们将看到，圣经中的祭献远不止于此。
- start: 530.441
  end: 533.441
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I'm gonna give you plenty of Biblical examples as we go.
  zh: 后续我会提供大量圣经例证。
- start: 533.441
  end: 544.961
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But for now, just realize what we have here isn't just a, a misrepresentation of the Catholic view, but a misrepresentation of the Biblical idea of sacrifice, and a very common one.
  zh: 现在只需明白：这不仅是对公教观点的曲解，更是对圣经祭献概念的普遍误读。
- start: 544.961
  end: 551.581
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, the third objection you'll hear is, "Well, no, this cannot be the............................
  zh: 第三个常见质疑是：『这绝不可能是基督祭献的......
- start: 551.581
  end: 561.001
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: of the sacrifice of Christ in any sense, because Christ, on the cross, said, 'It is finished.'" And you'll hear this very popular story about what those words mean.
  zh: "......任何形式的重现，因为基督在十字架上说「成了」。』关于这个词的含义有个流行解释："
- start: 561.001
  end: 566.121
  speaker: speaker_2
  en: He said, "It is finished." And he bowed his head and gave up his spirit.
  zh: 「他说『成了』，就低下头，将灵魂交付了。」
- start: 566.121
  end: 573.481
  speaker: speaker_2
  en: The English phrase that's translated "it is finished," is a single word in the original Greek text, tetelestai.
  zh: 英文译作『it is finished』的原文是希腊文单词tetelestai。
- start: 573.481
  end: 580.001
  speaker: speaker_2
  en: It means that something has been brought to its final conclusion, fully accomplished, and nothing more needs to be added.
  zh: 据说这个词表示某事已彻底完成，无需任何补充。
- start: 580.001
  end: 584.961
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So you'll notice, all that's saying is, "It is finished," means it is finished.
  zh: 但请注意：『成了』的字面意思就是『完成了』。
- start: 584.961
  end: 591.781
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This idea of, "Nothing more needs to be added," that's not actually found in the Greek, that's just theology being applied on top of the Greek.
  zh: 『无需任何补充』这层含义并非希腊文原意，而是附加的神学解读。
- start: 591.781
  end: 601.761
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And we can get into whether that theology is right or wrong, but saying something is fulfilled or finished doesn't actually, by itself, say that there's not gonna be anything else added.
  zh: 我们暂且不论这种神学是否正确，但『某事已成就』本身并不排除后续发展。
- start: 601.761
  end: 606.021
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Like, when Christ fulfills scripture, that doesn't mean that there are gonna be no more scriptures.
  zh: 就像基督应验圣经，不表示此后不再有经文。
- start: 606.021
  end: 613.481
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And, as we're gonna see, it's a very relevant example, because the same language is gonna be used for Christ's fulfillment of scripture.
  zh: 这个例子非常贴切，因为基督用相同措辞谈论经文的应验。
- start: 613.481
  end: 620.701
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: In fact, on the cross, when Jesus says, "It is finished," he's talking about scripture.
  zh: 事实上，耶稣在十字架上说『成了』时，指的就是圣经的应验。
- start: 620.701
  end: 622.641
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But that's not what many Evangelicals will tell you.
  zh: 但许多福音派人士不会告诉你这点。
- start: 622.641
  end: 630.661
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: They'll tell you, "'It is finished,' is this common expression that you find in a bunch of places, but allegedly, particularly in one."
  zh: 他们会说：『『成了』是古代常见用语，尤其常用于某领域』
- start: 630.661
  end: 638.401
  speaker: speaker_2
  en: However, it was most commonly used in Greek business, in association with the repayment of debts, when the final balance was paid off.
  zh: 『据说这个词最常见于希腊商业文书，指债务偿清』
- start: 638.401
  end: 645.301
  speaker: speaker_2
  en: The creditor would write the word tetelestai across the certificate of debt, signifying that it was paid in full.
  zh: 『债权人会在债券上写tetelestai，表示全额清偿』
- start: 645.301
  end: 650.461
  speaker: speaker_2
  en: It meant that the obligation was completely satisfied, and the debtor was free.
  zh: 『意味着义务完全履行，债务人得自由』
- start: 650.461
  end: 655.101
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: As you can imagine, people like to draw profound theological meanings from this.
  zh: 可想而知，人们喜欢由此引申深奥神学含义。
- start: 655.101
  end: 675.241
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So it's, "Look, we don't have to do anything, because Christ pays our debt in full, and that's what tetelestai means when he says, 'It is finished.'" The problem is, this is just literally not true, including all of the alleged claims about ancient documents that had tetelestai written on, you know, debts that were owed, and then this was a way of saying that it was filled out.
  zh: 于是演变成：『看啊，我们无需做任何事，因为基督已全额代偿——这就是他说『成了』时tetelestai的含义。』问题在于：这完全不符合事实，包括所有关于古代债务文书写tetelestai的说法。
- start: 675.241
  end: 680.981
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This is a 19th century error that we've known was false for more than 90 years.
  zh: 这是19世纪的讹误，我们早在上世纪30年代就知其谬。
- start: 680.981
  end: 692.361
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: In fact, if you, you don't have to take my word for it as a Catholic, Biola University's Talbot School of Theology, uh, Dr. Gary Manning, who I believe is the head of the MDiv program there, but I may be mistaken about that.
  zh: 不必采信我这个公教徒的说法——拜欧拉大学塔尔伯特神学院的盖瑞·曼宁博士（该校道学硕士项目负责人，可能记忆有误）
- start: 692.361
  end: 698.801
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He, in any case, he's done work on this exact area, and he went to find out if this was true.
  zh: 专门研究过这个领域，曾考证此说真伪。
- start: 698.801
  end: 719.121
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He, in his words, he says, "Since I'm writing a commentary on John, thought it'd be worthwhile to look at all the papyri on which this claim was based." Because this idea, this, this notion that this was a common thing used for, uh, the repayment of debt, is coming from receipts, particularly 40 tariff import/export receipts found in Egypt.
  zh: 他写道：『因正在撰写约翰福音注释，我查阅了支持此说的所有纸莎草文献。』所谓『tetelestai常用于债务清偿』的说法，其实源于埃及出土的40份关税收据。
- start: 719.121
  end: 722.141
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And what he finds is that none of them actually say tetelestai.
  zh: 他发现这些文献根本没写tetelestai。
- start: 722.141
  end: 725.021
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Instead they just say total, it's an abbreviation.
  zh: 只写着缩写词total。
- start: 725.021
  end: 737.896
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And the problem with that is that there are at least five different Greek words that begin with total.And the one that this obviously refers to is not tetelestai, but instead, the term taxed or paid as taxes.
  zh: 问题在于：至少有五个希腊词以total开头，此处明显指『已课税』而非tetelestai。
- start: 737.896
  end: 738.676
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Why?
  zh: 为何？
- start: 738.676
  end: 740.735
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Because these are tax documents.
  zh: 因为这些都是税务文件。
- start: 740.735
  end: 753.075
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so when you see tax documents with the beginning of the word for tax in Greek, the obvious word that you're looking for there is a word for the taxes were paid, not the debt is paid in full.
  zh: 在希腊文税务文件里看到tax词根，显然是指『税款已缴』而非『债务清偿』。
- start: 753.075
  end: 758.895
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Well, this matters because, well, for one, we've known this since at least 1934.
  zh: 这很重要——首先，我们至少从1934年就知道真相。
- start: 758.895
  end: 771.956
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And the publishers of the papyri realized that they had misunderstood this as being short for tetelestai, and the official papyri databases now recognize the correct translation as, as the payment of taxes.
  zh: 纸莎草文献的出版者意识到他们误将缩写当作tetelestai，如今官方数据库已采用正确译法『税款已付』。
- start: 771.956
  end: 785.275
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But more importantly, this means that in John 19 when Jesus cries out, "Tetelestai," He's not saying, "I paid your taxes," nor is he saying, "I paid your debt of sin," because that's not the way the term was used.
  zh: 更重要的是：约翰福音19章耶稣喊『成了』时，既非说『我替你缴了税』，也非说『我清偿了你的罪债』——因该词本无此用法。
- start: 785.275
  end: 791.055
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And all of the papyri that allegedly support that don't because they were looking at the wrong word.
  zh: 所有声称支持此说的纸莎草文献都站不住脚——他们看错了单词。
- start: 791.055
  end: 802.995
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: They- it was, you know, a sh- a shortened abbreviation, and they guessed the wrong abbreviation, and it's now very clear to anyone involved that on a tax document that the word is about taxes, not a, you know...
  zh: 那只是个缩写词，他们猜错了全称。如今学界皆知税务文件上的词必与税收相关...
- start: 802.995
  end: 807.675
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: L- it, it's really tempting to view it as tetelestai, but it just doesn't make sense in context.
  zh: 虽然容易误读为tetelestai，但在上下文中完全说不通。
- start: 807.675
  end: 812.515
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But fine, that just shows that those 40 documents, that wasn't the case.
  zh: 至少这40份文献不支持该说法。
- start: 812.515
  end: 816.895
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But Dr. Manning then decided to look around to find any other place where you...
  zh: 曼宁博士继而查阅其他文献...
- start: 816.895
  end: 825.395
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: "'Cause you have actual documents where debts are paid off and not one of them uses to tell or tetelestai, uh, to describe paid in full."
  zh: 发现真实的债务清偿文书中，无一用tetelestai表示『全额清偿』。
- start: 825.395
  end: 838.955
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It just is literally not used in any ancient document, any of the ancient Greek sources, any of the ancient Greek papyri, any ancient Greek inscriptions to use this thing that it allegedly frequently most commonly meant.
  zh: 古希腊文献、纸莎草、铭文中，根本不存在所谓『tetelestai常表此意』的例证。
- start: 838.955
  end: 842.115
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It just literally did not mean that.
  zh: 该词压根没有这层含义。
- start: 842.115
  end: 852.355
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And then he points out that contextually, John 19, there's a much more obvious explanation, that what does Jesus mean by tetelestai?
  zh: 他进而指出：约翰福音19章的上下文提供了更明显的解释——耶稣说『成了』究竟何意？
- start: 852.355
  end: 854.435
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Well, look at the Greek of John 19.
  zh: 请看约翰福音19章原文：
- start: 854.435
  end: 856.035
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Jesus says...
  zh: 耶稣说...
- start: 856.035
  end: 861.795
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Well, or excuse me, John says that Jesus, knowing that all was now finished, again, tetelestai is used right there.
  zh: 更正：约翰记载『耶稣知道各样的事已经成了』，此处就用了tetelestai。
- start: 861.795
  end: 864.475
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So here's an important bit.
  zh: 关键点在于：
- start: 864.475
  end: 870.735
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: John 19:28 uses tetelestai, and then verse 30 uses tetelestai.
  zh: 约翰福音19章28节与30节都用了tetelestai。
- start: 870.735
  end: 881.195
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And evangelicals take his meaning in verse 30 without acknowledging the meaning in verse 28 'cause in verse 28, what's being fulfilled is not a debt of sin.
  zh: 福音派只取30节的含义，却忽略28节——因28节应验的不是罪债清偿。
- start: 881.195
  end: 883.435
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: What's being fulfilled is the scripture.
  zh: 而是圣经的应验。
- start: 883.435
  end: 886.635
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That scripture is now being fulfilled.
  zh: 『圣经现在正得应验』
- start: 886.635
  end: 896.415
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And then in case we missed it, in case we had any ambiguity, John says, after having said, "All was now fulfilled," he then says, "To fulfill the scripture," and uses a, a variant.
  zh: 为免读者遗漏或误解，约翰在说完『各样的事已经成了』后，又用变体形式说『为要应验经上的话』。
- start: 896.415
  end: 898.035
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The, uh, tetelestai.
  zh: 即tetelestai。
- start: 898.035
  end: 899.335
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Tetelestai.
  zh: 『成了』
- start: 899.335
  end: 907.115
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And, and so it's very clear from John 20- 19:28 to 30 what it is that's being fulfilled here.
  zh: 约翰福音19章28至30节清楚表明这里应验的是圣经。
- start: 907.115
  end: 908.995
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Scripture is being fulfilled here.
  zh: 圣经在此得着应验。
- start: 908.995
  end: 913.955
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, how is scripture being fulfilled by Jesus saying, "I thirst"?
  zh: 那么耶稣说『我渴了』如何应验圣经？
- start: 913.955
  end: 916.995
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Why does John say that he says this to fulfill the scripture?
  zh: 为何约翰说这话是为应验圣经？
- start: 916.995
  end: 920.495
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I mean, surely, Jesus was thirsty before this.
  zh: 耶稣此前肯定也口渴过。
- start: 920.495
  end: 926.495
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, there's a whole sacrificial dimension, and I really was tempted to explore that.
  zh: 这其实涉及完整的祭献维度，我本想深入探讨。
- start: 926.495
  end: 933.575
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But I didn't both, number one, for reasons of time, and number two, because Scott Hahn has already done a better job of that in what's called The Fourth Cup.
  zh: 但一来时间有限，二来斯科特·哈恩在《第四杯》中已有更精彩的论述。
- start: 933.575
  end: 942.735
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So if you find his talk or I believe it's a book by that same title, it explains that in the liturgical context of the Passover, there were four cups.
  zh: 若你查阅他的讲座或同名著作，会看到逾越节礼仪中有四个杯的记载。
- start: 942.735
  end: 947.935
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: If you read the liturgy of the Last Supper in the New Testament, there's only three.
  zh: 新约最后晚餐的礼仪中只提到三个杯。
- start: 947.935
  end: 959.455
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so Christ bringing this ritual act to completion, bringing this liturgical action of the Passover to its fulfillment says, "I thirst." Obviously, he'd been thirsting before that.
  zh: 因此基督说『我渴了』是为完成这仪式行动，实现逾越节礼仪的圆满——虽然他此前早已口渴。
- start: 959.455
  end: 962.335
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So the thirst of Christ is to fulfill the scripture.
  zh: 基督的渴求是为应验圣经。
- start: 962.335
  end: 965.935
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And it is a culmination of these things.
  zh: 这是整个事件的高潮。
- start: 965.935
  end: 968.975
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It i- you- you have to understand tetelestai in light of that.
  zh: 必须在此背景下理解『成了』的含义。
- start: 968.975
  end: 976.975
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so unfortunately, evangelicals aren't reading John 19:30 in the context of John 19:28.
  zh: 遗憾的是，福音派解经时未将约翰福音19章30节与28节联系起来。
- start: 976.975
  end: 982.255
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: They're reading it in light of alleged papyri that turn out not to say what they thought they did.
  zh: 他们依据的纸莎草文献其实并不支持其观点。
- start: 982.255
  end: 984.275
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's bad biblical exegesis.
  zh: 这是糟糕的圣经诠释。
- start: 984.275
  end: 994.015
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So the idea that Christ says, "It is finished," so therefore, the entire work of our redemption is finished or the entire work of justification is finished, that's bad exegesis.
  zh: 因此『基督说『成了』意味着救赎或称义之工已完成』的观点是错误的解经。
- start: 994.015
  end: 1003.355
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: What's, what's more, Saint Paul explicitly says, "Christ rose again for our justification." So that read of scripture is actually contradicted by the New Testament.
  zh: 更何况圣保罗明确说『耶稣复活是为叫我们称义』——新约本身已否定那种解读。
- start: 1003.355
  end: 1004.015
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: No.
  zh: 不。
- start: 1004.015
  end: 1011.735
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: If you understand what's happening sacrificially, this is, by all means, a once-for-all portion of the sacrifice.
  zh: 若从祭献角度理解，这确实是『一次永远』的祭献部分。
- start: 1011.735
  end: 1015.395
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This is not the complete sacrifice that Jesus offers us.
  zh: 但并非耶稣献上的完整祭献。
- start: 1015.395
  end: 1016.495
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This is part of it.
  zh: 只是其中一部分。
- start: 1016.495
  end: 1017.995
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And we'll get into that.
  zh: 后续我们会详述。
- start: 1017.995
  end: 1028.455
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But going back to Dr. Manning, he says this view that Jesus was proclaiming the fulfillment of scripture, the last view taken by everybody from Saint Leo the Great to Martin Luther.
  zh: 曼宁博士指出：从圣大利奥到马丁·路德，历代先贤都持守『耶稣宣告圣经应验』的观点。
- start: 1028.455
  end: 1031.795
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Jesus' work is completed, and scripture is fulfilled.
  zh: 『耶稣的工作已完成，圣经已应验』
- start: 1031.795
  end: 1036.055
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Then he says, "The interpretation..." Oh, excuse me.
  zh: 他接着说：『那种诠释...』抱歉——
- start: 1036.055
  end: 1040.935
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Uh, "'Paid in full,' while an attractive and harmless suggestion," I'm not sure it is harmless.
  zh: 『『全额清偿』的说法虽吸引人且看似无害』（我对其无害性存疑）
- start: 1040.935
  end: 1059.155
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But he says, "While it's an attractive and harmless suggestion, it's based on a misreading of the evidence, doesn't fit the context well, and was never suggested before the 20th century." So there's this very brief window in time in the early 20th century where scholars think they've found these papyris that say tetelestai.
  zh: 『实则基于对证据的误读，与上下文不符，且20世纪前从未有人提出』。20世纪初曾有学者误以为发现写有tetelestai的纸莎草文献。
- start: 1059.155
  end: 1065.855
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And this becomes a popular kind of legend among Protestant pastors, and it gets spread from pulpit to pulpit.
  zh: 这说法在新教牧师间口耳相传，成为流行传说。
- start: 1065.855
  end: 1072.435
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so even though scholars actually pretty quickly correct that error, it lives on as kind of popular lore.
  zh: 尽管学界很快纠正错误，却仍作为民间说法流传。
- start: 1072.435
  end: 1077.415
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So the people s- claiming this rarely, if ever, bother even trying to point to papyri.
  zh: 如今持此说者几乎从不引证具体文献。
- start: 1077.415
  end: 1082.955
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: They just say, "Oh, yeah, they're out there somewhere." If you look at them, you'll find out they don't actually say that.
  zh: 只会说『文献里写着呢』——查证后便知子虚乌有。
- start: 1082.955
  end: 1088.375
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So okay, the paid in full meaning of it is finished is clearly bad.
  zh: 因此『成了』表示『全额清偿』显然是错误理解。
- start: 1088.375
  end: 1090.095
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I mean, it's just bad exegesis.
  zh: 这是错误的解经。
- start: 1090.095
  end: 1091.575
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Mo- may or may not be bad theology.
  zh: 其神学正确与否姑且不论。
- start: 1091.575
  end: 1092.375
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We'll get into that.
  zh: 我们后续再讨论。
- start: 1092.375
  end: 1095.675
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But that still is going to leave these other questions.
  zh: 但其他问题依然存在：
- start: 1095.675
  end: 1100.505
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Why isn't the cross a re-killing of Christ?...
  zh: 为何十字架不是重钉基督？...
- start: 1100.505
  end: 1103.305
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: as some have erroneously claimed Catholics believe.
  zh: ——像某些人错误宣称公教徒所信的那样。
- start: 1103.305
  end: 1114.445
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And how do we make sense of the cross in the sense that Jesus' death is once for all, and yet Catholics claim to still be participating in it in some fascinating way?
  zh: 如何理解基督『一次永远』的死亡，同时公教徒宣称以某种奇妙方式持续参与其中？
- start: 1114.445
  end: 1116.645
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: There's a few things we've got to sort out here.
  zh: 我们需要厘清几个要点。
- start: 1116.645
  end: 1122.046
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We're going to look at the parts of a Jewish sacrifice, then we're going to look at a few particular Jewish sacrifices.
  zh: 首先考察犹太祭献的组成部分，再分析几种特定祭献。
- start: 1122.046
  end: 1129.605
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: First of all, the Passover, because this is the number one motif through which the New Testament authors tell us to make sense of Christ's death.
  zh: 首先是逾越节——这是新约作者理解基督受死的首要预表。
- start: 1129.605
  end: 1132.666
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Second, uh, we'll look at Yom Kippur.
  zh: 其次是赎罪日。
- start: 1132.666
  end: 1139.745
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And then third, we're going to look at this underappreciated part of Hebrews 9 that talks about the creation of a covenant.
  zh: 最后探讨希伯来书9章论立约的段落——这部分常被忽视。
- start: 1139.745
  end: 1144.246
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So with that, let's start with the parts of a Jewish sacrifice.
  zh: 现在从犹太祭献的构成说起。
- start: 1144.246
  end: 1150.385
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: As I said, a lot of us today when we hear the term sacrifice, just imagine that means ritual killing.
  zh: 如前所述，如今许多人将『祭献』简单等同于仪式性宰杀。
- start: 1150.385
  end: 1152.205
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But there's more to it.
  zh: 但其内涵更为丰富。
- start: 1152.205
  end: 1156.005
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So the mere fact that let's say you're a farmer and you kill a goat.
  zh: 假设你是个农夫，宰杀了一只山羊。
- start: 1156.005
  end: 1159.845
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You're a goat farmer for purposes of our analogy.
  zh: （为便于类比，假设你是牧羊人）
- start: 1159.845
  end: 1161.706
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Is that automatically a sacrifice?
  zh: 这自动构成祭献吗？
- start: 1161.706
  end: 1162.425
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It's not.
  zh: 并非如此。
- start: 1162.425
  end: 1173.585
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: There are a bunch of different sacrifices in the Old Testament, but broadly speaking, we can talk about a few different sort of steps or, or stages in a sacrificial action.
  zh: 旧约有多种祭献，但大体可分为几个步骤或阶段。
- start: 1173.585
  end: 1177.965
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And these, significantly, these are not going to be four separate sacrifices.
  zh: 需注意：这不是四个独立祭献，
- start: 1177.965
  end: 1181.005
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: These are going to be four parts of one sacrifice.
  zh: 而是一个祭献的四个部分。
- start: 1181.005
  end: 1186.725
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, I'm going to use the peace offering because I think you're going to see this more clearly with that.
  zh: 我以平安祭为例——这样更清晰。
- start: 1186.725
  end: 1195.685
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Different sacrifices m- are going to vary somewhat, but this is just to give you the, the basic skeleton of what we mean biblically when we're talking about sacrifice.
  zh: 各类祭献虽有差异，但这能呈现圣经所言祭献的基本框架。
- start: 1195.685
  end: 1208.345
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So in Leviticus, uh, chapter 3, it says, "If a man's offering is a sacrifice," peace offering, "if he offers an animal from the herd, male or female, he shall offer it without blemish before the Lord." Okay, so there's actually going to be step one.
  zh: 利未记3章记载：『人献供物为平安祭，若是从牛群中献，无论公母，必用没有残疾的献在耶和华面前。』这是第一步。
- start: 1208.345
  end: 1210.365
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: There, you dedicate this animal.
  zh: 即献上牲畜。
- start: 1210.365
  end: 1219.865
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Before it's even dead, you say, "This is the one I'm going to be offering." That you don't just wait till an animal's dead and be like, "Oh yeah, the one that just got hit by a truck, that's the one you get, God." Doesn't work like that.
  zh: 在牲畜存活时就宣告『这是我要献上的』，而非等它被车撞死后说『神啊，这死羊归你了』——祭献绝非如此。
- start: 1219.865
  end: 1223.345
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You have to give it to God first before it's even killed.
  zh: 必须在宰杀前就献给神。
- start: 1223.345
  end: 1231.865
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Then you lay your hand upon the head of the offering and you kill it at the door of the tent of meeting, and then Aaron's sons, the priests then throw the blood against the altar around it.
  zh: 接着按手在祭牲头上，在会幕门口宰杀，亚伦子孙作祭司的把血洒在坛周围。
- start: 1231.865
  end: 1237.985
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So you have then the ritual killing and then the application of the blood.
  zh: 于是有了仪式性宰杀与洒血。
- start: 1237.985
  end: 1242.305
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So we now have three steps, but that's not actually it.
  zh: 目前提到三个步骤，但尚未结束。
- start: 1242.305
  end: 1249.685
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: In Leviticus 7, we've discovered that the flesh of the sacrifice, the peace offering, shall be eaten on the day of his offering.
  zh: 利未记7章指出：平安祭的肉要在献祭当日吃掉。
- start: 1249.685
  end: 1252.285
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, this is particularly the peace offerings for thanksgiving.
  zh: 尤其是感恩的平安祭。
- start: 1252.285
  end: 1256.725
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, remember, the word Eucharist comes from the word for thanksgiving.
  zh: 记住：『圣餐』（Eucharist）一词源自『感恩』。
- start: 1256.725
  end: 1262.985
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So this gives us maybe a helpful way of understanding the Eucharistic sacrifice, as we're going to get into that.
  zh: 这对理解圣餐祭献很有帮助——我们稍后会详述。
- start: 1262.985
  end: 1268.325
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But the peace offerings for thanksgiving, you had to eat them on the day they were offered.
  zh: 感恩的平安祭必须在献祭当日吃完。
- start: 1268.325
  end: 1270.785
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You couldn't leave any of it until morning.
  zh: 不可留到早晨。
- start: 1270.785
  end: 1279.665
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: In fact, it says, "If any of the flesh of the sacrifice of this peace offering is eaten on the third day, he who offers it shall not be accepted, neither shall it be credited to him.
  zh: 经文说：『第三天若吃了平安祭的肉，这祭必不蒙悦纳，人所献的也不记算。
- start: 1279.665
  end: 1288.805
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It shall be an abomination, and he who eats of it shall bear his iniquity." So notice, the eating wasn't just a thing you did after the sacrifice.
  zh: 这祭物是可憎的，吃的人必担当他的罪孽。』可见吃祭肉并非祭献后的随意行为。
- start: 1288.805
  end: 1293.945
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The eating was a necessary step for the sacrifice to be accepted.
  zh: 吃祭肉是祭献蒙悦纳的必要步骤。
- start: 1293.945
  end: 1301.225
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's going to be obviously pretty important, because you'll notice that means there's at least four distinct stages to the sacrifice.
  zh: 这显然极为重要——你会发现祭献至少包含四个明确阶段：
- start: 1301.225
  end: 1309.545
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You have the offering or sometimes called the consecration of the animal, you then have the ritual killing of the animal, you then have the application or the presentation of the blood of the animal.
  zh: 献上祭牲（或称祝圣）、仪式性宰杀、洒血或呈献牲血，
- start: 1309.545
  end: 1311.745
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And it's going to look different in different sacrifices.
  zh: 不同祭献形式各异。
- start: 1311.745
  end: 1318.385
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: As we're going to see with the Passover, the, uh, presentation of blood isn't going to be around the altar, it's going to be on the doorposts.
  zh: 比如逾越节的血不是洒在祭坛周围，而是涂在门框上。
- start: 1318.385
  end: 1320.445
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And then you have the eating of the animal.
  zh: 最后是吃祭牲。
- start: 1320.445
  end: 1324.545
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Those four stages aren't four different sacrifices.
  zh: 这四个阶段不是四个独立祭献，
- start: 1324.545
  end: 1327.905
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Those are four parts of one sacrifice.
  zh: 而是一个祭献的四个部分。
- start: 1327.905
  end: 1338.085
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And if you want to understand Jesus' sacrifice, you need to break out of the idea that sacrifice is just the death and be looking for, where does Christ offer himself?
  zh: 要理解基督的祭献，必须突破『祭献仅是死亡』的观念，去思考：基督在何处献上自己？
- start: 1338.085
  end: 1340.705
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Where does Christ lay down his life to die?
  zh: 在何处舍命？
- start: 1340.705
  end: 1343.825
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Where is Christ's blood applied and presented?
  zh: 他的血在何处被应用和呈献？
- start: 1343.825
  end: 1346.665
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: There's going to be actually two places, one on earth and one in heaven.
  zh: 其实有两处——地上与天上。
- start: 1346.665
  end: 1349.885
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And then where do we eat the flesh of Christ?
  zh: 我们又在哪里吃基督的肉？
- start: 1349.885
  end: 1356.305
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Once you understand sacrifice having those dimensions, the Eucharist fits in perfectly.
  zh: 明白祭献的这些维度后，圣餐就完美契合其中。
- start: 1356.305
  end: 1361.225
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And what's more, you see the connection between the Last Supper and Good Friday, because here's the thing.
  zh: 进而能看见最后晚餐与受难日的关联——关键在于：
- start: 1361.225
  end: 1371.925
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It's not just that evangelical Protestants broadly can't understand how the Catholic sacrifice of the Mass fits in with Good Friday, it's that they can't understand how Holy Thursday is related to Good Friday.
  zh: 不仅福音派普遍无法理解弥撒祭献如何与受难日衔接，他们甚至不明白圣周四与受难日的关系。
- start: 1371.925
  end: 1379.525
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so they think of Good Friday as a standalone sacrifice with just the killing, but there's no offertory aspect.
  zh: 他们将受难日视为仅有死亡的独立祭献，却忽略了奉献层面。
- start: 1379.525
  end: 1380.945
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's not even a sacrifice.
  zh: 这甚至不构成祭献。
- start: 1380.945
  end: 1387.085
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The mere fact somebody or something dies doesn't automatically make it a sacrificial death.
  zh: 人或物的死亡本身不自动成为祭献性死亡。
- start: 1387.085
  end: 1394.905
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: There has to be a laying down of the life of the animal, or in the case of Christ, his laying down of hi- of his own life.
  zh: 必须主动舍命——就基督而言，是他甘愿舍弃自己的生命。
- start: 1394.905
  end: 1396.205
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And where do we see him do that?
  zh: 我们在何处看见他这样做？
- start: 1396.205
  end: 1398.325
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: As we're going to see at the Last Supper.
  zh: 正是在最后晚餐中。
- start: 1398.325
  end: 1405.445
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So with that, let's turn from peace offerings and look particularly at the Passover sacrifice.
  zh: 现在让我们从平安祭转向逾越节祭献。
- start: 1405.445
  end: 1407.605
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And why the Passover sacrifice?
  zh: 为何选择逾越节祭献？
- start: 1407.605
  end: 1416.405
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: As I already alluded to, this is, if you want to understand the sacrifice of Christ, from start to finish throughout the New Testament, you are pointed towards the Passover.
  zh: 如前所述，若要完整理解基督的祭献，新约处处指向逾越节。
- start: 1416.405
  end: 1423.605
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: For instance, John the Baptist in John 1 says, "Behold the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world." That is a Passover reference, right?
  zh: 比如施洗约翰在约翰福音1章说：『看哪，神的羔羊，除去世人罪孽的。』这明显指逾越节羔羊。
- start: 1423.605
  end: 1429.985
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Likewise, at the Last Supper, the- right, right before it, I should say, Jesus says, "My time is at hand.
  zh: 同样，在最后晚餐前，耶稣说：『我的时候快到了。
- start: 1429.985
  end: 1432.785
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I will keep the Passover at your house with my disciples." Right?
  zh: 我要和门徒在你家里守逾越节。』
- start: 1432.785
  end: 1436.345
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Like, that's what he tells the disciples to go and tell the owner of the upper room.
  zh: 这是他让门徒转告楼房主人的话。
- start: 1436.345
  end: 1440.345
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So he's presenting the Last Supper as his Passover.
  zh: 因此他将最后晚餐呈现为自己的逾越节。
- start: 1440.345
  end: 1446.785
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And that's going to be very important when we realize what's strange about the Passover of Christ.
  zh: 当我们发现基督逾越节的独特之处时，这点就至关重要。
- start: 1446.785
  end: 1450.765
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So let's get into th- well, the way the Passover sacrifice looked.
  zh: 现在让我们看看逾越节祭献的构成。
- start: 1450.765
  end: 1458.545
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Very similar to the stages that I described, but this is actually clearer in certain ways, because there's two separate days involved.
  zh: 与我描述的阶段非常相似，但因涉及两个不同日子，某些方面反而更清晰。
- start: 1458.545
  end: 1461.245
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: First, you have the 14th day of the month of Nisan.
  zh: 首先是尼散月十四日。
- start: 1461.245
  end: 1463.805
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This is not like Nissan like the car.
  zh: （不是日产汽车那个Nissan）
- start: 1463.805
  end: 1464.725
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This is the Jewish month.
  zh: 这是犹太历的月份。
- start: 1464.725
  end: 1474.476
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This isn't like a Honda Toyotathon, anything like that.So in Exodus 12, it says in verse six that "your lamb shall be without blemish, a male a year old.
  zh: 出埃及记12章6节说：『要无残疾、一岁的公羊羔。
- start: 1474.476
  end: 1489.195
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You shall take it from the sheep or from the goats and you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of the month when the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill their lambs in the evening." Now significantly, this happened actually before sundown because sundown marks a new day on the Jewish calendar.
  zh: 从羊群中取，留到本月十四日，在黄昏的时候，以色列全会众把羊羔宰了。』注意这实际发生在日落前，因犹太历以日落为一日之始。
- start: 1489.195
  end: 1498.615
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: '"Then they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and the lintel of the houses in which they eat them." So you''ll notice, there''s a couple things you''re doing on the fourteenth day of the month.'
  zh: 『要取点血，涂在吃羊羔的房屋左右的门框和门楣上。』可见十四日要做几件事：
- start: 1498.615
  end: 1504.256
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You are having the ritual killing and the application of the blood of the lamb by smearing the blood on the doorposts.
  zh: 仪式性宰杀羔羊，并将血涂在门框上。
- start: 1504.256
  end: 1514.176
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So you have chosen a spotless lamb, you then killed that lamb, you then had the, well, the priest has killed the lamb, and then you've had the blood smeared on the doorpost.
  zh: 即选择无瑕疵羔羊、宰杀（后期由祭司执行）、涂血。
- start: 1514.176
  end: 1516.135
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's all on the fourteenth day of the month.
  zh: 这些都发生在十四日。
- start: 1516.135
  end: 1517.936
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: What happens on the fifteenth day of the month?
  zh: 十五日发生什么？
- start: 1517.936
  end: 1519.276
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The next verse tells us.
  zh: 下一节经文告诉我们：
- start: 1519.276
  end: 1522.275
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: '"They shall eat the flesh that night, roast it.'
  zh: 『当夜要吃羊羔的肉，用火烤了。
- start: 1522.275
  end: 1532.035
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: With unleavened bread and bitter herbs, they shall eat it." Now again, this is a new day on the calendar, on a Jewish calendar, it's kind of a weird place to start your day but that's where it is.
  zh: 与无酵饼和苦菜同吃。』这已是犹太历的新一日。
- start: 1532.035
  end: 1539.075
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so Leviticus 23 says very specifically that the fifteenth day of the month is the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the Lord.
  zh: 利未记23章明确说十五日是向耶和华守的无酵节。
- start: 1539.075
  end: 1542.275
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And this is the beginning, actually, of a seven-day-long festival.
  zh: 这实际上是持续七日节期的开始。
- start: 1542.275
  end: 1556.795
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, over time, the Passover sacrifice on the fourteenth day and the eating of the Passover meal, the first day of unleavened bread, the language is kind of blended because these are two aspects of the same sacrifice.
  zh: 随着时间推移，十四日的逾越节祭献与十五日无酵节首日的逾越节筵席，在表述上逐渐融合——因这是同一祭献的两个方面。
- start: 1556.795
  end: 1565.015
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The- these aren't two separate sacrifices, even though they're happening on two different calendar days, this is one and the same sacrifice.
  zh: 虽发生在不同历日，却是同一个祭献。
- start: 1565.015
  end: 1569.195
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You kill the lamb and then to finish the sacrifice, you eat the lamb.
  zh: 宰杀羔羊后，通过吃羔羊完成祭献。
- start: 1569.195
  end: 1578.735
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: In fact, if you read the Jewish Encyclopedia on Passover sacrifice, it says, "The Paschal sacrifice belonged to, to the Shelomim." I think it's actually wrong about that.
  zh: 《犹太百科全书》称『逾越祭属于平安祭』——我认为这有误。
- start: 1578.735
  end: 1585.975
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It's similar to the Shelomim sacrifices, it's not particularly important, but it, it puts it in the category of Shelomim.
  zh: 虽与平安祭相似，但不重要——它被归入平安祭类别。
- start: 1585.975
  end: 1606.275
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But in any case, it says, "thus forming one of the sacrifices in which the meal is the principal part and indicates the community between God and man." So, literally, I was talking to, uh, Steve Christy, who's like a big James White devotee, and he said, "Oh, the Passover meal wasn't a sacrifice." It's like, no, it clearly was.
  zh: 但书中说：『这是以筵席为主要部分的祭献之一，表明神人之间的团契。』我曾与詹姆斯·怀特的追随者史蒂夫·克里斯蒂交谈，他说：『逾越节筵席不是祭献。』不，它显然是。
- start: 1606.275
  end: 1611.195
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Eating the Passover lamb was the chief part of this- uh, the Passover sacrifice.
  zh: 吃逾越节羔羊是此祭献的主要部分。
- start: 1611.195
  end: 1614.655
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The Jewish Encyclopedia is right about this, modern Protestants are wrong about that.
  zh: 《犹太百科全书》在此正确，现代新教徒错了。
- start: 1614.655
  end: 1629.255
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, I think in fairness, most modern Protestants maybe wouldn't go that far to literally deny the Passover meal was a sacrifice, but if, if your understanding of sacrifice is just killing, then yeah, it doesn't make sense why the Passover meal would be a sacrifice.
  zh: 公平地说，多数现代新教徒不至于直接否认逾越节筵席是祭献，但若认为祭献仅是宰杀，就确实难以理解为何筵席属于祭献。
- start: 1629.255
  end: 1642.055
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And yet, if you read Jewish sources, you'll find that not only was this part of the sacrifice, this was the main part of the sacrifice because this was what established community or communion between God and man.
  zh: 然而犹太文献显示：这不仅是祭献部分，更是主要部分——因它建立神人之间的团契（共融）。
- start: 1642.055
  end: 1651.955
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, once you understand the Old Testament saying that, then suddenly you can hopefully see how the Last Supper is so critical to Christianity.
  zh: 明白旧约这层含义后，就能突然领悟最后晚餐对基督教的核心意义。
- start: 1651.955
  end: 1657.555
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: How this is how communion is established in eating the flesh of the sacrificial offering.
  zh: 正是在吃祭肉中建立共融。
- start: 1657.555
  end: 1666.135
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's what we believe is happening at communion at every mass throughout the world and significantly, this is part of the sacrifice.
  zh: 这正是我们相信全球每台弥撒中圣餐共融所实现的——且这本身就是祭献部分。
- start: 1666.135
  end: 1667.715
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, think about it this way.
  zh: 试想：
- start: 1667.715
  end: 1676.315
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: On the fifteenth day of the month, if you gathered around with your family and you ate the Passover sacrifice, are you re-killing the lamb?
  zh: 十五日全家聚集吃逾越节祭牲时，是在重杀羔羊吗？
- start: 1676.315
  end: 1676.895
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: No.
  zh: 不是。
- start: 1676.895
  end: 1680.095
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But are you participating in the Passover sacrifice?
  zh: 但你是否在参与逾越节祭献？
- start: 1680.095
  end: 1680.615
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You are.
  zh: 是的。
- start: 1680.615
  end: 1691.395
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: "'Cause look, remember, a v- originally, it was every head of household, like the dad would kill the lamb, but pretty soon this becomes the responsibility of the Jewish priests."
  zh: 最初是各家主（如父亲）宰羊，但很快成为犹太祭司的职责。
- start: 1691.395
  end: 1696.975
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so then the, the question becomes, well, how does my family participate in this sacrifice?
  zh: 于是问题变成：『我的家庭如何参与这祭献？』
- start: 1696.975
  end: 1700.455
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: If I'm living in the Old Testament, how does my family participate in this sacrifice?
  zh: 若我生活在旧约时代，家人如何参与？
- start: 1700.455
  end: 1708.115
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Well, for one, it's my lamb that the priest is killing, but I'm not doing the actual killing, so if the sacrifice is just the killing, I'm not part of it.
  zh: 首先，祭司宰杀的是我的羔羊，但我未实际动手——若祭献仅是宰杀，我就未参与。
- start: 1708.115
  end: 1712.315
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But two, and this is more important, the eating of the lamb.
  zh: 但更重要的是吃羔羊。
- start: 1712.315
  end: 1718.735
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Because you didn't actually have to have it be your own lamb, you could j- if you couldn't afford a lamb, you could share with another family.
  zh: 你甚至不必拥有羔羊——若负担不起，可与其他家庭共享。
- start: 1718.735
  end: 1734.555
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so it's not necessary for you to even own the lamb, but it is necessary for you to eat the lamb and the Jewish Encyclopedia points this out that you had to eat upon pain of excommunication, but in order to eat, you had to be ritually clean, you had to be circumcised.
  zh: 《犹太百科全书》指出：必须吃羔羊（否则面临革除），但吃的人必须礼仪洁净、受过割礼。
- start: 1734.555
  end: 1737.015
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Does this prefigure the Eucharist?
  zh: 这是否预表圣餐？
- start: 1737.015
  end: 1737.935
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You bet it does.
  zh: 毫无疑问。
- start: 1737.935
  end: 1748.555
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: In First Corinthians 11, Saint Paul talks about how you can't receive the Eucharist unworthily, and yet it is still very clear from text like John 6 that we must eat the flesh.
  zh: 哥林多前书11章说不可妄领圣餐，而约翰福音6章明确说我们必须吃他的肉。
- start: 1748.555
  end: 1753.215
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I mean, we're told that, that if we don't eat the flesh, we don't have life within us.
  zh: 经文说：『不吃人子肉就没有生命。』
- start: 1753.215
  end: 1765.115
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This idea that upon pain of excommunication, upon pain of the sacrifice being accepted we have to participate is not just a deeply Christian idea, it is even before that a deeply Jewish idea.
  zh: 『必须参与祭献否则面临革除』的观念不仅是基督教核心思想，更是犹太教固有传统。
- start: 1765.115
  end: 1775.895
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, significantly, scripture itself speaks of both stages of this, the killing of the lamb and the eating of the lamb as one sacrifice.
  zh: 重要的是，圣经将宰杀与吃羔羊视为同一祭献的两个阶段。
- start: 1775.895
  end: 1783.535
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So for instance, you see in Deuteronomy 16, uh, the reference both to the killing and the eating of the Passover sacrifice.
  zh: 如申命记16章同时提到逾越节祭献的宰杀与食用。
- start: 1783.535
  end: 1797.895
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Well, likewise in Exodus 12, y- you're told and when your children say to you w- as you're eating, "What do you mean by this service?" You shall say, "It is the sacrifice of the Lord's Passover." Right?
  zh: 出埃及记12章说：『当你们的儿女问你们「这礼仪什么意思」时，要说「这是献给耶和华逾越节的祭」。』
- start: 1797.895
  end: 1806.115
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Like When you are gathered around the table and you're eating the Passover, you announce that you're participating in the sacrifice of the Lord's Passover.
  zh: 当你们围坐吃逾越节筵席时，就是在宣告参与耶和华的逾越节祭献。
- start: 1806.115
  end: 1815.295
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That is about as clear as it could be, but just in case, Exodus 34 also tells us that neither shall the sacrifice of the Feast of the Passover be left until morning.
  zh: 这已足够清晰，而出埃及记34章还说：『逾越节的祭物不可留到早晨。』
- start: 1815.295
  end: 1824.275
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So in the Old Testament context, the Passover liturgy includes m- uh, the killing of the lamb and the eating of the lamb.
  zh: 因此旧约的逾越节礼仪包含宰杀与吃羔羊。
- start: 1824.275
  end: 1826.095
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It also includes the, the smearing of the blood.
  zh: 还包括涂血。
- start: 1826.095
  end: 1827.135
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We've already talked about that.
  zh: 前文已讨论。
- start: 1827.135
  end: 1834.709
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So what is this going to prefigure?Well, the killing of the lamb, how does that prefigure Christ as Lamb of God?
  zh: 这预表什么？宰杀羔羊如何预表基督作神的羔羊？
- start: 1834.709
  end: 1835.829
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's a no-brainer, right?
  zh: 这显而易见。
- start: 1835.829
  end: 1851.87
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Preparation day, the 14th day of the month, John makes this very clear that Good Friday is preparation, that he calls Good Friday "Preparation of the Passover." Now he might mean that literally, or he might mean that just that this is the fulfillment, like this is Christ's preparation day.
  zh: 预备日（十四日）——约翰福音明说受难日是预备日，称其为『逾越节的预备日』。这可能指字面意义，也可能指这是预表的应验——基督的预备日。
- start: 1851.87
  end: 1858.549
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Well, likewise, what is the fulfillment of the first day of Unleavened Bread, the eating of the Passover meal?
  zh: 同样，无酵节首日（吃逾越节筵席）的应验是什么？
- start: 1858.549
  end: 1862.849
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Well, Mark 14 describes The Last Supper as the first day of Unleavened Bread.
  zh: 马可福音14章描述最后晚餐发生在无酵节首日。
- start: 1862.849
  end: 1867.069
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And then he says, "When they sacrificed the Passover lamb." That's actually pretty significant, right?
  zh: 并说『他们宰逾越羊羔的时候』——这很关键。
- start: 1867.069
  end: 1871.749
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: "'Cause they're eating the lamb, and he's still talking about this in the context of a sacrificial offering."
  zh: 因他们吃羔羊时，仍将其视为祭献。
- start: 1871.749
  end: 1884.069
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And then, in Luke 22, as I said before, Jesus says, "I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you." So, here's where we get something really significant.
  zh: 路加福音22章记载耶稣说：『我很愿意在受害以前和你们吃这逾越节的筵席。』这里出现关键点：
- start: 1884.069
  end: 1890.649
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Remember, the thing you had to do in the Passover upon pain of excommunication was eat the lamb.
  zh: 记住：逾越节必须吃羔羊（否则面临革除）。
- start: 1890.649
  end: 1899.489
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And yet when you read Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John's account of The Last Supper, not one of them ever mentions them eating lamb.
  zh: 但马太、马可、路加、约翰记载最后晚餐时，无一提到吃羔羊。
- start: 1899.489
  end: 1902.309
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That is a shocking omission.
  zh: 这令人震惊的遗漏。
- start: 1902.309
  end: 1906.429
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Unless they're eating the flesh of Christ, the Lamb of God.
  zh: 除非他们吃的是基督——神的羔羊——的肉。
- start: 1906.429
  end: 1910.929
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So, where do we see the fulfillment of the killing of the Passover lamb?
  zh: 那么，逾越节羔羊宰杀的应验在哪里？
- start: 1910.929
  end: 1911.429
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Good Friday.
  zh: 受难日。
- start: 1911.429
  end: 1913.91
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Where do we see the fulfillment of the eating of the Passover lamb?
  zh: 吃逾越节羔羊的应验在哪里？
- start: 1913.91
  end: 1915.009
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Holy Thursday.
  zh: 圣周四。
- start: 1915.009
  end: 1916.99
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It's right there.
  zh: 就在那里。
- start: 1916.99
  end: 1919.449
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But not just Holy Thursday.
  zh: 但不仅是圣周四。
- start: 1919.449
  end: 1922.389
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Also every mass after that.
  zh: 还包括此后每台弥撒。
- start: 1922.389
  end: 1929.209
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now I'd heard this claim for a long time, that I wasn't sure if it was true, so I'd hesitated making it till I actually found it in Jewish sources.
  zh: 我长期听闻一种说法（因不确定其真实性而未采纳），直到在犹太文献中找到依据。
- start: 1929.209
  end: 1935.83
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And it's this claim that when you ate the Passover, it wasn't just a recollection of a past event.
  zh: 即逾越节筵席不仅是对往事的追忆。
- start: 1935.83
  end: 1945.029
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That somehow, the Jewish understanding is that the Passover became present, that there was a present, a presence, excuse me, of this past event.
  zh: 犹太教理解逾越节具有临在性——过去的事件以某种方式临现。
- start: 1945.029
  end: 1961.549
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And this becomes really important because at Jesus' Passover, at The Last Supper, he s- says, "This is my body which is given for you." And then he says, "Do this in remembrance of me." And anamnesin, from the word anamnesis, is the word used for remembrancing.
  zh: 这极为重要——因耶稣在最后晚餐说：『这是我的身体，为你们舍的。你们也应当如此行，为的是记念我。』『记念』（anamnesis）一词意义深远。
- start: 1961.549
  end: 1973.289
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now many Protestants hear this and they, "Oh, okay, I know what a remembrance is, just like recalling a past event that isn't made present." That's not a good understanding in the Jewish context.
  zh: 许多新教徒理解为『回忆不临现的往事』——这不符合犹太背景。
- start: 1973.289
  end: 1978.189
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: For one, anamnesis has a particularly sacrificial kind of overtone to it.
  zh: 首先，anamnesis具有祭献性内涵。
- start: 1978.189
  end: 1993.249
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The only other time we see anamnesis described, or excuse me, that, the word anamnesis used in the New Testament, when it's not talking about the Eucharist, it's talking about the sacrificial, uh, sin offerings that would bring a, an anamnesis, a remembrance of sin.
  zh: 新约中除圣餐外使用anamnesis的经文，是指赎罪祭使人『想起』罪——
- start: 1993.249
  end: 1994.969
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That wasn't just like, "Oh, yeah.
  zh: 这不是简单的『哦对。
- start: 1994.969
  end: 1996.249
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I did that." No.
  zh: 我犯过那罪』。
- start: 1996.249
  end: 2001.369
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The sin is being made present in some way in the offering for the sin.
  zh: 而是罪以某种方式在赎罪祭中临现。
- start: 2001.369
  end: 2006.209
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: There's much deeper theology that, that we kind of unpack there.
  zh: 这涉及更深神学。
- start: 2006.209
  end: 2012.389
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But the point there is anamnesis doesn't just mean like, "Oh, yeah, I remember, like, I went to school with that guy." It's not like that.
  zh: 关键在于anamnesis不仅是普通回忆。
- start: 2012.389
  end: 2021.749
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And you might say, "Well, how do we know that?" Well, we know that partly from scripture itself, particularly in the context of the Passover.
  zh: 你或许问：『如何确知？』部分依据是圣经本身——尤其在逾越节背景下。
- start: 2021.749
  end: 2035.349
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Because, again, when you're having the Passover meal, "You shall tell your son on that day, 'It is because what the Lord did for me when I came out of Egypt.'" That's right there in Exodus 13:8.
  zh: 出埃及记13章8节说：『当那日，你要告诉你的儿子说：「这是因耶和华在我出埃及的时候为我所行的事。」』
- start: 2035.349
  end: 2036.749
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, notice that.
  zh: 注意：
- start: 2036.749
  end: 2045.009
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You don't say, "This is what happened for my forefathers." You, a Jew in any century, were to say this is what had happened to you.
  zh: 不是说『这是为我祖先行的』，而是任何世纪的犹太人都要说『这是为我行的』。
- start: 2045.009
  end: 2048.569
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You were to claim that the Passover applied to you personally.
  zh: 即宣称逾越节直接关乎自己。
- start: 2048.569
  end: 2052.009
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's not just some weird quirk in the language of Exodus 13.
  zh: 这不是出埃及记13章的奇特表达。
- start: 2052.009
  end: 2054.389
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The rabbis seized upon this, and they commented.
  zh: 拉比们抓住这点并注释道：
- start: 2054.389
  end: 2055.369
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You find this in the Talmud.
  zh: 《塔木德》记载：
- start: 2055.369
  end: 2064.809
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: '"In each and every generation, a person must view himself as though he personally left Egypt." And then it quotes Exodus 13.'
  zh: 『每一代人都必须视自己亲身出了埃及』并引用出埃及记13章。
- start: 2064.809
  end: 2083.889
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: '"In each and every generation, each person must say, ''This which the Lord did for me.'' And not, ''This which the Lord did for my forefathers.''" So understand that the Jewish understanding of Passover involved the Passover somehow mystically being made present every time it was celebrated in every generation.'
  zh: 『每一代每个人必须说「这是耶和华为我行的」，而非「为我的祖先行的」。』可见犹太人理解逾越节具有神秘临在性——每次庆祝都使过去事件临现。
- start: 2083.889
  end: 2086.269
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It was as if it was fresh and new.
  zh: 仿佛历久弥新。
- start: 2086.269
  end: 2088.409
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You were participating in the one Passover.
  zh: 你是在参与那唯一的逾越节。
- start: 2088.409
  end: 2090.609
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You weren't re-Passovering.
  zh: 不是重复逾越。
- start: 2090.609
  end: 2096.309
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You were participating in, in the once-for-all Passover from Egypt in every generation.
  zh: 而是在每一代参与那一次永远的出埃及逾越。
- start: 2096.309
  end: 2105.889
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This is a really important framework to make sense of how it is at every mass we can say we are participating in this once-for-all first century event.
  zh: 这框架极重要——借此我们明白为何每台弥撒都在参与公元一世纪那一次永远的事件。
- start: 2105.889
  end: 2114.829
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You just have to understand it biblically in a way that many people have lost sight of because we don't read the New Testament with an eye towards the Old Testament.
  zh: 只需按圣经理解（许多人因不联系旧约读新约而忽略这点）。
- start: 2114.829
  end: 2117.009
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Okay, so that's the Passover.
  zh: 以上就是逾越节部分。
- start: 2117.009
  end: 2124.489
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And obviously, there's much more that could be said, but I wanna make sure I talk about a few other, uh, sacrificial dimensions, so to speak.
  zh: 显然还有更多可探讨，但我想确保谈到其他几个祭献维度。
- start: 2124.489
  end: 2127.789
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The second one is the sacrifice of Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement.
  zh: 第二个是赎罪日的祭献。
- start: 2127.789
  end: 2141.169
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And this one is important because this is, when we're looking at the once-for-all language in Hebrews, part of what's going on here is that Hebrews is comparing and contrasting Christ's sacrifice with the Yom Kippur sacrifices.
  zh: 这很重要——因希伯来书论及『一次永远』时，正是将基督的祭献与赎罪日祭献对比。
- start: 2141.169
  end: 2147.149
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So by way of background, Leviticus 16 describes what's gonna happen on the Day of Atonement.
  zh: 背景是利未记16章描述赎罪日的程序：
- start: 2147.149
  end: 2153.109
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: '"Aaron shall present the bull as a sin offering for himself and shall make atonement for himself and for his house.'
  zh: 『亚伦要把赎罪祭的公牛奉上，为自己和本家赎罪。
- start: 2153.109
  end: 2160.569
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He shall kill the bull as a sin offering for himself." Okay, so step one, the priest had to offer a sin offering for himself because he's a sinner.
  zh: 宰这公牛作自己的赎罪祭。』第一步：祭司因自己有罪，先为自己献赎罪祭。
- start: 2160.569
  end: 2163.829
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Then, a few verses later, he shall...
  zh: 接着...
- start: 2163.829
  end: 2165.729
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: There's actually a whole, like, purification ritual.
  zh: 有一整套洁净礼仪。
- start: 2165.729
  end: 2170.089
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I'm skipping that 'cause as we're gonna see, it doesn't apply with Christ's sacrifice 'cause he's not a sinner.
  zh: 我跳过这部分——因基督无罪，不适用。
- start: 2170.089
  end: 2171.569
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Verse 15.
  zh: 15节：
- start: 2171.569
  end: 2177.229
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: '"Then he shall kill the goat of the sin offering, which is for the people." So that''s step two, the ritual killing of the goat.'
  zh: 『也要宰那为百姓作赎罪祭的公山羊。』第二步：仪式性宰杀公山羊。
- start: 2177.229
  end: 2186.049
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And then step three, he's gonna bring its blood within the veil of the temple, and, or within the veil of the, the tabernacle, excuse me.
  zh: 第三步：将血带进幔子内（即会幕的至圣所）。
- start: 2186.049
  end: 2192.249
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: '"And do with his blood as he did with the blood of the bull, sprinkling it upon the mercy seat and before the mercy seat.'
  zh: 『拿血弹在施恩座的上面和前面。
- start: 2192.249
  end: 2199.819
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Thus he shall make atonement of the holy place." So there's a ritual purification in some way even of the temple itself....
  zh: 为圣所行赎罪之礼。』即某种程度上的圣所礼仪性洁净。
- start: 2199.819
  end: 2204.979
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: and this is because of the transgression of the people of Israel, and so there's this whole rite.
  zh: 因以色列民的过犯，故有此整套仪式。
- start: 2204.979
  end: 2207.599
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So there's three steps that they...
  zh: 因此有三个步骤...
- start: 2207.599
  end: 2215.719
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Sin offering for the priest, got the sin offering for the people, and then you have the offertory aspect, that you're bringing the blood into the holy place.
  zh: 祭司的赎罪祭、百姓的赎罪祭、呈献部分（将血带入至圣所）。
- start: 2215.719
  end: 2218.599
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Or if you wanna describe it, you can describe it as the application of the blood.
  zh: 或称为『血的应用』。
- start: 2218.599
  end: 2230.279
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I used that kind of language earlier 'cause just as you, you were to smear the blood on the doorpost and, and other sacrifices, you pour the blood around the altar, here, you're bringing the blood into the holy place.
  zh: 我使用这种表述——正如涂血在门框上或其他祭献中洒血在坛周围，此处是将血带入圣所。
- start: 2230.279
  end: 2233.939
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, how does this relate to the sacrifice of Christ?
  zh: 这与基督的祭献有何关联？
- start: 2233.939
  end: 2242.539
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: In Hebrews 7, we're told that Jesus has no need, like the high priest, to offer sacrifice for his own sins, right?
  zh: 希伯来书7章说耶稣无需像大祭司那样为自己献赎罪祭。
- start: 2242.539
  end: 2249.139
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And obviously, so that dimension, step one of the three steps, J- Jesus doesn't have to do because he is sinless.
  zh: 显然，基督无罪，无需第一步。
- start: 2249.139
  end: 2258.02
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But then when you go to Hebrews 9, it talks specifically about the Yom Kippur sacrifice and talks about how within the temple, there were two sets.
  zh: 希伯来书9章专门讨论赎罪日祭献，描述圣所有两部分：
- start: 2258.02
  end: 2265.739
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: There was, uh, uh, the tabernacle or tent, the outer one, which there was the lampstand and the table and the bread of the presence, it's called the holy place.
  zh: 外层的帐幕有灯台、桌子和陈设饼——称为圣所。
- start: 2265.739
  end: 2267.259
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now it's very Eucharistic-sounding.
  zh: 这听起来极具圣餐意味。
- start: 2267.259
  end: 2270.119
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I'm just gonna throw that out there without really delving into it.
  zh: 我仅提出这点而不深究。
- start: 2270.119
  end: 2276.379
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But if you don't get the context between the bread of the presence and Christ being made present, I think you're missing something.
  zh: 但若不明白陈设饼与基督临在的关联，就遗漏了重点。
- start: 2276.379
  end: 2282.959
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But then the second temple, or excuse me, the second curtain within the temple, the second tabernacle i- goes into the Holy of Holies.
  zh: 第二层幔子内是至圣所。
- start: 2282.959
  end: 2290.679
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so the priest, having made the preparations, uh, normally would only go into the outer tent.
  zh: 祭司预备妥当后通常只进入外层帐幕。
- start: 2290.679
  end: 2299.479
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Once a year, only the high priest would go in and he wouldn't go in without first offering blood for himself as well as for the errors of the people.
  zh: 唯大祭司一年一次进入，且必先为自己和百姓的过错献血。
- start: 2299.479
  end: 2317.639
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now in contrast, Hebrews 9 says, "When Christ appears, He enters once for all into the holy place, not taking the blood of goats and calves, but His own blood, thus securing an eternal redemption." Now people will often point to Hebrews 9 as if this is contradicting the mass, and they'll say, "Aha!
  zh: 希伯来书9章却说：『基督如今显现在神的面前，也并非多次将自己献上，乃是献了一次，就成了永远赎罪的事。』有人以此反对弥撒，说：『看啊！
- start: 2317.639
  end: 2324.059
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This happened on Good Friday." But in fact, what's being described here isn't what happened on Good Friday.
  zh: 这发生在受难日！』但此处描述的并非受难日事件。
- start: 2324.059
  end: 2326.139
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That is not when Christ entered into the holy place.
  zh: 基督并非那时进入圣所。
- start: 2326.139
  end: 2326.799
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: How do we know?
  zh: 如何确知？
- start: 2326.799
  end: 2331.799
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Because Hebrews 9 goes on to say what's meant by Christ entering the holy place.
  zh: 因希伯来书9章继续解释基督进入圣所的含义：
- start: 2331.799
  end: 2333.599
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Jump down to verse 24.
  zh: 24节：
- start: 2333.599
  end: 2345.519
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: '"For Christ has entered not into a sanctuary made with hands, a copy of the true one, but into heaven itself now to appear in the presence of God on our behalf." So this is important.'
  zh: 『因为基督并不是进了人手所造的圣所，乃是进了天堂，如今为我们显在神面前。』这很关键。
- start: 2345.519
  end: 2365.519
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This, I debated James White on this and he tried to point to Hebrews 9 as saying, "Look, Christ once for all offering happened on Good Friday." And I pointed out, "No, very cl- the offertory aspect of the sacrifice happens when Christ goes into heaven itself, which doesn't happen on Good Friday." It happens 42 days later when Jesus ascends into heaven.
  zh: 我与詹姆斯·怀特辩论时，他试图用希伯来书9章证明『基督一次永远的祭献发生在受难日』。我指出：『不，祭献的呈献部分发生在基督升天时——非受难日，而是42天后的升天日。』
- start: 2365.519
  end: 2370.719
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now that's gonna be really important in understanding what's happening because w- we'll get into it.
  zh: 这对理解事件至关重要。
- start: 2370.719
  end: 2373.119
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I'm gonna continue reading from Hebrews 9 though.
  zh: 继续读希伯来书9章：
- start: 2373.119
  end: 2383.179
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: '"Nor was it to offer himself repeatedly as the high priest enters the high, the holy place yearly with blood not his own, for then he would have had to suffer repeatedly since the foundation of the world.'
  zh: 『也不是多次将自己献上，像那大祭司每年带着牛羊的血进入圣所。
- start: 2383.179
  end: 2397.359
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But as it is, he has appeared once for all at the end of the age to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself." So, you have the killing, first for the priest himself for his sin offering.
  zh: 但如今在这末世显现一次，把自己献为祭，好除掉罪。』因此有宰杀（先是祭司的赎罪祭）
- start: 2397.359
  end: 2399.659
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: There's no need for that obviously 'cause Jesus was without sin.
  zh: 基督无罪，无需此步骤。
- start: 2399.659
  end: 2402.379
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Then you have killing the sin offering for the people.
  zh: 接着是百姓的赎罪祭宰杀。
- start: 2402.379
  end: 2406.159
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Jesus f- fulfills that once for all on Good Friday.
  zh: 基督在受难日一次永远地成就了。
- start: 2406.159
  end: 2410.239
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But then you have the offertory dimension, the bringing the blood into the holy place.
  zh: 然后是呈献维度——将血带入圣所。
- start: 2410.239
  end: 2412.799
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This is also once for all, but it's not on Good Friday.
  zh: 这也是一次永远的，但不在受难日。
- start: 2412.799
  end: 2422.439
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So anyone who tells you the once for all sacrifice is done on Good Friday doesn't understand what Hebrews 9 is saying and doesn't understand the way a sacrifice works.
  zh: 因此，凡宣称『一次永远的祭献完成于受难日』的人，既误解希伯来书9章，也不明白祭献运作方式。
- start: 2422.439
  end: 2444.619
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now you might say, "Hold on, where do we see anything about eating the flesh or anything that sounds Eucharistic in this?" And I'll tell you, it's because we were looking at the beginning and the end of Hebrews 9 and jumping right over the middle, where there's this really important passage where the author of Hebrews explains that, when he talks about the blood of the covenant.
  zh: 你或许问：『哪里有吃祭肉或类似圣餐的记载？』原因在于我们跳过了希伯来书9章中间极重要的段落——作者论及立约的血时，
- start: 2444.619
  end: 2457.659
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He's gonna bring in a separate sacrificial dimension, in this case, the covenant creation, which has some sacrificial offerings and explaining that step that we might miss if we're just thinking about Yom Kippur.
  zh: 引入了另一个祭献维度——立约，包含某些祭献步骤——若只考虑赎罪日就会遗漏。
- start: 2457.659
  end: 2460.499
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So he says it like this.
  zh: 他说：
- start: 2460.499
  end: 2472.399
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He says, "Even..." This is verse 18, "Even the first covenant was not ratified without blood." Okay, so notice that means the old covenant and the new covenant are ratified with blood.
  zh: 『18节：『前约也不是不用血立的。』注意这意味着旧约与新约都用血立定。
- start: 2472.399
  end: 2477.459
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It's gonna be very important to say even the first one, it also means the second one.
  zh: 说『前约』也暗示『后约』。
- start: 2477.459
  end: 2496.379
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: '"For when every commandment of the law had been declared by Moses to all the people, he took the blood of calves and goats with water and scarlet wool and hyssop and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people saying, ''This is the blood of the covenant, which God commanded you.''" Now if you''re a Christian, you hear those words, what does that remind you of?'
  zh: 『摩西当日照着律法将各样诫命传给众百姓，就拿朱红色绒和牛膝草，把牛犊山羊的血和水洒在书上，又洒在众百姓身上，说：「这血就是神与你们立约的凭据。」』基督徒听到这些话会联想到什么？
- start: 2496.379
  end: 2500.339
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Well, I hope it reminds you of Jesus' words at the Last Supper.
  zh: 但愿让你想起最后晚餐中耶稣的话。
- start: 2500.339
  end: 2504.259
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And it's hard to miss that dimension.
  zh: 这关联难以忽视。
- start: 2504.259
  end: 2505.199
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We're gonna get into that.
  zh: 我们会详述。
- start: 2505.199
  end: 2514.039
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But the more direct referent here when he talks about when Moses is creating the first covenant or that God is creating the first covenant with Moses, this is in Exodus 24.
  zh: 但更直接的参照是出埃及记24章——神藉摩西立前约。
- start: 2514.039
  end: 2519.659
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And in Exodus 24, Moses sprinkles blood on the altar.
  zh: 摩西将血洒在坛上，
- start: 2519.659
  end: 2524.139
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He actually sprinkles the people with blood, which is pretty gross, but that's part of what happens.
  zh: 又洒在百姓身上（虽令人不适，但确有其事）。
- start: 2524.139
  end: 2536.979
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: They say, "All the Lord has spoken, we will do and we will be obedient." And then Moses says, "Behold the blood of the covenant, which the Lord has made with you in accordance with all these words." That's Exodus 24:8.
  zh: 百姓说：『耶和华所吩咐的，我们都必遵行。』摩西说：『看哪，这是立约的血，是耶和华按这一切话与你们立约的凭据。』
- start: 2536.979
  end: 2539.359
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But then read the next two verses.
  zh: 接着读下两节：
- start: 2539.359
  end: 2557.779
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: '"Then Moses and Aaron and the other, uh, Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, the other priests, and seven of the elders of Israel went up and they saw the God of Israel and there was under His feet, as it were, a pavement of sapphire stone like the very heaven for clearlet- for clearness and He did not lay His hand on the chief men of the people of Israel.'
  zh: 『摩西、亚伦、拿答、亚比户，并以色列长老中的七十人，都上了山。他们看见以色列的神，他脚下仿佛有平铺的蓝宝石，如同天色明净。他的手不加害在以色列的尊者身上。
- start: 2557.779
  end: 2575.51
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: They beheld God and ate and drank." So you have this is the blood of the covenant and then the beholding of God and then eating and drinking in divine presence.Now, maybe you're missing how incredibly Eucharistic that is in terms of what it's prefiguring.
  zh: 他们观看神，他们又吃又喝。』于是有立约的血、见神的异象，以及在神面前吃喝——这极其预表圣餐。
- start: 2575.51
  end: 2586.789
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But in case you are, I would actually turn you to a fan, turn your attention to a fantastic 2009, uh, article by Brant Petrie called Jesus, the Messianic Banquet, and the Kingdom of God.
  zh: 若你未察觉，建议阅读布兰特·皮特里2009年的精彩论文《耶稣、弥赛亚筵席与神的国》——
- start: 2586.789
  end: 2600.489
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Commenting on this passage, he says, "It's hard to overestimate the significance of this biblical background for understanding Jesus' words at the Last Supper regarding the relationship between his banquet and the Kingdom of God.
  zh: 论及这段经文时他说：『这对理解最后晚餐中耶稣关于筵席与神国之关系的言论极为重要。
- start: 2600.489
  end: 2609.049
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It strongly suggests that for Jesus, as for Exodus, although the sacrificial liturgy begins on Earth, it climaxes with the heavenly banquet.
  zh: 强烈表明对耶稣而言（如同出埃及记），祭献礼仪始于地上，却以天上筵席为高潮。』
- start: 2609.049
  end: 2620.769
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: After going up the mountain, Moses and the elders enter into God's own transcendent realm where they not only see the pavement of sapphire in the Heavenly Court, they also behold God and eat and drink.
  zh: 摩西与长老们上山后，进入神的超然领域——不仅看见天上蓝宝石的铺道，更得见神的面并吃喝。
- start: 2620.769
  end: 2649.909
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Unless we start by assuming that Jesus is wrenching the expression from Exodus entirely out of context, then we have to conclude that He is deliberately drawing a parallel between the sacrificial liturgy of Moses and the Elders of Israel and His own actions at the Last Supper." In other words, when Jesus says, "This is m- the blood of my covenant," He expects Jewish readers and listeners, like say, the apostles, to have in mind, oh yeah, that's how the first covenant was created with Moses.
  zh: 除非我们假定耶稣完全脱离出埃及记的语境使用这表述，否则必须认定他刻意将摩西与以色列长老的祭献礼仪，与自己在最后晚餐的行动相平行。」换言之，当耶稣说『这是我立约的血』时，他期待犹太听众（如使徒们）联想到：『啊，这正是神与摩西立前约的方式』。
- start: 2649.909
  end: 2651.909
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And then what happened?
  zh: 随后发生了什么？
- start: 2651.909
  end: 2653.849
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: They beheld God and ate and drank.
  zh: 他们见神的面并吃喝。
- start: 2653.849
  end: 2655.689
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Does that happen at the Last Supper?
  zh: 最后晚餐是否重现这一幕？
- start: 2655.689
  end: 2656.929
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It does.
  zh: 确实如此。
- start: 2656.929
  end: 2689.429
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Petrie continues, "In the Liturgy of Sinai, although the blood of the covenant was certainly poured out on the earth, as well as on the altar and on the people, the covenant banquet was consummated in Heaven, where they beheld God and ate and drank." So, there's this very strong connection that Hebrews 9 is making between Exodus and the Last Supper that only makes sense if this is really the blood of Christ, and if they're actually beholding God, and eating and drinking in the Eucharistic liturgy.
  zh: 皮特里继续道：『在西奈礼仪中，尽管立约的血确实洒在地上、坛上和百姓身上，但立约的筵席是在天上完成的——他们得见神的面并吃喝。』因此希伯来书9章将出埃及记与最后晚餐紧密关联——唯有当这真是基督的血，且他们确实在圣餐礼仪中见神并吃喝时，这种关联才成立。
- start: 2689.429
  end: 2698.549
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I want to build upon what Brant Petrie is saying by turning to the work of Daniel Elazar, a Jewish political scientist who did a multi-volume work on covenant.
  zh: 我想借助犹太政治学家丹尼尔·以拉撒的《立约》多卷本研究深化皮特里的观点。
- start: 2698.549
  end: 2701.629
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And Volume 1 was all about covenant, and polity, and Biblical Israel.
  zh: 第一卷专论立约、政体与圣经时代的以色列。
- start: 2701.629
  end: 2703.809
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He then turns to other forms of covenant.
  zh: 其余卷本涉及其他立约形式。
- start: 2703.809
  end: 2705.549
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Th- those don't concern us.
  zh: 与我们无关。
- start: 2705.549
  end: 2714.669
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But his work on what covenant meant to the Israelites is very important in helping us understand both the old covenant, but also the new covenant.
  zh: 但他对以色列人立约观念的研究，极有助于我们理解新旧两约。
- start: 2714.669
  end: 2718.629
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And Elazar realizes this in a way many Christians actually don't.
  zh: 以拉撒的洞见是许多基督徒未能企及的。
- start: 2718.629
  end: 2722.489
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so Elazar says, "Sealing a covenant involves some ritual act.
  zh: 他说：『立约需要特定礼仪行动。
- start: 2722.489
  end: 2728.409
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: In the Bible, sacrifice is the common ritual, but there also were the common meal and oath.
  zh: 圣经中常见的是祭献，但也有共餐与起誓。
- start: 2728.409
  end: 2744.189
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Thus, Moses, Aaron, Aaron's sons, and the 70 elders of Israel representing the entire people shared a common meal upon completion of the Sinai Covenant." So notice, his point is that it's not just they form the covenant and then they happen to have a meal.
  zh: 因此摩西、亚伦、亚伦的众子及代表全民的七十位以色列长老，在西奈之约完成后共享筵席。』注意他的重点：并非立约后碰巧聚餐，
- start: 2744.189
  end: 2748.789
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That the meal is an integral part of the formation of the covenant.
  zh: 而是共餐本身就是立约的必要部分。
- start: 2748.789
  end: 2753.389
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You need the actual blood, the, "This is the blood of the covenant," and you need the ritual meal.
  zh: 既需要真实的血（『这是立约的血』），也需要礼仪性共餐。
- start: 2753.389
  end: 2755.489
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Does this prefigure the Eucharist?
  zh: 这是否预表圣餐？
- start: 2755.489
  end: 2756.989
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Of course it does.
  zh: 当然。
- start: 2756.989
  end: 2764.889
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Elazar continues, "Other forms of sealing a covenant involve drinking together, gift giving, exchange of names, sacrifices, kissing, and handshaking.
  zh: 以拉撒继续道：『其他立约形式包括共饮、赠礼、换名、祭献、亲吻与握手。
- start: 2764.889
  end: 2771.289
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Indeed, so much so that one way to forbid establishing a covenant relationship was to forbid eating together.
  zh: 甚至禁止共餐就是禁止立约关系。
- start: 2771.289
  end: 2787.149
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The idea of the common meal becomes an important ritual in both Judaism and Christianity, with the latter," Christianity, "emphasizing the taking of food as the means of organically linking with the Savior." In other words, Elazar understood something many Evangelicals don't.
  zh: 共餐观念成为犹太教与基督教的重要礼仪，后者更强调以领食作为与救主有机联合的途径。』换言之，以拉撒明白许多福音派未能领悟之事。
- start: 2787.149
  end: 2791.349
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Eating the Eucharist has to be understood as a covenantal act.
  zh: 领圣餐必须理解为立约行动。
- start: 2791.349
  end: 2794.289
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This is how you form a covenant in the Jewish context.
  zh: 这是犹太背景下立约的方式。
- start: 2794.289
  end: 2799.069
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You have the presentation of the blood and then you have the eating.
  zh: 先呈献血，后共餐。
- start: 2799.069
  end: 2801.229
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You behold God, you eat and drink.
  zh: 见神的面，吃喝领受。
- start: 2801.229
  end: 2805.849
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's not just, like, a cool effect from this unrelated thing that happened before it.
  zh: 这不仅是前续事件产生的附加效果。
- start: 2805.849
  end: 2808.789
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This is all part of one ritual action.
  zh: 而是同一礼仪行动的整体。
- start: 2808.789
  end: 2812.789
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Let's turn back directly to the text of Exodus 24.
  zh: 让我们回到出埃及记24章经文：
- start: 2812.789
  end: 2813.829
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: I want you to consider this.
  zh: 请思考：
- start: 2813.829
  end: 2830.609
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: In Exodus 24:8, Moses says, "Behold the blood of the covenant, which the Lord has made with you in accordance with all these words." The two questions that I asked James White in the debate and that I would ask anyone watching this now, number one, does Moses actually have blood or is it just a symbol?
  zh: 出埃及记24章8节，摩西说：『看哪，这是立约的血，是耶和华按这一切话与你们立约的凭据。』我在辩论中问詹姆斯·怀特的两个问题（也请问各位观众）：第一，摩西手中的是真实的血还是象征？
- start: 2830.609
  end: 2831.849
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Well, he actually has blood.
  zh: 是真实的血。
- start: 2831.849
  end: 2835.549
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Two, is Moses actually establishing the covenant?
  zh: 第二，摩西是否实际参与立约？
- start: 2835.549
  end: 2837.789
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: White corrected me and said God is establishing it.
  zh: 怀特纠正说『是神在立约』。
- start: 2837.789
  end: 2838.229
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Fine.
  zh: 好吧。
- start: 2838.229
  end: 2841.549
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But a covenant is actually being established with these words.
  zh: 但立约确实通过这些话语实现。
- start: 2841.549
  end: 2855.449
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Contrast that with Jesus' words at the Last Supper when He says, "Drink of it, all of you, for this is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins." Is that the blood of Christ?
  zh: 对比耶稣在最后晚餐的话：『你们都喝这个，因为这是我立约的血，为多人流出来，使罪得赦。』这是基督的血吗？
- start: 2855.449
  end: 2857.689
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Well, as Catholics, we would say yes.
  zh: 公教徒会肯定。
- start: 2857.689
  end: 2862.989
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Protestants, well, at least Evangelicals would say, "No, it's just a symbol." So it's actually worse.
  zh: 至少福音派新教徒会说：『不，仅是象征。』这就更糟了。
- start: 2862.989
  end: 2864.049
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Moses had real blood.
  zh: 摩西有真实的血，
- start: 2864.049
  end: 2866.269
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He was actually doing something in the formation of a covenant.
  zh: 实际参与立约。
- start: 2866.269
  end: 2872.529
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You can't form a covenant with, like, Kool-Aid, with grape juice, with, like, unconsecrated wine.
  zh: 无法用酷爱饮料、葡萄汁或未祝圣的酒立约。
- start: 2872.529
  end: 2878.169
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So Moses is actually involved in the formation of a covenant when he says this is the blood.
  zh: 因此当摩西说『这是血』时，确实参与了立约。
- start: 2878.169
  end: 2887.069
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Jesus, when He says, "This is my blood of the covenant," allegedly is not involved in the formation of a covenant 'cause He doesn't have real blood.
  zh: 而耶稣说『这是我立约的血』时，按此逻辑却未参与立约——因他没有真实的血。
- start: 2887.069
  end: 2894.129
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That strikes me as glaringly bad for Jesus, because what does that mean?
  zh: 这对耶稣极为不利——这意味着什么？
- start: 2894.129
  end: 2903.369
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That means what Moses was doing was superior to what Jesus is doing, because Moses is actually involved in covenant formation and then they behold God and eat and drink.
  zh: 意味着摩西的作为胜过耶稣——因摩西实际参与立约，随后他们见神并吃喝。
- start: 2903.369
  end: 2913.009
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: In the Evangelical version, Jesus is just like, "This is the symbol of my blood," and so it's just wine or even grape juice, worse.
  zh: 福音派版本中，耶稣只是说『这是我血的象征』——仅是酒（甚至更糟：葡萄汁），
- start: 2913.009
  end: 2915.449
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And then they don't behold God and eat and drink.
  zh: 随后他们未见神的面，也未真实吃喝。
- start: 2915.449
  end: 2919.269
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: They remember God, who's not present there in that way.
  zh: 只是纪念不临现的神。
- start: 2919.269
  end: 2923.829
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That is a downgrade, and a pretty obvious downgrade.
  zh: 这是明显的降格。
- start: 2923.829
  end: 2926.649
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, that doesn't work in light of Hebrews.
  zh: 这与希伯来书矛盾。
- start: 2926.649
  end: 2948.783
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Hebrews 10 goes on to say that the law is but a shadow of the good things to come instead of the true form of these realities.And that's critical because the point that the author of Hebrews is making throughout Hebrews 9 and then into Hebrews 10 is all of that stuff Moses was doing, and all the stuff with Yom Kippur, all of that stuff is prefiguring new and better stuff that Jesus is doing.
  zh: 希伯来书10章说：『律法只是将来美事的影儿，不是本物的真像。』这很关键——因作者在9-10章强调：摩西的作为与赎罪日礼仪，都是预表耶稣将成就的更美之事。
- start: 2948.783
  end: 2953.823
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And yet, in the evangelical read of the Last Supper, it's the other way around.
  zh: 但福音派对最后晚餐的理解却本末倒置。
- start: 2953.823
  end: 2956.844
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Moses is doing something cooler than what Jesus is doing.
  zh: 摩西的作为反比耶稣更真实。
- start: 2956.844
  end: 2958.244
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Moses is doing something better.
  zh: 摩西的作为更优越。
- start: 2958.244
  end: 2963.423
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Moses' words actually create covenant, Jesus' words don't.
  zh: 摩西的话实际立约，耶稣的话却不能。
- start: 2963.423
  end: 2982.304
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, it's a red flag that something is grossly wrong in the evangelical understanding of the passage and the only way around it is to say, just as Moses actually had blood when he said that this was the blood of the covenant, Jesus, when He says it's His blood of the covenant, also actually has blood.
  zh: 这亮起红灯——福音派的理解存在严重错误。唯一解决之道是承认：正如摩西说『这是立约的血』时真有血，耶稣说『这是我立约的血』时也真有血。
- start: 2982.304
  end: 2990.224
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And just as Moses and his followers ate and drank in divine presence, so in the Eucharist, we're not just eating and drinking in divine presence.
  zh: 正如摩西与跟随者在神面前吃喝，圣餐中我们不仅在神面前吃喝，
- start: 2990.224
  end: 2991.964
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That was just a foreshadowing.
  zh: 那只是预表。
- start: 2991.964
  end: 2994.943
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We're now eating and drinking God Himself.
  zh: 如今我们吃喝的正是神自己。
- start: 2994.943
  end: 3002.523
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The only way to go beyond eating and drinking in the presence of God is for your meal to be the direct communion with God.
  zh: 超越『在神面前吃喝』的唯一方式，是使这餐食成为与神的直接共融。
- start: 3002.523
  end: 3009.983
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You get rid of any mediator like a sacrificial offering because Christ Himself is the sacrificial offering that you, that you're consuming.
  zh: 无需祭品为中介——因基督自己就是你们领受的祭品。
- start: 3009.983
  end: 3015.303
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So, if you understand Hebrews 9, then I think all of this makes sense.
  zh: 因此若理解希伯来书9章，这一切就顺理成章。
- start: 3015.303
  end: 3029.983
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now also, if you understand this middle part of Hebrews 9, then hopefully you can understand why all of this makes sense of Christ both presenting the blood in heaven and us continuing to have this heavenly meal even on Earth.
  zh: 若理解希伯来书9章中间部分，就能明白为何基督在天上呈献血，同时我们在地上持续享用这天上的筵席。
- start: 3029.983
  end: 3041.163
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So you understand the way Yom Kippur prefigures Jesus' death and his ascension into heaven in light of the way Hebrews 9 talks about Exodus prefiguring the Last Supper as well.
  zh: 由此理解赎罪日如何预表耶稣的死亡与升天，正如希伯来书9章论出埃及记预表最后晚餐。
- start: 3041.163
  end: 3045.263
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: If you separate the two, I think you're not gonna understand what Hebrews 9 is saying.
  zh: 若将二者割裂，就无法理解希伯来书9章的真意。
- start: 3045.263
  end: 3051.503
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Okay, so let's wrap this up and say how does Christ fulfill the sacrificial system of the Old Testament?
  zh: 现在总结基督如何应验旧约祭献体系？
- start: 3051.503
  end: 3053.403
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, I'm speaking very broadly here, right?
  zh: 我从宏观层面论述。
- start: 3053.403
  end: 3058.803
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But broadly we can talk about four steps, the offering or the consecration of the animal.
  zh: 大体可分为四步：献上/祝圣祭牲。
- start: 3058.803
  end: 3063.523
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This is prefiguring when Christ says, "This is my body.
  zh: 这预表基督说『这是我的身体。
- start: 3063.523
  end: 3064.903
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This is my blood." He gives Himself.
  zh: 这是我的血』时的自我奉献。
- start: 3064.903
  end: 3066.703
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He lays down His life there at the Last Supper.
  zh: 他在最后晚餐舍命。
- start: 3066.703
  end: 3069.243
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And this is repeated.
  zh: 这行动被重复——
- start: 3069.243
  end: 3071.003
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He gives a do this instruction.
  zh: 他吩咐『你们也应当如此行』。
- start: 3071.003
  end: 3072.763
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's not once for all.
  zh: 这不是一次永远的。
- start: 3072.763
  end: 3078.383
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He says, "Do this in remembrance of me, in anamnesis of me." Then you, step two is a ritual killing.
  zh: 第二步是仪式性宰杀。
- start: 3078.383
  end: 3079.403
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's Good Friday.
  zh: 即受难日。
- start: 3079.403
  end: 3080.283
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's once for all.
  zh: 这是一次永远的。
- start: 3080.283
  end: 3081.123
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's un-repeated.
  zh: 不可重复。
- start: 3081.123
  end: 3085.683
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Then you have the application or the presentation of the blood.
  zh: 第三步是血的应用/呈献。
- start: 3085.683
  end: 3089.503
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's smearing the blood on the posts of the cross.
  zh: 即涂血在十字架木头上。
- start: 3089.503
  end: 3092.203
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: This is also the presentation of the blood in heaven.
  zh: 也是在天上呈献血。
- start: 3092.203
  end: 3100.483
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: There is a sense in which that's fulfilled on Ascension Thursday, particularly with going into the holy place, Yom Kippur, and that is also once for all.
  zh: 某种程度上这应验于升天日——尤其进入至圣所（赎罪日礼仪），也是一次永远的。
- start: 3100.483
  end: 3103.563
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We point to the blood again, right?
  zh: 我们再次指向血。
- start: 3103.563
  end: 3112.683
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Like there's a sense of application of the blood here on Earth, but certainly the heavenly application of the blood is done once for all when Christ enters into the holy place, as Hebrews says.
  zh: 地上有血的应用，但天上血的应用（如希伯来书所言）是基督一次永远进入圣所完成的。
- start: 3112.683
  end: 3115.023
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But then the last step is the eating.
  zh: 最后一步是吃祭肉。
- start: 3115.023
  end: 3117.323
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We eat the flesh, we drink the blood.
  zh: 我们吃他的肉，喝他的血。
- start: 3117.323
  end: 3125.103
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That happens on Holy Thursday as well, and at every mass subsequent, again with the do this kind of language.
  zh: 这发生在圣周四及此后每台弥撒——同样用『应当如此行』的表述。
- start: 3125.103
  end: 3134.883
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, I wanna just wrap this up by, by tying in a couple other broad points about sacrifice we see from the Old Testament that, that point to this.
  zh: 我想通过旧约关于祭献的几个要点收束论述。
- start: 3134.883
  end: 3142.843
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And one of those is the connection between the table of the Lord, which is clearly present at the Last Supper, and the altar of the Lord.
  zh: 其一是主的筵席（明确见于最后晚餐）与主的祭坛的关联。
- start: 3142.843
  end: 3148.703
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Because for many modern Protestants, the table of the Lord just means like a kitchen table or a dinner table.
  zh: 许多现代新教徒认为『主的筵席』只是普通餐桌。
- start: 3148.703
  end: 3150.463
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We're just gathering around and commemorating.
  zh: 只是聚集纪念。
- start: 3150.463
  end: 3154.063
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But in fact, the table of the Lord is an altar.
  zh: 但事实上，主的筵席就是祭坛。
- start: 3154.063
  end: 3154.683
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: How do we know that?
  zh: 如何确知？
- start: 3154.683
  end: 3157.003
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Well, one of the places we know that is Malachi 1.
  zh: 玛拉基书1章。
- start: 3157.003
  end: 3159.163
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Read verse 6-7.
  zh: 6-7节：
- start: 3159.163
  end: 3163.243
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: God is rebuking the unholy priests of Israel.
  zh: 神责备以色列不虔敬的祭司：
- start: 3163.243
  end: 3164.643
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He says, "How have you despised...
  zh: 『你们藐视...
- start: 3164.643
  end: 3170.823
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You say, how have we despised thy name?" And he answers, "By offering polluted food upon my altar." And you say, "How have we polluted it?
  zh: 你们说：「我们在何事上藐视你的名呢？」你们将污秽的食物献在我的坛上。你们又说：「我们在何事上污秽你呢？」
- start: 3170.823
  end: 3177.763
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: By thinking that the Lord's table may be despised." Notice he uses the phrase my altar and the Lord's table interchangeably.
  zh: 『因你们说耶和华的桌子是可藐视的。』注意他将『我的坛』与『耶和华的桌子』交替使用。
- start: 3177.763
  end: 3179.803
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The Lord's table is an altar.
  zh: 耶和华的桌子就是祭坛。
- start: 3179.803
  end: 3187.083
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That becomes very relevant when we read about the table of the Lord in regards to the Eucharist in 1 Corinthians.
  zh: 这与哥林多前书论圣餐时『主的筵席』的表述直接相关。
- start: 3187.083
  end: 3197.863
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Remember that pastor at the beginning of the episode who was lamenting that at the heart of the church, in a Catholic church, you're not gonna find a pulpit where somebody's preaching to you.
  zh: 记得本集开头那位牧师抱怨说：『在公教会堂中心找不到讲道台』。
- start: 3197.863
  end: 3199.863
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You're gonna find the altar, the table of the Lord.
  zh: 找到的是祭坛——主的筵席。
- start: 3199.863
  end: 3201.543
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's Biblical.
  zh: 这完全符合圣经。
- start: 3201.543
  end: 3211.203
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Like when Christ says, "If you've got a problem with your brother, go and resolve it with your brother before you bring your gifts to the altar," He's presupposing that in Christian worship, the center of that worship is an altar.
  zh: 正如基督说：『你在祭坛前献礼物时，若想起弟兄向你怀怨，就当先去和好』——这预设基督教崇拜的中心是祭坛。
- start: 3211.203
  end: 3216.583
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That doesn't stop just because somebody wants to preach instead of focus on the table of the Lord.
  zh: 不会因有人想讲道而非聚焦主的筵席就改变。
- start: 3216.583
  end: 3218.923
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: 1 Corinthians 10.
  zh: 哥林多前书10章。
- start: 3218.923
  end: 3223.223
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Saint Paul's talking about the Eucharist and he puts it in Passover terms.
  zh: 圣保罗论圣餐时采用逾越节术语。
- start: 3223.223
  end: 3227.383
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The cup of blessing is the third of the four cups, uh, in the Passover liturgy.
  zh: 『祝谢的杯』是逾越节四杯中的第三杯。
- start: 3227.383
  end: 3236.263
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He says, "The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a participation in the blood of Christ?" Okay, so he's taking for granted, he's asking this rhetorically, right?
  zh: 他说：『我们所祝福的杯，岂不是同领基督的血吗？』这是修辞性设问。
- start: 3236.263
  end: 3249.603
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That when we receive our Passover, we are receiving the cup of blessing, and this is in some way a participation in the blood of Christ, not merely the recollection, but a participation in the blood of Christ.
  zh: 当我们领受逾越节时，就是在领受祝谢的杯——这某种意义上是参与基督的血，不仅是纪念，而是真实参与。
- start: 3249.603
  end: 3250.783
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, how could that be?
  zh: 这如何可能？
- start: 3250.783
  end: 3252.423
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's the question you should be asking.
  zh: 这是你们该问的问题。
- start: 3252.423
  end: 3253.483
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Is...
  zh: 接着...
- start: 3253.483
  end: 3255.763
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Then I'm gonna give you a second rhetorical question.
  zh: 第二个修辞性设问：
- start: 3255.763
  end: 3260.043
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The bread which we break, is it not a participation in the body of Christ?
  zh: 『我们所擘开的饼，岂不是同领基督的身体吗？』
- start: 3260.043
  end: 3262.363
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Okay, how could that be?
  zh: 这又如何可能？
- start: 3262.363
  end: 3270.483
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Then he's gonna say a third provocative thing, because there is, it actually says one loaf, arton in Greek.
  zh: 第三个惊人表述：『我们虽多，仍是一个饼（希腊文arton）
- start: 3270.483
  end: 3275.703
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Because there is one loaf, we who are many are one body, for we all partake of the one loaf.
  zh: 一个身体，因为我们都是分受这一个饼。』
- start: 3275.703
  end: 3278.503
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Now, I've seen Protestants point to this and say, "Aha!
  zh: 我见过新教徒据此宣称：『看啊！
- start: 3278.503
  end: 3291.903
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Paul must not think that this actually becomes the body and blood of Christ 'cause he calls it the one bread." This is a very bad objection because he can't literally mean there's one loaf of bread all of the Christians on Earth are sharing.
  zh: 保罗称『一个饼』，说明他不认为饼酒真变成基督体血！』这反驳很拙劣——因不可能指全球基督徒共分一个饼。
- start: 3291.903
  end: 3299.889
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You can't even imagine that all the Christians in Corinth are sharing the same loaf of bread with one another and Saint Paul, who's not there in Corinth....
  zh: 甚至哥林多信徒也不可能共分同一个饼（保罗当时不在哥林多）...
- start: 3299.889
  end: 3307.189
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: clearly the one loaf, as when Christ describes one loaf being o- on the boat, the one bread, the one loaf is Jesus Christ.
  zh: 显然『一个饼』如同基督说『船上的一个饼』——这饼就是基督。
- start: 3307.189
  end: 3314.689
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So taking that to mean like, oh, it must literally be a loaf of bread, is, is a very bad misreading.
  zh: 将其理解为字面意义的饼是严重误读。
- start: 3314.689
  end: 3317.329
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So you get three things he's laying out here.
  zh: 保罗在此阐明三点：
- start: 3317.329
  end: 3321.229
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Number one, when we drink from the chalice, we're participating in the blood of Christ.
  zh: 一、饮杯时参与基督的血；
- start: 3321.229
  end: 3327.469
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: When we eat of the Eucharistic bread or loaf or host, whatever you want to say, we're participating in the body of Christ.
  zh: 二、吃饼时参与基督的身体；
- start: 3327.469
  end: 3334.909
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And third, in some way, because we're doing that, because we're partaking, we are becoming the body of Christ.
  zh: 三、因这领受，我们成为基督的身体。
- start: 3334.909
  end: 3343.069
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: We are becoming united with Christ such that we're not united just with Christ the head, we're also united one with another as the body of Christ.
  zh: 我们与基督联合——不仅与元首基督联合，也彼此联合成为基督的身体。
- start: 3343.069
  end: 3348.47
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He's going to expand on that theology more a couple chapters later in First Corinthians 12.
  zh: 他将在哥林多前书12章进一步展开这神学。
- start: 3348.47
  end: 3352.229
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But I'm gonna focus more on the first two of those three questions.
  zh: 我将聚焦前两个问题。
- start: 3352.229
  end: 3355.609
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The third one I think will become clear in answering the first two.
  zh: 第三个问题会在解答前两个时自然明晰。
- start: 3355.609
  end: 3360.589
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: He's gonna explain how this can be, and the first way he's gonna look is, well, look at the practice of Israel.
  zh: 他将解释这如何可能——首先考察以色列的实践：
- start: 3360.589
  end: 3363.869
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Are not those who eat the sacrifices partners in the altar?
  zh: 『那吃祭物的，岂不是在祭坛上有份吗？』
- start: 3363.869
  end: 3364.869
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: What's he mean there?
  zh: 何意？
- start: 3364.869
  end: 3368.629
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: It's what we've been talking about for the last better part of an hour.
  zh: 正是我们过去一小时讨论的内容。
- start: 3368.629
  end: 3375.409
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That when you sacrifice, that is not how you become united with the sacrifice, just with the killing.
  zh: 祭献时，仅通过宰杀无法与祭品联合。
- start: 3375.409
  end: 3379.529
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You then have to eat the sacrifice to become a partner in the altar.
  zh: 必须吃祭品才成为祭坛上有份的人。
- start: 3379.529
  end: 3382.449
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Somebody else might be at the altar doing the actual killing.
  zh: 或许他人在祭坛执行宰杀。
- start: 3382.449
  end: 3384.389
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You become a partner by eating.
  zh: 你通过吃成为参与者。
- start: 3384.389
  end: 3387.57
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You know, let's say you're a kid in the household.
  zh: 假设你是家中的孩子。
- start: 3387.57
  end: 3389.49
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You're not the primary breadwinner.
  zh: 非家庭经济支柱。
- start: 3389.49
  end: 3391.089
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You didn't buy the lamb.
  zh: 未购买羔羊。
- start: 3391.089
  end: 3392.449
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You didn't raise the lamb.
  zh: 未饲养羔羊。
- start: 3392.449
  end: 3394.17
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You didn't slaughter the lamb.
  zh: 未宰杀羔羊。
- start: 3394.17
  end: 3397.15
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: How are you covered by the sacrifice of the lamb?
  zh: 如何因羔羊祭献得蒙遮盖？
- start: 3397.15
  end: 3398.25
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Well, by eating the lamb.
  zh: 通过吃羔羊。
- start: 3398.25
  end: 3399.489
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That's how.
  zh: 正是如此。
- start: 3399.489
  end: 3408.19
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And that's Saint Paul's point, that if you understand that, then you understand how it is the Eucharist makes us partners in Christ's sacrifice on the cross, because we're eating the flesh of Christ.
  zh: 圣保罗的重点是：若明白这点，就明白圣餐如何使我们有份于基督十字架的祭献——因我们吃基督的肉。
- start: 3408.19
  end: 3416.969
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But notice, that analogy only makes sense if the Eucharist is a sacrifice, like the Jewish sacrifices of old.
  zh: 但注意：唯有当圣餐是祭献（如同古时犹太祭献）时，这比喻才成立。
- start: 3416.969
  end: 3419.949
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Because they're not just remembering.
  zh: 因他们不仅是纪念。
- start: 3419.949
  end: 3423.329
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Like, the Passover isn't just a recollection of the lamb got killed yesterday.
  zh: 逾越节不仅回忆昨日宰杀的羔羊。
- start: 3423.329
  end: 3427.109
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: No, they're actually participating in the sacrifice of the lamb by eating it.
  zh: 而是通过吃真实参与羔羊的祭献。
- start: 3427.109
  end: 3436.949
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: If that wasn't provocative enough, he's then going to contrast it with the practice of pagans, as they do the same thing in sacrifices to demons.
  zh: 若这还不够震撼，保罗继而对比外邦人祭鬼的实践——
- start: 3436.949
  end: 3440.529
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: That what they sacrificed, they offer to demons and not to God.
  zh: 『他们所献的祭是祭鬼，不是祭神』
- start: 3440.529
  end: 3448.969
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And so they become partners by making idolatrous sacrifices, and then critically, eating those sacrifices.
  zh: 他们通过献祭与吃祭物成为参与者。
- start: 3448.969
  end: 3453.989
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And Paul's point, he says, is, "I do not want you to be partners with demons.
  zh: 保罗说：『我不愿你们与鬼相交。
- start: 3453.989
  end: 3457.009
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons.
  zh: 你们不能喝主的杯，又喝鬼的杯。
- start: 3457.009
  end: 3461.969
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: You cannot partake of the table of the Lord and the table of demons." What's the table of demons?
  zh: 不能同领主的筵席与鬼的筵席。』鬼的筵席是什么？
- start: 3461.969
  end: 3462.769
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Well, it's an altar.
  zh: 是祭坛。
- start: 3462.769
  end: 3464.749
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: What's the table of the Lord?
  zh: 主的筵席是什么？
- start: 3464.749
  end: 3468.629
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Also an altar in a Eucharistic context.
  zh: 在圣餐背景下也是祭坛。
- start: 3468.629
  end: 3474.989
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: So in Saint Paul's understanding of Christian worship, the altar is front and center.
  zh: 因此按圣保罗的理解，基督教崇拜以祭坛为核心。
- start: 3474.989
  end: 3479.109
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: In many modern evangelicals, it's not.
  zh: 许多现代福音派却非如此。
- start: 3479.109
  end: 3480.009
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: The pulpit is.
  zh: 以讲道台为中心。
- start: 3480.009
  end: 3486.629
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: And I would suggest that is a pretty obvious violation of the Biblical pattern of worship, that you can...
  zh: 我认为这明显违背圣经的崇拜模式...
- start: 3486.629
  end: 3506.629
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: If you understand Jewish sacrifice, then you can hopefully see why today, on Holy Thursday, we celebrate that everything prefigured in the old covenant with all the sacrificial worship is being fulfilled now, first at the table of the Lord, the altar, the Last Supper, and then at the altar of the Lord, the cross.
  zh: 若理解犹太祭献，就能明白为何今日（圣周四）我们庆祝旧约所有祭献预表之事正在应验——先在主的筵席（祭坛/最后晚餐），后在主的祭坛（十字架）。
- start: 3506.629
  end: 3528.989
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: But that the cross and the table are both altars, and they have to be understood in relation to one another, because one is the altar at which the lamb is to be sacrificed tomorrow, and the other is the altar at which the Lamb lays down his life and gives himself to be eaten so that we too can behold God and eat and drink.
  zh: 十字架与筵席都是祭坛，必须相互关联——因一是明日羔羊将被献上的祭坛，一是羔羊舍命并赐下自己为食物的祭坛，使我们也能见神并吃喝。
- start: 3528.989
  end: 3532.009
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: For Shameless Potpourri, I'm Joe Heschmeyer.
  zh: 《厚颜教皇党》节目，我是乔·赫施迈尔。
- start: 3532.009
  end: 3532.909
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: God bless you.
  zh: 愿神祝福你们。
- start: 3532.909
  end: 3538.009
  speaker: speaker_0
  en: Have a blessed Holy Thursday, Good Friday, and pretty soon, Easter Sunday.
  zh: 祝你们圣周四、受难日及即将到来的复活主日蒙福。
