我们先以祷告开始如何？ How about we begin with a prayer, yes?
奉圣父、圣子、圣灵的名。 In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
天父，我们感谢你赐予这个夜晚。 Father, we thank you for this night.
我们祈求你的恩典和祝福临到我们。 We ask your grace and your blessing upon us.
求你使所有无家可归的人和所有在寒冷中挣扎的人都能保暖。 Please keep warm all those who are homeless, all those who will be struggling with the cold.
帮助我们认识你的爱，明白你的旨意。 Help us to know your love, to know your will.
当我们学习你的神圣之道和神圣启示时，求你帮助我们理解。 As we study about your divine word, your divine revelation, ask that you would help us to understand.
求你赐给我们智慧、理解、知识和谋略的恩赐，使我们能知晓你的旨意，认识你的真理，认识你。 Please give us the gifts of wisdom, understanding, knowledge, and counsel so that we may know your will, know your truth, know you.
赐给我们虔诚、刚毅和敬畏神的心，使我们今生能事奉你，永远与你同在。 Give us a piety, fortitude, and fear of the Lord that we may serve you in this life and be with you forever.
我们藉着我们的主基督祈求这一切。 We ask this through Christ our Lord.
奉圣父、圣子、圣灵的名。 In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
很高兴见到你们大家。 It's good to see you all.
感谢你们在科罗拉多美好的夏日天气中出来。 Thanks for coming out in the midst of the nice Colorado summer weather.
外面有点冷。 It's a bit cold out there.
今晚我们将讨论圣经和圣传。 So tonight we're going to be talking about sacred scripture and sacred tradition.
具体来看，神圣启示是如何传递的？ And looking at, specifically, how is divine revelation transmitted?
神如何向我们说话，这如何在两千年间传递下来？ How does God speak to us, and how is it transmitted throughout 2,000 years?
那么，这整个被称为圣传的东西是什么？ And then, what is this whole thing called sacred tradition?
作为天主教徒，我们相信圣经和圣传是神传递他的道的方式。 As Catholics, we believe in sacred scripture and sacred tradition as the way God transmits his word.
所以理解什么是圣传真的很重要。 So it's really important to understand what's sacred tradition.
圣经是显而易见的。 Sacred scripture is obvious.
圣经。 Bible.
就是这样。 Boom.
什么是圣传？ What's sacred tradition?
圣经是唯一的权威吗？这是我们与新教徒或非公教会基督徒或新教基 督徒之间的整个区别，他们相信唯独圣经，认为圣经是唯一的权威。 Is the Bible the only authority, which is this whole difference between us and Protestants, or us and non-Catholic Christians, or Protestant Christians, is they believe in sola scriptura, that the Bible is the only authority.
我们谈论圣经和圣传。 We talk about scripture and tradition.
然后我们将讨论次经。 And then we're going to talk about the deuterocanonical books.
为什么公教会的圣经比新教圣经有更多的书卷？ Why does a Catholic Bible have more books in it than a Protestant Bible?
然后我们将以讨论三个私人显现或私人启示来结束。 And then we'll end with some discussions on three private apparitions, or private revelations.
法蒂玛圣母、露德圣母和瓜达卢佩圣母。 Our Lady of Fatima, Our Lady of Lourdes, and Our Lady of Guadalupe.
好的。 Okay.
所以，记住这一点，我们将讨论启示，当然是神圣启示，以便将回顾带回到整个真理领域。 So, kind of remembering this, we're going to talk about revelation, divine revelation, of course, to kind of bring the review back to this whole realm of truth.
什么是真理？ What is truth?
真理是心智与现实的一致。 Truth is the mind's correspondence to reality.
当我们的心智以现实存在的方式感知现实时。 When our minds perceive reality the way it exists.
我们可以知道真实的事物。 And we can know things that are true.
对吧？ Right?
神存在。 God exists.
这要么是真的要么是假的，取决于他是否真的存在。 That's either true or false, depending on whether he actually exists.
耶稣是神的儿子。 Jesus is the Son of God.
这不仅仅是一种信念。 That's just not a belief.
这是一个真理声明。 That's a truth claim.
而且这是一个历史事实。 And it's a historical reality.
他要么曾在地上行走，要么没有。这个在地上行走的人 要么是神的儿子，三位一体的第二位格，要么不是。 He either walked the face of the earth or he didn't. This guy that walked the face of the earth is either the Son of God, second person of the Holy Trinity, or he's not.
这不仅仅是一种信念。 That's not just a belief.
我们相信它。 We believe it.
但这是关于真理的声明。 But it's a claim about truth.
有两个层次的真理，两种类型的真理。 And there's two levels of truth, two types of truth.
一种被称为自然真理，是我们仅凭理性就能知道的真理。 One is, it's called natural truths, truths that we can know just by reason.
你知道，我可以知道如果A等于B，B等于C，那么会怎样？ You know, I can know that if A equals B, and B equals C, then what?
A等于C。这就是所谓的逻辑。 A equals C. That's called logic.
我们仅凭理性就能知道神存在，这就是所谓的哲学。 We can know that God exists just by reason, which is called philosophy.
有些自然真理我们可以弄明白，因为我们有智力，因为我们有理性思考和清晰思考的能力。 There's natural truths that we can figure out because we have intellects, because we have the ability to reason and to think clearly.
然后还有超自然真理。 And then there's supernatural truths.
超自然真理是仅凭理性无法认知的事物。 Supernatural truths are things that are not capable of being known just by reason alone.
神必须实际与我们交谈，必须实际启示事物。 God has to actually talk to us, actually has to reveal things.
这对任何事物都是一样的。 And that's the same way with anything.
我可以整天看着人，但他们不会告诉我他们在想什么。 I can look at people all day, but they ain't going to tell me what they're thinking.
他们可能在想兔子。 They can be thinking bunny rabbits.
他们可能在想彩虹糖棒。 They can be thinking Skittle Bars.
我吃彩虹糖棒。 I eat Skittle Bars.
根本没有彩虹糖棒这种东西。 There's no such thing as a Skittle Bar.
下一个伟大的发明，就在那里，专利申请中。 Next great invention, right there, patent pending.
彩虹糖棒，为什么没人想到这个？ Skittle Bars, why hasn't someone thought of this?
我告诉你，这个建设项目很好。 I'm telling you, the building project is good.
我们要赚一百万美元，把它卖给彩虹糖公司。 We're going to make a million dollars, sell that to Skittles.
无论如何，超自然真理就像三位一体，圣父、圣子和圣灵这样的事物。 Anyway, so supernatural truths are things like the Holy Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
我们知道神存在，但他的内在生命，他是三个位格，这必须被启示。 We know that God exists, but his inner life, that he's three persons, that has to be revealed.
我们之前几次讨论过，生命最重大的问题实际上确实需要启示。 And we talked about a few times ago that life's greatest questions actually do require revelation.
因为我们通过理性所能知道的是有限的。 Because what we can know by reason has its limits.
我们可以知道有一个宇宙，我们可以观察宇宙，我们可以学到很多关 于宇宙、物理学、天体物理学、量子力学和所有这些事物的知识。 We can know that there's a universe, and we can look at the universe, and we can learn a lot about the universe and physics and astrophysics and quantum mechanics and all these things.
为什么会有宇宙？ Why is there a universe?
为什么有东西而不是什么都没有？ Why is there something rather than nothing?
科学家无法回答这个问题，因为这超出了科学的范畴。 Scientists can't answer that question because that's outside of science.
为什么会有大爆炸？ Why was there a Big Bang?
为什么会有任何东西？ Why is there anything at all?
这是一个必须问创造者的问题，说「创造者，你为什么这样做？」 That's a question that has to be asked to the creator and say, Creator, why did you do this?
这就是启示。 That's revelation.
我生命的意义是什么？ What's the meaning of my life?
通过理性，我可以知道很多关于我生命意义的事。 There's a lot I can know about the meaning of my life by reason.
我认为，我可以论证，仅凭理性，我们就能证明我们生命的意义 是爱我们的神，寻求与他建立关系，并寻求在爱中奉献自己。 I think I would say, and I think I can argue, that we can prove that the meaning of our lives, just on the level of reason, is to love the Lord our God, and to seek a relationship with him, and to seek to give ourselves in love, just by reason.
但我们没有时间深入探讨这个理性证明。 But we don't have time to go into that rational proof.
但神是谁？ But who is God?
他关心我们吗？ Does he care about us?
他关心这些事情吗？ Does he care about any of this stuff?
神希望我如何生活？ How does God want me to live?
仅凭理性我就能知道很多关于道德的事，但还有另一个层面，除了 不杀人、不说谎、不欺骗、不偷窃之外，神还希望我做什么吗？ I can know a lot about morality just by reason, but there's a whole other level of, is there anything else that God wants me to be doing other than just not kill people, and not lie and cheat and steal?
我如何才能进天堂？ How do I get to heaven?
我如何克服身体和灵魂分离的现实，进入天堂？ How do I overcome the whole reality of the separation of my body and my soul, and get to heaven?
所以如果神没有启示，我们永远无法完全知道这些问题的答案，以及更多。 So we can never fully know these answers to these questions, and more, if God hadn't revealed them.
好的，我们已经讨论过这个了。 Okay, so we've talked about that.
我们讨论过一些神圣启示是必要的，因为我们渴望的不仅仅是真理，对吧？ We've talked about some divine revelation as necessary, because we desire more than just truth, right?
我们来这里不仅仅是为了学习一堆东西。 We're not here just to learn a bunch of stuff.
希望你来这里学习一堆东西是为了帮助你在与神的关系中成长。 Hopefully you're here to learn a bunch of stuff to help you grow in your relationship with God.
我的目标不是颁发学位，而是把耶稣给你。 My goal is not to give out a degree, but to give you Jesus.
你能想象复活节守夜吗？ Can you imagine the Easter Vigil?
你走上前来，这是你的文凭，你完成了天主教入门圣事。我 花了26周听马特神父讲了疯狂的时间，就为了一张纸？ You're walking up, and here's your diploma, you completed RCIA. I went to 26 weeks listening to Father Matt talk for crazy amounts of hours, for a piece of paper?
它不会给我带来任何新工作，也不会有任何作用。 It's not going to get me any new job, it's not going to do anything.
我要做什么？ What am I going to do?
我要说，你会走上前来，我会说「基督的身体」。 I'm going to say, you're going to walk up, and I'm going to say, The Body of Christ.
你会觉得，好吧，这值得。 You're like, okay, this was worth it.
如果我能从中得到耶稣，我会一直听马特神父讲下去。 I'll listen to Father Matt talk on and on and on, if I get Jesus out of the deal.
这是如此崇高的呼召，神要向我们启示自己和真理是合理的。 It's so high a calling, it's reasonable that God is going to reveal himself and reveal the truth to us.
《教理》是这样说的「神以他的善良和智慧乐意启示自己，并使人知道他旨意的奥秘，他的 旨意是人应当通过基督，即成为肉身的道，在圣灵内接近圣父，从而成为分享神性的人」。 This is what the Catechism says, it says, It pleased God in his goodness and wisdom, to reveal himself and to make known the mystery of his will, his will that men should have access to the Father through Christ, the Word of made flesh, in the Holy Spirit, and thus become sharers in the divine nature.
所以因为这个崇高的呼召，神不仅仅希望你成为一个正直 的人，他希望你分享他自己的本性，分享他自己的生命。 So because this high calling that, it's not just God wants you to be decent, he wants you to share in his own nature, share in his own life.
哇，这太强烈了。 Well, man, that's intense.
我们看启示，我认为公教会原则之一是，当神做事时，当神启示时，他不仅仅说一个词，他会做事。 And we look at Revelation, I think one of the kind of Catholic principles is that when God does stuff, when God reveals, he doesn't just speak a word, he does things.
他的话语是有力的，它创造，它发生。 His word is powerful, it creates, it happens.
他说「要有光」，一个宇宙就被创造了。 And he says, let there be light, there's a universe that's created.
这对理解圣事的现实非常重要，这整个话语和行动，或话语和物质现实。 And that's going to be really important for understanding sacramental realities, this whole word and action, or word and material reality.
所以神给出十诫，他做了什么？ So God gives the Ten Commandments, what does he do?
写在石头上。 Writes on stone.
当神呼召以色列人出来时，他确实要施行这些灾难，他与人互动。 When God calls the people out of Israel, he literally has to do these plagues, and he interacts.
我们与神的关系不仅仅是他说「嘿，你们那边，你们需要做这个」。 Our relationship with God is not just him saying, hey down there, you need to do this.
他实际上参与其中，他参与并做事。 He actually gets involved, and he gets involved and he does stuff.
就像耶稣基督一样，他参与其中，他做事，他死在十字架上。 It's like with Jesus Christ, he gets involved and he does stuff, and he dies on the cross.
如果我们想理解为什么我们相信圣经和圣传是传递神圣启示的方式，我们要看神如何启示自己。 If we want to kind of understand, why do we believe in scripture and tradition as the modes of transmitting divine revelation, we look at how God revealed himself.
这里有一种模式。 And there's kind of a pattern.
所以神想要在他的旨意中启示自己，因为亚当和夏娃背 离了，他们变得无知，所以神想与亚当的子孙互动。 So God wants to reveal himself in his will, because Adam and Eve turned away, they became oblivious, and so God wants to interact with the sons and daughters of Adam.
所以神对先知说话，命令他将那信息传给人们。 So the Lord speaks to a prophet, commands him to give that message to the people.
就像神在燃烧的荆棘中对摩西说话。 Like the Lord speaks to Moses at the burning bush.
摩西，我要你回去告诉法老，让我的百姓去。 Moses, I want you to go back and tell Pharaoh, let my people go.
于是他给了他一个信息。 And so he gives him a message.
先知将信息传达给百姓。 The prophet delivers the message to the people.
神如此说。 Thus says the Lord.
有时这会遇到「杀了这个人」的反应。 Sometimes that's met with, kill this guy.
有时会遇到「让我们这样做」的反应。 Sometimes it's met with, let's do this.
神以大能的作为支持这信息。 The Lord backs up the message with mighty deeds.
所以摩西去见法老，告诉他「让我的百姓去」。 So Moses went to Pharaoh and told him, let my people go.
杖，他做了什么？ The staff, what did he do?
杖变成了蛇。 The staff turned into a serpent.
他做了什么？ What did he do?
灾难，他使尼罗河变成血。 The plagues, he turned the Nile River into blood.
所有不同的灾难和红海分开。 All the different plagues and part of the Red Sea.
所以神以行动支持他的话。 So God backs up his word with action.
这信息代代相传。 And that message gets handed down from generation to generation.
以色列人听到这些故事，他们讲述这些故事。 People of Israel hear the stories, and they tell the stories.
所以我们的一个大问题是，这个巨大的事件。 So one of our big questions then, this huge event.
如果你在埃及被奴役430年，那是10代人，有这些疯狂的奇迹和疯狂的事情。 If you're enslaved in Egypt for 430 years, that's 10 generations of children, and there's these crazy miracles and crazy things.
你看到河分开，海分开，你走过去，神在山上降下火，还有所有这些令人惊奇的事情。 You see the river's part, the sea part, and you're walking through, and God breathes down fire on the mountain, and all these amazing things.
你会讲述那个故事。 You're going to tell that story.
但问题是，你如何防止那个故事被篡改？ But the question is, how are you going to keep that story from getting corrupted?
你知道，我们小时候都玩过传话游戏，对吧。 You know, we've all played the telephone game, right, as a kid.
我之前提到过这个。 I mentioned this before.
在这里开始一个信息，到最后，仅仅20分钟，它就会变得完全疯狂。 Start a message here, by the end of here, just in 20 minutes, it's going to be all crazy.
那么神将如何保护他的话语并保存他的话语？ And so how is God going to protect his word and preserve his word?
好的。 Okay.
那么在旧约中，发生了什么？ So in the Old Testament, what happens?
圣父启示自己和他对我们救赎的计划。 God the Father reveals himself and his plan for our salvation.
他通过一系列的约来做这件事，与亚伯拉罕、摩西、大卫和先知们立约。 And he does that through a series of covenants, with Abraham, with Moses, with David, and the prophets.
然后在新约中，神的儿子耶稣基督被圣父差遣来完成神圣启示。 In the New Testament, then, the Son of God, Jesus Christ, sent by the Father to complete divine revelation.
耶稣实际上不仅仅给我们更多的真理，他实际上将其担在自己身上。 And Jesus actually doesn't just give us some more truths, he actually takes it on himself.
他说「我就是道路、真理、生命」。 He says, I am the way, the truth, and the life.
他实际上不仅声称是新启示的给予者，他声称自己就是神的道。 He actually claims not to just be the giver of a new revelation, he claims to be the Word of God.
太初有道，道与神同在，道就是神。 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
所以他声称自己就是神的启示。 So he claims to be the revelation of God in himself.
然后我们看到，当耶稣升天时，在五旬节，在使徒行传中，圣灵被圣 父和圣子差遣，通过使徒来维持和引导教会，守护和宣告神的启示。 And then we see, when Jesus ascends into heaven, what happens at Pentecost, in the Acts of the Apostles, the Holy Spirit is sent by the Father and the Son to sustain and guide the Church through the Apostles, and guarding and proclaiming God's revelation.
他们领受圣灵，他们出去，彼得宣讲信息。 They receive the Holy Spirit, they go out, and Peter proclaims the message.
他们四处走动，开始建立教会，施洗，将耶稣基督的好消息带给人们。 They go around, they start establishing churches and baptizing and bringing people to the good news of Jesus Christ.
耶稣应许圣灵会保护他们，使他们持守一切真理。 And the Holy Spirit, Jesus promises that the Holy Spirit's going to guard them and keep them in all truth.
因此，这就是我们开始看到彼得和使徒们的领域，第一位教 宗和主教们，第一位教宗和主教们，然后是他们的继承者。 And so, this is where we start to see this realm of Peter and the Apostles, the first Pope and the bishops, the first Pope and the bishops, and then their successors.
好的。 Okay.
所以，今晚的一个词或短语叫做信仰宝库。 So, one of the kind of words or phrases of the night is called a deposit of faith.
什么是信仰宝库？ What is the deposit of faith?
信仰宝库是包含在圣经和圣传中的信仰遗产，自使徒时代起在教会中 传承，训导权从中汲取它所提出的一切作为神圣启示的信仰内容。 The deposit of faith is the heritage of faith contained in sacred scripture and tradition, handed on in the Church from the time of the Apostles, from which the magisterium draws all that it proposes for belief as being divinely revealed.
所以，神希望传达给全人类的一切，我们称之为信仰宝库。 So, everything that God has wished to communicate to the entire human race, we call the deposit of faith.
全部。 All of it.
那是如何传达的，它说什么？ And that's communicated, what does it say?
包含在圣经和圣传中，自使徒时代起在教会中传承，然后是训导权，训导权来自m agister这个词，意思是教师，训导权是教会的教导权威，教宗和主教们， 所以当他们提出，当他们说什么时，他们不只是在说「嘿，我觉得这真的很好」。 Contained in scripture and tradition, handed on in the Church from the time of the Apostles, and that's, so then the magisterium, magisterium comes from the word magister, which means teacher, the magisterium is the teaching authority of the Church, the Pope and the bishops, so they, when they come up with, when they say something, they're not just speaking like, hey, I think this is really good.
他们是从信仰宝库中汲取。 They're drawing from the deposit of faith.
神给了我们这个，这就是它现在如何应用。 God gave us this, and here's how it applies right now.
好的。 Okay.
所以，这还有另一个短语，叫做公开启示或神圣启示。 So, this is also another phrase, it's called public revelation or divine revelation.
神希望全人类知道和接受的启示。 The revelation that God wishes all of the human race to know and to receive.
这在最后一位使徒去世时就结束了，尽管我们对它的理解和应用可以继续增长。 And that was closed at the death of the last Apostle, though our understanding and our application of it can grow and continue.
所以，我们不相信这种，比如持续的启示或者「嘿，你知道，神在那里对我说话」。 So, we don't believe in this, like continuing revelations or, hey, you know, God spoke to me there.
哦，最好叫印刷厂。 Oh, better call the printing press.
是时候再写一本圣经了。 Time for another book of the Bible.
不。 Nope.
信仰宝库，神希望传达的一切，他通过耶稣基督传达给使徒 们，通过圣灵传达给使徒们，当约翰去世时，就结束了。 The deposit of faith, everything that God wished to communicate, he communicated through Jesus Christ, to the Apostles, through the Holy Spirit, to the Apostles, and when John died, that was it.
不需要再给予其他东西。 Nothing else needed to be given.
一切都已经给予了。 Everything had been given.
现在，出现了新的情况，比如克隆、胚胎干细胞研究和体外受精。 Now, there's new situations that come up, like cloning and embryonic stem cell research and in vitro fertilization.
但一直以来，我们需要解决这些问题的所有东西都已经给予了， 并有教导权威无误地说这要么符合神的神圣启示，要么不符合。 But all the way, all the stuff that we need to solve those problems has already been given with the teaching authority to infallibly say that is either in line with God's divine revelation or it's not.
好的。 Okay.
所以，传递神的道。 So, handing down the Word.
所以，回到我们在圣经中看到的，我们看到耶稣宣讲 福音，并通过他的生、死和复活来实现它，对吧？ So, kind of going back to what we see in the Scriptures, we see Jesus preached the Gospel and fulfilled it by his life, death, and resurrection, right?
然后他将那福音托付给使徒们，并给予他们权柄以他的名义说话。 He then entrusted that Gospel to the Apostles and gave them authority to speak in his name.
我们之前提到过，路加福音10章16节。「听从你们的就是听从我。」 And we mentioned this before, Luke 10, 16. He who hears you, hears me.
「弃绝你们的就是弃绝我。」 He who rejects you, rejects me.
「弃绝我的就是弃绝那差我来的。」 And he who rejects me, rejects him who sent me.
所以，耶稣给予使徒们以他说话的同等水平、同等权威来说话的能力。 So, Jesus gives the Apostles the ability to speak with the same level that he speaks, same level of authority.
你听使徒的话，就是在听耶稣的话。 You hear the Apostle, you're hearing Jesus.
这是一个巨大的声明，一个巨大的宣称。 That is a huge statement, a huge claim.
哎呀。 Oops.
所以，这启示的完整性... And so, this fullness of revelation...
哎呀，我们继续。 Oops, here we go.
我们看到那时神启示的完整性。 We see the fullness of God's revelation at that time.
在耶稣的时代，启示以两种方式传递。 At the time of Jesus, revelation is handed on in two ways.
一种是通过旧约。 One is by the Old Testament.
你知道，在这个时候，旧约已经完成了。 You know, at this time, the Old Testament is complete.
旧约中没有新书卷被写成。 There's not new books written in the Old Testament.
为什么？ Why?
因为耶稣在那里。 Because Jesus is there.
耶稣在那里是为了应验旧约。 Jesus is there to fulfill the Old Testament.
所以，他们有圣经。 And so, they have the Scriptures.
他们有希伯来文圣经，也有七十士译本，那是圣经的希腊文译本。 They have the Hebrew and they have the Sattuagit, which is the Greek translation of the Bible.
他们有所有的书卷。 They got all the books.
但是耶稣四处走动，说着神的道，因为他就是神的道。 But then Jesus is going around and saying stuff that's God's Word, because he is God's Word.
所以，这被称为口头传统。 And so, this is called oral tradition.
圣传意味着被传递下来的东西。 Tradition means what's handed on.
Tradizio是传递的意思。 Tradizio is to hand over.
Tradere是传递的意思。 Tradere is to hand over.
所以，如果我想知道神的道是什么，你知道，我已经有了旧约和预言， 然后我听到耶稣说，你们听见有话说，以眼还眼，以牙还牙，我告诉你 们，这对某人来说是一个相当大胆的声明，你们听见圣经上说过这个。 So, if I want to know what God's Word is, you know, I already got the Old Testament and the prophecies, and then I got Jesus saying, you heard it said, an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, what I say to you, which is a pretty bold statement for someone to say, you heard it was said in the Bible this.
我告诉你们这个。 I'm saying to you this.
就像，你以为你是谁？ Like, who do you think you are?
哦，是的，神的儿子。 Oh, yeah, son of God.
好吧，我们让你说。 Okay, we'll let you talk.
你知道，那是一个相当大的声明。 You know, that's a pretty big statement.
我告诉你们，要爱你们的仇敌。 I say to you, love your enemy.
为那些迫害你们的人祷告。 Pray for those who persecute you.
善待那些恨你们的人。 Do good to those who hate you.
基督所教导的和圣灵所启示的一切。 All that Christ taught and the Holy Spirit revealed.
所以，我们看到这两个。 So, we see these two.
所以，圣经和圣传，我们在耶稣时代就看到了。 So, Scripture and tradition, we see it at the time of Jesus.
旧约和耶稣所说的一切，因为耶稣没有写下一本书。 Old Testament and everything Jesus is saying, because Jesus didn't write down a book.
他没有写书。 He didn't write a book.
他没有说，好的，好的，这里神如此说。 He didn't say, okay, okay, thus says the Lord in here.
他只是说，神如此说，因为他就是神。 He just was like, thus says the Lord, because he's the Lord.
使徒们接受这个，但他们还没有写下来。 And the apostles are taking this, and they're not writing it down yet.
他们只是，在公元34年，你想知道耶稣在那里时说了什么。 They're just, in 34 A.D., you wanted to know what Jesus said while he was still there.
你要做什么？ What do you got to do?
你得去找使徒们。 You got to go to the apostles.
新约福音书还没有被写成。 New Testament gospel hasn't been written yet.
第一部福音书要到公元40、45、50年左右才会写成。整个新约 要到公元90到100年左右才会完成。你知道，就是到启示录。 First gospel's not going to be written until around 40, 45, 50 A.D. And all the New Testament's not going to be finished until around 90 to 100 A.D. You know, with the book of Revelation.
所以，这两种模式，书面的圣经，口头的传统，口述的 话语，这两种模式都被圣灵无误地保护，不会出错。 So, these two modes, the writings, Scripture, the oral tradition, spoken word, are then, these two modes were infallibly protected by the Holy Spirit from error.
我们在约翰福音16章14节和14章26节中看到这一点，他说，圣灵 要引导你们明白一切的真理，并且要叫你们想起我对你们所说的一切话。 We see this in John 16, 14, and John 14, 26, where he says, the Holy Spirit will guide you into all truth and bring to your remembrance all that I taught you.
圣父因我的名所要差来的圣灵。 The Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name.
现在我把这两段经文搞混了。 Now I'm getting the two passages confused.
就是这样。 That's what happens.
我怪这寒冷的天气。 I blame the cold weather.
它让我的大脑停滞了。 It's stalling my brain.
在14章26节，圣父因我的名所要差来的圣灵，他要将一切 的事指教你们，并且要叫你们想起我对你们所说的一切话。 In 14, 26, the Holy Spirit that the Father will send in my name, he will teach you everything and remind you all that I told you.
然后在16章13节，只等真理的圣灵来了，他要引导你们明白一切的真理。 And then in 16, 13, but when he comes, the Spirit of truth, he will guide you to all truth.
他不是凭自己说的，乃是把他所听见的都说出来，并要把将来的事告诉你们。 He will not speak on his own, but he will speak what he hears, and he will declare to you the things that are coming.
因此，耶稣应许他们被赐予以神的名义说话的权柄。 And so, Jesus promises that they're given this authority to speak in God's name.
听从你们的就是听从我。 He who hears you, hears me.
但他们也被赐予圣灵，使他们想起他所教导他们的一切。 But they're also given the Holy Spirit to bring to their remembrance all that he taught them.
所以他们不只是在说话，他们不只是在猜测。 So they're not just speaking, they're not just guessing.
圣灵在保护他们。 The Holy Spirit is protecting them.
这种教导和守护信仰的职责随后传给了他们的继承者，当时的教宗和 主教们，包括继承圣彼得的教宗利努，以及所有继承使徒的主教们。 And this ministry of teaching and guarding the faith was then passed on to their successors, the Pope and the bishops at that time, with Pope Linus, who was the successor to St. Peter, and all the bishops who were the successors to the apostles.
所以我们在马太福音16章中看到这一点得到了很大的体现 。在马太福音16章，这是一段对公教会非常重要的经文。 And so we see this played out in a big way in Matthew 16. In Matthew 16, this is a really important Catholic verse.
我想我们可能之前稍微讨论过这个。 I think we may have talked about it a little bit before.
耶稣在前往凯撒利亚腓立比的路上，他对使徒们说，人们说人子是谁？ So Jesus is on his way to Caesarea Philippi, and he says to the apostles, who do people say that the Son of Man is?
他们说，有人说是施洗约翰，有人说是以利亚，还有人说是耶利米或先知里的一位。 And they say, some say John the Baptist, others Elijah, still others Jeremiah, one of the prophets.
所以他们就像在说，嘿，人们怎么说我？ So they're like, hey, what's people saying about me?
有些人认为你是以利亚，那是100年前的一位先知。 Some people think you're Elijah, which is a prophet who lived 100 years ago.
他们认为你像施洗约翰从死里复活，因为他被斩首了，这很尴 尬，因为耶稣，施洗约翰给耶稣施洗，所以他怎么可能是？ They think you're like John the Baptist, come back from the dead, because he was beheaded, which is awkward because Jesus, John the Baptist baptized Jesus, so how could he be?
总之，他们在说，你知道，有时人们就是随便说说。 Anyway, they're saying, you know, sometimes people just say stuff, you know.
耶利米，其他先知中的一位，他们认为，哦，你只是一个从死里复活的先知。 Jeremiah, one of the other prophets, they think, oh, you're just one of the prophets, come back from the dead.
但你们说我是谁？ But who do you say that I am?
那么到目前为止你们认为我是谁？ So who do you think I am so far?
你们已经和我在一起一段时间了。 You've been with me for a while.
你们认为我是谁？ Who do you think I am?
你们说我是谁？ Who do you say that I am?
西门彼得回答说，你是基督，是永生神的儿子。 And Simon Peter said in reply, you are the Messiah, the son of the living God.
这是一个重大声明。 Huge statement.
耶稣对他说，西门巴约拿，你是有福的！因为这不是属血肉的指示你的，乃是我在天上的父指示的。 Jesus said to him in reply, blessed are you, Simon, son of Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father in heaven.
我还告诉你，你是彼得，我要把我的教会建造在这磐石上，阴间的权柄不能胜过它。 So I say to you, you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.
我要把天国的钥匙给你。 I will give you the keys to the kingdom of heaven.
凡你在地上所捆绑的，在天上也要捆绑。 Whatever you bind on earth is bound in heaven.
凡你在地上所释放的，在天上也要释放。 Whatever you loose on earth is loosed in heaven.
所以耶稣把西门的名字改为彼得，彼得的意思是磐石。 So Jesus changes Simon's name to Peter, which Peter means rock.
他说，彼得，你是磐石，我要把我的教会建造在这磐石上。 He says, Peter, you're a rock, and upon this rock I'll build my church.
他把天国的钥匙给了彼得。 And he gives Peter the keys to the kingdom of heaven.
正如我们之前讨论过的，如果你有某物的钥匙，你就能控制那个东西。 And as we've talked about before, if you have the keys to something, you have control over that something.
有你房子的钥匙，我就能翻你的房子。 Keys to your house, I can ransack your house.
有车钥匙，我就能开车。 Keys to the car, I can drive the car.
钥匙是权威的象征，在旧约和新约中都是如此。 Keys are a symbol of authority, both in the Old Testament and the New.
凡你在地上所捆绑的，在天上也要捆绑。 Whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven.
所以彼得说，事情就是这样。 So Peter says, this is how it is.
就是这样。 That's how it is.
彼得说，事情不是这样。 Peter says, that's not how it is.
那么事情就不是这样。 Then that's not how it is.
这就是捆绑和释放的意思。 That's what binding and loosing means.
它指的是在良心上约束的能力，说你必须这样做。 It refers to the ability to bind in conscience, to say, you have to do this.
然后我们就必须这样做。 And then we have to.
但也包括释放，即赦免罪。 But also then to loose, to forgive sins.
也就是说，你知道，他后来会赐予赦罪的权柄。 To say, you know, he's going to give that power to forgive sins later.
好的。 All right.
所以我们所说的启示的三大支柱，我们看到圣传。 So what we talk about as the three pillars of Revelation that we see, we see sacred tradition.
在耶稣时代，我们将其视为旧约。 At the time of Jesus, we see it as the Old Testament.
我们看到圣经，神的话语在圣灵的默示下被记录下来。 And we see sacred scripture, the speech of God as it's put down in writing under the breath of the Holy Spirit.
然后是训导权，教会的教导权威。 And then the magisterium, the teaching authority of the church.
这三者就像凳子的三条腿。 These three are kind of like three legs on a stool.
缺少其中之一，或者缺少其中两个，或者两个缺少另一个。 One without the other, or one without the other two, or two without the other one.
就会有所缺失。 It's going to be missing.
它就会倒下。 It's going to fall over.
所以，在教会的整个历史中，我们有这圣传、圣经，口头传给使徒和他们的继承者并 被守护的，被写下来的，然后是能够告诉我们它是什么并使我们不至偏离的权威。 So, all throughout the history of the church, we've had this sacred tradition, sacred scripture, that which was handed on orally to the apostles and their successors and guarded, that which was written down, and then the authority to be able to tell us what it is and to keep us from going astray.
好的。 Okay.
那么什么是圣传？ So what is sacred tradition?
圣传，神圣传统，完整地传递神的道，这道是主基督和圣灵托付给使徒的。 Sacred tradition, holy tradition, transmits in its entirety the word of God, which has been entrusted to the apostles by Christ the Lord and the Holy Spirit.
它将其传给使徒的继承者，使他们被真理的灵光照，忠实地保存、阐释并通过他们的讲道广为传播。 It transmits it to the successors of the apostles so that, enlightened by the spirit of truth, they may faithfully preserve, expound, and spread it abroad by their preaching.
所以我喜欢用的一个视觉图像是... So one of the visuals that I like to use is...
好的，所以你有所有的... Okay, so you've got all of...
这是神的道，对吧？ This is God's word, right?
神的启示。 God's revelation.
所有这些都是圣传。 And all of that is tradition.
圣传。 Sacred tradition.
为什么？ Why?
因为神想要将这一切都传递下来。 Because God wants to hand it all over.
神想要传递所有的传统，他所有的道，所以这被称为圣传。 God wants to hand over all of the tradition, all of His word, so that's called tradition.
Traditio。 Traditio.
Tradere。 Tradere.
其中一些已经被记录在圣经中。 And some of that has been written down in Scripture.
那传统的一部分，神希望被传递的一部分，已经被记录在圣经中。 Part of that tradition, part of what God has wished to be handed over, has been written down in the Scripture.
但我们需要两者。 But we need both.
为什么？ Why?
因为圣经需要解释者。 Because the Bible needs an interpreter.
这段经文是什么意思？ What does this passage mean?
我如何应用这个？ How do I apply this thing?
你怎么知道那个？ How are you going to know that?
所以对圣经的解释是圣传的一部分。 So the interpretation of the Scripture is part of tradition.
圣经中书卷的数量清单，书卷的列表，都是圣传的一部分。 The very list of the number of books in the Bible, the list of the books, is part of tradition.
马太福音中没有任何地方说它是马太写的，或是神所默示的，或应该被收入圣经。 Nowhere in the Gospel of Matthew does it say it's written by Matthew, or is inspired by God, or should it be in this thing called the Bible.
那是圣传。 That's tradition.
他们说，嗯，那是早期教会做的。 They say, well, it was the early church that did that.
是的，没错。 Yeah, exactly.
你把他们的权威当作神级的权威。 And you're taking their authority on a God-level authority.
那就是圣传。 That's sacred tradition.
所以，现在来对比一下，不是要陷入太多的争论，只是为了对比，因为如果你要成为天主教徒，或 者如果你是天主教徒，你会时常听到这些问题，你们天主教徒，你们相信所有这些传统的东西。 So, now to kind of contrast this, not to get into too much polemics, but just to kind of contrast, because if you're going to become Catholic, or if you are Catholic, there's going to be times where you're going to hear these questions of, you Catholics, you believe all these tradition stuff.
我相信圣经。 I believe the Bible.
或者他们会说，圣经是关于神的道的唯一权威。 Or they'll say, the Bible is the only authority about God's Word.
他们会说，圣经是唯一权威这一点在圣经哪里？ They'd say, where is that in the Bible, that the Bible is the only authority?
实际上在圣经中找不到这一点。 It's actually nowhere to be found in the Bible.
所以，这个小图表，我说，好的，我知道可能很难看清，但在耶稣时代 ，你有旧约，圣经，他所说的一切，使徒们所说的，这就是口头传统。 So, kind of this little graphic, I say, okay, I know it's maybe hard to see, but at the time of Jesus, you have Old Testament, Scripture, everything he's speaking, and the apostles are speaking, which is oral tradition.
然后我们看到这在使徒时代。 And then we see this at the time of the apostles then.
使徒们接受了那个。 The apostles are taking that.
他们接受旧约，接受耶稣的所有话语，并将其传递下去。 They're taking the Old Testament, they're taking all of Jesus' Word, and they're handing it on.
圣经和圣传，圣经和圣传。 Scripture and tradition, Scripture and tradition.
现在，耶稣所说的一些事情正在被记录下来。 Now, some of the things that Jesus is saying is being written down.
但理解，圣灵对使徒们所说的所有事情，仍在继续。 But the understanding, all the stuff that the Holy Spirit's speaking to the apostles, still going on.
现在，他们声称随着新约的写成，传统消失了。 Now, they claim that as the New Testament's being written, tradition disappears.
所以，一旦圣经写成，就不再有圣传这回事了，不再有这种口头传统。 So, once the Bible's written, there's no such thing as tradition anymore, no such thing as this oral tradition.
一切都在圣经里，所以现在就只有唯独圣经。 It's all in the Bible, and so now it's just sole scriptura.
我们要问的是，这在圣经哪里？ And the thing we would ask is, where is that in the Bible?
这个事件在哪里？ Where is this event?
我们在圣经中看到圣经和圣传。 We see Scripture and tradition in the Bible.
这种只有圣经的崩溃在哪里？ Where is this collapse of the Bible only?
这是找不到的。 It's nowhere to be found.
事实上，找到的是完全相反的。 In fact, the exact opposite is found.
好的。 Alright.
现在，有些人会提出，好的，神父，我以为传统是被谴责的。 Now, some people are going to bring up, okay, Father, I thought traditions were condemned.
比如在马太福音中，哦，在哪里？ Like in Matthew's Gospel, oh, where is it?
我应该把那个写下来的。 I should have wrote that down.
比如在马太福音，我想是马太福音10章。也许不是。 Like in Matthew, I think it's Matthew 10. Maybe not.
在那里的某个地方。 Somewhere in there.
好吧，耶稣基本上谴责法利赛人坚持他们的传统而不遵守神的道。 Okay, well, Jesus basically condemns the Pharisees for holding to their traditions and not keeping the Word of God.
现在，也许艾格尼丝能为我找到那段经文，耶稣谴责传统的那段。 Now, maybe Agnes can find that passage for me, when Jesus condemns traditions.
但其中一个明显的事情是，耶稣谴责的是那些明显违背神的道的人为传统。 But one of the obvious things there is that Jesus is condemning human traditions that are clearly contrary to divine Word.
他说，你可以为我找到那个。 He's saying, you can find that for me.
它在马太福音里。 It's in Matthew's Gospel.
否则，我会在休息时用谷歌搜索。 Otherwise, I'll Google it at break.
所以，他说的是，他举了一个例子，你们说，圣经说，当孝敬父母。 So, what he's saying is, he gives the example of, you say that, the Scriptures say, honor your mother and father.
但你们说，我献给殿的任何礼物都是各耳板，就是奉献给神的，因此就可以免除孝敬父母的责任。 But you say that any gift I give over to the temple is korban, that is dedicated to God, and therefore release yourself from having to honor your mother and father.
他说，那是错的。 He's saying, that's wrong.
你们的人为传统，我只把所有钱都给殿而不照顾父母，那是错误的。 Your human tradition of, I'm just going to give all my money to the temple and not take care of my parents, that's messed up.
那是他们发明的人为传统，在神的道中找不到，哪里都找不到，而且它违背神的道。 That's a human tradition that they've invented, nowhere to be found in God's Word, nowhere to be found, and it's contrary to God's Word.
所以，我们如何理解这个，我们区分小写t的传统和大写T的圣传。 So, how we understand this is, so we make the distinction between small t traditions and capital T traditions.
小写t的传统，比如在公教会中，小写t的传统可以改变。 Small t traditions, like in the Catholic Church, small t traditions can change.
比如我们在弥撒中什么时候站立，什么时候跪下，这不在神的道中，神并没有说，此时站立。 Like when we stand at Mass and when we kneel, that's not in God's Word, thus says the Lord, stand at this time.
不，那不在那里。 No, it's not there.
我们只是要做出决定，我们要站立、坐下还是跪下。 We just have to make a decision what we're going to stand or sit or kneel.
所以这是，是的，在整个公教会中，12亿人参加弥撒，他们大多数时候都在同一时间站立和跪下。 So this is, yes, in all the Catholic Church, 1.2 billion people at Mass, they all stand at the same time and kneel at the same time for the most part.
嗯，那可以改变。 Well, that can change.
如果教宗明天出来说，我希望你们在代祷时，在信友祷文时 都坐下，他们不会说，哦，公教会不再是耶稣的教会了。 If the Pope came out tomorrow and said, I want you guys all to stand at the, I want you all to sit during the intercessions, the prayers of the faithful, they'll just be like, oh, the Catholic Church is no longer Jesus's church.
你只会说，伙计，好吧，行。 You'll just be like, dude, okay, fine.
你想让我坐下？ You want me to sit?
好的。 Fine.
他们会说，嘿，信经有点长。 They're like, hey, the creed's kind of long.
或者我们可以说，你知道，我希望你们看看，我们理解有些神父讲道真的很长。 Or we could say, you know, I want you to, I want you to just take a look, you know, we understand that some of these priests, they preach really long homilies.
所以我们要稍微调整一下，我们要移动一些东西，你知道，让它有点变化。 So we're going to just kind of take, we're going to move a couple of things around, you know, get a little motion.
所以我们都要走动一下，他们不会那样做，但是，你知 道，我们要像音乐椅那样，你知道，不，不，总之。 So we're going to all just go around, and they're not going to do that, but, you know, we're going to do like musical pews, you know, no, no, anyway.
我只是有点傻，但是，大写T的圣传，大写T的事情，是神的道的一部分。 I'm just kind of being silly, but, Big T Traditions, capital T things, are part of God's Word.
比如三位一体这个词。 Like the word Trinity.
三位一体这个词在圣经中找不到。 The word Trinity is nowhere found in the Bible.
但圣经这个词也找不到。 But neither is the word Bible.
所以，但这教导显然在圣经中非常清楚。 So, but the teaching, obviously, is very clearly in the scriptures.
那是大写T的圣传。 That's a Big T Tradition.
圣三位一体是一位神和三个神圣位格，圣父、圣子和圣灵。 The Holy Trinity is one God and three divine persons, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
圣经中的书卷列表，大写T的圣传。 The list of books in the Bible, Big T Tradition.
所以大写T的圣传不能改变，因为它们是神的道的一部分。 So Big T Traditions cannot change, because they're part of God's Word.
小写t的传统可以改变。 Small T Traditions can change.
嗯，比如我们穿什么祭衣，我们在弥撒中穿什么颜色的祭衣，或祭衣的样式，所有这些都可以改变。 Well, like what vestments we wear, what color vestments we wear at Mass, or the style of the vestments, all those things can change.
耶稣谴责的是法利赛人把他们发明的这些小写t的传统与神的道的大写T圣传相矛盾。 And Jesus is condemning when the Pharisees are taking these small T Traditions that they've invented and making them contradict the Big T Traditions of God's Word.
当然，我们在教会中不会这样做。 And, of course, we don't do that in the church.
所以。你找到了吗？ So. You found it?
马太福音15章。我有一个数字是对的。 Matthew 15. I had a digit right.
我说的是马太福音10章，所以只差了五章。 I had Matthew 10, so that's only five chapters off.
总之。 Anyway.
所以圣经实际上指出了坚持圣传的必要性。 So scripture then actually points to the need to hold to tradition.
在哥林多前书11章2节，圣保罗说，我称赞你们，因为你们凡事记念我，又坚守我所传给你们的。 In 1 Corinthians 11-2, St. Paul says, I commend you because you remember me in everything and maintain the traditions even as I have delivered them to you.
帖撒罗尼迦后书2章15节。所以，弟兄们，你们要站立得稳，凡所领受 的教训，不拘是我们口传的，是信上写的，都要坚守。这是一个关键点。 2 Thessalonians 2-15. So then, brethren, stand firm and hold to the traditions which you were taught by us, this is a key point, either by word of mouth or by letter.
那太完美了。 That's perfect.
口传，口头传统。 Word of mouth, oral tradition.
信上写的，圣经。 Letter, scripture.
就是这样。 Boom.
帖撒罗尼迦后书3章6节。弟兄们，我们奉主耶稣基督的名吩咐你们 ，凡有弟兄不按规矩而行，不遵守从我们所受的教训，就当远离他。 2 Thessalonians 3-6. Now we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you keep away from any brother who is living in idleness and not in accord with the tradition that you have received from us.
这些都很清楚。 These are clear.
所以它说，哦，圣经是唯一的权威，你们天主教徒，要坚持传统。 And so it says, oh, the Bible's the only authority, you Catholics, to hold to tradition.
这就像，圣经告诉我们我们必须坚持传统。 It's like, the Bible tells us we have to hold to tradition.
其中一个简单的证明或例子就是，就像我说的，正典，圣经书卷的列表。 And one of these easy proofs or examples is, like I said, the canon, the list of the books of the Bible.
圣经中没有任何地方说，这里是神所默示的书卷列表。 Nowhere in the Bible does it say, here are the lists of the books that are inspired by God.
因为你可能会说，嗯，神父知道。 Because you may say, well, Father knows.
如果我打开我的圣经，它就在那里。 If I open up my Bible, it's right there.
那是出版商做的。 That's the publisher doing that.
你知道，我们必须记住，这73本书，它们只是在历史上不同时期给出的个别书卷，跨 越了一千多年的时间，由许多不同的先知，许多不同的人，在许多不同的地方写成的。 You know, we've got to remember, these 73 books, they're just individual books that were given at individual times in history over the course of, you know, a thousand years or more, written by many different prophets, many different people, in many different areas.
那么，它们是由谁收集并放在一个单一的文本中的？ So, they were then collected and put in a single text by who?
由公教会。 By the Catholic Church.
这些文本只是在流传。 These texts were just floating around.
这些文本只是在被抄写。 These texts were just being copied.
因为没有印刷机。 Because there wasn't a printing press.
比如，我能借这个吗？ Like, can I borrow this?
你知道，在耶稣的时代，没有这样的东西。 You know, back in Jesus' time, there's no such thing as this.
你会，像这个概念，你必须非常富有才能拥有，你知道，拥有所有的圣经文本。 You would, like the concept of this, you'd have to be crazy rich to have, you know, to have all the texts of Scripture.
因为印刷机不存在。 Because the printing press didn't exist.
印刷机直到16世纪才出现。 The printing press wasn't around until the 1500s.
人们会说，哦，你们天主教徒，你们阻止人们阅读圣经，你们把圣经锁起来，你们不让人们读它。 People would say, oh, you Catholics, you discourage people from reading the Bible, you chain the Bible, and you wouldn't let people read it.
那不是真的。 That's not true.
那是一个误解。 That's a misconception.
绝大多数公众买不起书，所以绝大多数公众是文盲。 The vast majority of the public couldn't afford books, so the vast majority of the public were illiterate.
为什么我们要锁链，为什么教会要把圣经锁起来？ And why did we chain, why would a church chain a Bible?
不是为了阻止人们阅读它，而是为了防止人们偷走它。 Not to keep people from reading it, but to keep people from stealing it.
为什么？ Why?
它真的很贵。 It was really expensive.
在羊皮纸或羊皮上手抄文本需要花费大量金钱。 It cost lots of money to hand copy a text on vellum or parchment.
那是昂贵的东西。 It was expensive stuff.
你不会就把它放在那里让人进来偷走。 You're not going to just leave it out there for someone to go in and steal.
这和我们把圣体龛固定住的原因是一样的。 It's the same reason we bolt down the tabernacle.
哦，你在阻止人们接近耶稣。 Oh, you're keeping Jesus from people.
我是在防止人们偷走耶稣。 I'm keeping people from stealing Jesus.
这就是我想做的全部。 That's all I'm trying to do.
现在，我们是蒙福的。 Now, we're blessed.
现在，我们可以下载圣经，我们可以阅读圣经，我们可以阅读所有这些书，我们的手机 上有，互联网上有，我们有这些文本，你知道，这些圣经我们只需几块钱就能买到。 Now, we can download the Bible, we can read the Bible, we can read all these books, and we have it on our phones, and we have it on the internet, and we have these texts, you know, these Bibles that we can buy for a few bucks.
但是，我的意思是，这在过去会花费疯狂的金额。 But, I mean, this would have cost crazy amounts of money.
你知道，它会非常昂贵。 You know, it would have been extraordinarily expensive.
我认为，从一个真正务实、真正实际的层面来看，这也是一种对圣传的务实、实际的证明。 And I think, I think on a real pragmatic, real practical level, it's also kind of a pragmatic, practical proof for tradition.
神会让认识他的道的唯一方式，圣经，在1500年里很难获 得吗？因为抄写文本真的很昂贵，只有富人或教会才能拥有。 Would God have made the only way of knowing His Word, the Bible, something that was really hard to access for 1,500 years, because copying a text was really expensive, and only the rich could have it, or only a church.
比如，我认为新教之所以能吸引人，是因为他们认为，看，我有我的圣经，我就可以直接去了。 Like, I think Protestantism, the reason why Protestantism can be appealing to people is because they think, look, I got my Bible, I can just go.
就像，1500年来，事情并不是那样发生的。 Like, 1,500 years, that's not how that happened.
事情并不是那样的。 That's not how that was.
我认为神会建立一个穷人也能听到的宗教。 I think God's going to establish a religion that the poor can listen to.
这不会仅仅是，去找一个随机的人听他说什么，然后希望他告诉你真相。 And that's not going to just be, go up to this random dude and listen to what he says and hope he's telling you the truth.
去找一个有神圣权威的人，一个被圣灵保护的人，一个不会犯错的人，然后你就可以依靠那个。 Go to someone who has divine authority, who is protected by the Holy Spirit, who cannot error, and then you can rely on that.
然后我们可以用圣经来支持这一点。 And then we can back that up with the Scriptures.
我们可以用神的道来支持这一点。 We can back that up with God's Word.
所以，在公元35年，如果你想了解耶稣，你必须去找一个人，因为没有文本。 So, in 35 AD, you wanted to learn about Jesus, you had to go to a person, because there wasn't a text.
这并不是说神的道，圣经是很棒的，圣经是神的道，每个人都应该读它。 It's not to say that God's Word, the Bible is awesome, the Bible is God's Word, everybody should read it.
如果你还没有从头到尾读过圣经，那是你在这个世界上必须做的事，对吧？ If you haven't read the Bible cover to cover, that's something you've got to do on this earth, right?
我的意思是，你必须在活着的时候做这件事。 I mean, you've got to do it while you're alive.
在天堂见到耶稣时说「嘿，你读过我的书吗，畅销书？」那将是艰难的一天。 It's a hard day to go to Jesus in heaven and be like, hey, did you read my book, bestseller?
你会说，没有，但我看了所有的某某剧集，你知道。 You're like, no, but I watched all the episodes of whatever, you know.
我会说，好吧。 I'm like, okay.
你知道，我们都曾狂看剧集和大量的电视，然后我们说，我没有时间读圣经。 You know, we've all done the binge-watching of episodes and crazy amounts of TV, and we're like, I don't have time to read the Bible.
说真的。 Seriously.
真的。 Seriously.
不。这是神的道。 No. It is God's Word.
我们需要读它。 We need to read it.
我们需要读《教理》。 We need to read the Catechism.
我们需要学习圣传。 We need to learn about the tradition.
这显然是你们在这里的原因。 That's why you're here, obviously.
我们知道，神父，我们在这里。 We know, Father, we're here.
最好的阅读圣经方式是一个很好的问题。 The best way to read the Bible is a great question.
从实际角度来说，我建议你从新约开始。 On a real practical level, I would encourage you to start with the New Testament.
每天读三章。 Read three chapters a day.
每天三章。 Three chapters a day.
这最多可能需要五到十分钟。 It would take you maybe five, ten minutes at most.
七分钟。 Seven minutes.
因为它们不像大书的章节。 Because they're not like chapters of a big book.
它们很短。 They're small.
比如，你知道，你可能在一页上就有两章。 Like, you know, you might have two chapters on a single page.
所以你每天读三章。 So you read three chapters a day.
整天花时间思考它。 Spend time thinking about it throughout the day.
所以这将是一个很好的晨间习惯。 So it'd be a great morning practice.
然后一旦你读完新约，你就回去开始读旧约。 And then once you finish the New Testament, then you go back and start reading the Old Testament.
你可以试着一直读下去。 And you can try to just go all the way through.
我通常鼓励人们读历史书。 I usually encourage people to read the historic books.
休息后我可以写下历史书有哪些。 And I can write down after break what the historic books are.
那些讲述历史事件的书。 The things that are telling the historic events.
比如创世记和出埃及记。 Like Genesis and Exodus.
因为圣经中有很多智慧书或律法书，如果你还没有看过整个历史，这些书可能会让你感到困惑。 Because there's a lot of wisdom books or law books in the Bible that can kind of trip you up if you haven't kind of seen the whole history yet.
比如利未记，一本律法书。 So like Leviticus, a book of laws.
你从创世记开始，然后读完。 You start with Genesis and make it through.
你从创世记开始。 You start in Genesis.
创世记很好。 Genesis is good.
但创世记中有大量的罪。 But there's a ton of sin in Genesis.
它真的强调，我们需要一位救主。 It really emphasizes, we need a savior.
因为这一切都很糟糕。 Because this is all bad.
就像，糟糕到神要毁灭地球。 Like, so bad God's going to just destroy the earth.
你知道，所有这些事情。 And, you know, all these things.
创世记中就有很多罪。 There's just a lot of sin in Genesis.
发生了很多重要的事情。 A lot of important things happen.
所以你读完了创世记。 And so you get through Genesis.
我记得我做过这个。 I remember I did this.
我当时在上大学。 I was in college.
我当时想，我要读圣经。 I was like, I'm going to read the Bible.
我从创世记开始。 And I started with Genesis.
我读完了出埃及记。 And I made it through Exodus.
然后我读到了利未记。 And I got into Leviticus.
我当时想，这些全是律法。 I was like, all these laws.
然后是民数记。 And then numbers.
更多了。 It's just even more.
还有所有这些规定。 And all these prescriptions.
然后是申命记。 And then Deuteronomy.
我就像，啊！ And I'm like, ah!
就像140章全是法律和规则。 It's like 140 chapters of just like laws and rules.
但这些东西很重要。 But those things are important.
但你必须有上下文。 But you've got to have the context.
否则，你会在其中迷失。 Otherwise, you kind of get lost in it.
但从新约开始。 But start with the New Testament.
从耶稣开始。 Start with Jesus.
从应验开始。 Start with the fulfillment.
然后你回过头来，这可以帮助你理解旧约。 And then you go back and it can help you understand the Old Testament.
但我会写下历史书的清单。 But I'll write down the list of historic books.
大约有14本会告诉你这个故事。 There's like 14 that will tell you the story.
那会很有帮助。 That can be really helpful.
好的。 Okay.
所以，圣经是如何形成的。 So, how the Bible came to be.
它是由先知、使徒和门徒写成的。 It was written by prophets, apostles, and disciples.
由教会抄写和传承。 Copied and passed down by the church.
这个圣经正典是在公元300年代形成的。 And this canon of scripture was then formulated in the 300s.
第一个清单，是教宗达玛稣一世在公元200年代末给出的书卷清单。 The first list, the list of books given by Pope Damasus I in the late 200s.
然后是其中一个会议，我想，现在我得去看看我的笔记。 And then one of the councils, I think, now I'm going to have to go look at my notes.
我想是公元300年代初的迦太基会议。 I think it was the Council of Carthage in the early 300s.
但我现在想不起来了。 But I'm blanking right now.
所以。但当有人说，哦，圣经是唯一的权威。 So. But when someone says, oh, the Bible's the only authority.
我们可以正确地说，那么，你为什么相信那些书是神所默示的？ And we can rightly say, well, why do you believe those books are inspired by God?
嗯，它们在圣经里。 Well, they're in the Bible.
但是圣经哪里说它们是神所默示的呢？ Where does it say in the Bible that they're inspired by God, though?
这有点像循环论证。 It's kind of a circular argument.
它在圣经里，所以它是神所默示的。 It's in the Bible, therefore it's inspired by God.
它是神所默示的因为它在圣经里。 It's inspired by God because it's in the Bible.
等等，不，不。 Wait, no, no.
他们凭什么权威相信马太福音是神所默示的？ What authority do they believe that the Gospel of Matthew is inspired by God?
它没有说它是。 It doesn't say that it is.
如果圣经是唯一的权威，那么它就必须说它是。 If the Bible's the only authority, then it would have to say that it is.
嗯，这就是为什么我们说，不，它不是唯一的权威。 Well, that's why we say, no, it's not the only authority.
教会有权威。 The church has authority.
而且圣经实际上谈到了教会的权威。 And the Bible actually speaks about the authority of the church.
在提摩太前书3章15节，它说，真理的柱石和根基是教会。 In 1 Timothy 3.15, it says, The pillar and foundation of the truth is the church.
是教会。 It's the church.
好的。 Okay.
那么，为什么公教会的圣经有更多的书卷？ So, why do Catholic Bibles have more books in them?
这是我们问题箱里的很多问题。 This was a lot of the questions in our question box.
新约是一样的。 The New Testament's the same.
26卷书。 26 books.
新约是一样的。 The New Testament's the same.
但公教会的旧约有七卷更多的书，有时被称为次经。 But the Catholic Old Testament has seven more books, which are sometimes called the deuterocanonicals.
次经只是意味着第二正典或第二清单。 Deuterocanonicals just means second canon or second list.
现在，在耶稣时代使用的旧约有两个版本。 Now, there were two versions of the Old Testament used at the time of Jesus.
有不同的正典，有不同的清单。 With differing canons, with differing lists.
希腊文七十士译本，七十士译本是70的另一种说法 ，因为它是由70人翻译的，还有希伯来文正典。 The Greek Septuagint, and Septuagint is another word for 70, because it was translated by 70 people, and the Hebrew canon.
早期教会在新约中主要使用七十士译本，因为新约是用希腊文写的。 The early church mostly used the Septuagint in the New Testament, because the New Testament's written in Greek.
所以，希伯来文正典，即希伯来书卷的清单，没有这个 第二正典，这些新教徒抛弃但我们仍然保留的书卷。 And so, the Hebrew canon, of the list of the Hebrew books, doesn't have this second canon, these books that the Protestants threw out that we still have.
七十士译本有这些书。 The Septuagint has these books.
所以，我们看早期教会，哪个清单，亚历山大正典还是安提阿正典，他们 使用的是亚历山大的，七十士译本，希腊文的，因为他们用希腊文写作。 And so, we look at the early church, which list, the Alexandrian canon or the Antiochian canon, they're using the Alexandrian, the Septuagint, the Greek, because they're writing in Greek.
然后，发生的事是，在公元90年，犹太圣殿在公元70年被罗马人摧毁，耶稣曾预言过这事。 And then, what happened is, in 90 A.D., so, the temple, the Jewish temple was destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D., and Jesus had prophesied about this.
他说，在我看见这一切的事以前，神必不会过去。 He said, God will not pass away before I see all these things.
他谈到圣殿被毁，人们逃到山上，你知道，所有这些事。 And he talked about the temple being destroyed and people running to the hills and, you know, all this stuff.
他预言了这些，因为神允许圣殿被毁作为审判。 He prophesied this, because God allowed the temple to be destroyed as a judgment.
他们拒绝了基督。 They rejected Christ.
所以，他允许它被毁。 And so, he allowed it to be destroyed.
所以，在圣殿被毁，圣殿祭祀被毁和结束后，罗马人占领了一切，犹太人面临真正的困境。 And so, after the temple was destroyed, temple sacrifice destroyed and ended, Romans are occupying everything, the Jewish people have a real dilemma.
我们现在该怎么办？ What are we going to do now?
我们不能再献祭了。 We can't offer sacrifices anymore.
而那是他们整个宗教的核心。 And that was, that was at the core of their entire religion.
那么，我们要怎么办？ So, what are we going to do?
所以，他们在公元90年召开了所谓的雅木尼亚会议，以重新 构建犹太教，并讨论既然不能献祭了，他们现在要做什么。 So, they met, it's called the Council of Jamnia in 90 A.D., to kind of reconstitute Judaism and kind of talk about what they're going to do now that they can't do sacrifices.
他们做出的决定之一是他们要使用哪个旧约。 And one of the things they made a decision on was which Old Testament are they going to use.
他们选择了希伯来文正典。 And they chose the Hebrew canon.
它被称为安提阿正典。 It's called the Antiochian canon.
他们选择了希伯来文书卷的清单。 They chose the list of books in the Hebrew.
基督教一直使用七十士译本，直到16世纪，马丁·路德选择采用希 伯来文正典，因为那些书，那些特定的书与他的整个神学相矛盾。 Christianity has always used the Septuagint until the 1500s, when Martin Luther chose to go with the Hebrew canon because those books, those specific books contradicted his entire theology.
希腊文中的特定书卷相矛盾。 The specific books in Greek contradict.
如果你坚持那些书，你不能，你不能成为新教徒。 If you hold to those books, you can't, you can't be a Protestant.
它们直接与新教神学相矛盾。 They directly contradict Protestant theology.
所以，马丁·路德选择采用公元90年犹太人选择的 书卷，这在某种程度上是对天主教和基督教的反叛。 So, Martin Luther chose to go with the books that the Jewish people in 90 A.D. chose to go with after and kind of in rebellion to Catholicism and Christianity.
基督徒在使用七十士译本。 Christians are using the Septuagint.
我们不想使用那些基督徒的。 We don't want to use those Christians.
我们要使用希伯来文正典。 We're going to use the Hebrew canon.
等一下。 Wait a second.
不。所以，如果你是基督徒，你要么选择希伯来文正典，要么选择希腊文的。 No. So, if you're a Christian, you're going to go with the Hebrew canon or you're going to go with the Greek.
你要选择七十士译本。 You're going to go with the Septuagint.
你要选择那些书。 You're going to go with those books.
你不会选择基督诞生后犹太人选择的那些。 You're not going to go with the ones that the Jewish people chose to go with after the birth of Christ.
你要选择那些跟随基督的基督徒正在使用的。 You're going to go with the ones that the Christians are using who are following Christ.
马丁·路德还试图抛弃新约中的几卷书，但他没能成功，因为他无法为此辩护。 Martin Luther also tried to throw out several books in the New Testament but he couldn't get away with it because he couldn't justify it.
他称圣雅各书，那谈论信心和行为的书信，他称之为稻草书信。 He called the epistle of St. James, which talks about faith and works, he called it an epistle of straw.
他还试图抛弃启示录，因为他说它没有启示任何东西，只是使一切变得模糊。 The book of Revelation he also tried to throw out because he said it doesn't reveal anything, it just obscures everything.
马丁·路德实际上改变了，使他出名的一件事是他翻译成德语。 And he actually changed, Martin Luther, one of the things that made him famous is that he translated into German.
所以，当他翻译时，他实际上试图改变圣经中的一行，实 际上添加了一个词，「单」字，变成我们单凭信心得救。 And so, and when he was translating it he actually tried to change one of the lines in the Bible and actually add a word, the word alone, to we are saved by faith alone.
而不仅仅是我们因信得救。 Instead of just we're saved by faith.
因为那是他教义的一部分，就是唯独因信，我们单凭信心得救 ，而我们相信我们是因信蒙恩得救，我们需要以行为回应。 Because that was part of his doctrine, it was sola fide, we're saved by faith alone, whereas we believe we're saved by grace through faith and we need to respond in works.
我们是通过成圣恩典得救，我们相信我们是因信蒙恩得救，我们需要 通过信心和洗礼接受，我们可能因致死的罪失去它，我们可能因我们 的行为失去它，我们被呼召要在这些行为中坚持，在善行中坚持。 We're saved by sanctifying grace, which we believe we're saved by grace through faith and we need to which we receive through faith and baptism, which we can lose through mortal sin, we can lose through our works, and we're called to persevere in those works, persevere in good works.
好的。 Okay.
所以，圣经是在圣灵的默示下由人类作者写成的，他们写下的正是神为我们的救恩所要写的。 So, scriptures written under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit by human authors who wrote exactly what God wanted written for our salvation.
由许多作者在一千多年的时间里写成。 Written by many authors over a thousand years.
圣经必须在教会圣传的框架内作为一个整体来阅读和解释。 The scriptures have to be read and interpreted as a unity within the tradition of the church.
在圣传之内。 Within the tradition.
它们不是来自，它们不是来自，它们不只是，圣经不是从天上掉下来说，你读它然后自己弄明白。 They didn't come, they didn't come, they didn't just, the Bible didn't just fall from the sky and say, you read it and figure this out.
它们来自一群人。 They came from a group of people.
神如此说，摩西对百姓说。 Thus says the Lord, Moses, to the people.
如果你想知道摩西的意思，神的意思，你就去找摩西。 And you wanted to know what Moses meant, what God meant, you went to Moses.
它是，所有这些都来自一个群体，来自一群人，以色列人，教会的人，它必须在那群人中阅读。 It was, all these things came from a community, came from a people, the people of Israel, the people of the church, and it has to be read within that people.
旧约的前五卷书被称为妥拉，说，好吧，我不打算成为以 色列人的一部分，我只想相信这些书并创造自己的宗教。 The first five books of the Old Testament called the Torah say, well, I'm not going to be a part of the people of Israel, I just want to believe these books and kind of create my own religion.
就像，那都告诉我们要回到这里，你知道，那不是它的运作方式。 Like, that all tells us to be, get back over here, you know, that's not how that works.
圣传是对圣经的正确解释。 And sacred tradition is the proper interpretation of scripture.
它必须按其本意来解释。 And it has to be interpreted as it's intended.
所以圣经是神的道，但它不是要成为一本物理书。 So scripture is God's word, but it's not intended to be a physics book.
它的目的是成为神圣启示。 It's intended to be divine revelation.
所以看圣经本身，你知道，我们说圣经需要，需要在它所处的背景中阅读，它来自的背景中阅读。 So looking at the Bible itself, you know, we said that the Bible needs to be, needs to be read in the context of which it was, which it came from.
这就是圣传的背景，教会权威的背景，神所设立的权威。 Which is the context of sacred tradition, context of the authority of the church, the authority that God has set up.
就像旧约一样，创世记需要在当时圣传的背景下阅读，在写它的摩西的背景下阅读。 Just like the Old Testament, the book of Genesis needs to be read in the context of the tradition that was going on and the context of Moses who's writing it.
好的，所以，圣经讲述了救恩的故事。 Okay, so, the Bible tells the story of salvation.
它是神坚定不移的爱、他的指引、他的怜悯和他的信实的启示。 It's a revelation of God's steadfast love, His guidance, His mercy, and His faithfulness.
显然，圣经的中心是耶稣基督。 And obviously, the center of the scriptures is Jesus Christ.
它是一切的中心。 It's the center of everything.
当我们阅读圣经时，有四个层次或四种意义，第一个是字面意义。 And when we're reading scripture, there's four levels or four senses to scripture that are, the first is the literal.
你知道，我们不是，我们不是纯粹的唯灵论者。 You know, we're not, we're not pure spiritualists.
当它说，摩西分开红海，他就分开了红海。 When it says, Moses parted the Red Sea, he parted the Red Sea.
嗯，是神分开了红海。 Well, God parted the Red Sea.
它确实发生了。 It actually happened.
这是一个字面上的历史事件。 It was a literal historical event.
当耶稣治愈瞎子时，那确实发生了。 When Jesus cures the blind man, that actually happened.
所以这是我们首先看的，就是字面意义。 And so that's the first place we look at it, is just the literal.
这发生了。 This happened.
但然后还有属灵的解释。 But then there's also the spiritual interpretation.
这意味着什么？ What does it mean?
现在，当神，当耶稣治愈瞎子时，那是一个原因，因为他爱那瞎子，因为他想在瞎子的生命中工作。 Now, when God, when Jesus is healing a blind man, that's one, because He loves the blind man, because He wants to work in the blind man's life.
但是，当耶稣做某事时，它对整个世界也具有预言性。 But there's also, when Jesus does something, it's also prophetic to the whole world.
不仅仅是说，哦，那个人真幸运。 It's not just like, oh, that guy's lucky, man.
他被耶稣治愈了。 He got healed by Jesus.
它也在对我们说些什么。 It's saying something to us as well.
所以有基督论的或寓意的解释。 And so there's the Christological or the allegorical.
这与基督有什么关系？ How does this relate to Christ?
所以，旧约中的一件事是，有一次摩西在旷野带领百姓，他们开始抱怨。 So, one of the things in the Old Testament is there was a time when Moses was leading the people around in the wilderness, and they started to complain.
他们说，我们厌倦了神奇妙供应的这种可怜的食物。 They're like, we're tired of this wretched food that God is miraculously providing.
这不是一个好的开始，对吧？ Like, not a good place to start, right?
神奇妙地为你们提供食物。 God's miraculously providing food for you.
你开始抱怨是因为你想要，比如说，一些饼干和肉汁之类的东西。 You start complaining because you want, like, some biscuits and gravy or something.
这样不会有好结果的。 Like, that's not gonna be, it's not gonna turn out well.
就像，我们厌倦了这种可怜的食物。 Like, we're tired of this wretched food.
所以作为惩罚，神派这些蛇到营中四处咬人。 And so in punishment, God sends these serpents to go around the camp and start biting the people.
我们中许多人被咬，正在死去。 And as many of us are getting bit, we're dying.
当然，他们惊慌失措，就去找摩西。 And of course, they freak out and they go to Moses.
摩西，为我们向神祷告。 Moses, pray to God for us.
我们都要死了。 We're all dying.
摩西去祷告，然后神告诉摩西，我要你拿一根杖，在杖的顶端，我要你制作一条铜蛇。 And Moses goes and prays, and then God tells Moses, I want you to take a staff, and on the top of the staff, I want you to make a bronze serpent.
一条铜蛇。 A bronze serpent.
我要你把它放在那根杖上。 And I want you to put it on that staff.
任何看铜蛇的人都会得医治。 And anyone who looks at the bronze serpent will be cured.
现在，那确实发生了。 Now, that actually happened.
他们看到蛇，就被治愈了，他们痊愈了，没有死。 They saw the serpent, and they were cured, they were healed, they didn't die.
但那里发生了什么？ But what's going on there?
所以，在当时，属灵的意义是，你们在犯罪。 So, in the moment, the spiritual sense is, you guys are sinning.
还有哪里出现过蛇？ Where else was there a serpent?
亚当和夏娃。 Adam and Eve.
他们犯了罪。 They sinned.
看，他说的是，罪带来死亡。 See, what he's saying is, sin brings death.
就像，你们现在正在犯罪。 Like, you're sinning right now.
它会带来死亡。 It's gonna bring death.
所以他派来一种诅咒的象征。 And so he sends kind of a symbol of the curse.
但耶稣实际上提到了这个。 But Jesus actually makes reference to this.
他在约翰福音第3章说，摩西怎样举蛇，人子也必照样被举起来，叫一切信他的都得永生。 He says, in John chapter 3, just as Moses lifted up the serpent, so too must the Son of Man be lifted up, so that all who believe in Him may have eternal life.
因为我已经搞错了一段经文，我要再次确认一下，因为现在我有点犹豫。 Since I already messed up one scripture passage, I'm just gonna double check, because now I'm a little hesitant.
好的。 Okay.
是的，我说对了。 Yeah, I got it right.
那很好。 That's good.
耶，耶，我做对了。 Yay, yay me.
好的。 Alright.
不是耶，Internet Explorer。 Not yay, Internet Explorer.
伙计，说真的，电脑。 Dude, seriously, computer.
好的。 Alright.
所以基督论的意义是指旧约中的某些事指向新约中的某些事。 So the Christological sense means something in the Old Testament points to something in the New Testament.
它由耶稣应验。 It's fulfilled by Jesus.
所以摩西分开红海，好的，那确实发生了。 So Moses parts the Red Sea, and, okay, that happened.
属灵的意义是什么？ What's the spiritual sense?
它如何指向耶稣？ How does it point to Jesus?
那里发生了什么？ What happens there?
他们穿过水到达应许之地，他们的奴役被水摧毁，因为海水回流淹没了所有追赶他们的埃及人。 They go through water to the Promised Land, and their slavery is destroyed by water, because the sea comes back and kills all the Egyptians following them.
这与耶稣有什么关系？ How does that relate to Jesus?
水。 Water.
我们还在哪里看到水？ Where else do we see water?
洗礼。 Baptism.
洗礼为我们打开天国之门，使我们能够进入天国的应许之地，并摧毁罪。 Baptism opens up the gates of Heaven for us, enables us to go to the Promised Land of Heaven, and destroys sin.
神用水摧毁罪。 God destroys sin by water.
所以旧约中的某些事指向新约中的某些事。 So something in the Old Testament points to something in the New.
我们可能会看到那个参照，就像我们看到诺亚和洪水的参照，神用水摧毁罪，圣彼得提到了这一点。 And we may see that reference, as we see the reference of Noah and the flood, God destroys sin by water, and St. Peter makes reference to that.
洗礼是这个拯救我们的新事物。 The baptism is this new thing that saves us.
道德意义，哎呀，道德意义是，它教导我们如何生活？ The moral sense, whoops, moral sense is, what does it teach us about how we are to live?
那整个火蛇咬他们的事件教导他们如何生活？ What does that whole event with the seraph serpents biting them teach them about how to live?
不要抱怨神给你的东西。 Don't complain about what God is giving you.
要感恩。 Be grateful.
我们需要对神给我们的东西感恩。 We need to be grateful for what God has given to us.
感恩产生喜乐。 Gratitude produces joy.
我们越是开始说，嗯，我不是百万富翁，所以我对我赚这么多感到不满。 The more we start saying, well, I'm not a millionaire, so I resent the fact that I'm making all this.
我们越是这样做，我们就越是错过了我们所拥有的喜乐。 The more we do all of that, we're missing out on the joy of what we do have.
因为我们所拥有的一切都是礼物。 Because everything we have is a gift.
我们进入了这个「我应该得到更多」的整个领域。 And we get into this whole realm of I deserve more.
你甚至不配存在。 You don't even deserve to exist.
生命是一份礼物。 Life is a gift.
你没有创造你自己。 You didn't create yourself.
这整个事情都是一份礼物。 This whole thing is a gift.
而且有苦难是因为我们把一切都搞砸了。 And there's suffering because we mess it all up.
但我们需要对我们所拥有的感恩。 But we need to be grateful for what we have.
末世论的，或者说导引的，大词，对吧？ An eschatological, or anagogical, big words, right?
你会说，哦，伙计，这是一个拼字游戏的词。 You're like, oh man, there's a Scrabble word for you.
末世论的，导引的。 Eschatological, anagogical.
所以末世论的或导引的意味着指什么，这如何与世界末日有关。 So eschatological or anagogical means what refers, how this relates to the end of the world.
这如何与末世、终结、时间的尽头有关。 How this relates to the eschaton, the end, the end of time.
所以当耶稣，我在试图想一些东西，它如何与天堂有关，如何与永恒的意义有关。 So when Jesus, I'm trying to think of something, how it relates to heaven, how it relates to the eternal significance.
所以当耶稣在约翰福音20章23节赐给使徒赦罪的权柄时，字面上的事，他们有赦罪的权柄。 So when Jesus gives the apostles the power to forgive sins in John 20, 23, literal thing, they had the power to forgive sins.
这与时间的终结有什么关系？ How does it relate to the end of time?
因为那将帮助人们进入天堂。 Because that's gonna help people get to heaven.
当他谈到教会时，他建立了一个实际的教会，但它也指向教会将成为他在天上的新娘这一事实。 And when he talks about the church, he establishes an actual church, but it also points to the fact that the church is gonna be his bride in heaven, too.
神将创造新天新地。 God's gonna create a new heavens and a new earth.
好的。 All right.
为什么这一切都很重要？ Why is all this important?
因为作为基督徒，作为信徒，作为天主教徒，我们被召唤使自己和我们的生活方式符合神圣启示。 Because as Christians, as believers, as Catholics, we are called to conform ourselves and our way of life to divine revelation.
神已经向我们说话，他的道是生命之道。 God has spoken to us, and his word is a word of life.
他确实呼召我们，如果我们相信他，我们就必须跟随他，我们必须遵循他的道。 And he does call us, if we believe in him, we have to follow him, and we have to follow his word.
我们不是主。 We're not lords.
我们不能说，是的，我相信耶稣，但我按自己的方式做事。 We can't say, yeah, I believe in Jesus, but I do things my way.
那么你并不相信耶稣，你只是觉得他是真实的。 Then you don't believe in Jesus, you just kind of think he's true.
就像，相信耶稣是主，嗯，连魔鬼都相信这一点。 Like, to believe that Jesus is Lord, well, even the devil believes that.
但如果你相信耶稣是你的主，那么我们就必须实际遵循我们的主所说的道路。 But if you believe that Jesus is your Lord, then we have to actually follow the way our Lord has said.
他已经说话了，我们不能拒绝他的道而不拒绝他。 And he has spoken, and we can't reject his word without rejecting him.
所以公教会对启示的看法使我们负责，并防止我们成为真理的主人。 So the Catholic view of revelation holds us accountable and keeps us from being lords of the truth.
你知道，我记得当我经历皈依过程时，我有一段时间 去新教教会，我在思考天主教并试图弄清楚这一切。 You know, I remember when I was going through my conversion and I was going to the Protestant church for a while, and I was kind of thinking about Catholicism and trying to figure all this out.
我记得有一次我在想，好吧，我的一个朋友说，你只需要读圣经并自己弄明白。 I remember at one point thinking, like, okay, one of my friends was like, you just need to read the Bible and figure it out.
我脑海中有两个想法。 And I had two thoughts in my mind.
这是一本极其重要且极其庞大的书。 This is an extremely important and extremely large book.
你是在告诉我我必须读完这整本3000页的书并自己弄明白吗？ Are you telling me that I have to read this entire 3,000 page book and figure it out myself?
我生命中的下20年就这样过去了。 There goes the next 20 years of my life.
你知道，这听起来真的很累人。 You know, it's like, that sounds really exhausting.
我一直在想，我认为神比那更聪明。 And I kept thinking, like, I think God is smarter than that.
就像，我认为神会做得比那更好。 Like, I think God would do something better than that.
不是仅仅说，给你，自己弄明白。 Like, instead of just, here it is, figure it out.
哦，顺便说一下，你的永恒救恩取决于你能否弄明白。 Oh, by the way, your eternal salvation depends on figuring it out.
啊！这简直能让人得溃疡。 Ah! Like, can you call a ulcer?
但我也记得在想，嗯，如果我的解释与别人不同怎么办？ But I also, you know, I also remember thinking, like, well, what if I come up with a different interpretation than someone else?
你要怎么解决这个问题？ Like, how are you going to solve that?
嗯，我认为圣经是这么说的。 Well, I think the Bible says this.
它似乎可以这样理解，嗯，我认为圣经说我周日可以睡懒觉不去教会。 It kind of lends itself to, well, I think the Bible says it's okay for me to sleep in on Sunday and not go to church.
因为哪里说你必须在周日去教会？ Because where does it say that you have to go to church on Sunday?
圣经中没有任何地方这么说。 It doesn't say that anywhere in the Bible.
那个明确的句子在圣经中并不存在。 It's that explicit sentence does not exist in the Bible.
但圣经中也没说不要砍下你的手臂在eBay上卖。 But it doesn't say in the Bible, don't chop your arms off and sell them on eBay either.
你知道吗？ You know?
拜托。 It's like, come on.
就像，仅仅因为某些东西没有你想看到的那样明确地逐字出现。 Like, just because something's not explicitly word for word like you want to see it.
显然，他们在圣经中看到，他们看到他们作为一个群体聚集并守安息日为圣。 Obviously, they see in the scriptures, they see they gather as a people and keep holy the Sabbath.
你在使徒行传中看到，他们是如何做到这一点的？ And you see in the Acts of the Apostles, how are they doing that?
他们在主日聚集。 They're gathering on the Lord's day.
这是非常清楚的。 Like, it's very clear.
但如果我不想去，我可以强加，这叫做臆释，我可以把 我的观点强加在圣经上，说，嗯，我只需要接受耶稣。 But if I don't want to go, I can impose, it's called eisegesis, I can impose my views on the Bible and say, well, I just need to accept Jesus.
所以它容易导致很多，它容易导致罪。 So it lends itself to a lot of, it lends itself to sin.
它容易导致基于我想做什么而不是责任感的有罪解释。 It lends itself to a sinful interpretation based on what I feel like doing rather than an accountability.
我记得我的一个同事，他说他是重生的基督徒，我说，那么，你去哪个教会？ I remember one of my, one of my coworkers was a, he said he's a born again Christian and I said, well, where do you go to church?
他说，我不去教会。 And he says, I don't go to church.
我只有圣经。 I just have the Bible.
我说，嗯，圣经谈到了去教会。 I said, well, the Bible talks about going to church.
圣经只是说你需要相信。 The Bible just says you need to believe.
我记得，在神学院当我在学习成为神父时，有个人来找我，我们进行了这样的讨论。 And I remember, and in seminary when I was studying to be a priest, I got, I got this guy come up to me and we got into this discussion.
有趣的是他说，他一开始说，我不想，我不想挑起争端。 It was interesting because he said, he started off by saying, I don't want to, I don't want to pick a fight.
然后当然他挑起了争端，你知道。 And then of course he picked a fight, you know.
我说，好吧。 And I said, okay.
他开始说，什么，你知道，我记得，我不记得了，我在试图回忆他的问题。 And he started off by saying, what, you know, I remember, I can't remember, I'm trying to remember his question.
他基本上是说，什么是好消息？ He said basically like, what is the good news?
我的一个朋友说，错了。 And one of my friends was like, wrong.
我说，我不想挑起争端，是吗？ I was like, I don't want to pick a fight, eh?
你知道。 You know.
我试图给出一个答案。 And I tried to give an answer.
他说，错了。 He's like, wrong.
我说，哦天哪，好吧。 And I was like, oh my gosh, okay.
通过与他的这次对话，我问他，嗯，你必须做什么才能上天堂？ And through this conversation with him, I asked him, well, what do you have to do to get to heaven?
你必须做什么才能得救？ What do you have to do to be saved?
只要相信，伙计。 Just believe, man.
只要接受耶稣作为你的主和救主。 Just accept Jesus as your Lord and Savior.
嗯，我说，那为什么耶稣说信而受洗的必然得救？ Well, I said, then why did Jesus say he who believes and is baptized will be saved?
他没有说只要相信。 He didn't say just believe.
为什么圣彼得，当他被问到，我必须做什么，奉主耶稣的名，为了罪得赦免并领受圣灵？ Why did St. Peter, when he got asked, what must I do, in the name of the Lord Jesus, for the forgiveness of your sins and you shall receive the Holy Spirit?
嗯，圣经只是说，你知道，如果你心里相信，口里承认耶稣是主，你就必得救。 Well, the Bible just says, you know, if you believe in your heart and confess your lips that Jesus is Lord, you'll be saved.
认罪，你知道，就像，好吧，是的，那句话在里面。 Confession, you know, it's like, okay, yes, that line is in there.
但其他的话也在里面。 But the other line is as well.
所以，如果你有圣保罗说你需要相信才能得救，你又有耶稣说你需要相信并受洗，你怎么办？ So, if you have St. Paul saying you need to believe in order to be saved and you have Jesus saying you need to believe and be baptized, what do you do?
你说，嗯，耶稣，你错了。 You say, well, Jesus, you're wrong.
他并没有说另一半不必要。 He's not saying the other half isn't necessary.
保罗没有说你唯一需要做的就是相信。 Paul didn't say the only thing you need to do is believe.
你知道，他们会引用的话是，嗯，圣经说，或经文说 所有的经文都是神所默示的，于教训都是有益的。 You know, and the things that they'll quote as saying, well, the Bible says that, or the scriptures say that all scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching.
就像，是的，那很好。 It's like, yeah, that's great.
但它没有说圣经是神所默示的唯一东西。 But it doesn't say that the Bible is the only thing inspired by God.
它说，是的，没有圣经你就没有装备。 And it says, Yeah, you're not equipped without the Bible.
如果你想要神的道，你想作为一个基督徒得到装备，你需要圣经。 If you want God's word, you want to be equipped as a Christian, you need the scriptures.
但这并不意味着这就是你所需要的全部。 But that doesn't mean that's all you need.
这在逻辑上并不成立。 That doesn't logically follow.
这就像说，如果你想吃这顿饭，你需要这把叉子才能准备好吃。 It's like saying, if you want to eat this meal, you're going to need this fork to be ready to eat.
你可能还需要勺子和刀。 You might also need the spoon and the knife.
这并不，所以你看到这不是互相排斥的。 That doesn't, so you see how that's not mutually exclusive.
圣经中没有任何地方说圣经是唯一的权威。 There's no place in the Bible that says the Bible is the only authority.
它说它是一个权威，但它也说圣传是一个权威。 It says it is an authority, but it also says tradition is an authority.
所以我记得就是这样想的，这种愿景，我只是拿着圣经，带着我自己的信仰。 And so I remember just thinking like, this kind of vision of, I just take the Bible and I come with my own beliefs.
那只会导致，除非我想要有责任，否则那里没有责任。 That just leads, there's no accountability there unless I want there to be accountability.
而作为天主教徒，有很多责任。 Whereas as Catholics, there is a lot of accountability.
做天主教徒并不容易。 It's not easy being Catholic.
我在开始时就告诉过你，对吧？ I told you this at the beginning, right?
做天主教徒很艰难。 Being Catholic is tough.
为什么？ Why?
因为你总是被要求达到一个你无法决定的标准。 Because you're constantly held to a standard that you can't get to determine.
你不能只读你想相信的段落或你想读的段落，只做你想做的事。 And you can't just read the passages that you want to believe or read the passages that you want to read and work on the things that you want to work on.
当你去告解时，你必须按照教会的标准全部认罪。 When you go to confession, you got to confess it all according to the Church's standards.
你不能说，是的，我要承认对我姑姑不好，但我不确 定我对整个弥撒的看法，所以我不打算承认那个。 You can't be like, yeah, I'm going to confess being mean to my aunt, but I'm not sure where I stand about this whole mass thing, so I'm not going to confess that.
对不起伙计，你没有被原谅。 Sorry dude, you're not forgiven.
我们必须按照神的标准认罪。 We have to confess on God's standards.
这是一种责任。 There's an accountability.
我们说，嗯，这个新问题出现了，神并没有真正谈到它，所以算是公平的游戏。 And we say, well, this new issue comes up with God doesn't really talk about it, so kind of fair game.
神一定不关心这个，因为它不在圣经里。 God must not care about it because it wasn't in the Bible.
你对像胚胎干细胞研究这样严肃的事情没有确定性。 You don't have certainty about something as serious as embryonic stem cell research.
不，我们相信神已经设立了一个权威，就像他对使徒所做的那样，他们把他们的职分给了 别人，他的职位，让另一个人接任，这就是他们在圣经中引用的，能够决定那些事情。 No, we believe that God has set up an authority, just like he did with the apostles, and they gave their ministry to others, his office, let another take, that's what they quote in scripture, to be able to determine those things.
所以教宗可以说，不，导致人类胚胎破坏和非法的胚 胎干细胞研究，是参与谋杀，这对人类不会有好处。 So the Pope can say, no, embryonic stem cell research that causes the destruction of a human embryo and elicit, and is participating in murder, it is not going to be good for the human race.
哦，好吧，它可以找到治疗方法。 Oh, well, it can come up with cures.
目的不能证明手段的正当性。 The ends don't justify the means.
你不能为了更大的善而做邪恶的事。 You can't do something evil for a greater good.
在这种情况下，科学已经证明胚胎干细胞研究没有治疗方法。 And science, in that case, has proven that embryonic stem cell research, no cures.
成人干细胞研究，你只是从成年人身上取干细胞，不会导致任何人死 亡，实际上已经产生了很多治疗方法，比如超过70种治疗方法。 Adult stem cell research where you just take stem cells from an adult, doesn't cause the death of anybody, has actually produced a lot of cures, like over 70 cures.
那里的科学是真实的。 The science there is real.
你可以在不杀死胚胎的情况下获得多能干细胞，比如从脐带或羊水中获得。 And you can get pluripotent stem cells without killing an embryo, like from the umbilical cord or amniotic fluid.
好的。 Okay.
相信神希望有一个教宗而不是60亿个教宗更容易。 It's easier to believe that God wishes there to be one Pope rather than six billion.
因为如果圣经是唯一的权威，那么伙计，我就是我自己的教宗。 Because if the Bible is the only authority, then I'm my own Pope, dude.
因为圣经不会对我大喊大叫说，嘿，你解释我错了。 Because the Bible ain't going to yell at me and say, hey, you're interpreting me wrong.
它不会那样做。 It's not going to do that.
它会让我这样做。 It's going to let me.
因为它是一本书。 Because it's a book.
它是神的道。 It's God's Word.
但是，你知道，那里没有人的声音。 But, you know, there's no human voice there.
而一个教宗可以说，不，我们必须在这里保持正轨。 Whereas one Pope can say, nope, we've got to stay on track here.
这是神对我们的爱的更伟大的愿景。 And it's a greater vision of God's love for us.
对我来说，一个更伟大的愿景，我认为，什么更容易相信？ A greater vision, for me, I think, what's easier to believe?
神说，这是道，自己弄明白。 That God said, here's the Word, figure it out.
如果你陷入争斗，就建立你自己的教会，因为你不可能真正有，没有最终的决定权。 If you get into fights, form your own church, because you're not going to be able to really have, there's no final say.
如果你不能，如果你不能决定如何达成一致，你就只能走自己的路了。 And if you can't, if you can't decide on how to agree, you're just going to have to go off your own way.
或者他会说，我要在这里建立一个权威。 Or is he going to say, I'm going to establish an authority here.
我要给他们整个神圣启示，整个圣传。 I'm going to give them the entire divine revelation, the entire tradition.
我要把其中一些以书面形式记录下来。 I'm going to put some of it in written form.
然后他们就会拥有它，这样任何人都可以接触到它。 And then they're going to have that, so that anybody can access it.
任何人都可以阅读它并得到启发，成为听到神对他们说话的一种方式。 Anybody can read it and be edified and be a way of hearing God speak to them.
这是他的情书。 It's his love letter.
但如果他们想，如果他们感到困惑，这里有一个权威可以说，这就是神的意思。 But if they want to, if they're getting confused, there's an authority here to say, this is what God means.
这就是我们应该传达的一切。 And this is everything that we should communicate.
这个权威将受到圣灵的保护直到时间的尽头，他们将会胜利。 And that authority is going to be protected by the Holy Spirit until the end of time and they're going to prevail.
即使他们是曾经犯过罪的教宗，即使他们是做过坏事的主教，他们也不会违背教会的教导。 Even if they're popes who have been sinners, even if they're bishops who have done bad things, that they're not going to contradict the teachings of the church.
教宗和训导权会坚持不懈，尽管他们是罪人。 The pope and the magisterium is going to hold fast, even though they're sinners.
我认为这是一个更伟大的爱的礼物。 I think that's a much greater gift of love.
当然，这是具有挑战性的，因为我们要负责。 Sure, it's challenging because then we're accountable.
但对我来说，在涉及上天堂这样的事情时，我宁愿有清晰而不是模糊。 But for me, I'd much rather have clarity than ambiguity when it comes to things like getting to heaven.
在马太福音第7章，耶稣在登山宝训的结尾告诉我们，他谈到了这整个领域。 And in Matthew 7, Jesus tells us, at the end of the Sermon on the Mount, He talks about this whole realm.
我认为这是一件很酷的事。 And I think it's kind of a cool, cool thing.
所以在马太福音第7章，他说，凡听见我这话就去行的，好比一个聪明人，把房子盖在磐石上。 So in Matthew 7, He says, Everyone who listens to these words of mine and acts on them will be like a wise man who built his house on rock.
雨淋，水冲，风吹，撞着那房子，房子总不倒塌。 The rains fell and the floods came and the winds blew and buffeted the house, but it did not collapse.
因为根基立在磐石上。 It had been set solidly on rock.
凡听见我这话不去行的，好比一个无知的人，把房子盖在沙土上。 And everyone who listens to these words of mine and does not act on them will be like a fool who builds his house on sand.
雨淋，水冲，风吹，撞着那房子，房子就倒塌了，并且倒塌得很大。 The rains fell, the floods came and the winds blew and buffeted the house and it collapsed and it was completely ruined.
现在，他用了「房子在磐石上」这个词。 Now, He uses the word house on rock.
我们在哪里还听到他谈到磐石？ Where else do we hear Him talk about rock?
你是彼得，我要把我的教会建造在这磐石上。 You are Peter and upon this rock I will build my church.
也就是房子。 AKA house.
耶稣是一个聪明人，把他的教会建造在磐石上。 Jesus is a wise man who builds his church on rock.
彼得，教宗。 Peter, the Pope.
不是愚昧人把房子盖在沙土上。 Not a fool who builds his house on sand.
许多人的许多意见。 Lots of opinions by lots of people.
每个人自己读圣经，得出自己的解释。 Everybody read the Bible themselves and come up with their own interpretation.
那是沙土。 That's sand.
磐石。 Rock.
单数。 Singular.
沙子，从定义上讲，是复数。 Sand is, by definition, plural.
很多。 Lots of it.
好的。 Okay.
神希望向我们启示自己，与我们分享他自己的神圣生命， 他给了我们所有这些东西，所以我们可以知道这一点。 God wishes to reveal Himself to us and share His own divine life with us and He's given all these things so we can know that.
好的，总结一下。 Alright, so to summarize.
启示的三大支柱。 Three pillars of Revelation.
圣传，即在圣灵的指引和保护下，使徒的继承者对整个启示的活传。 Sacred Tradition, which is the living transmission of the entirety of Revelation by the successors of the Apostles under the guidance and protection of the Holy Spirit.
圣经，在圣灵的默示下被记录下来的神的话语。 Sacred Scripture, the speech of God as it's put down in writing under the breath of the Holy Spirit.
以及训导权，教会的教导权威。 And the Magisterium, the teaching authority of the Church.
教宗和主教们是使徒的继承者。 The Pope and the Bishops were the successors to the Apostles.
对圣经的解释必须与圣传和整个圣经相一致。 The interpretation of Scripture must be in union with Sacred Tradition and the whole of Scripture.
新约在教会之后出现，是由教会成员在圣灵的默示下写成的。 The New Testament came after the Church, was written by the members of the Church under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit.
旧约和新约是由教会汇编的。 The Old and New Testaments were put together by the Church.
它是为教会成员写的。 It was written for members of the Church.
因此，它必须在它所来自的教会的核心中阅读。 Therefore, it must be read within the heart of the Church from which it came.
也许你听过有人说，哦，我去一个以圣经为基础的教会。 Maybe you've had people say, Oh, I go to a Bible-based Church.
我去一个以圣经为基础的教会。 I go to a Bible-based Church.
我们不是一个以圣经为基础的教会。 We're not a Bible-based Church.
我们是给世界圣经的教会。 We're the Church that gave the world the Bible.
你知道，我们是圣经所基于的教会。 You know, we're the Church the Bible is based off of.
所以，就像一个以圣经为基础的教会说，我要拿圣经，我要读它，然后我要建立自己的教会。 So, like a Bible-based Church says, I'm gonna take the Bible, I'm gonna read it, and I'm gonna come up with my own Church.
我们不是那样的。 We're not that.
我们是把圣经给予世界的人。 We're the ones that gave the Bible to the world.
我们是圣经正在被写成时就存在的教会。 We're the Church that was there when the Bible was being written.
你知道，马太是公教会的。 You know, Matthew was Catholic.
马可，公教会的。 Mark, Catholic.
路加，公教会的。 Luke, Catholic.
约翰，公教会的。 John, Catholic.
彼得，公教会的。 Peter, Catholic.
所以，我们的信仰是否根植于圣经？ So, are our beliefs rooted in the Bible?
当然。 Of course.
但是反过来说。 But it's the other way around.
公教会在新约被写成之前就已经存在了。 The Catholic Church existed before the New Testament was written.
是教会产生了新约。 It was the Church that produced the New Testament.
是教会把圣经汇编在一起的。 It was the Church that put the Bible together.
我们拥有这个的唯一原因是因为公教会。 The only reason we have this is because of the Catholic Church.
这是因为修士们在修道院里抄写它，教会在无数的战争、破坏、掠夺和劫掠中保存和保护了它。 It was because monks copied it in monasteries, and the Church preserved it and protected it throughout crazy amounts of wars and destructions and lootings and pillages.
我们了解神的唯一原因，我们了解耶稣基督的唯一原因是因为公教会。 The only reason we know about God, the only reason we know about Jesus Christ is because of the Catholic Church.
好的。 Okay.
所以，你可能感兴趣的一些参考资料，在这个主题领域，是斯科特·哈恩 博士的《守约的父亲》，这是一本很棒的书，他在书中讲述了圣经中的主 要盟约，比如与亚当和夏娃、诺亚、亚伯拉罕、摩西、大卫的盟约。 So, some references that you might be interested in, kind of in this realm of the subject, is A Father Who Keeps His Promises by Dr. Scott Hahn, a great book where he goes through the main covenants of Scripture, like the covenants with Adam and Eve, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David.
这提供了一种通过五个盟约和神所立的约来理解所有圣经的方式。 Kind of gives a way of understanding all the Scriptures through the five covenants and the promises that God has made.
非常美丽的书。 Very beautiful book.
你可以理解圣经。 You can understand the Bible.
彼得·克里夫特逐一讲解每一卷书。 Peter Kreeft goes through each book.
比如，耶利米书的历史背景是什么？ Like, what's the history of Jeremiah?
耶利米书中发生了什么？ What's going on in the book of Jeremiah?
背景是什么？ What's the context?
所以，它是逐卷讲解的。 So, it's just a book by book.
这是一个很好的参考指南。 It's kind of a good reference guide.
那在圣经中的哪里？ Where is that in the Bible?
作者是帕特里克·默吉德。 By Patrick Mergid.
它涵盖了所有的问题。 It kind of goes by all the issues.
比如，圣经中哪里提到了无原罪怀孕的问题？ Like, where is the issue of the Immaculate Conception in the Bible?
这个问题在圣经中的哪里？ Where is this issue in the Bible?
那里有哪些教导？ What's all the teachings there?
大卫·柯里的《生为基要派，重生为天主教徒》，我认为是我见过的最好的解释之一。 Born Fundamentalist, Born Again Catholic by David Currie, I think is one of the best explanations I've seen.
什么？ What?
这是一本很棒的书。 It's a great book.
他基本上是一个新教徒，一个基要派，后来成为了天主教徒，所以 他用基要派或新教徒会使用的所有语言写这本书，并谈论天主教。 Where he basically, he was a Protestant, he was a fundamentalist, and he became Catholic, and so he writes the book using all the language that fundamentalists or Protestants would use and talks about Catholicism.
因为有时我们用词的意思不同，所以他谈到了这一点。 Because sometimes we use words when we mean different things, and so he kind of talks about that.
他对训导权中的圣经和圣传有很好的解释。 And he has a great explanation of Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition in the Magisterium.
这是我读过的最好的解释之一。 One of the best I've read.
然后，当然还有Catholic.com， And then, of course, Catholic.com,
正如你可能想象的那样。 as you probably would imagine.
Catholic.com， Catholic.com,
另一个很棒的网站。 another great website.
好的，所以我提到，这显然不在你的笔记中，因为我刚刚写的。 Okay, so I mentioned, this isn't in your notes, obviously, because I just wrote it.
如果你想研究圣经，你只想看历史，历史书，我提到的，你知道，从福音书开 始，但按顺序，创世记、出埃及记、约书亚记、士师记、撒母耳记上下、列王 纪上下、以斯拉记、尼希米记、以斯帖记、多比传、犹滴传、玛加比上下、福 音书和使徒行传，这些将讲述从「要有光」到使徒出去宣扬福音的故事。 If you were looking at studying the Scriptures, and you just wanted to look at the history, the historical books, I mentioned, you know, starting with the Gospels, but in order, Genesis, Exodus, Joshua, Judges, 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Tobit, Judith, 1 and 2 Maccabees, the Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles, those are going to tell the story from let there be light, until the Apostles going out and proclaiming the good news.
所有其他的内容都会在那个时候谈论这些事情，但它们将 是智慧文学、诗篇和其他律法，以及圣经中的其他内容。 And all the other stuff is going to be talking about those things at that time, but they're going to be wisdom literature, Psalms, and other laws, and other things that are in the Scriptures.
所以我会把这个留在那里。 So I'll leave that up.
然后我们会一直忘记。 And then we'll keep forgetting.
花几分钟时间回答一些问题。 Take just a couple minutes for some questions.
我们先从盒子里的问题开始。 We'll start with the ones in the box.
然后我会尝试回答。所以我想我已经回答了所有关于为什 么巴勒斯坦的犹太人拒绝公教会圣经中的七卷书的问题？ And then I'll try to go through So I think I answered all the questions of why did the Jews in Palestine reject the seven books found in the Catholic Bible?
因为那是基督徒正在使用的。 Because that's what the Christians were using.
为什么这七卷书没有被接受？ Why were the seven books not accepted?
为什么这些书被正典化需要一段时间？ Why did it take a while for these books to be canonized?
我的意思是，它们是同时被正典化的。 I mean, they were canonized all together at the same time.
马丁·路德拒绝次经的教义和所有理由是什么？ What were Martin Luther's doctrine and all reasons for rejecting the Deuterocanonical books?
因为它谈到为死者祈祷，它谈到炼狱。 Because it talks about praying for the dead, and it talks about purgatory.
它没有使用确切的词，但它谈到为死者献祭和祈祷，这与完全堕落 的观念相矛盾，与整个救赎的概念相矛盾，因为你是完全腐败的。 It doesn't use the exact word, but it talks about offering sacrifices and praying for the dead, which contradicts total depravity, which contradicts this whole notion of salvation, as you're completely corrupt.
神用他的义遮盖你。 God covers you with his righteousness.
如果有这个叫做炼狱的东西，那么你就不可能完全腐败 ，你不可能被义遮盖，你必须能够被纠正，变得更好。 And if there's this thing called purgatory, then you can't be completely corrupt, you can't be covered with righteousness, you have to be able to be made right, made better.
因为这在玛加比一书中明确提到，这是不可能的。 Because that's explicitly mentioned in 1 Maccabees, there's just no way.
教会对器官移植的看法是什么？ What is the Church's view on organ transplants?
教会对器官移植的看法是，捐赠非重要器官，不会导 致你死亡的器官，可以是一件好事和值得称赞的事。 The Church's view on organ transplants is that donating a non-vital organ, an organ that's not going to kill you, can be a good and meritorious thing.
你可以在活着的时候这样做，也可以在死后这样做。 And you can do that while you're alive, or you can do that after you've died.
显然，在你还活着的时候捐赠会导致你死亡的器官是不行的。 Obviously, it's not okay to donate an organ that's going to cause your death while you're still alive.
哦，我的配偶需要一颗心脏。 Oh, my spouse needs a heart.
你不能那样做。 You can't do that.
但这也意味着，如果有人要在死后捐赠器官，他们需要真的已经死亡。 But it also means that if someone is going to donate their organs after they've died, they need to actually have been dead.
这是一个真实的问题，这也是现在我已经捐赠了一个器官，我已经给 我的一个朋友捐赠了一个肾脏，但我不在器官捐赠名单上的原因。 There's a real issue, and it's the reason right now why I've donated an organ, I've donated a kidney to one of my friends, but I'm not on the organ donor list.
因为现在美国进行器官捐赠的方式与天主教的教导不符。 Because how they do organ donations in our United States right now is not in line with Catholic teaching.
所以这就是需要改变的，我们需要让它改变。 And so that's what needs to change, and we need to get that to change.
因为现在，你只需同意成为器官捐赠者，他们就可以做 任何他们想做的事，基本上可以拿走任何他们想要的。 Because right now, you just put yes to organ donor, and they can do whatever they want, basically take whatever they want.
所以他们可以说他们想要你的心脏。 And so what they can do is say they want your heart.
如果你在普通的世俗医院的手术台上，他们会做的是把你维持在生命支持系统上，直到他们把另一 个人带来，然后他们会把你的心脏取出来，这会导致你的死亡，然后把它放进另一个人的身体里。 If you're on the operating table in a regular secular hospital, what they're going to do is they're going to keep you on life support until they get that other person there, and they're going to rip your heart out, which causes your death, and then put it in the other person.
他们不让你死。 They don't let you die.
那是不道德的。 That's immoral.
那是医生在犯谋杀罪。 That's doctors committing murder.
因为道德不是基于环境或后果或我们认为会导致最好结果的东西。 Because morality is not based on circumstances or consequences or what we think is going to lead to the best.
它是基于行为的。 It's based on actions.
所以如果一个人已经死亡，心脏停止跳动，脑死亡，取走他们的器官是可以的，因为他们已经死了。 So if a person has died, heart stopped beating, brain dead, it's okay to take their organs because they're dead.
但通过取走他们的器官来导致死亡是不行的，这是很多医院取器官的方式，因为他们是结果主义者。 But it's not okay to cause death by taking their organs, which is a way a lot of hospitals take their organs because they're consequentialists.
他们认为，嗯，这增加了可行性，因为他们不必经历 坏死，不必经历死亡，或者可以得到更新鲜的器官。 They think, well, this increases viability because they don't have to experience necrosis, they don't have to experience death, or getting it much more fresh.
抱歉，目的不能证明手段的正当性。 Sorry, the ends don't justify the means.
你不能直接导致一个无辜人的死亡，你也不能用他们反正要死了这个论点。 You cannot directly cause the death of an innocent human being, and you can't use the argument they're going to die anyway.
你不知道那个。 You don't know that.
如果他们等到真正死亡，他们可能会奇迹般地康复。 They could be miraculously healed if they wait until they actually die.
是吗？ Yeah?
对，好的，是的。 Right, okay, yeah.
当然。 Sure.
我们将有一整节课讨论生物伦理和生命末期问题，以及是否可以拔掉某人的生命维持设备。 We're going to have a whole class on bioethics and the issue of end-of-life issues and whether it's okay to pull the plug on someone.
简短的回答是，如果没有康复的希望，唯一让他们身体呼吸的只是机器，而且没有希 望，如果你愿意，可以继续让他们维持在那个状态，但你在道德上没有义务这样做。 And so the short answer is if there's no hope of recovery and the only thing that's keeping them physically respirating is the machine, and there's no hope, it's okay to keep them on that if you wish, but you're not morally obligated.
但如果有康复的希望，比如这个人刚刚做了胆囊切除手 术，因为发生了一些事情而使用呼吸机，但他们很好。 But if there's a hope of recovery, like the person just went under surgery to have their gallbladder removed, and they're on a respirator because something happened, but they're fine.
不能像配偶那样说，哦，现在是我的机会。 It can't be like spouse, oh, now's my chance.
因为有现实的康复希望，这被称为普通手段。 Because there's a realistic hope of recovery that's called ordinary means.
所以我们有义务采取普通手段来维持生命，食物和水分，医疗护理，那些显示出某种益处的东西。 So we're obligated to do ordinary means of preserving our life, food and hydration, medical care, what it's shown to show some type of benefit.
我们在道德上没有义务采取非常手段，比如呼吸机，但其中一个要求是，只要 你的身体能够处理食物，你就必须提供食物和水，即使这意味着使用喂食管。 We're not morally obligated to do extraordinary means, which is like the respirator, but one of the things that is required is as long as your body can process food, you have to give food and water, even if it means a feeding tube.
那是普通的。 That's ordinary.
现在许多养老院存在的风险是，人们被吗啡麻醉到失去意识，然后被允许饿死。 And there's a risk of what's going on in many nursing homes today is people are being morphined unconscious and then allowed to starve to death.
他们说，嗯，这个人几天内就会走了。 And they say, well, the person's going to go in a few days.
如果你不给他们食物或水，每个人都会在几天内离开。 Everyone goes in a few days if you don't feed or give them water.
就像你把某人打昏一样。 Like, you knock someone unconscious.
所以，你知道，在我们生命的尽头，我们的身体确实开始关闭。 And so, you know, at the end of our lives, our bodies do start shutting down.
我们不再能够处理食物。 We're no longer able to process food.
你把食物放进胃里，它只会爆炸。 You put food in the stomach, it's just going to explode.
但只要身体能够在任何程度上处理食物，我们就有义务提供食物和水。 But so long as that body can process food at whatever level it can process, we're required to give food and water.
否则，我们就是在让这个人挨饿。 Otherwise, we're starving the person.
所以这是一个真实的风险。 So there's a real risk.
我们将讨论所有这些具体细节，关于我们需要做什么，以及我们如何真正详细说明如何照顾老年 人，如何照顾我们自己，以便我们尊重我们的信仰，因为现在安乐死变得更加流行，更加普遍。 We'll talk about all those specifics about what we need to do and how we need to really spell out how to care for the elderly, how to care for ourselves so that we're respecting our beliefs because with euthanasia being much more popular now, it's much more common.
我去医院，这个人被吗啡麻醉到失去意识，他们说他们可能几天内就会走。 I go into hospitals and this person's morphined unconscious and they say they're probably going to go in a few days.
我心里想，当然他们几天内就会走。 I'm thinking to myself, of course they're going to go in a few days.
如果你给我吗啡麻醉到失去意识并且不给我食物和水，我也会在几天内离开。 I would go in a few days if you morphined me unconscious and didn't give me food and water.
所以，这有点冒险。 So, it's a bit risky.
蛇如何成为神原始计划的一部分，或者为什么？ How was the serpent part of God's original plan or why?
嗯，你知道，神创造了所有的天使。 Well, you know, God created all the angels.
一些天使堕落成为了魔鬼。 Some of the angels fell and became demons.
魔鬼可以以任何他们想要的形式出现。 And demons can appear as whatever they want.
这个魔鬼以蛇的形式出现，诱惑了夏娃，夏娃堕落了。 And this demon appeared as a serpent and tempted Eve and Eve fell.
蛇诱惑夏娃是神的计划吗？ Was it God's plan for the serpent to tempt Eve?
不是。神没有计划，魔鬼背离神不是神的计划。 No. God didn't plan, it wasn't God's plan for the devils to turn away from God.
神知道夏娃会受到诱惑，因为他知道魔鬼背离了他，并将要与地上的人开战。 God knew that Eve was going to be tempted because he knew the devil turned away and was going to go make war on the people of Earth.
但这不是神的旨意。 But it wasn't God's will.
所以神允许它发生，因为他知道他能克服它。 So God allowed it because he knew he could overcome it.
就像神允许任何邪恶一样，他允许邪恶因为我们有自由意志。 Just like God allows any evil, he allows evil because we have free will.
那恶者有自由意志，我们有自由意志。 The evil one has free will, we have free will.
那恶者去诱惑，夏娃回应了。 The evil one went and tempted, Eve responded.
他们自由地做了那件事。 And they did that freely.
神尊重我们的自由。 God respects our freedom.
但在神更大的救赎计划中，他允许它发生，因为他知道他能在耶稣基督里克服它。 But in God's bigger plan of salvation, he allowed it because he knew he could overcome it in Jesus Christ.
他击碎了那条蛇。 He crushed that serpent.
好的。 Alright.
现在有这么多圣经的翻译版本。 There are so many translations of the Bible these days.
哪个是最准确的，哪个是最不准确的？ Which is the most accurate and which is the least accurate?
我不知道哪个最不准确，因为有太多版本了。 I don't know about the least accurate because there's so many.
所以这有点像是一个神学问题。 So that's kind of a God question.
我认为最准确的英文翻译是修订标准版。 I would say the most accurate English translation is the Revised Standard Version.
修订标准版是在1600年代产生的。 The Revised Standard Version, which was produced in the 1600s.
我认为那是最逐字逐句的，就像是逐词翻译。 And I think that's the most letter-by-letter, like word-for-word translation.
我认为大多数圣经学者会同意，你可以拿那个英文翻译，实 际上把它翻译回希伯来文和希腊文，而且会非常非常接近。 I think most Biblical scholars would agree that you could take that English translation and actually translate it back to the Hebrew and the Greek and actually be very, very close.
因为那被称为逐词翻译。 Because that's called a word-by-word translation.
他们试图保持那种一致性。 They try to maintain that consistency.
而NIV（新国际版），例如，是逐句翻译，他们试图 只抓住要点或意思，但他们不试图做到完全逐词翻译。 Whereas the NIV, for example, is a sentence-by-sentence translation where they try to just get the gist or the meaning, but they're not trying to get exact word-for-word.
所以NIV是一个新教翻译。 So the NIV is a Protestant translation.
我不会推荐它。 I would not recommend it.
我不知道NAC是什么。 I don't know what the NAC is.
NAB，就是我们给你的那个，是一个好的翻译。 The NAB, which is the ones we gave you, it's a good translation.
这是美国天主教主教团制作的。 It's the ones that the USCCB produces.
老实说，我们给你这个而不是修订标准版的原因是因为它便宜10美元。 The reason why we got you this versus the Revised Standard Version, to be honest, is because it's $10 cheaper.
所以，抱歉。 So, sorry.
修订标准版，依纳爵圣经，依纳爵出版社出版了一个依 纳爵修订标准版圣经天主教版，那是市面上最好的。 The Revised Standard Version, the Ignatius Bible, Ignatius Press produces an Ignatius Revised Standard Version Bible Catholic Edition, and that's the best one on the market.
特别是如果你得到研读版，因为它包含所有的注释。 Especially if you get the Study Edition, because it has all the commentary in it.
它会有那些脚注，其中有对旧约的引用，那些事情被提到的地方，或者新约中相关的其他段落。 It's going to have those footnotes where there's references to either Old Testament, where those things are mentioned, or other passages in the New Testament that relate.
所以，就我个人而言，我有新约的依纳爵研读版圣经，我认为它是最好的。 So, personally, I have the Ignatius Study Bible of the New Testament, and I think it's just top of the mark.
然后我有依纳爵圣经本身，我认为它们真的很好。 And then I have the Ignatius Bible itself, which I think are just really good.
詹姆斯王版本还可以，但你会发现大多数詹姆斯王版本不包括旧约的书卷。 The King James Version is okay, but most King James that you're going to find do not include the books of the Old Testament.
今天很难找到詹姆斯王圣经的天主教版本。 It's pretty rare today to find a Catholic version of the King James Bible.
它可能可以，但是还好，但我不喜欢它因为它使用了很多古英语。 It probably can, but it's okay, but I don't like it because it uses a lot of Old English.
而且它有点难理解。 And it's kind of hard to understand.
我会说修订标准版使用了很多我们今天使用的普通英语。 I would say the Revised Standard Version uses a lot of just kind of normal English that we use today.
里面还有一些'the'和'thou'，但不是那么多。 There's still some the's and thou's in there, but not as much.
然后还有一些像新生活译本那样的，是一种逐段翻译，真的失去了准确性，失去了很多深度。 And then there's some out there like the New Living Translation that are kind of paragraph by paragraph translations that really lose the accuracy, really lose a lot of the depth.
我认为逐字翻译真的很重要，因为神的话很重要，一个单词可能与旧约中的许多事情有联系。 I think it's really important to have that word for word because God's Word matters, and a single word could connect to a ton of things in the Old Testament.
但如果我们只是大致理解，我们可能会失去那些联系。 But if we're just kind of getting the gist, we might lose those connections.
好吗？ Okay?
好的。 All right.
我一直在看我的手表。 I keep looking at my watch.
习惯。 Habits.
生命树代表什么？ What does the tree of life represent?
它是什么？ What is it?
所以创世记中伊甸园里的生命树是通向永生的途径，能够永远活着。 So the tree of life in the Book of Genesis in the Garden was access to immortality, to be able to live forever.
他们选择了，而不是选择生命树，在园中的永生，被允许永远活着，他们选择了分别善恶树，自 己决定什么是对什么是错，有点像扮演神的角色，说我认为这是可以的，我要按自己的方式做。 And they chose, instead of choosing the tree of life, immortality in the Garden, and to be allowed to live forever, they chose the tree of knowledge of good and evil to decide for themselves what's right and wrong, to kind of play God and say I think this is okay, and I'm going to do my own way.
因为他们这样做，他们失去了接近生命树的机会。 And because they did that, they lost access to the tree of life.
现在，在圣经中，新约谈到生命树就是十字架。 Now, in Scripture, the New Testament talks about the tree of life as the cross.
十字架是新的生命树。 The cross is the new tree of life.
这是体验永生和不朽的新方式。 It's the new way to experience eternal life and immortality.
所以，那个... So, the...
好的。 All right.
所以...我没能讲到我的天主教酷东西。 So... I didn't get to my Catholic cool stuff.
所以...很遗憾，我们只能把那个留到下次了。 So... We'll have to save that for next time, unfortunately.
抱歉。 Sorry.
我们以祷告结束如何？ How about we close in a prayer?
奉圣父、圣子、圣灵的名。 In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
天父，我只求你祝福我们在场的所有人和我们的家人。 Father, I just ask your blessing upon all of us here and our family members.
请在每个人开车回家时保护我们的安全。 Please keep us safe as everyone drives home.
再次恳求，主啊，请找到方法祝福并供应所有无家可归的人，所有在寒冷中的人。 Again, please, Lord, provide find ways to bless and provide for all the homeless, all those that are out in the cold.
帮助我们知晓你的旨意，帮助我们认识你的良善。 And help us to know your will, help us to know your goodness.
通过我们的主基督，帮助我们珍惜你的话语。 Help us to cherish your word through Christ our Lord.
奉圣父、圣子、圣灵的名。 In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
所以，这周有一个非常实际的鼓励。 So, one just real practical encouragement this week.
我真的想鼓励你们开始阅读圣经。 I really want to encourage you to start reading the Bible.
因为神会对你说话。 Because God will speak to you.
你知道，这是...首先，这很棒，因为你学习关于耶稣的事。 You know, it's... One, it's awesome, because you learn about Jesus.
但当你阅读耶稣的生平时，把自己置身其中。 But when you're reading Jesus' life, put yourself there.
把自己置于那一刻。 Put yourself in that moment.
把自己置于与耶稣一起在沙滩上，你知道，当他在加利利海边时。 Put yourself in the sand with Jesus, you know, as he's on the Sea of Galilee.
神能做到这一点。 And God can do that.
他能对你说话。 He can speak to you.
他能来到你的书页，然后，砰！ He can come to your page and just, boom!
像一吨砖头砸到你一样。 Hit you like a ton of bricks.
那就是神对你说的话。 And that's God's word to you.
因为神的道是活泼的，是有功效的。 Because God's word is living and effective.
所以下次我们还会讨论如何用圣经祷告。 So we'll talk also next time about how to pray with Scripture.
如何通过用圣经祷告实际听到神对你说话，好吗？ How to actually hear God speak to you by praying with Scripture, okay?
因为我认为这是一件非常重要的事。 Because I think it's a really important thing.
愿神祝福你们。 God bless you guys.
晚安。 Have a good night.