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「旁经」一词源自希腊文「apokrypta」，意思是隐藏起来的东西。 Apocrypha comes from a Greek word, apokrypta, which means to hide what is hidden.
英文「apocryphal」一词，其意思已经变成「虚假的」。 The English word apocryphal has come to mean false.
所以当人们谈到旁经时，作为新教徒，作为一个福音 So when people talk about the apocrypha, as Protestants, as a Protestant evangelical,
派新教徒，我指的是一些我认为不属于正典的附 I'm talking about additional books that I don't believe are part of the canon,
加书卷，但有些基督教传统，如 but additional books that some Christian traditions,
公教会和东正教，却将其纳入他们的旧约正典之中。 like Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, include within their Old Testament canon.
在主要的基督教传统中，对于新约的内容并无争议。 There's no debate about the content of the New Testament among major Christian traditions.
正如有人所说，当你看到新约正典二十七卷书的多样性和地理分布之 As some people have said, it's amazing when you look at the diversity and geographical spread,
广时，实在令人惊叹，这正肯定了我们所拥有的新约正典。 and there's this affirmation of the 27-book New Testament canon that we have.
但是根据你如何划分，因为其中有一些书卷的部分等等，对于 But depending on how you divide it up, because there's portions of books and so on,
东正教会来说，可能是12卷以上的附加书卷，甚至更多。 whether it's 12 additional books or for Eastern Orthodoxy, there's even more.
这些书是从哪里来的，为什么新教徒不相信它们是正典的一部分？ Where did these books come from, and why do Protestants not believe they're part of the canon?
对此一个简单的解释是:耶稣和使徒们并不认为这是正典的一部分。 The easy explanation for this is to say Jesus and the apostles didn't believe this was part of the canon.
在旧约和新约之间写这些书的犹太人从未将 The Jews who wrote these books in the time between the Old and New Testament
其纳入他们的正典。你去的会堂里没有这些书。 never included it in their canon. They're not in the synagogue that you go to.
它们并没有被引用为经文，如同经上所说，如同神的道所说。 They're not quoted as Scripture, as the Scripture says, as the Word of God says.
它们在新约中并没有被引用为经文。 They're not quoted as Scripture in the New Testament.
因此我们不相信那些书卷应当列入我们的正典。 And so we don't believe that those should be included within our canon.
旁经也包含明显的历史错误，这与新旧约圣经不同。 The Apocrypha also contains clear historical error, unlike the Old and New Testament Scriptures.
你可以在保罗·瓦格纳的《从原文到译本的旅程》 You can see lists of these errors, for example, in Paul Wagner's book,
一书中看到这些错误的列表。 The Journey from Text to Translations.
在公教会内，虽然有某些地区性会议肯定了旁经的书卷， The Catholic Church, there were certain regional councils that affirmed books of the Apocrypha,
但直到1546年的特伦托大公会议，为了回应新教的宗 but a church-wide council did not affirm the Apocrypha as Scripture within the Catholic Church
教改革，公教会才在全教会范围内肯定旁经为正典。 until the Council of Trent in 1546 in reaction against the Protestant Reformation.
如果在反对新教之前，我们没有一个全教会的大公会议来确认那些书 So that should give us pause if we don't have a church-wide council affirming those books
卷，这应当让我们暂缓一下。 until a reaction against Protestants.
我说这话是因为我在一所浸信会 And having said that, I teach at a Baptist seminary,
神学院教书，很多来自浸信会传统的学生对旁经都持怀疑态度。 and so many times students who come from the Baptist tradition are very skeptical about the Apocrypha.
他们认为这几乎是一本邪恶的书。邪恶的书，不要读它。 They think it's almost like an evil book. Evil books, don't read it.
但我认为那是错误的。我的意思是，这些书是由早期的犹太人所 But I think that's wrong. I mean, these are books that are written by early Jews
写，他们多次寻求过一种讨神喜悦的生活方式。 who are seeking to live a life many times pleasing to God.
旁经内容多样，但有些部分读起 There's a diversity within it, but portions of the Apocrypha,
来就像诗篇一样，呼求神，赞美祂的属性。 you sound just like the Psalms, calling out to God and praise for his attributes.
在《德训篇》第38章中，有一段关于医生的美丽经文，说不要轻视医生。 There's a beautiful passage in Sirach chapter 38 about physicians that don't despise the physician.
祷告神求医治，但也不要惧怕就医，因 Pray to God for healing, but don't be afraid to go to the physician
为神已将地上药草的智慧赐给医生，使他们也能医治你。 because God's given him wisdom about the herbs of the earth and how they can heal you too.
我们读到这段经文，就会想，这是人多次寻求活着来事奉神。 So we read this and we think, this is people seeking to live, to serve God many times.
我一直觉得《多俾亚传》这本书可以拍成一部精彩的迪士尼电影。 I've always thought the book of Tobit would make an amazing Disney movie.
《多俾亚传》虽然不是正典圣经，但书中有爱情、有阴谋诡 It's not Scripture, but if you read the book of Tobit, it has love, it has intrigue,
计，读起来十分有趣，不过它终究不是圣经正典。 and it's really enjoyable to read as a book, but it's not Scripture.
我们读旁经时，也能帮助我们了解 We can also, when we read the Apocrypha, it can help us understand
旧约最后一卷书与耶稣传道之间发生的事。 what happened between the last book of the Old Testament and Jesus ministering.
这些法利赛人从哪里来？这些撒都该人又从哪里来？ Where did these Pharisees come from? Where did these Sadducees come from?
那个故事其实是记载在旁经里的。 That story is told really in the Apocrypha.
你读了马加比一书和二书，这为我们提供了有帮助的历史背景。 You read 1 and 2 Maccabees, and so it gives us helpful historical background.
在新教传统中，我发现其实有两个主要派别。 Within the Protestant tradition, I've found that there are really two strands.
有一支最后形成了英国圣公会这样的教派，还 There's a strand that ends up in sort of Anglicanism, the English church,
有一支更像是浸信会和长老会，我想路德宗 and then there's a strand that's more like Baptist and Presbyterian,
应该也在这里，和英国圣公会在一起。 and I guess Lutheranism will be over here with Anglicanism.
他们会使用旁经中的话语来作诗歌，以及其他类似的事情。 And they will use words from the Apocrypha for hymns and other things like that.
他们不相信那是神的默示。 They don't believe it's Scripture.
但是在浸信会和更多长老会的 But within the Baptist and more Presbyterian tradition,
传统中，它通常只被视为有历史背景价值。 it's really only looked at as valuable for historical background many times.
但是如果你翻阅你的圣诗集，有时我们甚至唱一些根据旁经编写的圣诗 But if you look in your hymnal, sometimes we even sing hymns based on the Apocrypha,
，不过在我们的圣诗集里通常不会注明。 but it usually doesn't say that in our hymnal.
例如，那首著名的赞美诗 For example, the famous hymn,
收录在浸信会诗歌集中，几乎逐字逐句地根据德训篇 which is in the Baptist hymnal, is based on Sirach chapter 50,
第50章改编而成。 almost word for word.
这是一首赞美神的美丽诗歌。 It's a beautiful hymn to God.
或者那首著名的圣 Or the famous Christmas carol,
诞颂歌。所以旁经不 So the Apocrypha is not Scripture,
是正典圣经，但有时它对理解两约之间发 but it is helpful sometimes to understand the things that happen
生的事情很有帮助。 between the Testaments.
有些基督教传统还写了一些诗歌和其他作品 And some Christian traditions have written hymns and other things
，其中使用了一些旁经的措辞。 that use some of the wording of the Apocrypha.