大家好，我是牧师帕特里克·海恩斯。我想在此继续我对《威斯 Hello, this is Pastor Patrick Hines, and I want to press on here in my study of
敏斯特信条》的研究，探讨基本的基督教信仰。我希望最终能把 the Westminster Confession, just going over basic Christianity, and I'm hoping
这个专题制作成一个系列。我会尽量把每一讲控制在10分钟左右。 eventually this will be a series. I'll try to keep these around 10 minutes each.
最近发生了很多事情。前几周我休假了一周， A lot been going on. The last couple weeks I was off for a week, and then I
然后我不得不去佛罗里达州看我女儿在宗教改革 had to go to Florida to see my daughter sing in the Reformation Chorale, and
合唱团的演出，我还得帮助我的父母和其他事 then I also had to help my folks out and stuff, so I've been really busy. I
情，所以我真的很忙。我很抱歉，过去几周没有发布 apologize, haven't gotten any videos out the last couple of weeks, but I'm going to
任何视频，但我会真的努力更频繁地做这件事 really try to do that more frequently, and I wanted to thank people for the
，我想感谢人们发来鼓励的电子邮件，告诉 encouraging emails they sent, telling me they miss the videos, so I do
我他们想念这些视频，所以我很感激。好的，那 appreciate that. Okay, so today, the Westminster Confession, Chapter 1.3, the
么今天，《威斯敏斯特信条》第1章第3条，通 books commonly called Apocrypha, not being of divine inspiration, are no part
常称为旁经的书卷，不是出于神的默示，不是正典 of the canon of Scripture, and therefore are of no authority in the Church of God,
圣经的一部分，因此在神的教会中没有权威，也不 nor to be any otherwise approved or made use of than other human writings. So the
能被认可或使用，就像其他人的著作一样。旁经 books of the Apocrypha, they are normally spoken of, listed as seven additional
的书卷，通常被提及，被列为罗马公教会旧 books that are included in the Roman Catholic Church's canon of the Old
约正典中额外包含的七卷书，新教徒不接受这些 Testament, and Protestants don't accept these, and the primary reason, if you
，如果你想了解其中的主要原因，我们为什 want to understand that, what is the reason that we do not believe these
么不相信这些书卷不是圣经的一部分？原因就是它们不是默示的。 books are not part of Scripture? Well, the reason is they are not inspired.
它们不是默示的经文，需要注意的一点是， They're not inspired Scripture, and one thing that is important to note is that
旁经书本身，如第一、二马加比书，犹滴书， the Apocryphal books themselves, you know, 1st and 2nd Maccabees, and Judith, Tobit,
多比书，所罗门的智慧，德训篇，但以 the Wisdom of Solomon, Ecclesiasticus, Bell and the Dragon, which is an
理书的附篇「巴力与大龙」，耶利米书的 additional chapter in the book of Daniel, Baruch, an appendix to the book of
附录巴鲁书等(可能还遗漏了一两卷)，这些 Jeremiah, and I might be leaving one or two of them off, but these books deny that
书都否认自己是默示的。它们自己说， they're inspired. They themselves say that there has been a cessation of
以色列不再有先知，神不再藉先知向祂的 prophecy in Israel, that God is not speaking to his people through prophets
子民说话。犹太人从未相信旁经是圣经的一 any longer, and the Jewish people never believed that the Apocrypha were part of
部分。他们知道玛拉基是神差遣给他们的最 Scripture. They knew that Malachi was the final Old Testament prophet that God
后一位旧约先知，事实上，神不再藉先知向 had sent them, and that as a matter of fact, God was no longer speaking to his
祂的子民说话。因此，在早期教会，有些早 people through prophets, and so the Apocrypha, in the early church, there were
期基督徒认为旁经是旧约的一部分，主要原 early Christians who did think that the Apocrypha was part of the Old Testament,
因是它通常包含在他们拥有的希腊文旧约 and the primary reason for that was it was usually included in copies of the
「七十士译本」中。「七十士译本」常用大写 Greek Old Testament that they had, the Septuagint version. It's often abbreviated
的罗马数字 LXX 缩写，因为据说有 with LXX, capital LXX, because that's the Roman numeral for 70, because 70
七十位学者将希伯来文旧约翻译成希腊文 scholars supposedly translated the Old Testament Hebrew into Greek, and the
。希腊文「七十士译本」实际上是早期教会 Greek Septuagint, or Septuagint, whatever you want to call it, the LXX, that is
的圣经，因为他们说希腊语，所以他们 really the Bible of the early church, because they spoke Greek, and so
从那个希腊文译本中诵读。在活字印刷等 they read from that Greek translation, and many of their copies, and this is
发明之前，如果制作一本书，通常会在其中 obviously long before movable type and things like that, so if you made a book,
包含其他书籍，尽可能多地收录内容。因此 you would often include other books in it, as many things as you could for that
，许多「七十士译本」的抄本都包含旁经， that copy of the book, and so they would put other things in it. A lot of copies
所以在早期几个世纪，确实有一些教父和人 of the Septuagint have the Apocrypha in them, and so you do get quotations from
士的引文，似乎认为旁经是圣经的一部分。 church fathers and people in the early centuries who seemed to think that the
然而，这是一个有据可查的事实，亚他那修并 Apocrypha was part of Scripture. However, it is a documented fact, Athanasius did
不认为旁经是旧约正典的一部分。俄利根也 not believe that the Apocrypha was part of the Old Testament canon. Origen did
不认为旁经是正典的一部分。耶柔米也不认 not believe the Apocrypha was part of the canon. Jerome did not, and Origen of
为。亚历山大的俄利根，他大约生活在公元 Alexandria, whose dates are roughly 185 or so to about 255 AD, he is one of the
185年至255年左右，是早期教会中 very few who knows Hebrew in the early church, and Jerome is another one who
极少数懂希伯来语的人之一，耶柔米是另一 knows Hebrew. He studied Hebrew with rabbis in Jerusalem, and he's the one who
位懂希伯来语的人。他在耶路撒冷跟犹太拉 translated the Bible into Latin, and the thing is, historically, the more that a
比学习希伯来语，是将圣经翻译成拉丁文的 Christian bishop or a Bible teacher, the more that they knew about the Jews and
人。从历史上看，一位基督教主教或圣经 about the Jewish backgrounds, the less likely they were to think that the
教师对犹太人和犹太背景了解得越多，就越不 Apocrypha was part of Scripture. The fact of the matter is, though, the Jews did not
可能认为旁经是圣经的一部分。事实上，犹 believe that the Apocrypha was part of the Word of God, and these are books that
太人并不相信旁经是神的道的一部分 were written during the intertestamental period, the approximately
，这些书是在两约之间的时期写成的，大 400 years between the death of the Prophet Malachi and the coming of John
约是先知玛拉基去世到施洗约翰出现之间的4 the Baptist. That 400 year period, that's when the Apocrypha books are written. Now,
00年。旁经书就是在这400年间写成的 the Apocrypha is never cited in these scriptures. It's never cited. And people
。旁经从未在圣经中被引用过。有人会说 will say, well, there's other books of the Old Testament that aren't cited
，旧约中也有其他书卷没有被引用，比如以斯 either in the Old Testament, like Esther is never quoted with, thus saith the Lord
帖记在新约中从未被引用为「耶和华如此说」 in the New Testament. Which, that is true, and it's also irrelevant, because Esther,
。这是事实，但也无关紧要，因为以斯帖记 like 2 Chronicles, like the Song of Solomon, is part of the Law, the Prophets,
和历代志下、雅歌一样，都是耶稣自己使用的 and the Writings, the threefold division that Jesus himself used. Jesus used that
律法、先知书和著作的三分法的一部分。耶稣在路加福音 第24章使用了这个分法。祂提到律法、先知书和著作。 division in Luke chapter 24. He refers to the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings.
「重要的是要知道，旁经的书卷并不属于这 And it's important to know that the books of the Apocrypha are not part of
个分类。以斯帖记、雅歌和其他在新约中没有 that division. Esther and Song of Solomon and other Old Testament books that
被引用为经文的旧约书卷，都属于耶稣所承 aren't cited as Scripture in the New Testament were part of that threefold
认的那三部分经文，就是律法书、先知书和诗篇。」 division that's acknowledged by Jesus, the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings.
我经常向那些认为旁经实际上是旧约正典一部分 One of the things I've often pointed out to folks who do think the Apocrypha is
的人指出，旁经《德训篇》的序言引用了律法、 actually part of the Old Testament canon is the prologue to the Apocryphal book
先知书和著作。问题是，《德训篇》怎么可能 of Ecclesiasticus cites the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings. Question, how
是律法、先知书和著作的一部分，而它承认这 can Ecclesiasticus be part of the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings when it
是已经存在的旧约书卷的三重正典划分 acknowledges that's a threefold canonical division of Old Testament
呢？这没有任何意义。现在，旁经书在旧约中偶 books that already exists? Okay, it doesn't make any sense. Now, the Apocryphal
尔被提及，但从未被引用为经文。它们从未与 books are alluded to here and there in the Old Testament, but they are never
希腊动词gegrepti一起被引用 quoted as Scripture. They are never quoted with the the Greek verb
，意思是"经上记着"。这是新约作者通常引用 gegrepti, which means it is written. It stands written, quote. That's how the New
旧约的方式，虽然不总是如此，但通常是" Testament writers typically, not always, but typically quote from the Old
经上记着，经上记着，gegrepti"。犹 Testament, it is written, it is written, gegrepti. Now, the Jewish people did not
太人不相信旁经是旧约正典的一部分。为什 believe that the Apocrypha was part of the Old Testament canon. Why is that
么这很重要？这很重要，因为在罗马书第3 significant? Well, it's significant because in Romans chapter 3, Paul asks
章，保罗提出了一个问题，好吧，如果受割 the question, okay, well, if being circumcised didn't guarantee you eternal
礼不能保证你得永生，如果作为一个犹太人不能 life and if being a Jew didn't guarantee that you were going to go to heaven, well
保证你会上天堂，那又有什么好处呢？割礼有 what good is it then? What is the profit of circumcision? And Romans 3 verse 2
什么益处呢？罗马书3章2节说，"凡事都有 says, much in every way, chiefly because to them were committed the oracles of
益处，第一是神的圣言交托他们。"意思是 God, meaning the Jewish people had Scripture. They had the only source of
犹太人有圣经。他们拥有世界上神发声的唯一来 the voice of God in the world. The only source of God speaking in the world was
源。世界上神说话的唯一来源是他们的，就是 theirs, the oracles of God. God did not give Scripture to the Egyptians or the
神的圣言。神没有将圣经赐给埃及人、摩押人、 Moabites or Ammonites or Philistines. He gave Scripture, the oracles of God, the
亚扪人或非利士人。他只将圣经，神的圣言， sayings of God were given only to the Jewish people. That was their chief and
神的话语赐给犹太人。这是他们最大和最高的祝 highest blessing. And I want to tell you, as a Christian, that is also your chief
福。我想告诉你，作为一个基督徒，这也是你 and highest blessing. The fact that you've got one of these, a Bible in your
最大和最高的祝福。你拥有这个，一本用你自己的 own language, in your possession, that is without what is revealed in Scripture, we
语言写成的圣经，在你手中，若没有圣经中所 are lost. Now, the Apocryphal books are not of divine inspiration, therefore
启示的，我们就迷失了。旁经书卷不是神 they're not part of the canon of Scripture. They also have very serious
所默示的，因此不是圣经正典的一部分。它们 errors in them. Now, people have tried to say, well, people try to say there's
也有非常严重的错误。有人试图说，有人试 errors in the Bible. There are not. There's no passage in Scripture that
图说圣经中有错误。没有。没有任何经文能与其 even approximates how bad some of these are. The book of Tobit, the book of Tobit
中一些错误相提并论。《多比传》在6章5-7节中赞同使用魔法。 condones the use of magic in Tobit 6 verses 5 through 7.
托比特记也教导说，赦免罪过是靠人的努力 The book of Tobit also teaches that forgiveness of sins is by human
。托比特记第四章第十一节说，施舍能救人脱离 effort. Tobit 4 verse 11, for alms deliver from all sin. So giving money can
一切罪恶。所以施舍金钱能救你脱离罪恶和死亡 deliver you from sin and from death and will not suffer the soul to go into
，使你的灵魂不至进入黑暗。托比特记第十二章 darkness. Tobit 12 verse 9, for alms deliver us from death and the same is
第九节说，施舍能救我们脱离死亡，能洗净罪恶 that which purges away sin. So, if you want it, and maketh to find mercy in
。所以，如果你想要，就能使你在永生中蒙怜悯。所 everlasting life. So to have eternal life, you need to give money to people. Okay,
以要得永生，你需要把钱施舍给人。这是多么明目 that's, that is such a flagrant error. Okay, money is an offering for the sins
张胆的错谬啊。在玛加比后书第十二章第四十 of the dead in 2nd Maccabees 1243. In making a gathering, he sent 12,000
三节，钱财被用作为死人赎罪的供物。他筹集了 drachmas of silver to Jerusalem for sacrifice to be offered for the sins of
一万二千德拉克马银子，送到耶路撒冷为死者献祭 the dead, thinking well and religiously concerning the resurrection. There are
赎罪，这是出于他对复活的美好虔诚的思想。旁经 also serious historical errors in the the apocryphal books. My favorite one is
中也有严重的历史错误。我最喜欢的一个是这个 this one, Judith, the book of Judith chapter 1 verse 5 says, now in the 12th
，犹滴传第一章第五节说，亚述王尼布甲尼撒在位第 year of his reign, Nebuchadnezzar, king of the Assyrians who reigned in Nineveh,
十二年，他在大城尼尼微作王，攻打亚法撒，战胜了他。等等。 the great city, fought against Arphaxad and overcame him. Okay, hold on.
尼布甲尼撒是巴比伦的王，在巴比伦执政。他们把 Nebuchadnezzar was the king of Babylon who reigned from Babylon. They've got him
他归到了错误的帝国。尼布甲尼撒不是亚述人 over the wrong empire. Nebuchadnezzar was not king of the Assyrians and he
的王，也没有在尼尼微执政。尼尼微是亚述的首都。 didn't reign from Nineveh. Nineveh is the capital of Assyria. So, wrong empire for
所以，对尼布甲尼撒来说是错误的帝国。还有其他 Nebuchadnezzar. And there's others. My favorite apocryphal passage is the final
的。我最喜欢的旁经段落是《马加比后书》的最后 three verses of 2nd Maccabees. Listen, quote, since my Canor's doings ended in
三节。听着，引用，「既然加诺的事以这样的方 this way with the city remaining in possession of the Hebrews from that time
式结束，城市从那时起仍然由希伯来人占据，我也 on, I will bring my story to an end here too. If it is well written and to the
要在这里结束我的故事。如果写得好，切中要点， point, that is what I intended. If it is poorly done and mediocre, that is the
那就是我的本意。如果做得不好，平庸无奇，那是 best I could do. Just as it is unpleasant to drink wine by itself or just water
我尽了最大努力。」正如单独喝酒或白开水 whereas wine mixed with water makes a delightful and pleasant pleasing
令人不快，而酒与水混合则使人愉悦，一个技巧 drink, so a skillfully composed story delights the ears of those who read the
高超的故事也能取悦读者的耳朵。让这成为结束 work. Let this then be the end. So, if he didn't do a good job recording the
吧。所以，如果他没有很好地记录这里的历史，那 history here, well, it's the best he could do. It doesn't have the the mark of
么，这已经是他尽了最大努力。它没有「耶和华 thus sayeth the Lord to it. Okay, now there's a lot more that we can we can
如此说」的标记。好了，我们还可以指出更多 point out here. The fact that Matt, well we won't get into all the stuff
。马太，好吧，我们不会涉及所有我想要保持相 I want to keep this relatively short here, but the primary reason the primary
对简短的内容，但罗马说这些经卷是圣经的主要 reason that Rome said these books of Scripture is because there's a passage
原因是因为《马加比后书》中有一段话听起来 in 2nd Maccabees that sort of sounds like purgatory, but it would really
有点像炼狱，但这实际上反映了对炼狱的误解，因 reflect a misunderstanding of purgatory because the fighters that were found had
为被发现的战士身上有偶像，而拜偶像是致死的 idols on their persons and idolatry would be a mortal sin, so it wouldn't do
罪，所以为他们祷告也没有任何好处。但他 any good to pray for them anyway. But they were losing that debate on
们在炼狱的辩论中失败了，因为当你查看正典圣 purgatory because when you look in the canonical scriptures, when you look at
经，当你查看神的道时，只有天堂和地狱。 the Word of God, there's heaven and there's hell. There's no purgatory
圣经中没有炼狱。哪里都没有。所以旁经书卷没 anywhere in Scripture. Nowhere. So the apocryphal books were not received by
有被神的子民接受，没有被神的子民当作圣经使用， the people of God, they were not used by the people of God as Scripture, they were
也没有被耶稣承认或当作圣经使用。这就把我们 not acknowledged or used by Jesus as Scripture. And so that brings us to the
带到第三点的结尾，我们将尝试在明天完成第四点 end of point number three, and we'll try to get point number four tomorrow. I'm
。我要让大家知道，我将尝试在明天，星期三 going to let everyone know I'm going to try to do a live program tomorrow,
，下午3点进行一个直播节目。所以，若是主愿意 Wednesday, at 3. So Lord willing, we'll see you then. Thanks for watching or for
，我们到时见。感谢收看或收听。 listening.