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好吧，欢迎大家。 All right, welcome everyone.
正如我所说，我很高兴见到人。 Like I said, I'm glad to see people.
我原以为会有三四个人来。 I was expecting three or four people to show up.
所以啊，这就是美丽的部分。 So yeah, so here's the beautiful part.
我一直在思考这件事。 I've been thinking a lot about this.
所以我不确定会有多少人来。 That's why I wasn't sure how many people would show up.
但你们现在都应该恭喜自己，因为 But all of you right now, you should congratulate yourselves
你们是这次会议上最坚定的圣经学者。 because you are the hardcore biblical scholars at this conference.
让我解释，因为当你回到你的教区，人 Let me explain, because when you get back to your parishes
们问你，你去听了什么讲座时， and people ask you, what talks did you go?
你在会议上学习了什么？ What did you study at the conference?
你会说，我去了，并且研究了目录。 You're going to say, I went and I studied the table of contents.
现在告诉我，如果你对圣经不感兴趣，对 Now tell me, if you're not really into the Bible, right,
吧，你会在所有伟大的讲座中，我希望我能买到、找到并参加其中 you would, of all the great talks, and I wish I could buy, locate, and go to some of them,
一些，你却选择了目录。 you picked the table of contents.
真为你高兴，知道我不是世界上唯一的书呆子，感觉很好。 So good for you, and it's nice to know I'm not the only nerd in the world.
然而，目录极其重要，因为它 But that being said, the table of contents is incredibly important
是如此根本。 because it's so foundational.
换句话说，你需要知道哪些书是神的道，哪些不是。 In other words, you need to know which books are the word of God and which ones aren't.
因为如果你有不被默示的经书，你 Because if you have books in Scripture that aren't inspired,
要如何建立你的神学呢？ how are you going to base your theology?
你的神学会大错特错。 Your theology will be way off.
或者，如果你的圣经缺少了 Or, if your Bible's missing inspired books,
默示的书卷，那也会缺少神的启示。 there's divine revelation that will also be missing.
所以，对于神学来说，确保你拥有所有那 So it's very pivotal for theology to make sure, at the ground level,
些书籍，并且只有那些圣灵希 that you have all those books and only those books
望被写成文字的书籍，是非常关键的。 which the Holy Spirit wished to be consigned to writing.
阿们？ Amen?
好的，顺便说一下，这也是一个对 All right, so it's also, by the way, an explosive topic
我们与塞浦路斯弟兄和新教徒交谈时 for those who talk to our Cypriot brethren, to Protestants,
的爆炸性话题，因为新教徒对旧约正典的看法 because Protestants don't share the same view on the Old Testament canon,
不同，我稍后也会谈到这一点。 and I'll talk about that in a second as well.
所以，我认为，对于公教会和新教的护教学 So that's, for my money, I think, for Catholic Protestant apologetics,
来说，旧约正典的问题是关键。 the issue of the Old Testament canon is pivotal.
现在，我已经抛出了一个词。 Now, I've already thrown out a term.
我们需要从定义术语开始。 We need to start with defining terms.
所以我在演讲前和几个人谈过。 So I've talked to a few people before the talk.
你们中有些人不熟悉这个主题。 Some of you are not familiar with the subject.
你们中有些人非常先进。 Some of you are very advanced.
所以请耐心等候。 So please be patient.
我会尽力把这一切赶上进度，好吗？ I'm going to try to bring this all up to speed, okay?
那么让我们先定义术语。 So let's start by defining terms.
我已经用了「正典」这个词。 I already used the word canon.
目录是思考正典的一个好方法。 And the table of contents is a good way to think of a canon.
正典基本上是默示著作的范围。 The canon basically is the extent of inspired writings.
默示著作的范围。 The extent of inspired writings.
所以，神通过启发一定数量的书籍，客观地制定了正典。 So in a way, God makes the canon objectively by inspiring a set number of books.
凡是默示的书都是正典， So all the books that are inspired are canonical,
凡不是默示的书都不是正典。 and any book that's not inspired is not canonical.
这不属于圣经。 It doesn't belong in the Bible.
大家都跟上了吗？阿们？ Everybody with me? Amen?
好吧，非常好。 All right, very good.
我要使用提姆·斯台普斯的方法来肯定命题。 I'm going to use the Tim Staples method of affirming propositions.
好吧。 All right.
那么，什么是默示的意思呢？ So what does it mean to be inspired?
如果你要得到启发，这不是你该去的讲座。 Well, if you're going to be inspired, this is the wrong talk to go to be inspired.
因为当我谈论启发时，我 Because when I'm going to be talking about inspiration,
不是在谈论动机。 I'm not talking about motivation.
我不是在说获得好感觉并想做些好事。 I'm not talking about getting good feelings and wanting to do something good.
我在技术上使用它。 I'm using it in a technical sense.
所以这是非常重要的。 So that's very important.
人们常常混淆，因为有人读了班扬的《天路历程 People get this mixed up because somebody could read Bunyan's Pilgrim Progress
》或《魔戒》而在信心上得到启发。 or The Lord of the Rings and get inspired in their faith.
但这并不意味着《魔戒》属于圣经。 But that doesn't mean The Lord of the Rings belongs in the Bible.
这两者之间有很大的区别。 There's a big difference between the two.
所以，当我们在这次谈话中谈到 So when we talk about inspiration in this talk,
启发时，我们的意思很简单，就是圣灵是这工作的主要作者。 very simply what we mean is that the Holy Spirit is the primary author of the work.
所以圣经里其实有两个作者。 So there are actually two authors in the Bible.
有神，圣灵是主要的作者。 There is God, the Holy Spirit, who's the primary author.
所以凡圣灵愿意写下的事，都已 So all those things and only those things the Holy Spirit wished to consign to writing
写在经上。 was consigned in Scripture.
所以圣灵可以看圣经，看圣经里的每一个字，说： So the Holy Spirit can look at the Bible, look at every word in the Bible,
「这是我的。」 and say, that's mine.
同时，也有次要的作者，就是人类的作者。 At the same time, there is also the secondary author, the human author.
那人作者受圣灵默示而写。 And the human author is inspired by the Holy Spirit to write.
他使用了他平常所有的手段。 And he uses all the agencies that he normally has.
所以他依靠自己的记忆。 So he relies on his own human memory.
他依靠自己的文采曲折。 He relies on his own literary twists and turns.
他也是默示经文的真实作者。 And he's an authentic author of Scripture as well.
于是那人作者可以看着他刚写的书说，这是我的。 So the human author can look at the book that he just wrote and say, this is mine.
所以经文是奥秘的，因为它实际上有两位作者写了一切。 So Scripture is a mysterious thing because it actually has two authors who wrote everything.
顺便说一句，这就是为什么当你读圣经的书卷时， And by the way, that's why when you read the books of the Bible,
不同的书卷听起来不同。 different books sound different.
对我来说，士师记听起来几乎像是穴居人说话， Like to me, the book of Judges sounds almost like caveman talk,
非常生硬，原始。 very blocky, primitive.
但你若读智慧书，便知其美。 But if you read the book of Wisdom, it's beautiful.
真是美好。 It's wonderful.
听起来完全不同，因为是两个不同的作者，虽然是人 Don't sound anything alike because the two different authors, human authors,
写的，但都是神的道。 yet they're both the Word of God.
他们都是受圣灵默示的。 They're both inspired by the Holy Spirit.
好吧，那我们来谈谈正典。 All right, so let's talk a little bit about canon.
然后我们就进入有趣的部分。 And then we'll jump into the fun stuff.
好吧。 All right.
我要在旧约中划 I'm going to make a division within the Old Testament
分正典书和次经书。 between proto-canonical books and deuterocanonical books.
如今，这分裂在启发或其他方 Now, this division is not any different in terms of inspiration
面并无不同。 or anything of the like.
这只是分裂的一种方式。 It's just a way to divide.
如同律法、先知书和圣卷是分开的。 Like the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings are divisions.
或者你可以选择智慧书对历史书。 Or you could have the sapiential books versus the historical books.
只是分类事物的方法。 Just ways of categorizing things.
它们都是神的道。 They're all the Word of God.
它们都是默示的。 They're all inspired.
现在，好吧，公教会、东正教、新教和犹太教的圣经 Now, okay, the books that are found in Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant,
中都有这些书，我们都共享这些书。 and Jewish Bibles, we all share these books.
这些是正经的书卷。 These are the books of the proto-canon.
好的，正典，正典书。 Okay, the proto-canon, proto-canonical books.
那些书是我们大家共同拥有的，犹太人、新教徒、公教徒、 Those are books that we all share together, Jews, Protestants, Catholics,
东正教徒。 the Orthodox.
有三十九卷书。 There's 39 books.
现在，有七本旧约书卷在公教会和东正教的圣 Now, there are seven Old Testament books that are found in Catholic
经中可以找到，但在新教或犹太教的圣经中找不到。 and Orthodox Bibles, but they're not found in Protestant or Jewish Bibles.
这些书，公教徒和东正教徒称为次经，这是 These books, Catholics and Orthodox, call deuterocanonical,
一个希腊语的术语，意思是第二正典。 which is just a fancy Greek term for second canon.
再者，对我们来说，这只是经文中的一个分段。 And again, for us, it's just a division within Scripture.
这与是否少了默示无关。 It doesn't have anything to do with it being less inspired or anything like that.
所以如果我说次经，我指的是旧约中的七本书， So if I say deuterocanonical books, I'm talking about seven Old Testament books,
现在再说一遍。 and here they are again.
它们在犹太和新教的圣经中被省略了。 They're omitted in Jewish and Protestant Bibles.
智慧书、西拉书、多比书、犹滴书、巴录书、马加比上、 The books of Wisdom, Sirach, Tobit, Judith, Baruch, 1 and 2 Maccabees,
马加比下，还有更长的但以理书和以斯帖记。 and also we have longer versions of Daniel and Esther.
所以，如果你认识一个自称为圣经狂热者的人 So if you know somebody who's a self-styled Bible thumper,
，告诉他们应该成为公教徒，这样他们就有更多的圣经可 tell them they should become Catholics so they have more Bible to thump
以敲打，因为他们没有这些书。 because they don't have these books.
现在，我们包括它们，因为它们是默示的。 Now, we include them because they're inspired.
新教徒和犹太人不包括它们，至 Protestant and Jewish people don't include them,
少不作为正典的一部分，因为他们否认其启发性。 at least not as part of the canon because they deny the inspiration.
他们有一个不同的术语，那就是旁经。 They have a different term, and that's apocrypha.
旁经只是指隐藏的意思。 Apocrypha just means hidden.
这些书在教会中不作为经文公开诵读。 These are books that aren't publicly read as Scripture in the church.
这是一个非常糟糕的词。 And this is a really poor term.
即使新教徒也承认次经并不真正符合旁经的称呼。 Even Protestants admit that the deuterocanon doesn't really fit the term apocrypha.
所以这次谈话的本质就是这 So that's what this talk's going to be, essentially,
样，只是我要换个角度。 except I'm going to put a different spin.
我告诉你们，这是一个有趣的讲座，因为这是应用圣经研究的讲座 I tell you, this is an interesting talk because this is applied biblical studies talk,
，我希望你们在人类的意义上受到启发。 and I want you to be inspired in the human sense.
我愿你甘心深入神的道。 I want you to be willing to dive into the Word of God.
你怎么能用目录来做那件事，对吗？ How can you do that with a table of contents, right?
这就是我的目标。 So this is what I'm aiming for.
好吧，现在，我写了一本书。 Okay, now, I wrote a book.
这本书名为《次经的辩护》。 It's called A Case for the Deuterocanon.
是时候做个便宜的宣传了。 It's time for a cheap plug.
这本书的来历真有趣。 It's interesting how this book came about.
多年前，我与一位最著名的反天主教人士辩论过，我不 Years ago, I did a debate against one of the most prominent anti-Catholic persons out there,
会提到詹姆斯·怀特的名字。 and I'm not going to mention James White's name.
但辩论的论题是旁经不是圣经。 But the thesis of the debate was that the apocrypha is not Scripture.
我去参加辩论，并且作为公教徒同意了这个论点。 And I went to the debate, and I agreed with the thesis as a Catholic.
我说旁经不是圣经，但次经不是旁经，对吗？ I said the apocrypha is not Scripture, but the deuterocanon is not apocrypha, right?
那就是我的立场。 So that was my position.
我觉得还挺顺利的。 And I think it went pretty well.
事情进展得很顺利。 It went pretty well.
有许多新教徒感兴趣，之后来到我的桌前，提出了一些真诚的问题。 Got a lot of Protestants who were interested, came up to my table afterwards with some sincere questions.
所以我想，这确实是一个重要的话题。 So I thought, well, you know, this is an important topic.
回旋镖，不是吗？ Boomerang, wouldn't it?
哎呀，如果这是他们从经文中能做的最好，那这个人可能就是弥赛亚，对吗？ Gee, if that's the best they can do from Scripture, maybe this guy is the Messiah, right?
但他们引用了《智慧书》。 But they quote the Book of Wisdom.
那是什么意思呢？ So what does that imply?
智慧被认为是有权威的。 Wisdom was considered authoritative.
这被认为是经文，若不是所有犹太人，至少耶稣和他的门徒是这样认为的。 It was considered Scripture, if not by all the Jews, certainly by Jesus and his disciples.
你明白这是如何运作的吗？ So you see how it works?
这些经文的使用方式表明它们不仅仅是人类的文献。 How these texts are used shows you that these are more than just mere human documents.
这是我最近发现的一个。 Here's one that I recently discovered.
我竟然在新教的注释书中发现了它。 And I discovered it in, of all things, Protestant commentaries.
正如我所说，为什么只限于引用，而不使用参考呢？ Like I said, why limit to quotations when you could use references?
现在，我不知道你们是否知道，但在希伯来 Now, I don't know if you guys know this, but in Hebrews 11,
书第十一章，我相信你们知道这是伟大 I'm sure you'd know that it's the great hall of faith,
的信心殿堂，列出了所有旧约的 where it lists all the Old Testament saints,
圣徒，从亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各、撒拉、大 beginning with Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Sarah, David, Jephthah,
卫、耶弗他开始，贯穿整个名人堂。 just goes through this whole hall of fame.
在希伯来书十一章三十五节下半部分，三十五节 That in Hebrews 11, 35, the second half, so it's 35b, it says this,
下，说：「又有人忍受严刑，不肯苟 And others were tortured, not accepting their release,
且得释放，为要得着更美的复活。」 so that they might obtain a better resurrection.
那是在指谁？ Who is that referencing?
现在，有件奇怪的事。 Now, here's the curious thing.
这给了我们三个线索，对吗？ It gives us three clues, right?
无论是谁被提到，他们受了折 Whoever's being referenced, they were tortured,
磨，他们被给予释放的机 they were offered a chance to be released,
会，明确是为了复活。 explicitly for the resurrection.
换句话说，他们拒绝被释放 In other words, they refused to be released
，因为他们知道在末日他们的身体将会复活。 because they knew their bodies would rise again at the end of time.
那么，旧约中谁应验了这事呢？ Now, who in the Old Testament fulfills this?
如果你有一本现代的新教圣 If you have a Protestant Bible, a modern one,
经，没有所谓的旁经 without the so-called apocrypha,
，你不会找到任何一个人能满足这三个标志。 you won't find anyone who can satisfy all three of those markers.
旧约中没有人。 There is no one in the Old Testament.
但若你有一本公教会或东正教的圣经，你猜怎么着？ But if you have a Catholic or an Orthodox Bible, guess what?
你在《马加比二书》第六章到第七 You find this reference in 2 Maccabees 6-7,
章中找到这个参考，马 where the Maccabean martyrs,
加比殉道者，他们在我的下一个工作坊中我们会更多地谈 which in my next workshop we'll talk more about the Maccabean martyrs,
论马加比殉道者，被折磨 were tortured, refused release,
，拒绝释放，为了更美好的复活。 for the sake of a better resurrection.
正如这里十一章三十五节所描述的。 Exactly what it's described here in 11, 35.
你猜怎么着？旧的新教圣经有交叉参考。 And guess what? Old Protestant Bibles have cross-references.
于是他们承认《马加比二书》被使用。 So they recognized 2 Maccabees as being used.
现在，我认为，表面上 Now, I think, on the surface,
看，这是怀疑他们相信《马加比二书》是默示的一个好理由。 that's a good reason to suspect that they believe 2 Maccabees was inspired.
毕竟，这些圣经人物都被列出来了。 After all, you have all these biblical figures being listed.
如果他们列出一个不在圣经里的人，那就奇怪了。 It would be strange if they listed somebody who wasn't in the Bible.
所以我认为你有一个论点。 So I think you have an argument there.
但其实，神祝福反天主教的人。 But actually, God bless anti-Catholics.
我爱反天主教的人。 I love anti-Catholics.
因为我在新约使用上被一个反天 Because I was challenged by an anti-Catholic on this,
主教的人挑战了。 on the New Testament use.
于是我就挖掘了。 And that made me dig.
我在希伯来书十一章发现了一些非常有趣的事情。 And I uncovered something very interesting here in Hebrews 11.
我发现的是一个正式的参考。 What I uncovered was a formal reference.
现在，记得我之前说过的正式引用，比 Now, remember back I was saying a formal reference,
如「经上记着说，主如此说」。 like, it is written, thus saith the Lord.
其实在希伯来书十一章里。 It's actually there in Hebrews 11.
但它有点隐藏。 But it's kind of hidden.
这些新教学者看到了， And so these Protestant scholars see it,
却没有把两者联系起来。 but they don't put two and two together.
好吧，让我慢慢解释，我 Okay, so let me walk through this slowly,
会告诉你我的意思。 and I'll show you what I mean.
信心的殿堂以「这信心是有见证 The Hall of Faith is introduced with the words,
的」开头。 it is attested.
因为古人在这信心上得了美好的证据。 For by it, by faith, the men of old gained approval.
新美国圣经就是这样写的。 That's how it is in the New American Bible.
其他圣经会有，比如说，确实可靠。 Other Bibles will have, like, well attested.
希腊词是「殉道」。 The Greek word is martyrio.
你不必记住殉道， You don't have to memorize martyrio,
但只要知道这道， but just know that the word, by it,
古人因此得了称赞。 the men of old gained approval.
得了称许是殉道。 Gained approval is martyrio.
这是出自威廉·L·莱恩编辑的《希 Now, this is from the Word Biblical Commentary
伯来书注释》的《圣经注释》。 edited by William L. Lane for Hebrews.
他注意到，非常有趣 And what he notices, very interesting,
的是，那动 is that word martyrio,
词「见证」在希伯来书中用了七次。 that verb is used seven times in the Epistle of Hebrews.
他在这里给你参考资料， And he gives you the references here,
所以如果你想拿出手机， so if you want to grab your cell phone,
快速拍一张。 take a quick shot.
这里是所有使用那个词的经文。 There are all the references where that word is used.
你要注意他说的话。 And notice what he says.
他说，每一次 He says, in each instance,
提到的都是圣经记录的见证。 the reference is to the witness of the Biblical record.
哦，那很有趣。 Oh, that's interesting.
事实上，在希伯来书中， In fact, in the Epistle of Hebrews,
他用「见证」来引入旧约的引用，就 he uses martyrio to introduce Old Testament quotes
像「经上记着」 akin to it is written,
，只是他说「见证」。 only he says it is testified.
你看见了吗？ You see that?
所以这是在希伯来 So that's a formal introduction
书中专门用于经文的正式介绍。 that's used for Scripture exclusively in Hebrews.
好吧，加里，真了不起。 Okay, Gary, big deal.
所以那一节经文有那个词。 So that one verse has that word.
这与希伯来书十一章三十五节下半句有什么关系，对吗？ What does that have to do with Hebrews 11.35b, right?
很高兴你问了。 Glad you asked.
因为在希伯来书十一章三十九节末 Because it's also used, that very same word,
了，也用了同一个字。 at the end in Hebrews 11.39.
经上说， It says, yet all these,
这些人，虽因信心 all these people that were just mentioned,
得了称许，却 approved because of their faith,
未得着神所应许的。 did not receive what God had promised.
那被认可的词是martyrio，就是同一个词。 That word approved is martyrio, the same word.
殉道者在名单的开头， Martyrio at the beginning of the list,
殉道者在名单的末尾。 martyrio at the end of the list.
好，现在大家都跟上了吗？ Okay, now, everybody with me so far?
好吧，因为我们进入了技术领域。 Okay, because we are getting into technical waters.
现在，有趣的事情来了。 Now, here's the interesting thing.
学者们承认这是所谓的「首尾呼应」， Scholars recognize that this is what's called an inclusio,
这是一个你可以和朋友们使用的高雅术语。 which is a real fancy term that you can use with your friends.
基本上，包围结构是标记文本段落的方式。 And basically an inclusio is what marks off the sections in text.
想象一下，就像书挡一样。 Think of it like bookends.
你知道吗，如果你有一个带书挡的书架 You know, if you have a bookshelf with bookends,
，包围结构就像是两个书挡把中间的书包围起来。 inclusio is two bookends that enclose the books in between.
现在，把这一切放 Now, put this all together,
在一起，你在新教学术中找不到 which you don't find in Protestant scholarship,
的，你会发现所有列出的人都得到了证明。 what you find is all those who are listed are attested.
凡受试炼的，都是圣经中的人。 All those who are tested are people in the Bible.
马加比书是有记载的。 Maccabees is attested.
所以，马加比殉道者在希伯来书的圣经中。 Therefore, the Maccabean martyrs are in the author of Hebrew's Bible.
这相当于「经上记着说」。 This is the equivalent of it is written.
但这有点隐藏。 But it's kind of hidden, though.
你得稍微引导一下。 You kind of have to tease it out a little bit.
你看见了吗？ You see that?
所以我们知道，希伯来书的默示作者，他的 So we know that the inspired author of Hebrews, his Bible,
圣经里有马加比殉道者。 had the Maccabean martyrs in it.
阿们？ Amen?
这是否意味着它是默示的经文？ Does that mean it's inspired scripture?
是的，确实如此。 Yeah, it does.
他在他们和别人之间并无分别。 And he makes no qualification between them and the others.
好吧，继续前行。 Okay, moving on.
好吧。 All right.
次经的预言性质是第二层次的论据。 A second-line argument, the prophetic nature of the Deuterocanon.
这个可能不太确定。 This one's maybe not quite as a lock.
顺便说一下，还有许多其他例子。 And, by the way, there's many other instances as well.
如果你想要那些，你可以得到次经的案卷。 If you want those, you can get the case for the Deuterocanon.
另外，我有一个叫做「旁经启示录」的You Also, I have a YouTube channel called the Apocrypha Apocalypse,
Tube频道，这是一个最糟糕的标题，因 the worst possible title you can have for a YouTube channel
为没有人能正确理解。 because no one gets it right.
你也可以在YouTube上输入我的名字，就会出现。 Or you could just type my name in YouTube and it'll come up.
我们正在制作视频，解析次经的问题和内容。 And we're doing videos where we're breaking down the issues of the Deuterocanon and stuff.
所以，如果你想要更多，里面有很多东西。 So if you want more, there's tons of stuff in there.
或者你可以拿那个箱子。 Or you could get the case.
好东西。 Good stuff.
好的，预言性质。 Okay, prophetic nature.
次经所言关于神的事，我认为远超任何人类文献。 The Deuterocanon says things about God that I think go way beyond any mere human document.
如今，这一切都是在基督之前写的。 Now, all these were written before the time of Christ.
我认为这是一个很好的指示，既然他们不能从 And I think this is a good indication that since they can't learn it from nature,
自然中学到这些，也没有在所有人都接 and there's nothing in the protocanon, those books everybody accepts,
受的正经中找到线索，那么 that could give them a clue about these things,
这必定是来自神，因为在新约中得到了确认。 then it has to come from God because it's affirmed in the New Testament.
好吧？ Okay?
现在，这是1611年钦定版圣经中的另一段。 Now, here's another snippet from the 1611 King James Bible.
还有其他新教译本也有这些经文对照。 There's other Protestant translations also have these cross-references.
这是希伯来书一章三节。 This is the Hebrews 1.3.
我想，它有一个参考到《智慧篇》七章二十六节。 It has a cross-reference to Wisdom 7.26, I think.
好吧，要么是二十六，要么是二十七，我看不清。 All right, either 26 or 27, I can't see.
好吧，我们快速看一下这几个。 Okay, so let's look at a couple of these really quick.
巴录书三章三十五至三十八节。 Book of Baruch 3.35-38.
如今，现代圣经翻译把这弄得一团糟。 Now, modern Bible translations butcher this.
他们屠宰这段文字。 They butcher this text.
那么，如果你有一本新美国圣经，这里有多少人使用新美国圣经？ So if you have a New American Bible, how many people here use the New American Bible?
好吧，如果你用了它却没有举手，我不怪你。 Okay, if you do use it and you didn't raise your hand, I don't blame you.
连新修订公教会版也没有正确理解。 Even New Revised Catholic Edition doesn't get it right.
这是出自钦定本。 This is from the King James.
这是钦定版旁经的翻译。 This is the King James Apocrypha translation.
所以这其实是一个新教徒，但他们确实说对了。 So this is actually a Protestant, but they get it right, though.
他们的希腊文是对的。 They get the Greek right.
经上 It says,
说：「这是我们的神，除他以外，再无可比的。」 This is our God, and there is none other be accounted in comparison of him.
他已寻得一切知识之道。 He hath found all the ways of knowledge.
他将这地赐给他的仆人雅各，和他所爱的以色列。 He has given it unto Jacob his servant, and Israel his beloved.
请注意这里所说的。 Now notice what it says here.
后来他在地上显现，与人交谈。 Afterwards did he show himself upon earth and conversed with men.
嗯。 Hmm.
神何时降临世间与人交谈？ When did God appear on earth and converse with men?
我以为没有人能见神而存活。 I thought no one could see God and live.
其实，约翰说从来没有人看见过神。 In fact, John says no one has ever seen God.
于是他确认了。 So he confirms.
在旧约中，没有人见过神。 No one's ever seen God in the Old Testament.
神何时降临世间与我们交谈？ When did God appear on earth and converse with us?
在耶稣基督里，对吗？ In Jesus Christ, right?
所以在一本次经书中，你有 So here you have a prophetic, predictive prophecy
一个关于道成肉身的预言性预言。 in a Deuterocanonical book concerning the Incarnation.
顺便问一下，你认为早期教父们看到这个并接受了吗？ And by the way, do you think the early church fathers saw this and ran with it?
你说得对，对吧？ You betcha, right?
好吧，这里还有一个。 Okay, here's another one.
若有人想检查视力，你们可以试试这样做。 If anybody wants to check their eyesight, you know, you could try to do this.
我事工前十年的所有幻灯片都是这样的。 This is how all my PowerPoints looked for the first ten years of ministry.
我在组装它时很糟糕。 I was terrible at putting it together.
我这样做是因为这样容易看见。 The reason I have this the way it is is because it's easy to see.
这是智慧书第二章的一部分。 This is a portion of the second chapter of the Book of Wisdom.
你不需要读这些话。 And you don't need to read the words.
我这样做是为了每行都是一节。 I did it so each line is a verse.
此外，每当经文中的某事在新约中得到证实时，我会 Now, in addition to that, whenever something in the verse is confirmed in the New Testament,
用黄色标注参考。 I give the references in yellow.
所以你不必真的读它。只需看黄色部分。 So you don't really have to read it. Just look at the yellow.
注意，几乎每一节经文除了一个在新约中都没有确认。 Notice, like, every verse except one doesn't have a confirmation in the New Testament.
然而，它详细地描 And yet it goes into amazing detail, prolonged detail,
述了义人的逼迫。 about the persecution of the righteous one.
请注意，最后有那段在马太福音二十七章四十三节提到的经文。 And notice at the end it has that text that's referenced in Matthew 27, 43.
这一切都在那个背景中。 It's all in that context.
一份纯粹由人类智慧写成的文件， How can a document that's written purely by human ingenuity
如何能在耶稣降生前几百年就预言如此 come up with such an extended, detailed prophecy about the Messiah
详尽的弥赛亚预言呢？ hundreds of years before Jesus?
嗯。这很有趣。 Hmm. That's interesting.
好的。 Okay.
所以，这并不能证明什么，但确实有点说服力。 So again, it doesn't prove it, but it does kind of, it's a persuasion.
这引导你朝那个方向去，表明智慧中有更多的东西， It moves you in that direction that there's something more going on in wisdom
不仅仅是人的智慧。 than just mere human wisdom.
好吧。 All right.
下一个。 Next.
我最喜欢的之一。 One of my favorites.
对不起，不是故意要震耳欲聋的。 Sorry, didn't mean to blow the ears out.
好吧。 All right.
现在，智慧书第七章，是我在智慧书中最喜欢的章 Now, Wisdom 7, one of my favorite chapters in the book of Wisdom,
节，可能是我在整本圣经中最喜欢的章节，在旧约中。 probably my favorite chapter in the whole Bible, in the Old Testament.
这是在讲神的智慧与他自己的关系。 It's talking about the relationship of God's wisdom to himself.
好吧？ Okay?
很有意思。 Very interesting.
再者，在下一个工作 And again, in the next workshop,
坊中，我将解释这如何与救恩历史相契合。 I'm going to explain how that fits in with salvation history.
但其中描述了智慧。 But in it, it describes wisdom.
经上说，她就是智慧，是永恒之光的辉煌。 It says, for she, that's wisdom, is the refulgence of eternal light.
她的原因是语言上的。 The reason it has she is linguistic.
希腊文中的索菲亚是智慧。 Sophia in Greek is wisdom.
而索菲亚是一个阴性名词。 And Sophia is a feminine noun.
所以你不能说他。 So you can't say he.
你必须说她。 You have to say she.
不要让那混淆你，因为那只是语言学。 Don't let that mix you up because it's just linguistics.
这并不意味着女性化。 It doesn't mean feminine per se.
所以神的智慧是永恒之光的辉煌。 So God's wisdom is the refulgence of eternal light.
那就是他们二人的关系。 That is the relationship of those two.
什么是光辉？ What's refulgence?
这是个奇怪的词。 It's a weird word.
在英语中非常罕见。 Very rare in English.
我们不常用它。 We don't use it a lot.
我认为，钦定本将其译为「光辉」，非常好。 King James renders it, I think, very well as brightness.
神的智慧是永恒之光的光辉。 That the wisdom of God is the brightness of eternal light.
好吧？ Okay?
这是一个在英语中罕见的词。 And it's a rare word in English.
这是一个希腊文中罕见的词。 It's a rare word in Greek.
那里的词是「apagesma」。 The word there is apagesma.
apagesma Apagesma.
在整个希腊圣经中，旧约和新约，apages In the entire Greek Bible, Old and New Testament,
ma 被使用了两次。 apagesma is used twice.
昔日曾经。 Once in the old.
一度在新中。 Once in the new.
曾在智慧书七章二十六节。 Once in Wisdom 7:26.
另一个在希伯来书一章三节。 The other in Hebrews 1:3.
我们起初看到的那个交叉参考。 That cross-reference that we saw at the beginning.
于是新教徒看到了这种联系。 So Protestants saw this connection.
完全相同的希腊词。 The exact same Greek word.
希伯来书谈到的，颇有趣 Hebrews is talking about, interesting enough,
的是，儿子与圣父的关系。 the relationship of the son to the father.
他如何描述那种关系？ And how does he describe that relationship?
子是神荣耀所发的光辉。 The son is the brightness of his glory.
他本体的真像。 The very imprint of his being.
因此，子与父的关系如同光辉与荣耀和智慧的关系。 So the son is related to the father as brightness is to glory and wisdom.
其光辉乃是永恒之光。 Its brightness is to eternal light.
起初看起来并不深奥。 It doesn't seem very profound at first.
但当你回顾教会历史时，这 But when you go through church history,
是非常非常非常重要的。 it's very, very, very important.
为什么？因为有一种异端叫亚略主义。 Why? Because there was a heresy called Arianism.
亚略主义者相信，子在道成肉身之前， The Arians believed that the son, before the incarnation,
是由圣父所创造的。 was created by the father.
所以有一段时间，子是不存在的。 So there was a time where the son was not.
然后圣父创造了圣子，圣子就有了。 And then the father created the son, and then the son was.
既然他是像我们一样的受造 And since he's a creature like us,
物，他就不是同样的本质或性质。 he's not of the same substance or nature.
他在本性上像圣父，但他与圣父不同。 He's like the father in nature, but he's not the same as the father.
好了吗？大家都明白了吗？ Okay? Everybody follow me on that?
那么，如果你不明白，也许这会让你清楚。 Well, if you don't, maybe this will make it clear.
所以早期的教父们在对抗这个关于三位 So the early church fathers, when they're combating this heresy,
一体教义的异端时，这是他们提出的。 about a Trinitarian doctrine, this is what they came up with.
现在，好吧。 Now, all right.
于是永恒的光明和辉煌。 So the eternal light and brightness.
现在，当你想到永恒的光时，想想太阳或火焰。 Now, when you think of eternal light, think of the sun or a flame.
火焰可能更好，对吗？ Flame's probably better, right?
公元前二世纪时，他们没有电灯泡。 They didn't have light bulbs back in 2nd century BC.
那么一团火，好吗？ So a flame, okay?
好吧。火焰发出光亮。 All right. A flame gives off brightness.
现在，你可以从中推断出一些有趣的事情，好吗？ Now, there's some interesting things you could deduce from that, okay?
比如说，如果太阳像神火的光辉，那么让 For example, if the sun is like the brightness to God's fire, if you will,
我问你一个关于火和光的问题。 then let me ask you a question about fire and light.
是火的光辉生出火， Does the brightness of the fire generate the fire,
还是火生出光辉？ or does the fire generate the brightness?
火发出光辉。 The fire generates the brightness.
把它插入智慧篇第七章和希伯来书第一章，猜猜看？ Plug it into Wisdom 7 and Hebrews 1, guess what?
这意味着圣父生圣子。 That means the father generates the son.
子不生父。 The son does not generate the father.
有趣。 Interesting.
这个怎么样？ How about this?
火能没有光亮存在吗？ Can fire exist without brightness?
你能有一种完全不发光的火吗？ Can you have a fire that doesn't give off any brightness whatsoever?
想一想。这有点奇怪。黑色的火焰？ Think about it. It's kind of weird. A black flame?
我的意思是，我甚至不知道那会是什么样子，对吗？ I mean, I don't even know how that would look, right?
不是。光明是由火产生 No. Brightness is generated by the fire,
的，所以如果你没有火，就没有光明 and so if you don't have a fire, you don't have brightness,
，但如果你有火，就有光明。 but if you have a fire, you have brightness.
那么，这对圣父和圣子意味着什么呢？ So what does this mean in terms of the father and the son?
你若有圣父，就有圣子。 If you have the father, you have the son.
换句话说，子与圣父同为永恒 In other words, the son is co-eternal with the father,
，因为这是永恒的光存在。 because it's the eternal light that exists.
你有那永恒的光辉。 You have the eternal brightness that exists.
你看见了吗？ You see that?
所以这个认为圣父在时间中创造圣子 So this idea that the father created the son in time
的观点完全违背了这个比喻。 goes completely against this analogy.
此外，子与圣父同质同体。 Also, the son is consubstantial with the father.
既然凡从神而来的都是 Since everything that comes from God is God,
神，光辉来自火焰， and the brightness comes from the fire,
这意味着子就是神。 that means that the son is God.
这一切都来自一节经文，对吗？ And all that from a single verse, right?
其实，我很喜欢奥古斯丁的这句名言。 In fact, I love this little quote from Augustine.
他说到亚略主义者时 Talking about the Arians, he says,
，说：「给我一个没有光亮 Give me then here a fire without brightness,
的火，我就相信你说圣父曾经没有圣子。」 and I believe you that the father ever was without the son.
给耶和华见证人有一个很大的挑战。 There's a great challenge to give Jehovah witnesses.
他们来到你门前说： They come to your door and say,
「是的，给我看一个没有光亮的火 Yeah, show me a fire that doesn't get brightness,
，我就给你看，因为他们基本上相信儿子是被造的。」 and I'll show you, because basically they believe the son is created.
好的。 Okay.
现在，这听起来可能对你很熟悉。 Now, this might sound familiar to you.
为什么？ Why?
因为这里有多少人曾经参加过弥撒？ Because how many people here have ever been at Mass?
好的。 Okay.
那是个安全的问题。 That was a safe question.
这里有多少人在弥撒时背诵过信经？ How many people here have recited the creed at Mass?
好的，谢谢。 Okay, thank you.
你记得这事吗？ Do you remember this?
神从神，光从光， God from God, light from light,
真神从真神 true God from true God,
，受生而 begotten, not made,
非受造，与圣父同体。 consubstantial with the father.
你可曾想过光从何而来？ You ever wonder where light from light came from?
这其实出自智慧篇第七章。 It actually comes from Wisdom 7.
这是永恒之光的光辉。 It's the brightness of the eternal light.
早期教父用此来打击亚略主义，并 The early fathers used this to hammer the Arians
帮助发展三位一体的教义。 and help develop Trinitarian doctrine.
现在，让我问你一个问题。 Now, let me ask you a question.
如果《智慧书》只是一 If Wisdom is just a mere human book,
本普通的人类书籍，那作者怎么会知 how in the world did the author know about the Trinity
道三位一体和子与圣父的确切关系呢？ and the exact relationship of the son to the father?
若不是，那是圣灵默示的。 If not, the Holy Spirit inspired that.
所以我喜欢那样。 So I like that.
我爱智慧书。 I love the Book of Wisdom.
我可以继续说下去。 I could go on and on.
好吧。 All right.
第三个论点 Third line of argument,
，早期教父。 the early church fathers.
是的，这很有趣。 Yeah, this is very interesting.
看，我想说的是这个。 See, what I'm trying to get at is this.
公教徒和新教徒都同 What Catholics and Protestants agree with is
意，唯一一个无误且 that there's only one person who infallibly
绝对确定知道圣经正典的人 and with absolute certainty knew the canon of Scripture,
，就是神。 and that is God.
所以，神道成肉身的耶稣 So Jesus Christ, God incarnate,
基督，确实知道正典。 knows the canon infallibly.
阿们？ Amen?
是的，新教徒会对此说阿们。 Yeah, Protestants would say amen to that.
耶稣知道真正的圣经正典， Now, Jesus, knowing the true canon of Scripture,
必定会与他的门徒分享， would have shared that with his disciples
因为毕竟他们是他的门徒。 because after all, they're his disciples.
他在训练他们。 He's training them.
阿们？ Amen?
所以耶稣不会使用像雅 So Jesus wouldn't use a pseudepigraphical work
尼和佯庇这样的伪经作品。 like Janice and Jambres or something like that.
他会用圣经。 He'd use Scripture.
使徒的责任是将那收藏传给早期教 And it would have been the apostle's duty
会，因为在马太福音二十八章，大使命 to hand on that collection to the early church
中，耶稣说：「你们要去，使万民作 because in Matthew 28, the Great Commission,
我的门徒，凡我所吩咐你们的，都教训他们遵守。」 Jesus says go and teach everything that I've told you.
这也包括正典。 And that would include the canon.
阿们？ Amen?
所以，如果我们能确定早期教会从 So if we could determine what the early church
耶稣和他的使徒们所领受的 received from Jesus and his apostles,
那神圣的经文， that sacred Scripture,
我们就知道真正且无误的正典。 we know the true and infallible canon.
这就是我使用次经的方式。 That's how I use the case for the deuterocanon.
于是早期教父们登场了。 So the early church fathers come into play.
但在此之前，我想给你看这个。 But before we do that, I want to show you this.
好的，这是提摩太后书三章十六至十七节。 Okay, this is from 2 Timothy 3, 16 through 17.
这是圣经中少数几段直接 And it's one of those few passages in Scripture
论及圣经默示的经文之一。 that speak directly to inspiration of Scripture.
经上 It says,
说：「圣经都是神所 All Scripture is inspired by God,
默示的，于教训 and it's useful for teaching,
、督责、使人归正 for refutation, for correction,
、教导人学义都是 for training in righteousness,
有益的，叫属神的人 so that the one who belongs to God
得以完全，预备行各样的善事。」 may be competent, equipped for every good work.
注意，它对经文有两点说明。 Notice it has two things that it says about Scripture.
首先，圣经都是神所默示的。 First, all Scripture is inspired.
其次，因圣灵默示这些书卷，它 Second, since the Holy Spirit inspires these writings,
们具有权威性。 they're authoritative.
你可以用这些文字来教导 You can use these writings to do teaching,
、责备、纠正、在公义上训练。 refutation, correction, training in righteousness.
为什么？ Why?
因为他们有神圣的权柄。 Because they have divine authority.
好了吗？ All right?
就是这两件事。 So those two things.
现在，关于次经的事，我是个书呆子。 Now, I'm a nerd when it comes to deuterocanonical stuff.
我读了各种各样的…… And I read all sorts of...
我甚至读了带有社论的旧英文报纸。 I even read old English newspapers with op-ed pieces.
有一次我在读一本一九零三年的书。 One time I was reading one from 1903.
我忘了那是什么文件。 I forgot what paper it was.
但它们是美丽的，因 But they're beautiful because
为公教会仍然非常... Catholicism is still very much...
那时在英格兰有很多反天主教的情绪。 It's a lot of anti-Catholicism in England at that time.
所以每当他们有反天主教的文章时 And so whenever they'd have an anti-Catholic article,
，通常会有一位受过良好教育 usually you'd have a very well-educated priest
的神父写一篇反驳文章。 who would write a counter to it.
其实里面有一些小宝藏。 So there's actually some little nuggets in there.
我在读一篇文章时，这 And I was reading one of the articles,
位祭司说： and this priest said,
「这些书既然早期教父用来 How can these books not be inspired Scripture
确认教义，怎能不 since the early church fathers
是默示的经文呢？」 used them to confirm doctrine?
这真是令人震惊。 Now, that was a shock.
我从未听说过。 I never heard that before.
早期教会用次经来确认教义吗？ The early church used the deuterocanon to confirm doctrine?
于是他举了十一例来说明它的用法，就像 So he gave 11 examples of where it's used,
我们在《智慧书》七章二十 like we saw with Wisdom 726,
六节中看到的那样，用于三位一体。 where it's used for the Trinity.
还有其他例子。 There's other examples as well.
所以我在想，好 So me, I'm thinking,
吧，那是十九零几年的事。 Okay, that was 19-oh-whatever.
我肯定我可以找到十二 I'm sure I could probably find
或十三个其他例子。 12 or 13 other instances.
也许十四，你知 Maybe 14, you know,
道，自那时以来我们发现了工作。 that we've discovered work since then.
大概有十四、十五个。 There's probably 14, 15.
所以我决定要研读 So I decided I'm going to go through
早期教父的 the early church fathers,
著作，寻找那两样东西。 and I'm going to look for those two things.
所以对于A类，如果我 So for Class A, if I find anything
在早期教会中发 where in the early church,
现任何地方，早期教父引用次经时 when an early church father quotes the deuterocanon
说「经上说 with something like,
」、「主 Scripture says,
如此说」、 thus saith the Lord,
「子说 the Son says,
」、「圣灵说 the Holy Spirit says,
」，任何正式的 any formal introduction,
引言，那就是A类。 that's Class A.
正如保罗所说 Just like Paul says,
，圣经都是神所默示的。 all Scripture is inspired by God.
至于其他引言，若 And then for the other quotes,
是确认教义，如这 if it ever confirmed doctrine,
位祭司所说， like this priest says,
我会将其放在乙类引 I'll put it in the Class B citations
文中，他们用来确认教义。 where they use it to confirm doctrine.
好吧？ Okay?
这很重要， And this is important
因为这就是新教拒 because this is the whole reason
绝这些书的全部原因。 why Protestantism rejected these books.
路德在一五 Martin Luther in 15,
一九年， I believe it's 19,
辩论 yeah, 1519,
炼狱时，拒绝 in a debate over purgatory,
将《马加比二书》纳入辩论。 refused to admit 2 Maccabees into debate.
约翰·艾克引用了《马加比二 The Johann Eck cited 2 Maccabees
书》作为炼狱的证据。 as proof of purgatory.
这是路德所说的。 And here's what Luther says.
他 He says,
说，圣经中没 there's no proof of purgatory
有任何部分可以 in any portion of sacred Scripture
作为炼狱的证据 which can be entered into argument
并用于辩论。 and serve as proof.
说 Says,
，马加比书不在 for the book of Maccabees
正典之内，对 not being in the canon
信徒来说是有分量 is of weight with the faithful,
的，但对顽固的人毫无用处。 but avails nothing against the obstinate.
于是路德说：「 So Luther says,
且慢，约翰·艾克。」 hold on, Johann Eck.
你不能引用《马加比二书》来证明炼狱。 You can't cite 2 Maccabees for purgatory.
这不能成为争论的题目。 That can't be entered into debate.
为什么？ Why?
因为这不是正典。 Because it's not canonical.
这不是默示的。 It's not inspired.
好么？ Okay?
那么早期教会同意路德吗？ So did the early church agree with Luther?
还是路德在跟随早期教会？ Or was Luther following the early church?
真有趣。 It's funny.
新教徒说他只是遵循早期教会。 Protestants say he's just following the early church.
公教徒说相反的话。 Catholics say the opposite.
这是一个历史问题。 It's a historical question.
我们可以查一查，看看结果如何。 We could look it up and find out.
于是我开始研究早期教父。 So I started diving into the early church fathers.
顺便说 By the way,
一下， in my book,
在我的书《为什么公 Why Catholic Bibles are Bigger,
教会圣经更大》中，我 I actually found three instances
实际上发现了 where Martin Luther,
三次马丁·路德 in a theological debate,
在神学辩论中使用次经作为辩论的证据。 uses the Deuterocanon as proof text for debate.
这一切都在一五一九年 All of them before 1519,
之前，他与约翰·艾克的辩论。 his debate against Johann Eck.
从那时起， From that point on,
他不再使用它们。 he no longer uses them.
新教徒不再使用它们了。 And Protestants no longer use them.
于是我为路德找到了一只拖鞋。 So I found a flip-flop for Luther.
好吧。 All right.
于是， So anyway,
我看着那里，心想，好吧 I look at there and I'm thinking,
，我大概能找到十五或十六个。 okay, I could probably find 15 or 16.
那真是令人印象深刻。 That'd be really impressive.
于是我观看。 So I looked.
我只看了从基督时 I only looked at the early church fathers
代到使徒 from the time of Christ,
教父，一 the apostolic fathers,
直到第四世纪 all the way to the 4th century,
末期的早期教父。 up to the end of the 4th century.
你猜我发现了什么？ And guess what I found?
你会怎么说？ What would you say?
二十？ 20?
三十？ 30?
如果你认为这是合理的，请举手。 Raise your hand if you think that's reasonable.
大约二十到三十个参考。 About 20 or 30 references.
四十？ 40?
五十？ 50?
六十？ 60?
七十？ 70?
一百？ 100?
我在三十三位 I found 209 instances
教父的百零九个来源 in 109 sources from 33 fathers
中发现了二百零九次明确引 that explicitly quoted the Deuterocanon
用次经为默示的经文。 as inspired scripture.
你要细想。 Let that sink in.
在早期教会的现存文献 209 times in the surviving documents
中，仅在头四 from the early church,
百或五百年里，就有两 just for the first 400 or 500 years,
百零九次提及。 you have those.
这是亚他拿修的一句话， And here's a quote from Athanasius,
你可以看到他使用 where you can see an example
的例子，说这 of where he uses it,
是圣灵所说的，他引用 saying it's the Holy Spirit says,
了《便西拉智训》。 and he quotes Sirach.
好的。 Okay.
如何确认教义？ How about confirming doctrine?
正如我所说，我想 Like I said, I thought,
，哇，这大概是十五吧，对吗？ wow, this is probably about 15, right?
我在一百三十个来源中找到 I found 236 instances
二百三十六个例子，来自三十九位教父。 in 130 sources from 39 fathers.
哇。 Wow.
我没想到。 I didn't expect that.
关于次经的情况，我确 And in the case for the Deuterocanon,
实给了你们所有的引文。 I actually give you all the citations.
你可以自己查阅 You can look it up for yourself,
，自己判断 determine for yourself
他们是否合适。 whether or not they fit in.
顺便说一下，从那时 By the way, since then,
起，我大概又找到了二三十个。 I found probably another 20 or 30.
所以有一天我要更新 So I'm going to update my book one day,
我的书，数字会高很多。 and the number is going to be a lot higher.
所以他们确认这是神所默 So they confirm it's inspired by God,
示的，可以用来教导 and it can be used for teaching,
、责备、纠正和训练人行义。 refutation, training, and righteousness.
现在我想，好吧，礼尚往来。 Now I thought, okay, turnabout's fair play.
我要特别查看早 I'm going to specifically look at times
期教父否认该 where the early church fathers denied
书是默示的情况。 that the book reference is not inspired.
于是我特意去 So I went out of my way,
寻找那些否认他们权柄的 and I tried to do an even more thorough search
人，并且更加彻底地搜查。 of anyone who denied the authority of them.
我也查看了任何 And I also looked at any time
时候早期教父以任 an early church father in any way
何方式限定次经的使用。 qualifies its use of the Deuterocanon.
无论如何，包括像奥古斯丁 In any way, including like Augustine,
所说的，犹太人不使用这本书， where he says the Jews don't use this book,
但我们使用，他相信这些书是正典的。 but we do, and he believes they're canonical.
但我还是把他列入名单 But I put him in this list anyway
，因为他在某种意义上符合条件。 just because he qualified it in some sense.
这就是我所发现的。 So this is what I found.
五个实例和五个来源，出 Five instances and five sources
自两位早期教父，尤利乌 from two early church fathers,
斯·阿非利加和耶柔米。 Julius Africanus and Jerome.
就是这样。 That's it.
在B类负面资格中，我发现 In the class B negative qualification,
了十五个实例和来自五位 I found 15 instances and 11 sources
早期教父的十一处来源。 from five early church fathers.
好，你看，当你比较它们时，是 Okay, so do you see when you compare them,
没有可比性的，对吗？ there is no comparison, right?
其实，耶柔米显得格外突出。 In fact, Jerome sticks out like a sore thumb.
事实上，他是我们第一个 In fact, he is the first father that we have
称次经为新教徒 that called the Deuterocanon
今日所称的旁经的教父。 what Protestants call it today, apocrypha.
他这样做是因为 And he did it because he was operating
他对旧约文 under a faulty understanding
本的传递有错误的理解。 of the transmission of the Old Testament text.
你看，在耶柔米的 You see, in Jerome's day,
时代，大约是三八零年代、三九零 and this is in like the 380s, 390s, early 400s,
年代、四零年代初期，有几种不同 there were several different Greek translations
的希腊文旧约 of the Old Testament,
译本，但只有一个希伯来文译本。 but there was only one Hebrew translation.
耶柔米心想，既然只有一 And Jerome thought, since there's only one,
个，这些希腊文翻译可 these Greek translations are probably
能是希伯来文的意译。 loose translations of the Hebrew.
所以，无论希伯来文中有什 So whatever's in the Hebrew text,
么，那就是原文。 that's the original.
那是希伯来真理。 That's Hebrew truth.
凡不是希伯来文原文的 Anything that's not in the Hebrew text,
，都是后加的。 that's added on later.
早期教会聚会商议 And the early church met in council
，重申了教会古老的正典。 and reaffirmed the ancient canon of the church.
那是四世纪的北 That's those North African councils
非大公会议。 from the fourth century.
希波，迦太基，对吗？ Hippo, Carthage, right?
教宗英诺森一世等等。 Pope Innocent I and so on.
他们说：「耶柔米，你是圣经学者 They said, Jerome, you're a Bible scholar,
，你比我们知道得 you know more than we do
多，因为你确实懂亚兰文和希伯来文。」 because he actually knew Aramaic and Hebrew.
作为学者，你有权发表意见， You're entitled to your opinion as a scholar,
但我们教会说 but we the church say
我们一直使用这些书作为默示的经文。 we've always used these books as inspired scripture.
你错了。 You're wrong.
这些是正典书。 These are the canonical books.
现在有一个非常有趣的部分。 Now here's a very interesting part.
教会只能依靠神 All the church could go on
圣的传统来说，耶柔米，你错了。 was sacred tradition to say, Jerome, you're wrong.
我们无法证明你错了。 We can't demonstrate you're wrong.
或许希伯来文的真理是真实的， Maybe Hebrew verite is true,
希伯来文的真理是真实的。 Hebrew truth is true.
无能为力。 Can't do anything about it.
但圣传说你错了。 But sacred tradition says you're wrong.
你猜怎么着？ Guess what?
在一九四零年代发生了一些有趣的事。 Something interesting happens in the 1940s.
我们这个时代最伟大的圣经发现之 What's one of the greatest biblical discoveries
一是什么？ of our time?
死海古卷。 Dead Sea Scrolls.
我们发现了死海古 We find the Dead Sea Scrolls,
卷，其中包括公元前二世纪的手稿。 which include manuscripts from second century B.C.
直到公元一世纪末 to the end of the first century A.D.
你猜怎么着？ And guess what?
我们发现，不仅有一个希伯来 We find out that there wasn't just one Hebrew text
文本在流 in circulation,
传，第一世纪有好几个希伯 there were several Hebrew texts in circulation
来文本在流传。 in the first century.
我们通过其他来源得知，直到 It was only, we learned through other sources,
基督时代之后，大约在 it's only after the time of Christ
第二个基督徒世纪，拉 around the second Christian century
比才选择了一部希伯来文 that the rabbi selected one Hebrew text
本作为他们的权威文本。 to be their authoritative text.
除了昆兰罐子里 All the other ones disappeared
的那些，其他的都消失了。 except for those that were in the jars in Qumran.
所以教会在第四世纪无法证明 So the church couldn't prove Jerome was wrong
耶柔米是错的。 in the fourth century.
今天，我们可以证明他确实是错的。 Today, we can demonstrate he definitely is wrong.
希伯来文本没有直接通向原文。 The Hebrew text doesn't have a direct line to the original.
因此我们可以证明耶柔米是错的。 And so we can prove Jerome was wrong.
现在有一件事 Now here's the thing
很多人没有意识到，就 that a lot of people don't realize
是早期的改革者， is that the early reformers,
如路德、加尔文， like Martin Luther, Calvin,
你猜他们引用了哪位早期教父？ guess which early father they appealed to?
耶柔米。 Jerome.
他们求助于耶柔米。 They appealed to Jerome.
他们说耶柔米说这些不是正典 They said Jerome said these aren't canonical,
，所以不能在辩论中使用 therefore they can't be used in debate,
，它们不是经文。 they're not scripture.
但如今耶柔米已被证明错了。 But now Jerome has been proven wrong.
所以新教对较小 So the historical case in Protestantism
正典的历史依据是 for the smaller canon without these books
站不住脚的。 is resting in thin air.
早期教会没有根基。 There is no foundation in the early church.
无。 None.
你看这些数字。 And look at the figures.
数据说明一切。 The figures speak for themselves.
好吧，现在我让大家都睡着了。 All right, so now that I put everybody to sleep.
顺便说一句，如果有人失 And by the way, I recommend my book
眠，我推荐我的书。 if anybody has insomnia.
专家说，我的书第一 Experts say that three out of five people
段有五分之三的人会感到困倦。 experience drowsiness during the first paragraph of my books.
所以我强烈推荐你去看看。 So I highly recommend that you check it out.
奉圣父、圣子、圣灵的名。 In the name of the Father, Son, Holy Spirit.
阿们。 Amen.
亲爱的主，感谢你 Dear Lord, thank you so much
使我们聚在一起研读你的道。 for bringing us together to study your word.
感谢你赐给我们次经和 Thank you for the Deuterocanon
所有的经文， and all of scripture
向我们显明你的智 that discloses the wisdom,
慧和你的儿子。 your Son, to us.
我们祈求祢继续赐福我们 And we ask that you continue to bless us
在这次会议中， throughout this conference
并保守我们平安回家。 and give us safe travel home.
我们奉圣父、圣子 And we ask this in the name of the Father,
、圣灵的名祈求。 and the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
阿们。 Amen.