♪♪ ♪♪
你要靠着那住在我们里面的圣灵，牢牢地守住信仰宝库。 Guard the good deposit entrusted to you by the Holy Spirit who lives in us.
保守信仰宝库是主托付给祂教会的使命，教会在每个 Guarding the deposit of faith is the mission which the Lord has entrusted to His Church
时代都履行这一使命。 and which she fulfills in every age.
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这个从使徒那里领受的宝藏，一直由他们的继承人忠心地守护着。 This treasure, received from the Apostles, has been faithfully guarded by their successors.
所有信奉基督的人都蒙召把信仰宝库代代相传， All Christ faithful are called to hand it on from generation to generation
以宣认信仰、在兄弟情谊中活出信仰、 by professing the faith, by living it in fraternal sharing,
并在礼仪和祈祷中庆祝信仰。 and by celebrating it in liturgy and prayer.
♪♪♪ ♪♪♪
从神圣的经文到教会的教父 From sacred scripture to the fathers of the Church,
，从神学大师到历代的圣徒，《 from theological masters to the saints across the centuries,
公教会教理》提供了教会如何默 the Catechism provides a permanent record of the many ways
想信仰并在教义上取得进 in which the Church has meditated on the faith
展的永久记录，为的是在信徒的信仰生活中给予确定性。 and made progress in doctrine so as to offer certitude to believers in their lives of faith.
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好的，我想告诉你《公教会教理》 Okay, I want to tell you what's so special about this book,
这本书有什么特别之处。 The Catechism of the Catholic Church.
教宗本笃曾说过这是给教理讲授者的一个宝贵而不可或缺的工具。 Pope Benedict has said this is a precious and indispensable tool for catechists.
这为什么呢？ Why is that?
在教会历史上，我们从未有过像这样的教理讲授参考文本。 Well, never before in the Church's history have we had a reference text for catechesis quite like this one.
这本书从最全面的公教会真理表述中汲取而成，借 This book has been drawn from the fullest possible expression of Catholic truth,
鉴了《圣经》的教导、传统、教会训导权、教父著作、 drawing on the teaching of scripture, tradition, the magisterium, the Church fathers,
古今属灵作家的著作、礼仪，甚至基督教艺 spiritual writers, ancient and modern men and women, East and West, liturgy,
术，《公教会教理》说这些都反映了我们按照神的形象和祂的创造力而被造。 even Christian art, which the Catechism says is a reflection of our creation in the image of God and His creativity.
这是一件艺术品，一件美丽的事物，不仅是要告诉我 It's a work, a thing of beauty that's meant not just to inform us,
们，更是要激励我们，使我们的内心生活效法基督的心意。 but to inspire us and to form our interior lives after the mind of Christ.
我们可以真正地说，它汲取了公教会信仰的整个传统 We can really say, drawing as it does on the whole tradition of the Catholic faith,
，在教会中以基督的声音说话。 that it speaks with Christ's voice in the Church.
这是一份壮丽的礼物。 It's a magnificent gift.
你知道吗，我们可以说《公教会教理》就是基督的声音， You know, we could really say that the Catechism is the echo of Christ's voice,
在教会里穿越时空，回响到我们这个时代。 resounding to us down throughout the ages in the Church.
你知道「教理讲授」的意思是「回响」吗？ Did you know that the word catechesis means echo?
这个词源自古希腊戏剧。它是一个希腊词。 It comes from the ancient Greek theater. It's a Greek word.
在基督徒历史中，这一词最早是由圣保罗和圣路加在《使徒行 It's first used in Christian history by St. Paul and St. Luke in the book of Acts
传》中使用的，用来描述培养门徒的过程。 to talk about the process of forming disciples.
教理老师把从教会和基督那里学到的知识传 The catechist echoes what he learns from the Church and what he learns from Christ
授给学生。 to form in the pupil.
作为教理讲授者，我们的工作不是发表自己的观 And that's our job as catechists, not to give out our own opinions,
点，而是让教会的声音通过我们说出来。 but to allow the voice of the Church to speak through us.
《公教会教理》是我们的工具。 And the Catechism is our tool.
我们有教会的话语，就是历代以来普世教会的话 We have the words of the Church, the Church universal throughout the ages,
语，因此我们能向学生传达公教会传统中基督的声音。 so that we can echo to our students the voice of Christ in the Catholic tradition.
我认为，了解《公教会教理》的起源和来历会 It's helpful, I think, to know something about the origins of the Catechism,
很有帮助。 where it came from.
这有助于我们欣赏它并加以利用。 It helps us to appreciate it and make use of it.
这里的关键是要理解它起源于第二次梵蒂冈大公会议。 And the key point here is to understand its origins in the Second Vatican Council.
教宗本笃十六世甚至说过，《公教会教理 Pope Benedict has even said that parts of the Catechism
》的部分内容完全由大公会议的教导所决定。 are completely determined by the teaching of the Council.
若望保禄，蒙福的若望保禄二世，当他向世界介绍《公教会 John Paul, blessed John Paul II, when he presented the Catechism to the world,
教理》时，准确地把它呈现为教理的教导。 presents it precisely as the teaching of the Catechism.
当教宗本笃十六世向世界介绍《公教会教理》时， And Pope Benedict, when he presents the Catechism to the world,
他明确指出这部教理是根据第二次梵蒂冈大公会议的精神而编纂的。 presents it precisely as the Catechism prepared following the Second Vatican Council.
那么首先要讨论的问题是，梵 So the first point to address is,
蒂冈第二次大公会议在教理讲授方面有什么重要意义？ well, what was the catechetical significance of Vatican II?
梵蒂冈第二届大公会议，人们听说过它，他们知道这个大公会议。 Vatican II, people have heard about it, they know about the Council.
我觉得有时候人们对它的重要性认识还有点模糊。 I think sometimes it's a bit hazy in people's minds exactly what its significance was.
那么让我试着这样解释吧。 So let me try to explain it this way.
若望二十三世召开了大公会议。 John XXIII called the Council.
他说这将是一个不同寻常的「大公会议」。 He said this is going to be a different kind of Council.
纵观教会历史，大多数大公会议之所以召开， Most of the Councils throughout the history of the Church have met to address,
是为了纠正某个具体的错误，或是明确界定某一教义。 say, a specific error that needed to be corrected or to define one particular doctrine.
这次大公会议的特定目的是教理讲授。 This Council was intended specifically to be a catechetical Council.
保罗六世教宗说这是我们这个时代伟大的教理讲授事件。 Pope Paul VI said it was the great catechetical event of our age.
这是为什么呢？ Why is that?
事实上，大公会议的目的是要守护信仰宝库，同 Well, the intent of the Council was to guard the deposit of faith
时也要思考如何以最容易被20世纪以及未来的人所接受的方式来呈现这些信仰。 but also to reflect on how to present it in a way that would be most accessible to 20th century man and beyond.
那他们是怎么做到的呢？ So how did they do that?
梵蒂冈大公会议的神父们是如何实现那个目标的？ How did the Council Fathers accomplish that goal?
我们之前提到，教会信心的第一个原则就是合一。 Well, we mentioned before the first principle of the Church's faith is that of unity.
所以问题是如何反思公教会信仰和传统的各个部分，展示它们 So the question was how to reflect on the various parts of the Catholic faith and tradition
的完整统一性、和谐性，以及它们如何相互契合。 to show their integral unity, their harmony, and how they fit together.
例如，大公会议探讨了《圣经》如何与神圣传统和教会训导权结合 For example, the Council treated the question of how Scripture fits together with sacred tradition
在一起，形成一个有机的整体。 and the magisterium to form an organic whole.
大公会议思考了平信徒如何分担教会的事工，以及 The Council reflected on the way the laity share in the ministry of the Church
他们如何与教会层级互动。 and how they interact with the hierarchy.
主教会议思考了主教的职分如何与圣父的职分相互作用，以及 The Council reflected on how the ministry of the bishop interacts with the ministry of the Holy Father
所有主教如何整体协同工作。 and how all the bishops work together as a whole.
它反思了特定的教会，比如我们在伯明翰的教会， It reflected on how the particular churches, like our church in Birmingham,
是如何与普世教会相联系的。 how that relates to the church universal.
它甚至探讨了教会如何与教会外部的世界建立关系这个问题。 It even looked at the question of how the church relates to the world outside the church.
所以这整个问题，就是各个部分之间的关系，以及它们如何 So this whole question of the relationship of the parts and how it all fits together,
融合在一起，个别基督徒与教会，教会与社会，传统的来源， the individual Christian and the church, the church and society, the sources of tradition,
这实际上就是大公会议的目的。 this is really the intent of the Council.
在成为本笃教宗之前，拉辛格枢机 Cardinal Ratzinger, before he became Pope Benedict,
曾经反思过大公会议之后教理讲授的历史。 reflected once on the history of catechesis after the Council.
他说教理讲授的工具并没有真正跟上梵蒂冈第 He said that the tools of catechesis didn't really keep up with the fruits
二次大公会议的成果和益处。 and the benefits of the Second Vatican Council.
那些成果是什么？ What were those fruits again?
我们谈到大公会议真正彰显了信心的合一，所有部 We talked about the Council really drawing out the unity of the faith,
分是如何融合在一起的。 how all the parts fit together.
他说教理讲授的工具缺乏的就是这个，即整体的视野，了解所有部 That is what he said was lacking in the tools of catechesis, a vision of the whole,
分是如何组合在一起的。 how all the parts fit together.
1985年，蒙福的教宗若望保禄二世召集了一次非常主教会议 In 1985, Blessed Pope John Paul II called an extraordinary Senate of the bishops
，反思大公会议，以及如何在教会中最好地活出、表达和教导大公会议的精神。 to reflect on the Council and how it could best be lived out and expressed and taught in the church.
这就是当时提出的观点，需要对大公会议做一个权威的解释，编写 This is the point that came up, that there was a need for an authoritative explication of the Council,
一本普世教理。 a universal catechism.
在教会历史上，我们曾经有过这样的过程。 Once before in the church's history, we had this process.
有一次非常重要的大公会议，会议的教父们要求编写一本教理。 There was a very important Council, and the fathers of the Council called forth for a catechism.
这就是16世纪的特伦托会议，会议 This was the Council of Trent in the 16th century,
编撰了后来被称为《罗马教理》的文献。这部著作 and the Council produced what came to be called the Roman Catechism,
经受了400年的时间考验，是一部宏篇巨著，至今仍是极好的参考资料。 which stood the test of time for 400 years and was a magnificent text, still a wonderful reference.
梵蒂冈第二届大公会议之后，现在 Something like that was needed now post-Vatican II,
需要这样一部通用教理，能够对整个教会说话，表达大公会议的教导。 a universal catechism that could speak to the whole church and express the teaching of the Council.
在主教会议之后，教宗 Pope John Paul II's Catechism
若望保禄二世采纳了主教会议关于编写一部普世教理的呼吁，并亲自推动此 Following the Synod, Pope John Paul took up the call of the Synod for a universal catechism
事。他全心全意地支持这个想法。 and made it his own. He embraced it.
于是他召集了一个由12位红衣主教和主教组成的委员会。 So he called a commission of 12 cardinals and bishops.
拉辛格枢机是负责开始编写这份文件的主席。 Cardinal Ratzinger was the chair to begin work on the text.
他们反过来向教理讲授专家、教区主教，以及 They, in turn, sought input from experts in catechesis, from diocesan bishops,
最终向全体主教寻求意见，全体主教有机会提供观察、评论和意见。 and ultimately from the entire episcopate that had an opportunity to offer observations and comments and input.
他们收集了成千上万的评论、观察和建议，所 They collected literally thousands of comments and observations and suggestions
以最终的文本确实是全体主教根据他们的教导权柄共同创作的产物。 so that the resulting text really was a product of all of the bishops of the church in their teaching authority.
这就是为什么教宗若望保禄在大公会议30年后正式颁布该文 This is why when Pope John Paul officially promulgated the text 30 years after the Council,
本时说「它反映了信仰的交响乐」。 he could say it reflects the symphony of the faith.
这也是为什么拉辛格枢机主教在思考经文的权威时说， It's also why Cardinal Ratzinger, reflecting on the authority of the text,
任何人如果将自己与这部经文分离，将其作为教理讲授的真实准则和参照，那 could say, whoever separates himself from this text as the authentic norm and reference for catechesis
他就是在将自己与公教会信仰本身分离。 separates himself from the Catholic faith itself.
在公教会中，有一个源自使徒 There's a very old tradition in the Catholic Church,
时代的古老传统，就 going back to the time of the apostles,
是用四个基本维度来总结基督徒的经历和基督的奥秘。 of summing up Christian experience, the Christian mystery, in four fundamental dimensions.
信仰的宣告，我们所相信的 The profession of faith, what we believe,
，在信仰生活中的圣事，我们如何领受神的 sacraments in the life of faith, how we receive the grace of God,
恩典，信仰生活本身，对神恩典在道德和属灵上的回 the life of faith itself, the moral and spiritual response to the grace of God,
应，最后是祷告，我们对这恩典和信仰的生命发自内心的爱和感恩的表达。 and then finally prayer, our heartfelt expression of love and gratitude to this life of grace and faith.
他们都恒心遵守使徒的教 They devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching
训，彼此交接，擘饼，祈祷。 and fellowship, to the breaking of bread and the prayer.
我们发现教理是围绕这四个维度构建的，教 We find that this is how the catechism is structured around these four dimensions,
理称之为四根柱子。 what the catechism calls four pillars.
它遵循了罗马教理的相同模式，使用了相同的四大支柱。 It follows the same pattern of the Roman catechism, used the same four pillars.
第一部分是关于信经，第二部分是关于礼仪和圣事，第 So part one is on the creed, part two on the liturgy and the sacraments,
三部分是关于道德生活，第四部分是关于祷告生活。 part three on the moral life, and part four on the life of prayer.
要意识到这个结构背后有一个深刻的原因，这一点很重要。 It's important to realize that there's a profound reason for this structure.
这四个部分是相互关联的。 The four parts are interrelated.
我们一次又一次地回到信仰宝库的这一有机整体性的方面。 We've come back again and again to this aspect of the organic, integral unity of the faith.
我们发现，我们在信经中所宣认的，实际上藉着圣事的恩典 We find that what we profess in the creed is actually made present in our lives
，在我们的生命中彰显出来。 through the grace of the sacraments.
圣事的恩典就是神的恩典。 The grace of the sacraments is the grace of God.
圣事的恩典反过来塑造我们的道德生活，使 The grace of the sacraments, in turn, is what informs our moral life
基督徒的生活成为可能。 and makes the Christian life possible.
最后，这些事情在我们的祷告生活中得到颂扬， And finally, these things are celebrated in our life of prayer,
因此四个部分有机地结合在一起。 hence the organic unity of the four parts.
教会有一句古老的谚语很好地概括了这种关系，那就是「Lex Orandi, This relationship is captured by an ancient saying in the church,
Lex Credendi」。 Lex Orandi, Lex Credendi.
我们所祈祷的就是我们所相信的。 What we pray is what we believe.
对于教理讲授者来说，重要的是要明白所有这些部分是环环相扣的。 The significance of this for the catechist is to understand that all these parts hang together.
我们不能将恩典的生命与祷告的生命分开。 We can't separate the life of grace from the life of prayer.
我们不能把信仰宣认与生活方式分开。 We can't separate our profession of faith from how we live.
事实上，有人建议《教理》不要分成四个部 Some people, in fact, have suggested that the catechism be seen as,
分，而是分成两个主要部分：神在基督 instead of having four parts, really having two major parts,
里为我们所做的，以及我们对这恩典的回应。 what God has done for us in Christ and our response to that grace.
想象一幅对开画。 Imagine a diptych.
双联画是一种古老的圣像形式，由两块独立的画板通过铰链连接而成。 A diptych is an ancient form of icon of two images on separate panels connected by a hinge.
你可以把神对我们的爱、我们的回应，以及作为反映这两个 You can think of God's love for us, our response, and Christ at the center
维度的透镜的基督，想象成一个整体。 as the lens reflecting these two dimensions.
《公教会教理》的编辑肖恩伯恩枢机主 Cardinal Schoenborn, who was the editor of the catechism,
教曾用双联画的意象来教导我们要如何进行教理讲授。 has used this image of a diptych to instruct us in our method of catechesis.
我们先从神的恩典这个问题谈起。 We begin with the question of God's grace.
这是公教会信仰的基本点，也是教理讲授者以 This is the fundamental point of the Catholic faith for the catechist
及我们看待一切事物的参照系。 and our frame of reference for everything else.
在教理讲授中，一切都必须围绕着神在基督 里赐给我们的恩典，以及我们对此恩典的回应 Everything in catechesis has to be structured around this question of God's gift to us in Christ
这个主题来构建。 and our response.
如果我们记住这一点，这就是我们在教导教理时需要用到的中心要点。 If we keep that in mind, it's the central point we need to use in teaching from the catechism.
在教理讲授中，首要的是要讲述神和祂 The primacy in catechesis has to be given to God and His works,
的作为，其次才是我们对这恩典的回应。 and then secondarily, our response to this expression of grace.
要成为一名出色的教理老师，如果你能记住教理的四部分结 There are some major themes that flow from this four-part structure of the catechism
构中贯穿的几个主要主题，会对你的工作大有帮助。 that, if you keep them in mind, will really help your work as a catechist.
我们已经提到了这个概念，就是神恩典至高无上的双联画。 We already mentioned this concept of the diptych, of the primacy of God's grace.
或许我们可以停下来思考一下，在天主教教义中，恩典究竟是什么。 It might be helpful to stop and reflect for a moment on what grace is in Catholic teaching.
天主教教理第1997条告诉我们，恩典是分享神内在的生命，使我 The catechism in paragraph 1997 tells us that grace is a participation in the inner life of God Himself,
们与祂的本性相符。 conforming us to His nature.
正因如此，圣托马斯才会说，一个灵魂中 This is why St. Thomas could say that the good of grace in one soul
的恩典之善，胜过整个受造宇宙的善，因为这是神自己的善。 is greater than the good of the entire created universe, because it's the good of God Himself.
作为教理讲授老师，我们反思后意识到，有一个根 As catechists reflecting on this, we realize that there's a fundamental core
本的核心指导着我们所有的思考和教导。 that directs all of our thinking and all of our teaching.
这就是第二次梵蒂冈大公会议所说的真理等级。 This is what the Second Vatican Council called the hierarchy of truths.
这个教理也表达了相同的概念。 The catechism echoes this concept.
它说我们在教导时需要牢记真理的层次结构 It says we need to keep the hierarchy of truths in mind as we teach,
，事实上，这也构成了教理本身的结构。 and it, in fact, informs the structure of the catechism itself.
这个真理的层级是什么？ What is this hierarchy of truths?
首先需要指出的是，真理有高低之分并不意味 Well, it's important to note at the beginning that there is a hierarchy of truths
着有些真理不太真实或者不重要。 doesn't mean that some truths are less true or unimportant.
这仅仅意味着，有些真理是从其他真理作为源头和起源流露出来的。 It simply means that some truths flow from others as their source and origin.
这是一个组织原则。 It's a principle of organization.
这又是另一种表达有机统一或完整统一这一概念的方式。 Once again, it's another way of stating this concept of organic or integral unity.
在公教会信仰中，首要的真理，真理中的真理是什么？ What is the first truth, the truth of truths in the Catholic faith?
这就是三位一体的真理。 It's the truth of the Blessed Trinity.
如果你明白神是三位一体的，你就会领悟到祂是永恒的爱和无尽的福乐。 If you understand that God is a trinity, you grasp that He is undying love and unending bliss.
这就是真理，一切都由此而生。 This is the truth from which everything else in the faith flows.
神以祂永恒的爱，将祂的慈爱和恩典倾注在祂所创造的世界上。 God in His undying love pours out of Himself His love and His grace upon the world that He creates.
在真理的等级中，第二个真理就是基督自己的奥秘。 The second truth in the hierarchy of truths is the mystery of Christ Himself.
基督为什么要成为人？ Why did Christ become man?
「the Word」为什么成了肉身？ Why was the Word made flesh?
教理引用了圣依勒内和圣亚他拿修的话。 The catechism quotes St. Irenaeus and St. Athanasius.
在这段奇妙的经文中，神成为人，为要叫人得以成为有如神 In this marvelous text, God became man so that men might become gods,
，不是要人真的变成神，而是要人有份于祂的内在本质。 not to become literally God, but to share in His inner nature.
这就是基督的奥秘的核心。 This is the central mystery of Christ.
通过祂的死亡和复活，即逾越奥秘， Through His death and resurrection, the paschal mystery,
祂为我们赢得了这永生，并消除了罪的破坏和死亡。 He merits for us this eternal life and undoes the damage and the death of sin.
在真理的等级中，下一个真理是教会的真理，教会的奥秘。 The next truth in the hierarchy of truths is the truth of the church, the mystery of the church.
这是为什么呢？ Why is this?
教会就是基督的身体。 Well, the church is the body of Christ.
这是基督在世上圣事性的同在。 It is the sacramental presence of Christ on earth.
这是我们与基督相遇的地方。 It's where we meet Christ.
圣西普里安说，不以教会为母亲 St. Cyprian says that he cannot have God for his father,
的人，就不能以神为父亲。 who does not have the church as his mother.
在真理的等级中，下一个真理是人的尊严。 The next truth in the hierarchy of truths is the dignity of the human person.
当我们思想这奥秘的恩典时，就是神愿意与我们分 When we consider this mystery of grace that God would share with us,
享祂自己内在的生命和本 His own inner life, His own nature,
性，我们就看到神赐给人类何等难以置信的尊贵。 we see what an incredible dignity God has bestowed on humankind.
因此，教会所有的道德和社会教导 Thus, all of the moral and the social teachings of the church
都源自对人的尊重，这种尊重是信心本身的内在本质。 flow from that respect for the human person that is intrinsic to the nature of the faith itself.
最后，这个层次结构中的最后一个真理是编辑肖恩伯恩枢机主教所 And then finally, the last truth in the hierarchy is what Cardinal Schoenborn, the editor,
说的教会的第一原则，即信心，也就是合一，所 says is the first principle of the church is faith, namely unity,
有这些事物都是相互关联的。 that all of these things hang together.
我们不能随意挑选公教会信仰的某些方面。 And we can't pick and choose our aspects of Catholic faith.
我们视它们为一个整体中不可分割的统一体。 We see them as an integral unity in a whole.
这些是贯穿整个教理的组织原 These are the principles of organization, thematic,
则和主题，必须为我们的教导提供信息。 that run throughout the catechism and have to inform our teaching.
这个教理的设计目的是要展现信仰的完整统一性。 The catechism is really designed to draw this integral unity of the faith.
当教宗若望保禄向世人介绍《 When John Paul presented it to the world,
天主教教理》时，他说这本书旨在展示信心的奇妙和谐。 he said that it was intended to show the wondrous harmony of the faith.
《公教会教理》第18段说，要把教理 The catechism itself, paragraph 18, says the catechism is to be seen
看作是对整个公教会信仰的有机阐述。 as an organic presentation of the whole of the Catholic faith.
现在，我想展示给你看怎么做。 Now, I want to show you how.
首先，请翻到目录。 First, if you will, turn to the table of contents.
你看，开头部分是教宗的宗座宪章， You see the beginning is the Pope's apostolic constitution,
向全世界介绍这部教理。 introducing the catechism to the world.
接下来是序言，其中给出了使用教理的实用指导。 And then the prologue, which gives practical instruction for using the catechism.
我们一会儿再回到序幕。 We'll come back to the prologue in a minute.
但是你看到了吗，接下来的第一部分就是信仰宝库宣言？ But do you see how the very next thing is part one, the profession of faith?
我想跟你指出一件事。 I want to point something out to you.
你看第一部分下面，我相信那里写着第一节，我们信仰。 Do you see under part one, it says section one, I believe, we believe.
接下来是第二部分，基督徒信心的宣言。 And then at section two, the profession of the Christian faith.
这四大支柱，也就是四个部分，每一个都有两个部分。 Each of these four pillars, the four sections, has a two-section division.
第一部分内容比较笼统， The first section is more general,
阐述了基本的、统一的原则，如果你愿意这么说。 laying out the fundamental and unifying principles, if you will.
第二部分给出了更详细的教理阐述。 The second section gives a more detailed doctrinal exposition.
因此，第一部分的第一节论述了我们如何认识神，包括 Thus, in part one, section one treats how we come to know anything about God,
我们对神的自然认识，以及神通过基督、圣经、 from our natural knowledge of God and God's self-revelation in Christ,
传统和教会训导权的自我启示。 scripture, tradition, and the magisterium.
第二部分接着描述了启示的具体内容，例如三位 And part two then goes on to describe the specific contents of that revelation,
一体的教义，或基督和祂的教会的教义。 such as the doctrine of the Trinity or of Christ and His church.
第二部分，基督徒奥秘的庆典，也是如此。 Part two, celebration of the Christian mystery, does the same thing.
首先，教会中讨论了逾越奥秘的总体内 First, there's a general discussion of the paschal mystery in the church,
容，即三位一体的工作、礼仪和圣事。 the work of the blessed Trinity and the liturgy and the sacraments.
其次，讨论七件圣事本身，作为在 And then secondly, a discussion of the seven sacraments themselves,
三位一体的生命中的入门、治愈和共融。 as the initiation, healing, and communion into the life of the blessed Trinity.
第三部分，我们在基督里的生命。 Part three, our life in Christ.
首先，经文讨论了人作为神的形象所具有的不可思 First, there's a discussion of the incredible dignity of the human person
议的尊严，我们的自由、恩典、美德、良知和罪， in the image of God, our freedom, grace, the virtues, conscience, and sin,
以及我们基督徒生活的社会层面。 and the social dimensions of our Christian life.
其次，根据基督对律法的总结，即 And then second, a specific discussion of each of the Ten Commandments,
爱神和爱人如己，具体讨论十诫的每一条。 according to Christ's summary of the laws, the love of God and the love of neighbor.
你看出这个规律了吗？ Do you see the pattern?
第四部分，基督徒的祷告也是如此。 Part four, Christian prayer works the same way.
首先，有一个关于祈祷的总体讨论。 First, there's a discussion of prayer in general.
祷告是什么？圣经和教会中祷告的传统。 What is prayer? The tradition of prayer in Scripture in the church.
接下来是对「主祷文」的具体 And then a specific discussion of the Lord's Prayer,
讨论，教理称之为整个福音的总结。 which the catechism calls the summary of the whole gospel.
让我们回到序言，在教理第18段 Let's go back to the prologue, paragraph 18 in the catechism,
，它给出了如何使用教理的实用指导。 which gives practical instruction in how to use the catechism.
在大多数版本中，这在第11页。 This is on page 11 in most editions.
这里也是一个很好的地方来指出，在教理中，基 This is also a good place to point out that the basic unit of organization
本的组织单位是段落。 in the catechism is the paragraph.
所以如果你看索引的话，例如它引用的是段落编号 So if you look at the index, for example, it references paragraph numbers,
，而不是页码。 and not page numbers.
你看，这部教理问答是以一种有机的方式 You see, this catechism is conceived as an organic presentation
来全面地介绍公教会信仰。 of the Catholic faith in its entirety.
因此，它应该被视为一个统一的整体。 It should be seen, therefore, as a unified whole.
正文页边的大量交叉参考、 Numerous cross-references in the margin of the text,
用斜体表示的数字指向论述相同主题的其他 italicized numbers referring to other paragraphs that deal with the same theme,
段落，以及卷末的分析索引， as well as the analytical index at the end of the volume,
让读者能够从信心的整体角度来看待每一个主题。 allow the reader to view each theme in its relationship to the entirety of the faith.
你看到了吗？ Do you see?
在每一点上，教理都呼吁我们根据整体 At every point, the catechism calls us to compare and analyze
来比较和分析。 in light of the totality.
让我们看一下交叉引用。 Let's consider the cross-references for a moment.
请翻到第27段落。 Turn to paragraph 27, if you will.
这是我们第一次发现使用交叉引用的地方。 This is the first place we find cross-references used.
这里所讲的教义是指神将渴慕祂的心志写在人心里。 The doctrine being treated here is the desire for God written in the heart.
现在，如果你看第27段旁边，会看 Now, if you look to the side of paragraph 27,
到三个小数字：355、170和1718。 you'll see three little numbers, 355, 170, and 1718.
这些是指向教理中其他段落的参考。 These are references to other paragraphs in the catechism.
现在，让我们看看这是如何工作的。 Now, let's see how this works.
让我们翻到第355段，关于人是按照 If we turn to paragraph 355, the doctrine of man,
神的形象被造的教义。 created in the image of God.
因此，教理希望我们知道，我们与生俱来对神的渴 So, the catechism wants us to know that our innate desire for God
望源于我们按照神的形象被造。 is born of our creation in His image.
这两个信条是相关的。 The two doctrines are related.
现在，让我们来看第1718段，这是另一处参考经 Now, let's look at paragraph 1718, another cross-reference,
文，它带领我们进入第三个支柱，就是我们在基督 which takes us into the third pillar, our life in Christ,
里的生命，以及对神的渴望得以满足。 and the fulfillment of that desire for God.
看看第1718段的第一行。 Look at the very first line of paragraph 1718.
「真福八端」回应了人对幸福的自然渴望。 The Beatitudes respond to the natural desire for happiness.
这个愿望有神圣的起源。 This desire is of divine origin.
所以，你看，这些参考经文能帮助你寻求信心的合一。 So, you see, the cross-references help you to search out that unity of the faith.
我想让你注意的下一点 The next point I want you to notice
是，这个教理把一些内容用大字印刷 is that the catechism puts some things in large print
，一些内容用小字印刷。 and some things in small print.
让我们来看一个示例。 Let's look at an example.
请翻到第2558段落。 Turn to paragraph 2558.
首先，正文开头用大字介绍了祈祷的主题。 First, the text introduces the topic of prayer in large print.
接着引用了圣德兰修女的一段灿烂的话语。 And then it follows up with this magnificent quote from St. Therese.
对我来说，祷告是内心的涌流。 For me, prayer is a surge of the heart.
这是一个简单地仰望天国的眼神。 It is a simple look turned toward heaven.
这是认可和爱的呼喊，包含了试炼与欢乐。 It is a cry of recognition and of love, embracing both trial and joy.
教理中的小字常常引 The small print in the catechism
用圣人著作、礼仪经文、属灵导师的话 very often is drawn from the writings of saints, liturgies,
语，为的是更全面地表达信仰的 spiritual doctors, meant to give a full expression,
真理，更深入地思考信仰的奥秘。 a deeper reflection on the truth of the faith.
我发现这些是很好的教具。 I find that these are excellent tools for teaching.
在你阐述了教义之后， After you've laid out the doctrine,
你可以翻到那些小字印刷 you can go to these small print sections
的部分，思考圣人们的教导。 and reflect on the teachings of the saints.
请翻到第44段落。 Turn to paragraph 44.
你会找到一个叫「简述」的部分。 You'll find a section called In Brief.
你会发现在每一章的结尾 You'll see that at the end of every chapter,
，都有一个要点总结 there's this summary of bullet points
，概括了所讨论教义的主要方面。 of the major aspects of the doctrine under consideration.
在你准备教学要点时， This is a very helpful tool to reference
这是一个非常有用的参考工具。 as you prepare talking points for your teaching.
我是否已经涵盖了这个教义的所有主要方面？ Have I made sure to hit every major aspect of the doctrine?
最后，我想请你翻到2865 Finally, I want you to turn to paragraph 2865,
段，就是教理的最后一段。 the very last paragraph in the catechism.
接下来会发生什么？ What comes next?
我们一再提到，这 We've mentioned over and over again
部教理汲取了公教会信仰 that the catechism draws on this incredibly rich
的丰富表述，包 Catholic expression of the faith,
括启示和权威的各种不同来源。 all these different sources of revelation and authority.
我们终于找到了那个清单，实在 Here's where we actually find the list,
是太美好了。 and it's magnificent.
你会看到2865后 You'll see right following 2865,
面有一个引文索引。 there is a index of citations.
第一个是圣经引文， The first is the scripture citations,
你可以看到在教理中有 and you can see there are over 30 pages
超过30页的圣经引文。 of scripture citations in the catechism.
接下来是信仰宝库的宣告。 Following that are professions of faith.
接着我们看到大公会议。 Then we find ecumenical councils.
仅梵蒂冈第二届大公 There are over five pages of citations
会议就有五页以上的引文。 just from the Second Vatican Council alone.
在那之后，我们有特别的会议和 After that, we have particular councils and synods,
主教会议、 pontifical documents,
教宗文件、教会 ecclesiastical documents,
文件、教会 canon law citations,
法典引文、礼仪 citations from the liturgy,
引文，包括罗马礼和东方礼，以 the Roman liturgy and the Eastern liturgy as well,
及教会作家的著作。 ecclesiastical writers.
这是我最喜欢的段落之一。 This is one of my favorite sections.
事实上，有时为了反思和祷 In fact, sometimes for reflection and prayer,
告，我会一遍又一遍地阅读 I just go and read the citations of the saints
圣人的语录。 over and over again.
从第二世纪开始就有很多人，像安提 There's so many of them from the second century,
阿的伊格那丢、爱任纽， Irenaeus of Ignatius of Antioch,
还有像亚他拿修这样伟大的教会博士。 the great doctors of the church like Athanasius.
他们都在里面。 They're all in there.
你去搜寻他们。 You go search them out.
它非常富有。 It's incredibly rich.
最后，在查阅了教会作家的著作之后 And then finally, after the ecclesiastical writers,
，我们再来查阅主题索引。 then we turn to the subject index.
我不希望你忽视这一点， Now, I don't want you to overlook this
因为它确实是一个极大的资源。 because it's a tremendous resource, really.
例如，如果你翻到第75 If you open to page 759, for example,
9页，看看有关洗礼的 and look down the page at baptism,
内容，你会发现索引对洗礼生活和 you can see how rich the reflection of the index is
应许的各个方面、洗礼所传递的恩典、 on all the different aspects of baptismal life and promise,
慕道者如何接受洗礼、公 the grace communicated in the baptism,
教会基督徒的生命如何 how catechumens received baptism,
扎根于洗礼等，都有丰富的反映。 how Christian life is rooted in baptism.
你真的可以通过这四个部 You can really trace the doctrine out
分来追溯这个教 through all the four parts
义，看到我们所说的这种整体统一性。 and see this integral unity that we're talking about.
所以在你准备课程和 So don't overlook the subject index
寻求信心合一的时 as you're preparing your lessons
候，不要忽视主题索引。 and seeking for that unity of the faith.
在主题索引之 After the subject index,
后，紧接着的部分是缩略语列表。 the very next section is a list of abbreviations.
在整个文本 Throughout the text,
中，你会发现宗座文件和大 you'll find footnotes to pontifical documents
公会议文件的 and conciliar documents,
脚注，通常只给出缩写。 usually just given in an abbreviation.
缩略语列表将帮助你了解那些 The list of abbreviations will help you know
缩略语的来源。 where those come from.
最后，在一些版本的《公教会教理》中， Finally, in some editions of the Catechism,
你会找到一个词汇表。 you'll find a glossary.
这是一个非常有用 This is a very helpful tool
的工具，能够准确忠实地解释 that gives accurate and faithful definitions
神学术语和教义术语的定义。 of theological terms and doctrinal terms.
如果你不知道某个单词的意思， It's also a very useful tool in your teaching
它也是你教学中非常有用的道具。 if you don't know what a particular word means.
这本书不会消逝。 This book is not going away.
教宗若望保禄告 Pope John Paul told us
诉我们这是教理讲授的真实参考依据。 this is the authentic reference for catechesis.
这是确定的规范。 This is the sure norm.
教宗本笃在他的信仰年文告中敦 Pope Benedict, in his letter on the Year of Faith,
促全世界的公教会基督徒 has urged Catholics all across the world
研读《公教 to study this book,
会教理》这本书，并把 the Catechism of the Catholic Church,
它变成自己的东西。 and make it their own.
他提醒我们《公教会教理》的内容不 He's reminded us that what lives within the Catechism
仅仅是一种理 is not a mere theory,
论，而是在一页 but on page after page,
又一页中与一位活在 it's an encounter with a person
教会内的人相遇， who lives within the Church,
这个人就是耶稣基督。 namely Jesus Christ.
我认为用蒙福的教宗若望保禄二 I think we can conclude with no better phrase
世将《公教会教理》赐予世界时所 than that given to us by blessed Pope John Paul II
说的话，是再合适不过的总结。 when he gave the Catechism to the world.
他说：「 He said,
使用它。」 Use it.
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