基督教。它是世界上最大的宗教，已有近2000年的历史，而且非常多样化。 Christianity. It's the world's largest religion, it's almost 2,000 years old, and it's very diverse.
有时候是这个样子的，有时候又是那个样子的。这是怎么发生的呢？ Sometimes it looks like this, and sometimes it looks like this. How did this happen?
耶稣升天以后，他把十二使徒留下，让他们掌管教会直到他再来。 So right after Jesus ascended into heaven, he left the 12 apostles in charge until he comes back.
他什么时候会回来？他说这不是他们能知道的，但是，每个人 When's he gonna come back? Well, he said it wasn't for them to know, but still,
都以为耶稣马上就要回来了。所以在五旬节那天，十二个使徒都领受了 everyone thought Jesus was about to come back. So at Pentecost, the 12 apostles all receive
圣灵，圣灵赐给他们能力，让他们能用许多不同的语言传讲福音。 the Holy Spirit, who empowers them to preach the gospel in many different languages.
于是他们就像一个其乐融融的大家庭一样生活在一起， So they're living together as one big happy family and preaching to the people,
向人们传讲福音，他们的人数开始急剧增加。他们在圣殿 and their numbers begin to increase dramatically. They're worshiping in the temple,
里敬拜，但是圣殿的犹太领袖们并不喜欢这些耶稣的新追随者。 and the Jewish leaders of the temple don't really like these new followers of Jesus.
于是他们开始迫害他们，甚至杀害他们中的一些人，从斯蒂芬开始。 So they begin to persecute them, and they even kill some of them, starting with Steve.
逼迫基督徒的人之一是大数的扫罗。他就像在说，基督教 One of the people who persecutes the Christians is Saul of Tarsus. He's all like,
太尴尬了，来改变我的想法吧。他改变了想法。还有他的名字 Christianity is cringe, change my mind. He changed his mind. And his name. And now it's
。现在他的工作是到处传讲基督教，不仅仅是对犹太人。他去了很 his job to preach Christianity everywhere, not just to the Jews. He goes to a bunch of cities
多城市，开始向外邦人传道，外邦人就是非犹太人。这就引出一个问 and begins preaching to the Gentiles, which are people who are not Jewish people. Which raises
题，基督教是犹太教吗？圣彼得说是，保罗说不是。谁是对的？保罗是对的。 the question, is Christianity Jewish? Yes, said Peter. No, said Paul. Who's right? Paul is right.
你不需要先成为犹太人才能成为基督徒。太好了。现在我们完全 You don't need to become Jewish to become Christian. Cool. Now we've got Christianity
搞懂基督教了。而且时机刚刚好，因为大家还以为基督马上就要再来了。 all figured out. And just in time, because everyone still thinks Jesus is about to come back.
伙计，我真高兴我们有这么多使徒可以教导 我们。哦等等，不对，他们正在一个个死去。 Man, I'm so glad we have all these apostles who can teach us. Oh wait, no, they're dying out.
快点，保存他们的教导。于是人们开始保存他们的教导 Quick, preserve their teachings. So people begin preserving their teachings and writings,
和著作，并将其编纂成后来的《新约》。我们有《新约》 and compiling them into what would eventually become the New Testament. And it's good that
是件好事，因为在第二世纪，许多奇怪的异端和分裂 we have the New Testament, because in the second century, a bunch of weird heretics
团体开始出现。有憎恨世界的诺斯底主义者，憎恨大部分《圣 and schismatic groups begin to pop up. You've got the Gnostics who hate the world, the Marcionites
经》的马吉安派，有时会变得有点疯狂的孟他努派，以及认 who hate most of the Bible, the Montanists who get a bit too crazy sometimes, and the Docetists
为耶稣太酷而不是人的幻影派。使徒们的继承人，就像这些人 who think Jesus was too cool to be human. And the apostolic fathers, like these guys, the successors
，使徒的继承者，能够用《新约》作为对抗这些异端的盾牌。 of the apostles, are able to use the New Testament as a shield against these heresies. It's kind of
正式对付这些异端有点困难，因为要记住，基督教仍然是非法的。 hard to officially deal with these heretics, because remember, Christianity is still illegal.
除非你住在亚美尼亚。但在罗马，这是非法的。但要保持非法很难，因为人 Unless you live in Armenia. But in Rome, it's illegal. But it's hard to keep it illegal because
们不断皈依。别担心，皇帝会解决这个问题的。哦等等，不对，他也皈依了。 people keep converting. Don't worry, the emperor will solve this. Oh wait, no, he just converted as
现在他想让每个人都成为基督徒，所以他把所有基督徒领袖召集到尼西亚， well. Now he wants everyone to be Christian, so he gathers all the Christian leaders at Nicaea to
阐明基督教是什么。嗯，我们崇拜耶稣，因为他是神，几乎所有人都这么说。 clarify what Christianity is. Well, we worship Jesus because he's God, says almost everyone.
有一个叫亚略的人说，耶稣像神，但他仍然是被神创造的。曾经有一 Actually, said some guy named Arius, Jesus is like God, but he's still created by God. There was a
段时间耶稣是不存在的。「兄弟，这是异端邪说，」圣诞老人说着，一 time when Jesus didn't exist. Bro, that's heresy, said Santa Claus, punching him in the face. So the
拳打在他脸上。所以尼西亚会议澄清了耶稣真正是神。亚略被赶了出去 council of Nicaea clarified that Jesus is truly God. Arius got kicked out, and they wrote a statement
，他们写了一份声明总结基督教的基本信仰。亚略派试图重新混入教 summarizing the basics of Christianity. And the Arians kept trying to creep back into the church,
会，但幸运的是圣亚他拿修能捍卫真正的信仰，尽管有时他是独自 but luckily Saint Athanasius was able to defend the true faith, even though he was against the
对抗全世界。太好了，现在我们已经完全搞清楚基督教了。开玩笑的 world at times. Cool, now we've got Christianity all figured out. Just kidding, we need a second
，我们需要第二次会议来澄清第一次会议的意思。顺便说一下，圣灵 council to clarify what the first council meant. The Holy Spirit is also God, just in case you're
也是神，而且耶稣也完全是人，因为有一个人认为耶稣有人的身体但 wondering, and Jesus is also fully human, because this one guy thought Jesus had a human body but
没有人的思想。好了，所以他被赶了出去，现在我们已经完全搞清楚基督教了。 not a human mind. Okay, so he got kicked out, and now we've got Christianity all figured out.
我们知道耶稣既是真正的人，也是真正的神。有个叫涅斯多留的人 We know that Jesus is both truly human and truly divine. Some guy named Nestorius said,
说，是啊，但人性和神性是完全不同的东西，所以我们必须把它们分开。 yeah, but humanity and divinity are like really different things, so we gotta separate them.
耶稣的人性不是神，马利亚生下的是人性的耶稣，而不是圣子的耶稣。 The human part of Jesus isn't God, and Mary gave birth to human Jesus but not divine Jesus.
「兄弟，这是异端邪说，」亚历山大的西里尔说。「基督教的重点就是 Bro, that's heresy, said Cyril of Alexandria. The whole point of Christianity is God coming down,
神降世为人，为我们而死。」于是他们又开了一次大公会议，西里 becoming human, and dying for us. So they had another council, and Cyril wins, and Nestorius
尔获胜，涅斯多留被驱逐出教会。他们决定马利亚是神之母，但仍 gets kicked out. They decide that Mary is the mother of God, but some people still side with
有一些人站在涅斯多留一边。你可以据此另立宗派。好了，现在我 Nestorius. You can make a denomination out of this. Okay, so we know that we can't separate
们知道不能将耶稣的人性和神性分开。我们已经完全理解了基督教。 Jesus's humanity and divinity. Now we've got Christianity all figured out. Some people really
有些人真的很想避免涅斯多留的错误，他们不想将耶稣的人性和神性分 want to avoid the Nestorian error, and they don't want to separate Jesus's humanity and divinity,
开，所以他们说二者结合为一性。等一下，耶稣是一个位格，但祂有两个本性。 so they say they're united in one nature. Hold up, Jesus is one person, but he has two natures.
「这是聂斯托留派的观点。」「不，不是的。」「是的，就是。」「不，不是。」 That's Nestorian. No it isn't. Yes it is. No it's not. Jesus has two natures. We can't separate them
耶稣有两个本质。我们不能像聂斯托留派那样将它们分开，但我们也不能像 like the Nestorians did, but we can't mix them into one like you're doing. He has two natures,
你那样将它们混为一体。祂有两个本质，并且它们在一个位格里联合。他们 and they're united in one person. They have another council, and the two natures people win,
又开了一次大公会议，两性论者获胜，一性论者被逐出教会。但仍有一些人站 and the one nature people get kicked out. But some people still side with the one nature people
在一性论者一边，因为他们认为迦克墩大 公会议很愚蠢。你可以据此成立一个宗派。 because they thought the council of Chalcedon was stupid. You can make a denomination out of this.
好的，所以耶稣有两种本质，人性和神性。我们不能混淆或分离 Okay, so Jesus has two natures, human and divine. We can't mix them or separate them,
它们，圣奥古斯丁刚刚澄清我们需要依靠神。现在我们已经完全理解了基 and Saint Augustine just clarified that we need to depend on God. Now we've got Christianity all
督教。好消息是，现在成为基督徒很酷。坏消息是，很多人只是因为 figured out. Good news, it's now cool to be a Christian. Bad news, a lot of people are only
酷而成为基督徒。兄弟，那太无聊了，我真的受够了这些虚伪的人。 being Christian because it's cool. Bro that's so lame, I'm so sick of all these phonies.
那些去修道院生活、以显示自己有多虔诚的狂热基督徒们。 Say the hardcore Christians going off to live in monasteries to show how Christian they are.
在那里，他们祷告数小时，克己，唱格里高利圣咏，这是格里高利发明 There they pray for hours, deny themselves, and sing Gregorian chants, which are a cool new style
的一种很酷的新音乐风格。当当，是穆罕默德来了。他礼貌地请大家都 of music invented by Gregory. Knock knock, it's Muhammad. He's politely asking everyone to become
成为穆斯林，当这不奏效时，他就不那么客气地要求了。于是穆斯林军队 Muslim, and when that doesn't work, he asks less politely. So the Muslim armies spread rapidly and
迅速扩张，占领了许多以前的基督徒土地。如果你是生活在穆斯林土地 take over a lot of formerly Christian lands. And if you're someone who's not Muslim living in a
上的非穆斯林，你需要付钱来维持非穆斯林身份。基督徒遭受了很多迫害。 Muslim land, you need to pay to not be Muslim. And there's a lot of persecution of Christians.
所以在这个时代，基督徒必须团结一致，抵御穆斯林帝国的 So in these times, it's very important for the Christians to stick together and defend against
侵略。尽管存在文化差异，但基督教必须保持团结。嘿 the Muslim empires. So it's important that Christianity stays united, despite cultural
，还记得尼西亚信经吗？就是那份阐明基督教信仰的文件。 differences. Yo, remember the Nicene Creed, the document that says what Christianity is?
教宗想在信经里加一些内容来阐明圣灵是从圣父和圣子而出的。君士坦 The Pope wants to add something to it to clarify that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father
丁堡牧首说：「老兄，你不能改信经啊。」教宗回答说：「我当然可以。」 and the Son. Dude, you can't change the Creed, says the Patriarch of Constantinople. Yes I can.
不，你不能。你被赶出去了。不，你被赶出去了。所以基督教 No you can't. You're kicked out. No you're kicked out. So Christianity splits. You can make
分裂了。你可以从中创建宗派。兄弟，穆斯林不断入侵。我们应该保 denominations out of this. Bro, the Muslims keep invading. We should defend our land and maybe even
卫我们的土地，甚至可能收复圣地。是时候发动十字军东征了。 retake the Holy Land. It's time for a crusade. They recruited soldiers from everywhere and got
他们从各地招募士兵，把战争炒得沸沸扬扬。这将是有史以来最史诗 the war really hyped up. It's going to be the most epic holy war ever, and everyone thinks Jesus is
般的圣战，每个人都认为基督即将回来。也许这场战争可以重新统一东 about to come back. Maybe the war can reunify East and West. Just kidding, they turn on each other and
西方。开玩笑的，他们反而自相残杀，没有收复圣地。但他们确 they don't retake the Holy Land. But they do retake Spain and Portugal. That's actually really
实收复了西班牙和葡萄牙。这真的很了不起。他们重新征服了西 impressive. They reconquered Spain. They retook the Spain-lined church. Very inspiring. Anyway,
班牙。他们夺回了西班牙的教会。非常鼓舞人心。无论如何，十 the crusades end up being kind of anticlimactic. They weren't that violent, and they definitely
字军东征最终有点令人失望。它们并不那么暴力，肯定没有你高中历 weren't nearly as bad as your high school history textbook probably said they were. Despite the fact
史教科书上说的那么糟糕。尽管他们没做多少事，但仍有很多事情在发 that they didn't do much, there's still a lot going on, because Saint Anselm just figured out that God
生，因为圣安瑟伦刚刚发现神是存在的。祂之所以存在，是因为祂就是 exists. He exists because of the way he is. And just in time for the period of medieval scholasticism,
那样。正好赶上中世纪经院哲学时期，托马斯后来也找到了其他 Thomas also comes along later and finds other reasons why God exists. He also has a thing where
神存在的理由。他还有一个东西，他把非基督教哲学变成基督教， he takes non-christian philosophy and makes it christian, because all truth is God's truth. He's
因为所有真理都是神的真理。他有一整套弄清一切的系统，公教会也 got a whole system for figuring out everything, and the catholic church gets on board. The orthodox
加入进来。东正教有另一种选择。而且他不是唯一这样做的人。每 church has an alternative. And he's not the only one doing this. Everyone's trying to figure out
个人都在试图弄清一切。既然我们要弄清神的一切，我们也应该了解这 everything. And since we're figuring out everything about God, we should learn about the world as well,
个世界，因为世界是神的创造。所以他们学习天文学、科学、数学 because the world's God's creation. So they learn about astronomy, the sciences, math, and music,
和音乐，为现代科学奠定了基础，因为神学是科学之母。他们开创 and lay the groundwork for modern science, because theology is the queen of the sciences. And they
了现代大学制度和医院制度。现在看来我们终于把基督教都搞 start the modern university system and hospital system. Now it looks like we've finally got
清楚了。兄弟，教会有点腐败了。是的，闭嘴。黑死病的时候到了 christianity all figured out. Bro, the church is getting kind of corrupt. Yeah, shut up. It's time
。每个人都在死亡，没有人知道为什么，所以每个人都认为基督即 for the black plague. Everyone's dying, and no one knows why, so everyone thinks Jesus is about to
将回来。但在瘟疫平息之后，教会有时间狂欢，所以他们创作了 come back. But after the plague dies down, the church has time to party, so they make a lot of
许多非常酷的艺术品之类的东西。这就是文艺复兴。但是谁为这一 really cool art and stuff. It's the renaissance. But who's paying for all this? Easy. The people
切买单？很简单。人们把钱给教宗，教宗给他们减少在炼狱的时 give money to the pope, and the pope gives them less time in purgatory. Yeah, this is really
间。是的，这真的很腐败。是时候让一些勇敢的人站出来反对这一切 corrupt. It's time for some brave man to speak out against this. Martin Luther? No, it's Huss. He's
了。马丁路德？不，是胡斯。他要改革教会。你 可以从中创建宗派。只不过失败了，他被处决了。 gonna reform the church. You can make a denomination out of this. Except it fails, and he gets executed.
真遗憾。也许一百年后再试试吧。马丁·路德有话要说，实际上有95条之 That's too bad. Maybe try again in a hundred years. Martin Luther has something to say. 95 things,
多。于是他把这些钉在教堂的门上。也许他能改革教会。但结果并非如此 actually. So he nails them to the door of the church. Maybe he can fix the church. Except no, he
，他反而被赶了出去。可是，教会还是站在他那边，继续进行宗教改革。于 gets kicked out. But churches keep siding with him, and doing the reformation anyway. So he begins
是他开始改革教会的教义，宣称得救完全是因着信心，炼狱并不存在，圣 reforming the church's teachings, saying that salvation's by faith alone, purgatory's not real,
经才是我们最高的权威。事态变得非常激烈，人人都以为耶稣即将再来。因此 and the bible is our ultimate authority. Everything gets really heated, and everyone thinks Jesus is
，宗教改革在德国各地蔓延开来。我不知道这种情况是否也在其他地方 about to come back. So the reformation spreads throughout Germany. I wonder if it's happening
发生。事实上，在瑞士也是如此。如果我们能够联合这两场宗教改革，改 anywhere else. It is, actually, in Switzerland. What if we could unite the two reformations and
革整个教会会怎样？于是，路德与瑞士宗教改革的领袖慈运理会面， reform the entire church? So Luther meets with Zwingli, the head of the Swiss reformation,
看看他们在这些问题上是否意见一致。 to see if they agree on the issues.
兄弟，你觉得圣餐怎么样？所以饼并不是基督的身体。 Bro, what do you think about the Lord's Supper? So the bread isn't really the body of Christ.
你这是什么意思？他说，这是我的身体。嗯，"是"的意思 是代表。不，"是"就是"是"。"是"的意思就是"是"。 What do you mean? He says, this is my body. Well, is means represents. No, is means is. Is means is.
冷静点，路德。出去，慈运理。所以那失败了，现在有两场宗 Calm down, Luther. Get out, Zwingli. So that failed, and now there's two reformations. You can
教改革。你可以从中创立宗派。还有一些激进分子不想属于任何一 make denominations out of this. And there's also some radicals who don't want to be part of either,
方，因为他们想改变一切，这意味着不给婴儿施洗。 because they want to change everything, and that means not baptizing babies.
你可以从中创立一个教派。天哪，所有这些宗教 You can make a denomination out of this. Man, all these reformations going on,
改革正在进行，弟兄，教宗说你不能离婚。所以亨利八世废 Bro, you can't divorce your wife, says the pope. So Henry cancels the pope and makes himself the
除了教宗，自立为英格兰教会的首领。你可以从中创立一 head of the Church of England. You can make a denomination out of this. Looks like Zwingli
个教派。看来慈运理刚去世，所以加尔文注定要接管 just died, so John Calvin is predestined to take over the reformation in Switzerland,
瑞士的宗教改革，他注定要写一本关于很多事情的大书，包括 and he's predestined to write a big book about a bunch of stuff, including the fact that God's in
神掌控一切，特别是你是否会得救。他想与路德宗联合，所 control of everything, especially whether or not you'll be saved. And he wants to unify with the
以他修改了宗教改革。所以，我不知道。我不知道。我不知道。 Lutherans, so he modifies the reformation. So, I don't know. I don't know. I don't know.
路德宗修改了改革宗对圣餐的看法。他说我们确实领受了基督的身体 with the Lutherans, so he modifies the reformed view of the Lord's Supper. He says we really do
和宝血，只是属灵的方式。他把自己的观点发给他们，但他 receive the body and blood of Christ, just spiritually. He sends them his view, but
们注定要把他晾在一边。约翰·诺克斯把加尔文的改革宗思想带到 they're predestined to leave him on read. John Knox takes Calvin's reformed ideas to Scotland,
了苏格兰，让教会由长老来管理。你可以从中建立一个教派。但英格兰 and makes it so that the Church is run by elders. You can make a denomination out of this. But the
教会仍然不确定自己是改革宗还是天主教。我想它介于两者之间。清 Church of England still isn't sure whether it's reformed or Catholic. I guess it's somewhere in
教徒说，兄弟，这还不够好，他们试图把英格兰教会中所有天主 the middle. Bro, that's not good enough, say the Puritans, trying to purify the Church of
教的东西都清除掉。你可以从中建立一个教派。有些人放弃了净化教 England of everything Catholic. You can make a denomination out of this. Some of them give up on
会的尝试，干脆逃到美国去了。尘埃落定需要一些时间，但一旦尘埃 trying to purify the Church and just run away to America. It takes a bit of time for the dust to
落定，就是新教经院哲学的时候了。让我们把我们所相信的一切都写 settle, but once it does, it's time for Protestant Scholasticism. Let's write down everything we
下来，把我们的信仰放到整齐的神学体系中。荷兰的加尔文主义者正在写 believe and put our beliefs into neat theological systems. The Dutch Calvinists are writing everything
下他们所相信的一切，包括预定论的整个内容。阿民念是其中之一， they believe, including the whole predestination thing. Arminius is one of them, but he doesn't
但他不喜欢那部分。因此，作为回应，荷兰改革宗阐明了加尔文主义的立场。 like that part. So in response, the Dutch reformed to clarify what the Calvinist position is.
但除此之外，这也激励人们创办各种大学来研究各种事物。 But aside from that, this inspires people to start a bunch of universities to study all sorts
人们的宗教信仰激励他们在数学、音乐、法律和哲学方面取得 of things. And people's religious beliefs inspire them to make advancements in math, music, law,
进步。现在看来，我们已经完全弄清楚基督教了。兄弟，这 and philosophy. And now it looks like we've got Christianity all figured out. Bro, this is all
一切都走得太远了。我们需要少一点这种书呆子神学，多一点 going way too far. We need less of this nerdy theology and more personal piety. Say the pietists
个人虔诚。虔诚派认为路德宗教会变得太书呆子了。他们发明 who think the Lutheran churches are getting way too nerdy. And they invent the concept of a Bible
了查经的概念，因为一切都需要更加个人化。美洲殖民地 study because everything needs to be more personal. Something similar is happening in the
也发生了类似的事情，许多传教士到处传讲个人宗教经历胜过 American colonies, where a bunch of preachers go around and preach personal religious experience
宗教仪式。这是好事吗？教会因此而分裂。这些复兴者之一 over religious ritual. Is this a good thing? Churches split over this. One of these awakening
是约翰·卫斯理，他想唤醒他认为已经在属灵上变得冷 guys is John Wesley, who wants to awaken the Anglican Church, which he thinks has gotten
淡的英国圣公会。他发起了一场运动，最终以此建立了一个教派。 spiritually cold. He starts a movement, which ends up making a denomination out of this.
所以所有这些对宗教权威的质疑正在导致人们质疑 So all this questioning of religious authority is leading people to question
一切，这引向了启蒙运动。美国质疑他们是否需要一个国王。 everything, which leads to the Enlightenment. America questions whether they need a king.
法国甚至更进一步，质疑他们是否需要神。我敢打赌，他们将成为有 France goes even further and questions whether they need God. I bet they're going to be the
史以来最开明的人。哦等等，不对，他们只是杀光了所有人。我们还 most enlightened people ever. Oh wait, no, they just killed everyone. Let's not do that. But
是不要那样做了。不过，启蒙运动让一切变得更加世俗化，有些人采 anyway, the Enlightenment makes everything more secular, and some people adopt a more deistic
取了一种更加自然神论的神观，这导致其他人认为我们需要另一次大觉醒。 view of God, which causes other people to think we need another Great Awakening. People are starting
人们开始不信任传统宗教。所以现在我们有了各种复兴运动、社会运动和社团。 to distrust traditional religion. So now we've got revivals, social movements, and societies galore.
还有一个复原主义运动，人们试图从头开始重建基督信仰。 There's also the Restorationist movement, where people try to rebuild Christianity from scratch.
从这个观点出发，可以产生许多不同的教派，其中一些实际上是异端。 You can make a bunch of denominations out of this, some of which are actually heretical.
我还用说吗？但这一切都发生在美国。欧洲的情况如何？ And do I even need to say it? But that's all going on in America. How's Europe doing?
普鲁士刚刚宣布，他们国家的路德宗和改革宗必须合并， Prussia just said the Lutheran and Reformed churches in their country have to unite,
最后他们只是改革宗了。所以一些路德宗信徒逃到了美国。 and they end up just being Reformed. So some of the Lutherans run away to America.
我不知道公教会基督徒最近怎么样了。我有一段时间没关注他们了 I wonder how the Catholics are doing. I haven't checked in on them in a while. They just had a
。他们刚刚开了一个大公会议，宣布教宗可以发表不会错的声 council where they said the Pope can make infallible statements. Things are pretty crazy
明。新教徒那边的情况也相当疯狂。他们正受到启蒙运动的影响，导 for the Protestants too. They're being influenced by the Enlightenment, which leads to theological
致神学自由主义的兴起。基本上，这意味着基督徒不再相信基督 liberalism, which is basically where Christians stopped believing in Christianity. You see,
教了。你看，现在我们已经开明了。我们知道神迹不可能发生 now we're enlightened. We know miracles can't happen because there's no examples of them
，因为没有神迹发生的例子。所有所谓的神迹例子都有自 happening, because all supposed examples of miracles have a natural explanation,
然的解释，因为一切都有自然的解释，所以神迹不可能发生。这完全说得通。 because everything has a natural explanation, because miracles can't happen. Makes perfect sense.
所以没有童女生子，没有神的启示，耶稣没有行任 So there's no virgin birth, no divine revelation, Jesus didn't do any miracles,
何神迹，也没有复活。兄弟，你在否定基督教的基本 and there's no resurrection. Bro, you're denying the fundamentals of Christianity,
教义，那些向开始占据主流教会的现代主义者大喊大叫的原 say the fundamentalists yelling at the modernists who are beginning to take over the mainstream
教旨主义者如是说。但基要主义者的本能并不是真的要宗教 churches. But the instinct of the fundamentalists isn't really to reform the churches. It's more
改革。更像是他们想要逃离，因为他们仍在走出大觉 like they want to run away, because they're still coming out of the Great Awakening,
醒运动，他们开始不信任一切主流的东西，比如主流学校、 and they're beginning to distrust everything mainstream, like mainstream schools, mainstream
主流大学、主流科学，他们想要从城市撤退，因为他们认为 universities, mainstream science, and they want to retreat from the cities because they think
耶稣无论如何都会再来，所以他们应该退到农村地区，直到那一刻到来。 Jesus is going to come back anyway, so they should just retreat to the rural areas until that happens.
基要派离开后，主流教会在神学上变得更加自由。嘿 And with the fundamentalists gone, it just makes the mainline churches even more theologically
，阿苏萨街上一群人刚刚经历了一些严肃的灵性经历。 liberal. Yo, a bunch of people just had some serious spiritual experiences on Azusa Street.
你可以从中创立一个教派。还有，厌倦了神学自由主义吗？卡尔 You can make a denomination out of this. Also, sick of theological liberalism? Karl Barth sure
·巴特当然是，因为第一次世界大战后他意识到人类的进步不 is, because after World War I he realized that human progress can't save us. But he's not a
能拯救我们。但他也不是一个基要主义者，所以他有一种中间立 fundamentalist either, so he has a sort of middle ground. And he signs a statement with Dietrich
场。他与迪特里希·潘霍华签署了一份声明，表示他们不会成为法西 Bonhoeffer saying they're not going to be fascist. And after World War II starts, yeah. After the war
斯分子。第二次世界大战开始后，是的。战争结束后，以色列国成立 is over, the state of Israel forms, which causes a rise in dispensationalism, which is where people
，这引起了时代论的兴起，人们认为以色列将促使耶稣再来。此 think Israel is going to make Jesus come back. Also, some fundamentalists want a more friendly,
外，一些基要主义者想要一个更友好、低热量版本的基要主 diet version of fundamentalism, partly because they don't like racial segregation. Speaking of
义，部分原因是他们不喜欢种族隔离。说到福音派，现 evangelicals, a lot of churches are now non-denominational. It's actually Baptist,
在很多教会都是非宗派的。它实际上是浸信会，但不 but don't worry about it. And a lot of conservative Christians are flocking to
用担心。许多保守的基督徒正从主流教会涌向这些非宗派 these non-denominational churches from the mainline churches, which only causes the
教会，这只会导致主流教会在神学上变得更加自由。我想知道公教会在忙什么。 mainline churches to become more theologically liberal. I wonder what the Catholics are up to.
他们刚刚又开了一次大公会议。他们澄清了教 宗只有在非常特殊的情况下才是不会犯错的。 They just had another council. They clarified that the Pope is only infallible in very special cases.
他们说新教徒严格来说仍然是基督徒，所以这意味着他们 And they said that Protestants are still technically Christian, so that means they
可以开始更加合一。东正教会怎么样？受到迫害。东方正教 can start to be more ecumenical. How's the Eastern Orthodox Church? Persecuted. How's
会怎么样？受到迫害。嘿，牧师可以是女性吗？自由派说可以，保守 the Oriental Orthodox Church? Persecuted. Hey, can pastors be women? Yes, said the liberals. No,
派说不行。自由派赢了，所以保守派被赶出去。实际上，不，他 said the conservatives. And the liberals win, so the conservatives get kicked out. Actually,
们并没有真的被赶出去。但无论如何，他们还是逃走了， no, they don't really get kicked out. But they run away anyway, and they make their
成立了自己的福音派教派，这只会导致主流教会在神学上变得更加 own evangelical denominations, which only causes the mainline church to get more theologically
自由。这些福音派教派有一种新的敬拜音乐风格，他们的人数正在 liberal. These evangelical denominations have a new style of worship music, and their numbers
上升，尽管西方的基督教整体上正在崩溃。不过，它在非洲和亚洲正 are rising, even though Christianity in the West overall is collapsing. It's exploding in Africa
在爆发式增长。嘿，婚姻可以是同性的吗？自由派说可以，保守派说不行。 and Asia, though. Hey, can marriage be gay? Yes, said the liberals. No, said the conservatives.
自由派获胜了，所以保守派再次逃跑。目前，主流教会 And the liberals win, so the conservatives run away again. And at this point, the mainline
在神学上是如此自由，以至于其中的大多数教会根本不相 churches are so theologically liberal that most of the churches within them don't even really
信基督教。所以如果你在美国，去任何城镇中心的古老历史 believe in Christianity at all. So if you're in America, and you go to the old historic church
教会，比如第一长老会教会、第一循道宗教会或第一任 in the center of any given town, like First Presbyterian Church or First Methodist Church
何教会，很可能它是一个主流教会，在神学上非常自由， or First Anything Church, chances are it's a mainline church that's so theologically liberal
甚至没有任何真正的基督徒信徒。有一些福音派教会有许多 it doesn't even have any real Christian believers in it. There's evangelical churches that have a
热情的信徒，但他们处于社会的边缘。所以西方基督教 lot of passionate believers, but they're kind of on the outskirts of society. So Western
世界基本上已经死亡。除非我们重新夺回主流教会。 Christendom is basically dead. Unless we retake the mainline church.