- start: 0.519999981
  end: 1.039999962
  en: Christianity.
  zh: 基督教。
- start: 1.539999962
  end: 6.480000019
  en: It's the world's largest religion, it's almost 2,000 years old, and it's very diverse.
  zh: 这是世界上最大的宗教，已有将近两千年的历史，非常多样。
- start: 7.199999809
  end: 10.039999962
  en: Sometimes it looks like this, and sometimes it looks like this.
  zh: 有时它看起来是这样的，有时又是那样的。
- start: 10.800000191
  end: 11.56000042
  en: How did this happen?
  zh: 这怎么发生的呢？
- start: 12.159999847
  end: 17.13999939
  en: So right after Jesus ascended into heaven, he left the Twelve Apostles in charge until he comes back.
  zh: 耶稣升天后，留下十二使徒负责，直到他再来。
- start: 17.799999237
  end: 18.659999847
  en: When's he gonna come back?
  zh: 他什么时候回来？
- start: 18.959999084
  end: 23.340000153
  en: Well, he said it wasn't for them to know, but still, everyone thought Jesus was about to come back.
  zh: 他说这不是他们能知道的，但每个人都以为耶稣快回来。
- start: 23.86000061
  end: 30.059999466
  en: So at Pentecost, the Twelve Apostles all receive the Holy Spirit, who empowers them to preach the gospel in many different languages.
  zh: 在五旬节，十二使徒都接受了圣灵，圣灵使他们能用多种语言传福音。
- start: 31.0
  end: 36.580001831
  en: So they're living together as one big happy family and preaching to the people, and their numbers begin to increase dramatically.
  zh: 他们如同大家庭生活在一起，向众人传道，人数显著增加。
- start: 37.159999847
  end: 42.180000305
  en: They're worshiping in the temple, and the Jewish leaders of the temple don't really like these new followers of Jesus.
  zh: 他们在圣殿里敬拜，但圣殿的犹太领袖不太喜欢这些耶稣的新追随者。
- start: 42.63999939
  end: 46.880001068
  en: So they begin to persecute them, and they even kill some of them, starting with Steve.
  zh: 于是他们开始迫害他们，甚至杀害一些人，首先是斯提反。
- start: 47.540000916
  end: 51.200000763
  en: One of the people who persecutes the Christians is Saul of Tarsus.
  zh: 其中一个迫害基督徒的是大数的扫罗。
- start: 51.279998779
  end: 54.400001526
  en: He's all like, Christianity is cringe, change my mind.
  zh: 他认定基督教可鄙，试图改变他的想法。
- start: 54.520000458
  end: 57.720001221
  en: He changed his mind, and his name.
  zh: 他改变了主意，也改了名字。
- start: 58.400001526
  end: 61.740001678
  en: And now it's his job to preach Christianity everywhere, not just to the Jews.
  zh: 现在他的任务是到处传扬基督教，不仅限于犹太人。
- start: 62.060001373
  end: 66.839996338
  en: He goes to a bunch of cities and begins preaching to the Gentiles, which are people who are not Jewish people.
  zh: 他去许多城市，开始向外邦人传道，这些人不是犹太人。
- start: 67.480003357
  end: 70.260002136
  en: Which raises the question, is Christianity Jewish?
  zh: 这就引出了一个问题，基督教是犹太教吗？
- start: 70.959999084
  end: 71.760002136
  en: Yes, said Peter.
  zh: 是的，彼得说。
- start: 72.080001831
  end: 72.739997864
  en: No, said Paul.
  zh: 不是，保罗说。
- start: 73.220001221
  end: 73.819999695
  en: Who's right?
  zh: 谁是对的？
- start: 74.419998169
  end: 74.959999084
  en: Paul is right.
  zh: 是保罗对。
- start: 75.239997864
  end: 77.279998779
  en: You don't need to become Jewish to become Christian.
  zh: 你不需要成为犹太人才成为基督徒。
- start: 77.720001221
  end: 77.959999084
  en: Cool.
  zh: 明白了。
- start: 78.300003052
  end: 80.099998474
  en: Now we've got Christianity all figured out.
  zh: 现在我们已经弄清楚基督教了。
- start: 80.199996948
  end: 83.5
  en: And just in time, because everyone still thinks Jesus is about to come back.
  zh: 正好，因为每个人仍然认为耶稣快要回来。
- start: 84.319999695
  end: 87.800003052
  en: Man, I'm so glad we have all these apostles who can teach us- Oh wait, no, they're dying out!
  zh: 感谢神我们有这些使徒教导我们——等等，他们在逐渐辞世！
- start: 87.940002441
  end: 89.099998474
  en: Quick, preserve their teachings!
  zh: 快点，保存他们的教导！
- start: 89.940002441
  end: 94.800003052
  en: So people begin preserving their teachings and writings, and compiling them into what would eventually become the New Testament.
  zh: 于是人们开始保存他们的教导和著作，汇编成最终成为《新约》的文本。
- start: 95.160003662
  end: 101.919998169
  en: And it's good that we have the New Testament, because in the second century, a bunch of weird heretics and schismatic groups begin to pop up.
  zh: 很庆幸我们有了《新约》，因为在二世纪，出现了一些奇怪的异端和分裂团体。
- start: 102.080001831
  end: 112.160003662
  en: You've got the Gnostics, who hate the world, the Marcionites, who hate most of the Bible, the Montanists, who get a bit too crazy sometimes, and the Dacitists, who think Jesus was too cool to be human.
  zh: 有诺斯替派，他们厌恶世界；马吉安派，他们厌恶大部分圣经；孟他努派，他们有时过于狂热；幻影派，他们认为耶稣太高尚不可能为人。
- start: 112.839996338
  end: 120.36000061
  en: And the Apostolic Fathers, like these guys, the successors of the apostles, are able to use the New Testament as a shield against these heresies.
  zh: 而使徒们的继承者使徒教父们，能够用《新约》作为盾牌来抵御这些异端。
- start: 120.86000061
  end: 125.599998474
  en: It's kind of hard to officially deal with these heretics, because remember, Christianity is still illegal.
  zh: 正式处理这些异端有些困难，因为不要忘了，基督教仍然是非法的。
- start: 126.019996643
  end: 126.839996338
  en: Unless you live in Armenia.
  zh: 除非你住在亚美尼亚。
- start: 127.0
  end: 128.100006104
  en: But in Rome, it's illegal.
  zh: 但在罗马，这是非法的。
- start: 128.440002441
  end: 130.580001831
  en: But it's hard to keep it illegal because people keep converting.
  zh: 但要保持它违法很难，因为人们不断地皈依。
- start: 131.020004272
  end: 132.699996948
  en: Don't worry, the Emperor will solve this!
  zh: 别担心，皇帝会解决这问题！
- start: 132.820007324
  end: 134.179992676
  en: Oh wait, no, he just converted as well.
  zh: 哦，等等，不，他也皈依了。
- start: 134.300003052
  end: 139.339996338
  en: Now he wants everyone to be Christian, so he gathers all the Christian leaders at Nicaea to clarify what Christianity is.
  zh: 现在他要所有人都成为基督徒，于是他召集所有基督教领袖在尼西亚澄清基督教的定义。
- start: 139.960006714
  end: 142.600006104
  en: Well, we worship Jesus because he's God, says almost everyone.
  zh: 几乎每个人都说，我们敬拜耶稣，因为他是神。
- start: 143.13999939
  end: 147.619995117
  en: Actually, said some guy named Arius, Jesus is like God, but he's still created by God.
  zh: 其实，一个叫亚略的人说，耶稣像神，但他还是被神创造。
- start: 147.679992676
  end: 149.399993896
  en: There was a time when Jesus didn't exist.
  zh: 有一段时间耶稣不存在。
- start: 150.020004272
  end: 152.820007324
  en: Bro, that's heresy, said Santa Claus, punching him in the face.
  zh: 兄弟，那是异端，圣尼古拉说道，一拳打在他脸上。
- start: 152.880004883
  end: 156.119995117
  en: So the Council of Nicaea clarified that Jesus is truly God.
  zh: 所以尼西亚公会议澄清了耶稣是真神。
- start: 156.5
  end: 159.839996338
  en: Arius got kicked out, and they wrote a statement summarizing the basics of Christianity.
  zh: 亚略被驱逐，他们写了一份声明，总结了基督教的基本要点。
- start: 160.0
  end: 165.520004272
  en: And the Arians kept trying to creep back into the church, but luckily, Saint Athanasius was able to defend the true faith.
  zh: 亚略派不断试图重新进入教会，但幸好，圣亚他拿修能够捍卫真信仰。
- start: 165.679992676
  end: 167.979995728
  en: Even though he was against the world at times.
  zh: 即使他有时与整个世界对抗。
- start: 168.539993286
  end: 170.479995728
  en: Cool, now we've got Christianity all figured out.
  zh: 明白了，现在我们已经搞清基督教了。
- start: 170.899993896
  end: 173.779998779
  en: Just kidding, we need a second council to clarify what the first council meant.
  zh: 开玩笑的，我们需要第二次会议来澄清第一次会议的意思。
- start: 174.179992676
  end: 177.899993896
  en: The Holy Spirit is also God, just in case you're wondering, and Jesus is also fully human.
  zh: 圣灵也是神，以防你有疑问，并且耶稣也是完全的人。
- start: 178.240005493
  end: 181.300003052
  en: Because this one guy thought Jesus had a human body, but not a human mind.
  zh: 因为有个人认为耶稣有人的身体，但没有人的心智。
- start: 181.759994507
  end: 184.800003052
  en: Okay, so he got kicked out, and now we've got Christianity all figured out.
  zh: 好了，他被驱逐了，现在我们已经弄清楚基督教了。
- start: 185.119995117
  end: 188.080001831
  en: We know that Jesus is both truly human and truly divine.
  zh: 我们知道耶稣是真人也是真神。
- start: 188.619995117
  end: 195.800003052
  en: Some guy named Nestorius said, Yeah, but humanity and divinity are, like, really different things, so we gotta separate them.
  zh: 一个叫聂斯多留的人说，是的，但人性和神性是截然不同的，所以我们得分开。
- start: 196.080001831
  end: 197.800003052
  en: The human part of Jesus isn't God.
  zh: 耶稣的人性部分不是神。
- start: 198.339996338
  end: 201.559997559
  en: And Mary gave birth to human Jesus, but not divine Jesus.
  zh: 马利亚生了人的耶稣，但不是神的耶稣。
- start: 202.080001831
  end: 204.339996338
  en: Bro, that's heresy, said Cyril of Alexandria.
  zh: 兄弟，那是异端，亚历山大的西里尔说道。
- start: 204.720001221
  end: 208.580001831
  en: The whole point of Christianity is God coming down, becoming human, and dying for us.
  zh: 基督教的要点是神降世，为我们成为人并受死。
- start: 208.820007324
  end: 210.220001221
  en: So they had another council.
  zh: 于是他们召开了另一场会议。
- start: 210.399993896
  end: 212.600006104
  en: And Cyril wins, and Nestorius gets kicked out.
  zh: 西里尔胜出，聂斯多留被驱逐。
- start: 212.740005493
  end: 214.740005493
  en: They decide that Mary is the mother of God.
  zh: 他们决定马利亚是神的母亲。
- start: 214.899993896
  end: 216.63999939
  en: But some people still side with Nestorius.
  zh: 但有些人依然站在聂斯多留一边。
- start: 217.080001831
  end: 218.720001221
  en: You could make it a nomination out of this.
  zh: 你可以把这变成一种提名。
- start: 219.100006104
  end: 222.399993896
  en: Okay, so we know that we can't separate Jesus's humanity and divinity.
  zh: 好的，所以我们知道我们不能分开耶稣的人性和神性。
- start: 222.839996338
  end: 224.559997559
  en: Now we've got Christianity all figured out.
  zh: 现在我们已经弄清楚基督教了。
- start: 225.100006104
  end: 230.119995117
  en: Some people really want to avoid the Nestorian error, and they don't want to separate Jesus's humanity and divinity.
  zh: 有些人真的想避免聂斯多留的错误，因此他们不想分开耶稣的人性和神性。
- start: 230.300003052
  end: 232.220001221
  en: So they say they're united in one nature.
  zh: 所以他们说这是一个本性。
- start: 232.86000061
  end: 235.080001831
  en: Hold up, Jesus is one person, but he has two natures.
  zh: 且慢，耶稣是一个人，但他有两种本性。
- start: 235.339996338
  end: 236.160003662
  en: That's Nestorian!
  zh: 那是聂斯多留主义！
- start: 236.399993896
  end: 236.820007324
  en: No, it isn't.
  zh: 不是的。
- start: 236.979995728
  end: 237.539993286
  en: Yes, it is.
  zh: 是的，没错。
- start: 237.720001221
  end: 238.339996338
  en: No, it's not.
  zh: 不，不是的。
- start: 238.720001221
  end: 239.520004272
  en: Jesus has two natures.
  zh: 耶稣有两种本性。
- start: 239.699996948
  end: 243.440002441
  en: We can't separate them like the Nestorians did, but we can't mix them into one like you're doing.
  zh: 我们不能像聂斯多留派那样分开，但也不能像你们那样混成一个。
- start: 243.539993286
  end: 245.63999939
  en: He has two natures, and they're united in one person.
  zh: 他有两种本性，并在一个人身上合一。
- start: 246.199996948
  end: 248.199996948
  en: They have another council, and the two natures people win.
  zh: 他们又开了一个会议，两种本性的人胜出。
- start: 248.199996948
  end: 249.679992676
  en: And the one nature people get kicked out.
  zh: 而单一种性的人被驱逐。
- start: 250.339996338
  end: 253.979995728
  en: But some people still side with the one nature people because they thought the council of Chalcedon was stupid.
  zh: 但有些人仍然支持单一种性的人，因为他们认为迦克墩会议很愚蠢。
- start: 254.660003662
  end: 256.440002441
  en: You can make it a nomination out of this.
  zh: 你可以把这变成一种提名。
- start: 256.559997559
  end: 258.720001221
  en: Okay, so Jesus has two natures, human and divine.
  zh: 好的，所以耶稣有两种本性，人性和神性。
- start: 258.859985352
  end: 260.459991455
  en: We can't mix them or separate them.
  zh: 我们不能将它们混合或分开。
- start: 260.679992676
  end: 263.339996338
  en: And Saint Augustine just clarified that we need to depend on God.
  zh: 而且圣奥古斯丁刚刚澄清了我们需要依靠神。
- start: 263.920013428
  end: 265.899993896
  en: Now we've got Christianity all figured out.
  zh: 现在我们已经弄清楚基督教了。
- start: 266.239990234
  end: 266.559997559
  en: Good news!
  zh: 好消息！
- start: 266.640014648
  end: 267.859985352
  en: It's now cool to be a Christian.
  zh: 现在成为基督徒是很酷的。
- start: 268.359985352
  end: 268.799987793
  en: Bad news!
  zh: 坏消息！
- start: 268.859985352
  end: 270.959991455
  en: A lot of people are only being Christian because it's cool.
  zh: 很多人只是因为觉得很酷才成为基督徒。
- start: 271.579986572
  end: 272.440002441
  en: Bro, that's so lame.
  zh: 兄弟，那真可悲。
- start: 272.459991455
  end: 273.859985352
  en: I'm so sick of all these phonies.
  zh: 我真厌倦了这些伪君子。
- start: 273.980010986
  end: 277.660003662
  en: Say, the hardcore Christians going off to live in monasteries to show how Christian they are.
  zh: 比如说，那些虔诚的基督徒去修道院生活，以显示他们有多虔诚。
- start: 277.920013428
  end: 283.899993896
  en: There, they pray for hours, deny themselves, and sing Gregorian chants, which are a cool new style of music invented by Gregory.
  zh: 在那里，他们祷告数小时，克己，还唱格里高利圣咏，这是一种由格里高利发明的新音乐风格，很酷。
- start: 284.5
  end: 285.100006104
  en: Knock knock.
  zh: 敲敲门。
- start: 285.420013428
  end: 285.959991455
  en: It's Muhammad.
  zh: 是穆罕默德。
- start: 286.420013428
  end: 288.279998779
  en: He's politely asking everyone to become Muslim.
  zh: 他礼貌地请求所有人成为穆斯林。
- start: 288.739990234
  end: 290.679992676
  en: And when that doesn't work, he asks less politely.
  zh: 当这不起作用时，他的请求就不那么礼貌了。
- start: 291.239990234
  end: 295.059997559
  en: So the Muslim armies spread rapidly and take over a lot of formerly Christian lands.
  zh: 于是穆斯林军队迅速扩散，占领了许多原本的基督教土地。
- start: 295.579986572
  end: 299.079986572
  en: And if you're someone who's not Muslim living in a Muslim land, you need to pay to not be Muslim.
  zh: 如果你是居住在穆斯林土地上的非穆斯林，你需要支付费用以保持非穆斯林身份。
- start: 299.299987793
  end: 301.200012207
  en: And there's a lot of persecution of Christians.
  zh: 而且有很多的基督徒被迫害。
- start: 301.5
  end: 306.140014648
  en: So in these times, it's very important for the Christians to stick together and defend against the Muslim empires.
  zh: 所以在这些时候，基督徒团结起来并防御穆斯林帝国非常重要。
- start: 306.359985352
  end: 310.600006104
  en: So it's important that Christianity stays united, despite cultural differences.
  zh: 所以，尽管有文化差异，基督教保持团结是很重要的。
- start: 311.559997559
  end: 312.799987793
  en: Yo, remember the Nicene Creed?
  zh: 喂，还记得尼西亚信经吗？
- start: 313.059997559
  end: 314.760009766
  en: The document that says what Christianity is?
  zh: 那份阐明基督教是什么的文件吗？
- start: 315.260009766
  end: 320.299987793
  en: The Pope wants to add something to it to clarify that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son.
  zh: 教宗想在其中添加一些内容，以澄清圣灵是由圣父和圣子所出。
- start: 320.940002441
  end: 324.480010986
  en: Dude, you can't change the creed, says the Patriarch of Constantinople.
  zh: 兄弟，你不能更改信经，君士坦丁堡牧首说道。
- start: 324.880004883
  end: 325.399993896
  en: Yes, I can.
  zh: 我能。
- start: 325.640014648
  end: 326.320007324
  en: No, you can't.
  zh: 不，你不能。
- start: 326.640014648
  end: 327.260009766
  en: You're kicked out.
  zh: 你被逐出。
- start: 327.399993896
  end: 328.279998779
  en: No, you're kicked out.
  zh: 不，是你被逐出。
- start: 328.320007324
  end: 330.0
  en: So Christianity splits.
  zh: 于是基督教分裂了。
- start: 330.200012207
  end: 332.0
  en: You can make denominations out of this.
  zh: 你可以从中组成教派。
- start: 332.579986572
  end: 334.059997559
  en: Bro, the Muslims keep invading.
  zh: 兄弟，穆斯林在不断入侵。
- start: 334.059997559
  end: 336.959991455
  en: We should defend our land and maybe even retake the Holy Land.
  zh: 我们应该保卫我们的土地，甚至收复圣地。
- start: 337.600006104
  end: 338.579986572
  en: It's time for a crusade.
  zh: 是时候进行一场十字军东征了。
- start: 339.140014648
  end: 342.079986572
  en: They recruited soldiers from everywhere and got the war really hyped up.
  zh: 他们从各地招募士兵，把战争炒得沸沸扬扬。
- start: 342.179992676
  end: 346.019989014
  en: It's going to be the most epic holy war ever, and everyone thinks Jesus is about to come back.
  zh: 这将是最史诗的圣战，每个人都以为耶稣快回来了。
- start: 346.660003662
  end: 348.679992676
  en: Maybe the war can reunify East and West.
  zh: 也许这场战争能重新统一东西方。
- start: 349.119995117
  end: 351.640014648
  en: Just kidding, they turn on each other and they don't retake the Holy Land.
  zh: 笑话，他们反目成仇，没能收复圣地。
- start: 352.040008545
  end: 353.619995117
  en: But they do retake Spain and Portugal.
  zh: 但他们确实重夺了西班牙和葡萄牙。
- start: 354.040008545
  end: 355.200012207
  en: That's actually really impressive.
  zh: 事实上这真的很令人印象深刻。
- start: 355.339996338
  end: 356.739990234
  en: They re-conquered Spain.
  zh: 他们重新征服了西班牙。
- start: 356.820007324
  end: 358.820007324
  en: They retook the Spain-line church.
  zh: 他们收复了西班牙境内的教会。
- start: 359.540008545
  end: 360.339996338
  en: Very inspiring.
  zh: 非常鼓舞人心。
- start: 361.140014648
  end: 363.5
  en: Anyway, the Crusades end up being kind of anticlimactic.
  zh: 总之，十字军东征最终有些虎头蛇尾。
- start: 363.5
  end: 369.119995117
  en: They weren't that violent, and they definitely weren't nearly as bad as your high school history textbook probably said they were.
  zh: 他们并不那么暴力，肯定也没有你高中历史课本说的那么坏。
- start: 369.440002441
  end: 372.0
  en: Despite the fact that they didn't do much, there's still a lot going on.
  zh: 尽管他们没有做太多事，但还有很多事情在发生。
- start: 372.040008545
  end: 374.260009766
  en: Because Saint Anselm just figured out that God exists.
  zh: 因为圣安瑟伦刚刚证明了神的存在。
- start: 374.459991455
  end: 375.720001221
  en: He exists because of the way he is.
  zh: 他存在因为他自身的本质。
- start: 376.519989014
  end: 382.600006104
  en: And just in time for the period of medieval scholasticism, Thomas also comes along later and finds other reasons why God exists.
  zh: 恰逢中世纪经院哲学时期，托马斯随后也找到了神存在的其他理由。
- start: 382.760009766
  end: 387.540008545
  en: He also has a thing where he takes non-Christian philosophy and makes it Christian, because all truth is God's truth.
  zh: 他还把非基督教的哲学转化为基督教的，因为一切真理都是神的真理。
- start: 387.679992676
  end: 390.019989014
  en: He's got a whole system for figuring out everything.
  zh: 他有一整套系统来弄清一切。
- start: 390.119995117
  end: 391.779998779
  en: And the Catholic Church gets on board.
  zh: 公教会也支持他。
- start: 391.859985352
  end: 393.700012207
  en: The Orthodox Church has an alternative.
  zh: 东正教则有另一种选择。
- start: 394.399993896
  end: 395.619995117
  en: And he's not the only one doing this.
  zh: 而且不仅仅他一个人在这样做。
- start: 395.959991455
  end: 397.260009766
  en: Everyone's trying to figure out everything.
  zh: 每个人都在试图搞懂一切。
- start: 397.899993896
  end: 402.519989014
  en: And since we're figuring out everything about God, we should learn about the world as well, because the world's God's creation.
  zh: 既然我们已经搞懂了关于神的一切，我们也应该学学这个世界，因为这个世界是神的创造。
- start: 403.040008545
  end: 407.519989014
  en: So they learn about astronomy, the sciences, math, and music, and lay the groundwork for modern science.
  zh: 因此他们学习天文学、自然科学、数学和音乐，为现代科学奠定了基础。
- start: 407.820007324
  end: 409.619995117
  en: Because theology is the queen of the sciences.
  zh: 因为神学是科学的女王。
- start: 410.179992676
  end: 412.899993896
  en: And they start the modern university system and hospital system.
  zh: 他们创立了现代大学系统和医院系统。
- start: 413.299987793
  end: 415.959991455
  en: Now it looks like we've finally got Christianity all figured out.
  zh: 现在看来我们终于弄清楚基督教了。
- start: 416.119995117
  end: 418.059997559
  en: Bro, the church is getting kind of corrupt.
  zh: 兄弟，教会有点腐败了。
- start: 418.140014648
  end: 418.679992676
  en: Yeah, shut up.
  zh: 是的，闭嘴。
- start: 419.339996338
  end: 420.660003662
  en: It's time for the Black Plague.
  zh: 是时候迎接黑死病了。
- start: 420.760009766
  end: 422.420013428
  en: Everyone's dying and no one knows why.
  zh: 每个人都在死亡，没有人知道为什么。
- start: 422.5
  end: 424.5
  en: So everyone thinks Jesus is about to come back.
  zh: 所以每个人都以为耶稣快回来了。
- start: 425.839996338
  end: 428.220001221
  en: But after the plague dies down, the church has time to party.
  zh: 但瘟疫消退后，教会有时间庆祝了。
- start: 428.339996338
  end: 430.320007324
  en: So they make a lot of really cool art and stuff.
  zh: 所以他们创造了很多真棒的艺术作品。
- start: 430.640014648
  end: 431.299987793
  en: It's the Renaissance.
  zh: 这是文艺复兴。
- start: 431.799987793
  end: 432.880004883
  en: But who's paying for all this?
  zh: 但是谁来支付这些？
- start: 433.359985352
  end: 433.540008545
  en: Easy.
  zh: 很简单。
- start: 433.859985352
  end: 437.019989014
  en: The people give money to the Pope, and the Pope gives them less time in purgatory.
  zh: 人们把钱给教宗，教宗则给他们减少在炼狱中的时间。
- start: 438.0
  end: 439.519989014
  en: Yeah, this is really corrupt.
  zh: 是的，这真的很腐败。
- start: 439.839996338
  end: 442.420013428
  en: It's time for some brave man to speak out against this.
  zh: 是时候有人勇敢地站出来反对了。
- start: 442.700012207
  end: 443.200012207
  en: Martin Luther?
  zh: 马丁·路德？
- start: 443.640014648
  end: 444.540008545
  en: No, it's Huss.
  zh: 不，是胡斯。
- start: 444.760009766
  end: 445.959991455
  en: He's gonna reform the church.
  zh: 他要改革教会。
- start: 446.140014648
  end: 447.600006104
  en: You can make a denomination out of this.
  zh: 你可以从中组成一个宗派。
- start: 447.880004883
  end: 449.459991455
  en: Except it fails and he gets executed.
  zh: 不过失败了，他被处决了。
- start: 449.820007324
  end: 450.399993896
  en: That's too bad.
  zh: 那太糟糕了。
- start: 450.399993896
  end: 451.880004883
  en: Maybe try again in a hundred years.
  zh: 也许一百年后再试一次吧。
- start: 453.619995117
  end: 455.019989014
  en: Martin Luther has something to say.
  zh: 马丁·路德有话要说。
- start: 455.779998779
  end: 456.519989014
  en: 95 things, actually.
  zh: 实际上是95条。
- start: 456.600006104
  end: 457.959991455
  en: So he nails them to the door of the church.
  zh: 于是他把它们钉在教会的门上。
- start: 458.440002441
  end: 459.540008545
  en: Maybe he can fix the church.
  zh: 也许他能修正教会。
- start: 459.940002441
  end: 461.239990234
  en: Except no, he gets kicked out.
  zh: 不过不，他被驱逐了。
- start: 461.619995117
  end: 464.299987793
  en: But churches keep siding with him, and doing the Reformation anyway.
  zh: 但教会继续支持他，并进行宗教改革。
- start: 464.660003662
  end: 471.100006104
  en: So he begins reforming the church's teachings, saying that salvation's by faith alone, purgatory's not real, and the Bible is our ultimate authority.
  zh: 于是他开始改革教会的教义，称得救只靠信心，炼狱不真实，圣经是我们的最高权威。
- start: 471.540008545
  end: 474.859985352
  en: Everything gets really heated and everyone thinks Jesus is about to come back.
  zh: 一切变得非常紧张，每个人都认为耶稣快回来了。
- start: 474.940002441
  end: 477.179992676
  en: So the Reformation spreads throughout Germany.
  zh: 于是宗教改革传遍了德国。
- start: 477.299987793
  end: 478.940002441
  en: I wonder if it's happening anywhere else.
  zh: 不知道其他地方是否也在发生。
- start: 479.0
  end: 480.700012207
  en: It is, actually, in Switzerland.
  zh: 事实上，是的，在瑞士。
- start: 481.260009766
  end: 484.420013428
  en: What if we could unite the two Reformations and reform the entire church?
  zh: 如果我们能联合两次改革，改革整个教会会怎样？
- start: 484.880004883
  end: 489.079986572
  en: So Luther meets with Zwingli, the head of the Swiss Reformation, to see if they agree on the issues.
  zh: 于是路德与瑞士宗教改革的领袖慈运理会面，看看他们在问题上是否一致。
- start: 490.339996338
  end: 493.480010986
  en: Bro, what do you think about the Lord's Supper?
  zh: 兄弟，你怎么看圣餐？
- start: 493.920013428
  end: 495.980010986
  en: So the bread isn't really the body of Christ.
  zh: 所以饼不是真的基督的身体？
- start: 496.279998779
  end: 496.839996338
  en: What do you mean?
  zh: 你什么意思？
- start: 496.839996338
  end: 498.279998779
  en: He says, this is my body.
  zh: 他说，这是我的身体。
- start: 498.619995117
  end: 499.920013428
  en: Well, is means represents.
  zh: 意思是代表。
- start: 500.160003662
  end: 501.600006104
  en: No, is means is.
  zh: 不，意思就是是。
- start: 501.820007324
  end: 502.619995117
  en: Is means is.
  zh: 是就是是。
- start: 502.920013428
  end: 503.5
  en: Calm down, Luther.
  zh: 冷静点，路德。
- start: 503.760009766
  end: 504.459991455
  en: Get out, Zwingli.
  zh: 出去，慈运理。
- start: 505.200012207
  end: 507.0
  en: So that failed, and now there's two Reformations.
  zh: 于是那次失败了，现在有了两次宗教改革。
- start: 507.179992676
  end: 508.679992676
  en: You can make denominations out of this.
  zh: 你可以从中组成不同教派。
- start: 508.940002441
  end: 514.320007324
  en: And there's also some radicals who don't want to be part of either because they want to change everything, and that means not baptizing babies.
  zh: 还有一些激进派，他们不想加入任何一派，因为他们想改变一切，这意味着不为婴儿施洗。
- start: 515.0
  end: 516.840026855
  en: You can make a denomination out of this.
  zh: 你可以从中组成一个宗派。
- start: 516.940002441
  end: 518.859985352
  en: Man, all these Reformations going on?
  zh: 伙计，所有这些宗教改革都在进行吗？
- start: 518.940002441
  end: 519.859985352
  en: Says King Henry VIII.
  zh: 亨利八世说道。
- start: 520.239990234
  end: 520.880004883
  en: Don't worry, Pope.
  zh: 别担心，教宗。
- start: 520.960021973
  end: 522.200012207
  en: I will never leave you.
  zh: 我永远不会离开你。
- start: 522.859985352
  end: 524.900024414
  en: Bro, you can't divorce your wife, says the Pope.
  zh: 兄弟，你不能和你的妻子离婚，教宗说。
- start: 525.440002441
  end: 528.400024414
  en: So Henry cancels the Pope and makes himself the head of the Church of England.
  zh: 于是亨利废黜了教宗，让自己成为英国教会的领袖。
- start: 528.900024414
  end: 530.400024414
  en: You can make a denomination out of this.
  zh: 你可以从中组成一个宗派。
- start: 530.659973145
  end: 541.760009766
  en: Looks like Zwingli just died, so John Calvin is predestined to take over the Reformation in Switzerland, and he's predestined to write a big book about a bunch of stuff, including the fact that God's in control of everything, especially whether or not you'll be saved.
  zh: 看来慈运理刚刚去世，所以约翰·加尔文注定要接手瑞士的宗教改革，并且注定要写一本关于许多事情的大书，包括神掌管一切，尤其是你是否得救。
- start: 542.299987793
  end: 546.780029297
  en: And he wants to unify with the Lutherans, so he modifies the Reformed view of the Lord's Supper.
  zh: 他希望与路德宗联合，所以他修改了改革宗关于圣餐的看法。
- start: 547.200012207
  end: 550.340026855
  en: He says we really do receive the body and blood of Christ, just spiritually.
  zh: 他说我们确实领受了基督的身体和血液，只是以灵性方式。
- start: 550.940002441
  end: 554.020019531
  en: He sends them his view, but they're predestined to leave him on read.
  zh: 他把他的观点发给他们，但他们注定要忽略他。
- start: 554.780029297
  end: 559.320007324
  en: John Knox takes Calvin's Reformed ideas to Scotland and makes it so that the Church is run by elders.
  zh: 约翰·诺克斯把加尔文的改革思想带到苏格兰，让教会由长老治理。
- start: 559.58001709
  end: 561.320007324
  en: You can make a denomination out of this.
  zh: 你可以从中组成一个宗派。
- start: 561.320007324
  end: 564.640014648
  en: But the Church of England still isn't sure whether it's Reformed or Catholic.
  zh: 但是英国教会仍然不确定它是改革宗还是公教会。
- start: 565.039978027
  end: 566.260009766
  en: I guess it's somewhere in the middle.
  zh: 我猜它介于两者之间。
- start: 566.91998291
  end: 571.91998291
  en: Bro, that's not good enough, say the Puritans, trying to purify the Church of England of everything Catholic.
  zh: 兄弟，那还不够好，清教徒说，他们试图清除英国教会中的所有公教会因素。
- start: 572.380004883
  end: 573.739990234
  en: You can make a denomination out of this.
  zh: 你可以从中组成一个宗派。
- start: 574.119995117
  end: 576.960021973
  en: Some of them give up on trying to purify the Church and just run away to America.
  zh: 他们中有些人放弃了净化教会的尝试，直接逃到美国。
- start: 577.780029297
  end: 582.520019531
  en: It takes a bit of time for the dust to settle, but once it does, it's time for Protestant Scholasticism.
  zh: 尘埃落定需要一些时间，但一旦尘埃落定，就到了新教经院哲学时代。
- start: 583.099975586
  end: 587.280029297
  en: Let's write down everything we believe and put our beliefs into neat theological systems.
  zh: 让我们写下我们所信的一切，并将我们的信仰整理成整齐的神学系统。
- start: 587.58001709
  end: 592.239990234
  en: The Dutch Calvinists are writing everything they believe, including the whole predestination thing.
  zh: 荷兰的加尔文主义者正在写下他们所信的一切，包括预定论。
- start: 592.659973145
  end: 594.840026855
  en: Arminius is one of them, but he doesn't like that part.
  zh: 阿民念是其中之一，但他不喜欢那部分。
- start: 594.840026855
  end: 598.599975586
  en: So in response, the Dutch Reformed clarify what the Calvinist position is.
  zh: 因此，荷兰改革宗澄清了加尔文主义的立场。
- start: 598.780029297
  end: 600.760009766
  en: But aside from that.
  zh: 除此之外。
- start: 600.760009766
  end: 600.760009766
  en: .. This
  zh: 这
- start: 600.760009766
  end: 604.219970703
  en: inspires people to start a bunch of universities to study all sorts of things.
  zh: 激励人们创办了一大批大学，研究各种事情。
- start: 604.640014648
  end: 609.440002441
  en: And people's religious beliefs inspire them to make advancements in math, music, law, and philosophy.
  zh: 人们的宗教信仰激励他们在数学、音乐、法律和哲学方面取得进展。
- start: 609.700012207
  end: 612.41998291
  en: And now it looks like we've got Christianity all figured out.
  zh: 现在看来我们已经弄清楚基督教了。
- start: 613.299987793
  end: 615.059997559
  en: Bro, this is all going way too far.
  zh: 兄弟，这一切走得太远了。
- start: 615.159973145
  end: 618.440002441
  en: We need less of this nerdy theology and more personal piety.
  zh: 我们需要少一些书呆子气的神学，多一些个人虔诚。
- start: 618.940002441
  end: 622.179992676
  en: Say the Pietists, who think the Lutheran churches are getting way too nerdy.
  zh: 虔信派说，认为路德教会变得太书呆子气。
- start: 622.799987793
  end: 627.039978027
  en: And they invent the concept of a Bible study, because everything needs to be more personal.
  zh: 他们发明了查经的概念，因为一切都需要更加个性化。
- start: 627.780029297
  end: 635.039978027
  en: Something similar is happening in the American colonies, where a bunch of preachers go around and preach personal religious experience over religious ritual.
  zh: 类似的事情也发生在美洲殖民地，那里有一群传教士四处游历，宣讲个人宗教体验而非宗教仪式。
- start: 635.619995117
  end: 636.340026855
  en: Is this a good thing?
  zh: 这是一件好事吗？
- start: 636.719970703
  end: 638.0
  en: Churches split over this.
  zh: 教会因此分裂。
- start: 639.539978027
  end: 646.260009766
  en: One of these awakening guys is John Wesley, who wants to awaken the Anglican church, which he thinks has gotten spiritually cold.
  zh: 其中一个觉醒人物是约翰·卫斯理，他想唤醒英国圣公会，他认为该会在属灵上变得冷淡。
- start: 646.799987793
  end: 649.619995117
  en: He starts a movement, which ends up making a denomination out of this.
  zh: 他发起了一个运动，最终成立了一个宗派。
- start: 650.159973145
  end: 656.0
  en: So all this questioning of religious authority is leading people to question everything, which leads to the Enlightenment.
  zh: 所有对宗教权威的质疑导致人们开始质疑一切，从而引发了启蒙运动。
- start: 656.460021973
  end: 658.380004883
  en: America questions whether they need a king.
  zh: 美国质疑他们是否需要国王。
- start: 659.059997559
  end: 661.380004883
  en: France goes even further and questions whether they need God.
  zh: 法国更进一步，质疑他们是否需要神。
- start: 661.5
  end: 663.900024414
  en: I bet they're going to be the most enlightened people ever.
  zh: 我打赌他们将成为最有启蒙精神的人。
- start: 664.0
  end: 665.320007324
  en: Oh wait, no, they just killed everyone.
  zh: 哦，等等，他们只是杀光了所有人。
- start: 666.0
  end: 667.039978027
  en: Let's not do that.
  zh: 还是别那么做。
- start: 667.08001709
  end: 675.08001709
  en: But anyway, the Enlightenment makes everything more secular, and some people adopt a more deistic view of God, which causes other people to think we need another Great Awakening.
  zh: 但无论如何，启蒙运动使一切变得更加世俗化，有些人采取了比较自然神论的看法，这导致其他人认为我们需要另一次大觉醒。
- start: 675.700012207
  end: 678.039978027
  en: People are starting to distrust traditional religion.
  zh: 人们开始不信任传统宗教。
- start: 678.119995117
  end: 682.700012207
  en: So now we've got revivals, social movements, and societies galore.
  zh: 于是现在有了复兴、社会运动和各种团体。
- start: 683.320007324
  end: 687.900024414
  en: There's also the Restorationist movement, where people try to rebuild Christianity from scratch.
  zh: 还有恢复主义运动，人们试图从头开始重建基督教。
- start: 688.5
  end: 692.179992676
  en: You can make a bunch of denominations out of this, some of which are actually heretical.
  zh: 你可以从中组成一大批宗派，其中一些实际上是异端。
- start: 692.640014648
  end: 694.299987793
  en: And do I even need to say it?
  zh: 我还需要说吗？
- start: 694.859985352
  end: 696.219970703
  en: But that's all going on in America.
  zh: 但这一切都发生在美国。
- start: 696.340026855
  end: 697.179992676
  en: How's Europe doing?
  zh: 欧洲怎么样了？
- start: 697.640014648
  end: 702.880004883
  en: Prussia just said the Lutheran and Reformed churches in their country have to unite, and they end up just being Reformed.
  zh: 普鲁士刚刚宣布，他们的国家中的路德宗和改革宗教会必须合并，最后只剩下改革宗。
- start: 703.08001709
  end: 705.219970703
  en: So some of the Lutherans run away to America.
  zh: 于是一些路德宗逃到了美国。
- start: 705.840026855
  end: 707.119995117
  en: I wonder how the Catholics are doing.
  zh: 不知道公教会怎么样了。
- start: 707.119995117
  end: 708.520019531
  en: I haven't checked in on them in a while.
  zh: 我有一段时间没关注他们了。
- start: 709.0
  end: 712.119995117
  en: They just had a council where they said the Pope can make infallible statements.
  zh: 他们刚刚开过一个会议，宣布教宗可以做出无误的声明。
- start: 712.820007324
  end: 714.5
  en: Things are pretty crazy for the Protestants, too.
  zh: 对新教徒来说，情况也非常疯狂。
- start: 715.039978027
  end: 722.460021973
  en: They're being influenced by the Enlightenment, which leads to theological liberalism, which is basically where Christians stop believing in Christianity.
  zh: 他们受到启蒙运动的影响，导致神学自由主义，基本上就是基督徒不再相信基督教。
- start: 722.940002441
  end: 724.58001709
  en: You see, now we're enlightened.
  zh: 你看，我们现在被启蒙了。
- start: 724.799987793
  end: 734.380004883
  en: We know miracles can't happen because there's no examples of them happening, because all supposed examples of miracles have a natural explanation, because everything has a natural explanation, because miracles can't happen.
  zh: 我们知道奇迹不可能发生，因为没有发生的例子，因为所有所谓的奇迹都有一个自然的解释，因为一切都有一个自然的解释，因为奇迹不可能发生。
- start: 734.91998291
  end: 736.039978027
  en: Makes perfect sense.
  zh: 非常有道理。
- start: 736.619995117
  end: 742.41998291
  en: So there's no virgin birth, no divine revelation, Jesus didn't do any miracles, and there's no resurrection.
  zh: 所以没有童贞女生子，没有神的启示，耶稣没有行过奇迹，也没有复活。
- start: 742.679992676
  end: 749.840026855
  en: Bro, you're denying the fundamentals of Christianity, say the fundamentalists yelling at the modernists who are beginning to take over the mainstream churches.
  zh: 兄弟，你在否认基督教的基本教义，基要主义者对正在接管主流教会的现代主义者大声疾呼。
- start: 750.039978027
  end: 754.840026855
  en: But the instinct of the fundamentalists isn't really to reform the churches.
  zh: 但基要主义者的本能并不是真的要改革教会。
- start: 754.979980469
  end: 772.58001709
  en: It's more like they want to run away, because they're still coming out of the Great Awakening, and they're beginning to distrust everything mainstream, like mainstream schools, mainstream universities, mainstream science, and they want to retreat from the cities, because they think Jesus is going to come back anyway, so they should just retreat to the rural areas until that happens.
  zh: 更像是他们想要逃离，因为他们仍然从大觉醒中苏醒，并开始不信任一切主流，如主流学校、主流大学、主流科学，他们想从城市退到乡村，因为他们认为耶稣无论如何都会回来，所以他们应该只是退到乡村等待那一刻。
- start: 772.900024414
  end: 777.780029297
  en: And with the fundamentalists gone, it just makes the mainline churches even more theologically liberal.
  zh: 随着基要主义者的离去，主流教会的神学自由主义更为严重。
- start: 778.520019531
  end: 782.700012207
  en: Yo, a bunch of people just had some serious spiritual experiences on Azusa Street.
  zh: 喂，一群人在亚苏萨街刚刚经历了一些严肃的灵性体验。
- start: 783.119995117
  end: 784.520019531
  en: You can make a denomination out of this.
  zh: 你可以从中组成一个宗派。
- start: 784.739990234
  end: 786.900024414
  en: Also, sick of theological liberalism?
  zh: 此外，厌倦神学自由主义了吗？
- start: 787.299987793
  end: 791.880004883
  en: Karl Barth sure is, because after World War I, he realized that human progress can't save us.
  zh: 卡尔·巴特肯定是的，因为在一战之后，他意识到人类进步无法拯救我们。
- start: 791.880004883
  end: 795.299987793
  en: But he's not a fundamentalist either, so he has a sort of middle ground.
  zh: 但他也不是基要主义者，所以他采取了一种中间立场。
- start: 795.41998291
  end: 799.119995117
  en: And he signs a statement with Dietrich Bonhoeffer saying they're not going to be fascist.
  zh: 他与迪特里希·朋霍费尔签署了一份声明，表示他们不会成为法西斯。
- start: 799.340026855
  end: 801.940002441
  en: And after World War II starts, yeah.
  zh: 二战开始后，是的。
- start: 803.099975586
  end: 809.640014648
  en: After the war is over, the state of Israel forms, which causes a rise in dispensationalism, which is where people think Israel is going to make Jesus come back.
  zh: 战争结束后，以色列国家成立，这导致了时代论的兴起，人们认为以色列会让耶稣回来。
- start: 810.619995117
  end: 817.020019531
  en: Also, some fundamentalists want a more friendly diet version of fundamentalism, partly because they don't like racial segregation.
  zh: 另外，一些基要主义者想要一种更友好的基要主义版本，部分原因是他们不喜欢种族隔离。
- start: 817.91998291
  end: 820.960021973
  en: Speaking of evangelicals, a lot of churches are now non-denominational.
  zh: 说到福音派，现在很多教会都是无宗派的。
- start: 821.280029297
  end: 822.91998291
  en: It's actually Baptist, but don't worry about it.
  zh: 实际上是浸信会的，但别管它。
- start: 823.08001709
  end: 831.5
  en: And a lot of conservative Christians are flocking to these non-denominational churches from the mainline churches, which only causes the mainline churches to become more theologically liberal.
  zh: 许多保守的基督徒从主流教会涌向这些无宗派教会，这只会使主流教会变得更为神学自由主义。
- start: 831.859985352
  end: 833.299987793
  en: I wonder what the Catholics are up to.
  zh: 不知道公教会在干什么。
- start: 833.739990234
  end: 834.719970703
  en: They just had another council.
  zh: 他们刚刚开了另一个会议。
- start: 834.960021973
  end: 838.460021973
  en: They clarified that the Pope is only infallible in very special cases.
  zh: 他们澄清了教宗仅在非常特殊的情况下才无误。
- start: 839.099975586
  end: 843.960021973
  en: And they said that Protestants are still technically Christian, so that means they can start to be more ecumenical.
  zh: 他们还说，新教徒在技术上仍然是基督徒，这意味着他们可以开始更加普世合一。
- start: 845.039978027
  end: 846.41998291
  en: How's the Eastern Orthodox Church?
  zh: 东正教会怎么样？
- start: 846.820007324
  end: 847.140014648
  en: Persecuted.
  zh: 受迫害。
- start: 847.700012207
  end: 849.260009766
  en: How's the Oriental Orthodox Church?
  zh: 东方正统教会怎么样？
- start: 849.679992676
  end: 850.159973145
  en: Persecuted.
  zh: 受迫害。
- start: 850.880004883
  end: 852.08001709
  en: Hey, can pastors be women?
  zh: 嘿，牧师可以是女性吗？
- start: 852.320007324
  end: 853.599975586
  en: Yes, said the liberals.
  zh: 可以，自由派说。
- start: 853.979980469
  end: 854.760009766
  en: No, said the conservatives.
  zh: 不可以，保守派说。
- start: 855.280029297
  end: 857.359985352
  en: And the liberals win, so the conservatives get kicked out.
  zh: 自由派获胜，所以保守派被踢了出去。
- start: 857.479980469
  end: 858.859985352
  en: Actually, no, they don't really get kicked out.
  zh: 实际上，不，他们并没有真的被踢出去。
- start: 859.539978027
  end: 865.58001709
  en: But they run away anyway, and they make their own evangelical denominations, which only causes the mainline church to get more theologically liberal.
  zh: 但他们无论如何都逃跑了，并成立了自己的福音派宗派，这只会使主流教会变得更加神学自由主义。
- start: 866.280029297
  end: 873.780029297
  en: These evangelical denominations have a new style of worship music, and their numbers are rising, even though Christianity in the West overall is collapsing.
  zh: 这些福音派宗派有一种新的崇拜音乐风格，尽管西方的基督教整体在衰落，但他们的数量在增加。
- start: 874.119995117
  end: 875.940002441
  en: It's exploding in Africa and Asia, though.
  zh: 但在非洲和亚洲却在迅速爆发。
- start: 876.179992676
  end: 877.91998291
  en: Hey, can marriage be gay?
  zh: 嘿，婚姻可以是同性恋吗？
- start: 878.400024414
  end: 879.5
  en: Yes, said the liberals.
  zh: 可以，自由派说。
- start: 879.859985352
  end: 880.739990234
  en: No, said the conservatives.
  zh: 不可以，保守派说。
- start: 880.900024414
  end: 883.799987793
  en: And the liberals win, so the conservatives run away again.
  zh: 自由派获胜，所以保守派再次逃跑。
- start: 884.400024414
  end: 891.5
  en: And at this point, the mainline churches are so theologically liberal that most of the churches within them don't even really believe in Christianity at all.
  zh: 而到了这一点，主流教会在神学上如此自由化，以至于其中的大多数教会根本不再真正相信基督教。
- start: 891.960021973
  end: 906.880004883
  en: So if you're in America, and you go to the old historic church in the center of any given town, like First Presbyterian Church or First Methodist Church or First Anything Church, chances are it's a mainline church that's so theologically liberal it doesn't even have any real Christian believers in it.
  zh: 所以如果你在美国，去任何一个小镇中心的老教堂，比如第一长老会教会或第一循道会教会，可能它是一个神学上如此自由的主流教会，甚至没有真正的基督徒信徒。
- start: 907.260009766
  end: 912.200012207
  en: There's evangelical churches that have a lot of passionate believers, but they're kind of on the outskirts of society.
  zh: 有些福音派教会有很多热情的信徒，但它们有点处于社会的边缘。
- start: 912.780029297
  end: 916.559997559
  en: So Western Christendom is basically dead, unless we retake the mainline church.
  zh: 所以西方基督教基本上已经死了，除非我们重夺主流教会。
